509:
830:
44:
158:
706:
592:
appears to believe that this is one, and so resists him not much longer. Menelaus unexpectedly returns and finds the two in each other's arms. Helen, exclaiming "la fatalité, la fatalité", tells him that it is all his fault: A good husband knows when to come and when to stay away. Paris tries to dissuade him from kicking up a row, but to no avail. When all the kings join the scene, berating Paris and telling him to go back where he came from, Paris departs, vowing to return and finish the job.
219:
721:
2884:
2868:
2854:
759:, in March 1865. It was for this occasion that Eduard Haensch made a new arrangement of the overture, which is universally played today; Offenbach's brief prelude is very seldom heard. The work was given in Berlin at the Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater in May of that year, in Brussels the following month, and in Hungary in March 1866 in German and April 1870 in Hungarian.
601:
arrives on a boat, explaining that he has to take Helen to
Cythera where she is to sacrifice 100 heifers for her offences. Menelaus pleads with her to go with the priest, but she refuses initially, saying that it is he, and not she, who has offended the goddess. However, when she realises that the priest is Paris in disguise, she embarks and they sail away together.
1996:
2089:
591:
While the Greek kings party in
Menelaus's palace in his absence, and Calchas is caught cheating at a board game, Paris comes to Helen at night. After she sees off his first straightforward attempt at seducing her, he returns when she has fallen asleep. Helen has prayed for some appeasing dreams and
600:
The kings and their entourage have moved to
Nauplia for the summer season, and Helen is sulking and protesting her innocence. Venus has retaliated for the treatment meted out to her protégé Paris by making the whole population giddy and amorous, to the despair of the kings. A high priest of Venus
1026:
thought the piece had all the expected
Offenbach qualities: "grace, tunefulness, abandonment, eccentricity, gaiety and spirit. ... Do you like good music of cheerful spirit? Here is! Do you want to laugh and have fun? You will laugh, you will have fun! Do you like to see a battalion of beautiful
1103:. It transcends the former to even higher Olympian heights in the operetta canon. Its finales are funnier, more elaborate, and involve an even greater use of the chorus; the orchestrations are richer, the tunes more plentiful, and there is a waltz of great grace and beauty in Act II".
203:
made their impression on the public, after which the piece drew large audiences from fashionable bohemians as well as respectable citizens from the wealthy arrondissements. It ran through most of 1865 (with a summer break in mid-run), and was replaced in
February 1866 with
1031:
will have its 100 performances. There is no better party at the theatre." The reviewer commented that the librettists were not at their subtlest in this piece, and had "painted with a broad brush of buffoonery". The
British journal
194:
The opera opened on 17 December 1864. The first night audience was enthusiastic but the reviews were mixed, and box-office business was sluggish for a few subsequent performances until supportive reviews by leading writers such as
778:; the first, in July 1868, starred Schneider as Helen; the second, in July 1873, featured Marie Desclauzas, Mario Widmer and Pauline Luigini. Other English adaptations (including a second one by Burnand) were given at the
154:, who wrote much of the plot, to which Halévy added humorous details and comic dialogue. The official censor took exception to some of their words for disrespect for Church and state, but an approved text was arrived at.
1250:
in 1858 and boosted attendances; he tried to avoid falling into the same trap on this occasion but could not restrain his invective against the "perfidious" Meilhac, "traitor" Halévy and "wretched" Offenbach.
124:. After successes with his early works – short pieces for modest forces – he was granted a licence in 1858 to stage full-length operas with larger casts and chorus. The first of these to be produced,
1053:
is "refined and charming and shows the most
Viennese influence". He adds that although it lacks "hit" tunes, it is a cohesive and balanced score, with excellent songs for Helen. However,
134:. During the subsequent six years the composer attempted, generally in vain, to emulate this success. In 1864 he returned to classical mythology for his theme. His frequent collaborator,
2935:
1091:, reviewing the 2000 Châtelet production, wrote: "The whole show is as innocently filthy as only the French can manage. And it is musically superb." In his history of operetta (2003),
508:
1274:
from his strictures: "There was more music in
Sullivan's little finger than Offenbach dreamed of in all his life, until at death's door he was inexplicably touched by poetry".
567:, whereupon he reveals his identity. Helen, who was trying to settle after her youthful adventure and aware of Paris's backstory, decides that Fate has sealed hers. The
630:
Chœur "Gloire au berger victorieux"; "Gloire! gloire! gloire au berger" – "Glory to the victorious shepherd"; "Glory! glory! glory to the shepherd " – Chorus and Helen
661:"Un mari sage" (Hélène), valse et final: " A moi! Rois de la Grèce, à moi! " – "A wise husband"; waltz and finale: "To me! Kings of Greece, to me!" – Helen; Menelaus
1067:
would be a strong contender)". He comments that in this score
Offenbach's harmony became more chromatic than it had been in earlier works, and foreshadowed some of
861:
2925:
2920:
2161:
183:, Théodore Cogniard, was penny-pinching and unsympathetic to Offenbach's taste for lavish staging and large-scale orchestration, and the two leading ladies –
2940:
2045:
2887:
1295:
191:– engaged in a running feud with each other. The feud became public knowledge and provoked increasing interest in the piece among Parisian theatregoers.
821:
became, and remained for a decade, the most popular stage work in Russia. In its first run it played for a record-breaking 42 consecutive performances.
2857:
1368:
2736:
2400:
167:
35:
849:
2871:
2224:
829:
2360:
2317:
1979:
1877:
1855:
2950:
680:
Trio patriotique "Lorsque la Grèce est un champ de carnage" (Agamemnon, Calchas, Ménélas) – Patriotic Trio – Agamemnon, Calchas, Menelaus
196:
2460:
857:
1036:
thought the music "very flimsy and essentially second-rate", and attributed the opera's great success to the popularity of
Schneider.
683:
Chœur "La galère de Cythère", tyrolienne de Pâris "Soyez gais" – "The ship for Cythera"; Tyrolean song: "Be gay" – Chorus and Paris
2088:
806:
2955:
1038:
1649:
1593:
516:
180:
101:
2930:
2244:
2038:
1813:
1719:
1699:
1682:
1632:
1553:
179:
seems to have been largely untroubled". Although the writing of the work went smoothly, rehearsals did not. The manager of the
2000:
814:
43:
2834:
2500:
991:
2824:
2450:
130:, achieved notoriety and box-office success for its risqué satire of Greek mythology, French musical tradition, and the
1140:
968:
2613:
2297:
1227:
The carrot is an allusion to the song "Vénus aux carottes", by Paul-Léonce Blaquière, with which Silly was associated.
1669:
1618:
Porter, Andrew. "Helen destroyed: Frayn reduces Offenbach's classical figures to Chippendales and Paris to plaster,
2945:
2031:
2693:
2370:
2337:
2204:
1176:
798:
126:
886:'s spectacular adaptation of the work was produced at the Theater am Kurfürstendamm in Berlin in 1931, starring
2593:
2214:
985:
869:
210:, starring the same leading players, except for Silly, with whom Schneider declined ever to appear with again.
2480:
1189:
674:
Chœur et ronde d'Oreste "Vénus au fond de nos âmes" – "Venus in the depths of our souls" – Chorus and Orestes
316:
2470:
2380:
1579:
980:
1469:
720:
705:
2583:
2184:
1132:
923:
907:
779:
2540:
2119:
865:
2814:
2082:
1270:
919:
745:
2234:
1242:
1120:
972:
853:
775:
367:
157:
2012:
1259:
The magazine's 680-word article denouncing the opera did not at any point mention the composer's name.
2910:
2787:
2643:
2520:
2327:
2307:
2274:
2110:
1891:
1200:
579:, the king of Sparta. Paris has bribed Calchas to "prophesise" that Menelaus must at once proceed to
515:(Ménélas), Juliette Simon-Girard (Hélène) and Georges-Guillaume Guy (Agamemnon), 1899 revival at the
172:
131:
112:
continued to be revived throughout the 20th century and has remained a repertoire piece in the 21st.
2746:
2653:
2440:
2410:
1128:
944:
752:
206:
655:
Chœur en coulisses "En couronnes tressons les roses" – "In wreaths braid roses" – Offstage chorus
264:
2915:
1928:
837:
677:
Couplets d'Hélène "Là vrai, je ne suis pas coupable" – Couplets: "There, I'm not guilty" – Helen
621:
Chœur et Oreste "C'est Parthoénis et Léoena" – "It's Parthoenis and Leoena" – Chorus and Orestes
425:
311:
184:
2716:
2623:
2287:
1352:"André Gill and Musicians in Paris in the 1860s and 1870s: Caricatures in La Lune and L'Éclipse"
833:
809:(April 1868). There were further US productions in 1871 (in French) and 1899 (in English), with
143:
351:
188:
2663:
2573:
2254:
2151:
2054:
1975:
1955:
1938:
1916:
1899:
1873:
1851:
522:
280:
240:
135:
90:
82:
74:
1175:, with the Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg under Alain Lombard, and the chorus of the
2804:
2553:
2124:
2018:
1967:
1154:
1092:
952:
936:
873:
783:
545:
475:
Ladies and Gentlemen, Princes, Guards, People, Slaves, Helen’s servants, Mourners of Adonis
1843:
1172:
1084:
1054:
956:
948:
911:
887:
810:
787:
771:
560:
533:
512:
332:
218:
61:
2490:
2350:
1194:
200:
70:
108:, on 17 December 1864. The work ran well, and productions followed in three continents.
2726:
2563:
2264:
2072:
1720:"Juvenility Impairs 'Hélène': staging is a jumble of dubious jokes and clashing themes"
1158:
1136:
1124:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1007:
1003:
915:
891:
880:
as "sadly tawdry and gimmicky ... showing no comprehension of the opéra-bouffe idiom".
741:
298:
559:, and wins three prizes at a "contest of wit" (outrageously silly wordgames) with the
2904:
2703:
2683:
2530:
1932:
1887:
1865:
1146:
1112:
1088:
1046:
999:
995:
927:
895:
883:
877:
841:
794:
763:
541:
253:
151:
86:
78:
1057:(1981) writes: "It would be difficult to name an operetta with more good tunes than
544:, promised him by Venus when he awarded the prize of beauty to her in preference to
2767:
2510:
1168:
1080:
1011:
976:
2673:
2007:
906:. An English version more faithful to Meilhac and Halévy's original was given by
2603:
2420:
2174:
1237:
1164:
1116:
1068:
934:
which ran briefly at the Coliseum in 1995, and was bracketed by Hugh Canning of
903:
47:
Contemporary drawing of the first production: Oreste, Pâris, Hélène and Calchas
817:
in May 1876. From its Russian premiere in the 1868–69 season in St Petersburg,
17:
2777:
737:
711:
575:
and the two bumbling Ajaxes. Paris is invited to a banquet by Helen's husband
496:
94:
1942:
1903:
2633:
1150:
894:. Reinhard directed his version in England in December 1931, with a text by
658:
Duo Hélène-Pâris "Oui c'est un rêve" – "Yes it's a dream" – Helen and Paris
564:
248:
1959:
1920:
797:, New York, in December 1867; the original French version followed, at the
1995:
926:(ENO) presented Offenbach's score with a completely rewritten libretto by
120:
By 1864, Offenbach was well established as the leading French composer of
576:
572:
556:
259:
121:
1573:, 28 December 1931, p. 11; and "Baroque Treatment of a Classical Theme:
1071:'s harmonic effects. Both writers regard the music more highly than did
2390:
1533:
1351:
549:
537:
530:
345:
2008:
Libretto as originally submitted for censorship, accessed 27 July 2011
1075:, who wrote of this score that Offenbach was not fit for company with
793:
The first New York production of the opera was given in German at the
2100:
489:
175:
writes: "As with most of Offenbach’s greatest works, the creation of
2023:
2194:
2062:
828:
580:
526:
507:
293:
217:
156:
105:
42:
646:
Invocation à Vénus (Invocation to Venus) – "Dis-moi Vénus"– Helen
568:
2027:
1027:
women? Go to the Variétés! For these reasons and many others,
801:(March 1868) and an English adaptation by Molyneux St John as
571:
prince is crowned victor by Helen, to the disgust of the lout
142:(La prise de Troie). Offenbach suggested a collaboration with
643:
Chœur "O Reine, en ce jour" – "O Queen, on this day" – Chorus
2019:
Recordings which appear on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
967:
Among revivals in France there have been productions at the
736:
was revived at the Variétés in 1876, 1886 and 1889 starring
627:
Marche des Rois de la Grèce – March of the Kings of Greece
1915:(fourteenth ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons.
1375:, Oxford University Press, 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
1302:, Oxford University Press, 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
940:
with Wernicke's Aix production as "horrors unforgotten".
1472:, Operetta Research Center, 2001. Retrieved 15 April 2019
774:. The original French version had two productions at the
583:, which he agrees to reluctantly under general pressure.
161:
Caricature of the feud between Offenbach's star sopranos
1002:
as Helen. In the US productions have included those by
624:
Air de Pâris "Au mont Ida" – Air: "Mount Ida" – Paris
618:"Amours divins" – "Divine loves" – Chorus and Helen
1934:
Orpheus in Paris: Offenbach and the Paris of his Time
1314:
Faris, pp. 71, 77, 92 and 110; and Kracauer, p. 242.
998:, was presented by ENO at the Coliseum in 2006 with
2803:
2758:
2715:
2552:
2349:
2286:
2173:
2142:
2135:
2099:
2061:
1683:"A thousand ships? This Helen can’t launch a dozen"
540:, commanding him to procure for Paris the love of
918:toured the work in the 1990s in a translation by
2825:Le barbier de Séville ou La précaution inutile
1703:'La Belle Helene' -- Funny, Absurd, Satirical"
2162:Tromb-al-ca-zar, ou Les criminels dramatiques
2039:
813:as Helen. The Australian premiere was at the
8:
2936:Libretti by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy
1534:"Offenbach and Chekhov; Or, La Belle Yelena"
652:Scène du jeu – Scene of the game of "Goose"
1560:, 5 November 2000, p. 18 (Culture section).
1157:, Jean-Philippe Lafont. Musical direction,
943:American productions included those of the
138:, wrote a sketch for an opera to be called
2867:
2853:
2139:
2046:
2032:
2024:
2835:La folle journée, ou Le mariage de Figaro
994:(2018). The 2000 Châtelet production, by
649:Marche de l'oie – The march of the Goose
1672:, Opera Online. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
848:Revivals in Paris included those at the
225:
1609:Traubner, unnumbered introductory page.
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1387:Kracauer, pp 243–244; and Faris, p. 125
1287:
1220:
1042:considered the piece grossly indecent.
803:Paris and Helen, or The Greek Elopement
1974:(second ed.). London: Routledge.
1519:
1517:
1464:
1462:
1460:
150:, but Halévy preferred a new partner,
2926:Cultural depictions of the Trojan War
2361:Croquefer, ou Le dernier des paladins
1791:
1789:
1735:Wolf, Albert. "Chronique Théatrale",
1236:The vehement hostility of the critic
60:
7:
2921:Cultural depictions of Helen of Troy
1358:34, no. 1/2 (2009), pp. 218 and 228.
1246:had piqued the public's interest in
1045:In his 1980 biography of Offenbach,
2941:Operas based on classical mythology
2401:M. Choufleuri restera chez lui le …
1896:Gänzl's Book of the Musical Theatre
890:. The score was heavily adapted by
862:Théâtre National de l'Opéra-Comique
85:. The piece parodies the story of
2318:Vent du soir, ou L'horrible festin
1099:is more than an elaborate copy of
529:, arrives with a missive from the
25:
751:The Austrian premiere was at the
726:Production in St Petersburg, 1868
36:La Belle Hélène de Constantinople
2883:
2882:
2866:
2852:
2791:(conversation alsacienne) (1863)
2461:La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
2225:La chatte métamorphosée en femme
2087:
1994:
1167:, Rémy Corazza, Jacques Martin,
719:
704:
116:Background and first performance
1952:Offenbach: Sa vie et son oeuvre
1540:42, no. 4 (1990), pp. 455–467.
910:in 1963 and was revived at the
27:1864 opéra-bouffe in three acts
1972:Operetta: A Theatrical History
1799:'Helen!' at the Opera House",
815:Royal Victoria Theatre, Sydney
768:Helen, or Taken From the Greek
555:Paris arrives, disguised as a
1:
2781:(chinoiserie musicale) (1855)
1850:. London: Faber & Faber.
1210:Notes, references and sources
971:, Paris (2000 and 2015), the
858:Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens
563:kings under the direction of
73:in three acts, with music by
1739:, 24 December 1864, pp. 6–7.
1454:Gänzl and Lamb, pp. 286–287.
2951:Operas by Jacques Offenbach
2614:La permission de dix heures
2298:Le financier et le savetier
1898:. London: The Bodley Head.
1820:, 3 October 2000, p. T2.22.
1583:, 6 February 1932, p,. 212.
1179:under Gunter Wagner (1978).
850:Théâtre de la Gaîté-Lyrique
770:opened in June 1866 at the
762:In London an adaptation by
2972:
2501:La princesse de Trébizonde
1803:, 28 December 1931, p. 11.
1654:A Zany Kickoff for Season"
1622:, 17 December 1995, p. 61.
1268:Cardus evidently excepted
992:Opéra national de Lorraine
29:
2846:
2771:(légende bretonne) (1855)
2694:La fille du tambour-major
2338:Apothicaire et perruquier
2205:Une demoiselle en loterie
2013:Score for Le belle Hélène
1911:Gaye, Freda, ed. (1967).
1872:. London: Omnibus Press.
1687:The Independent on Sunday
1600:, 3 November 1995, p. 13.
1049:writes that the music of
844:'s 1931 Berlin production
840:as Hélène and Ménélas in
492:and the shores of the sea
473:
289:son of King Priam of Troy
2594:Monsieur et Madame Denis
2215:Le mariage aux lanternes
1950:Martinet, André (1887).
1913:Who's Who in the Theatre
1752:, 8 August 1868, p. 549.
1594:"Arts: 'La Belle Helene"
870:Aix-en-Provence Festival
864:(1983 and 1985) and the
100:The premiere was at the
2956:Stefan Zweig Collection
1801:The Manchester Guardian
1761:"Music and the Drama",
1724:The Dallas Morning News
1580:Illustrated London News
1571:The Manchester Guardian
1554:"I love Paris... Opera"
1542:(subscription required)
1507:"St. James's Theatre",
1494:"St. James's Theatre",
1377:(subscription required)
1304:(subscription required)
872:staged a production by
714:in the title role, 1876
615:Introduction and chorus
2931:French-language operas
2737:Le voyage dans la lune
2584:La chanson de Fortunio
2185:La rose de Saint-Flour
1765:, 18 July 1868, p. 90.
1689:, 9 April 2006, p. 19.
1660:, 28 June 1996, p. 1E.
1639:, 25 June 1994, p. C6.
1569:"Troy Without Tears",
1341:Kracauer, pp. 244–245.
1201:Libretto in WikiSource
1177:Opéra national du Rhin
1139:(version given at the
1133:Marie-Ange Todorovitch
981:Grand Théâtre de Tours
924:English National Opera
845:
519:
307:high priest of Jupiter
223:
162:
48:
2143:Bouffonnerie musicale
2083:The Tales of Hoffmann
2003:at Wikimedia Commons
1709:, 11 May 2001, p. 62.
1511:, 12 July 1873, p. 4.
1498:, 13 July 1868, p. 3.
1271:The Tales of Hoffmann
1197:- a 1951 Swedish film
957:Lyric Opera Cleveland
832:
746:Juliette Simon-Girard
511:
317:Pierre-Eugène Grenier
221:
160:
58:French pronunciation:
46:
2858:List of compositions
2815:Le malade imaginaire
2788:Lischen et Fritzchen
2381:Geneviève de Brabant
2328:Mesdames de la Halle
2275:Pierrette et Jacquot
1726:31 July 2003, p. 9b.
1637:Akron Beacon Journal
1532:Senelick, Laurence.
1485:, 2 July 1866, p. 2.
1135:. Musical direction
908:Sadler's Wells Opera
868:(1986). In 1999 the
517:Théâtre des Variétés
376:King of the Locrians
181:Théâtre des Variétés
102:Théâtre des Variétés
93:, which set off the
2654:La jolie parfumeuse
2411:Le pont des soupirs
1937:. New York: Knopf.
1929:Kracauer, Siegfried
1783:Faris, pp. 121–122.
1748:"Mdlle Schneider",
1648:Rosenberg, Donald.
1633:"Updating 'Helene'"
1598:The Financial Times
1538:The Theatre Journal
1481:"Adelphi Theatre",
1432:Faris, pp. 138–139.
1296:"Orphée aux enfers"
1141:Théâtre du Châtelet
969:Théâtre du Châtelet
945:New York City Opera
753:Theater an der Wien
536:to the high priest
390:Calchas's attendant
222:Léa Silly as Oreste
171:essay on the work,
146:, co-librettist of
140:The Capture of Troy
67:The Beautiful Helen
62:[labɛlelɛn]
2481:L'île de Tulipatan
2235:Un mari à la porte
1737:Le Journal amusant
1698:McQuillen, James.
1631:Guregian, Elaine.
1373:Grove Music Online
1369:"Belle Hélène, La"
1350:Breckbill, Anita.
1300:Grove Music Online
1243:Journal des débats
1190:Poire belle Hélène
1153:, Charles Burles,
1024:Le Journal amusant
1018:Critical reception
846:
776:St James's Theatre
520:
426:Hortense Schneider
224:
185:Hortense Schneider
163:
89:'s elopement with
49:
2898:
2897:
2872:List of operettas
2799:
2798:
2521:Madame l'archiduc
2471:Le château à Toto
2451:La vie parisienne
2421:Bavard et bavarde
2371:Orphée aux enfers
2308:La bonne d'enfant
2255:Il signor Fagotto
2152:Les deux aveugles
2136:Other stage works
2055:Jacques Offenbach
1999:Media related to
1981:978-1-138-13892-6
1968:Traubner, Richard
1879:978-0-7119-0257-2
1857:978-0-571-11147-3
1848:Jacques Offenbach
1814:"La Belle Helene"
1795:Cardus, Neville.
1750:The Musical World
1718:Cantrell, Scott.
1670:"La belle Hélène"
1577:at the Adelphi",
1470:"La belle Hélène"
1414:Kracauer, p. 249.
1405:Kracauer, p. 246.
1332:Kracauer, p. 244.
1101:Orphée aux enfers
1087:. More recently,
1034:The Musical World
979:(both 2014), the
757:Die schöne Helena
495:Time: Before the
480:
479:
469:Mlle. C. Renault
462:Helen's attendant
368:Edouard Hamburger
325:King of Phthiotis
281:Jean-Laurent Kopp
241:Jacques Offenbach
237:17 December 1864,
127:Orphée aux enfers
75:Jacques Offenbach
30:For the medieval
16:(Redirected from
2963:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2839:
2829:
2819:
2805:Incidental music
2792:
2782:
2772:
2751:
2741:
2731:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2638:
2628:
2618:
2608:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2545:
2541:Maître Péronilla
2535:
2525:
2515:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2342:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2245:Daphnis et Chloé
2239:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2166:
2156:
2140:
2128:
2125:Manuel Rosenthal
2120:Gaîté Parisienne
2114:
2092:
2091:
2077:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2025:
1998:
1985:
1963:
1954:. Paris: Dentu.
1946:
1924:
1907:
1883:
1861:
1844:Faris, Alexander
1830:
1829:Traubner, p. 43.
1827:
1821:
1812:Milnes, Rodney.
1810:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1759:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1658:The Plain Dealer
1646:
1640:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1590:
1584:
1567:
1561:
1558:The Sunday Times
1550:
1544:
1543:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1512:
1509:The Morning Post
1505:
1499:
1492:
1486:
1483:The Morning Post
1479:
1473:
1466:
1455:
1452:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1396:Martinet, p. 50.
1394:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1365:
1359:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1292:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1205:
1155:Gabriel Bacquier
1129:François le Roux
1093:Richard Traubner
1022:The reviewer in
990:(2015), and the
989:
953:Ohio Light Opera
937:The Sunday Times
932:La belle Vivette
898:under the title
874:Herbert Wernicke
866:Théâtre de Paris
807:New York Theatre
799:Théâtre Français
784:Alhambra Theatre
744:, and 1899 with
723:
708:
455:Mlle. Gabrielle
341:son of Agamemnon
226:
64:
59:
32:chanson de geste
21:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2880:
2864:
2850:
2842:
2832:
2822:
2812:
2795:
2785:
2775:
2765:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2711:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2624:Robinson Crusoé
2621:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2548:
2538:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2431:La belle Hélène
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2288:Opérette bouffe
2282:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2131:
2117:
2108:
2095:
2080:
2070:
2057:
2052:
2001:La Belle Hélène
1992:
1982:
1966:
1949:
1927:
1910:
1886:
1880:
1864:
1858:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1811:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:Gammond, p. 81.
1773:
1769:
1760:
1756:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1717:
1713:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1652:La Belle Helene
1647:
1643:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1592:Hoyle, Martin.
1591:
1587:
1568:
1564:
1552:Canning, Hugh.
1551:
1547:
1541:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1453:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1366:
1362:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1203:
1186:
1173:Michel Trempont
1121:Michel Sénéchal
1109:
1097:La belle Hélène
1059:La belle Hélène
1055:Alexander Faris
1051:La belle Hélène
1029:La belle Hélène
1020:
983:
977:Opéra de Toulon
973:Opéra d'Avignon
965:
949:Karan Armstrong
912:London Coliseum
888:Jarmila Novotna
860:(1976) and the
854:Théâtre Mogador
834:Jarmila Novotná
827:
819:La belle Hélène
811:Lillian Russell
788:Royalty Theatre
786:(1873) and the
772:Adelphi Theatre
740:, in 1890 with
734:La belle Hélène
731:
730:
729:
728:
727:
724:
716:
715:
709:
698:
693:
668:
637:
612:
607:
605:Musical numbers
598:
589:
513:Albert Brasseur
506:
485:
418:Queen of Sparta
360:King of Salamis
333:Alexandre Guyon
238:
236:
216:
197:Henri Rochefort
177:La belle Hélène
144:Hector Crémieux
118:
110:La belle Hélene
57:
53:La belle Hélène
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:La Belle Hélène
15:
12:
11:
5:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Opéras bouffes
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2820:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2773:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2727:Le roi Carotte
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2303:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2260:
2250:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2146:
2144:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2078:
2073:Die Rheinnixen
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2015:on archive.org
2010:
1991:
1990:External links
1988:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1964:
1947:
1925:
1908:
1884:
1878:
1866:Gammond, Peter
1862:
1856:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1822:
1805:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1754:
1741:
1728:
1711:
1691:
1681:Picard, Anna.
1674:
1662:
1641:
1624:
1611:
1602:
1585:
1562:
1545:
1525:
1523:Gaye, p. 1359.
1513:
1500:
1487:
1474:
1456:
1434:
1425:
1423:Faris, p. 134.
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1367:Lamb, Andrew.
1360:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1323:Faris, p. 112.
1316:
1307:
1294:Lamb, Andrew.
1286:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1261:
1252:
1229:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1162:
1159:Michel Plasson
1144:
1137:Marc Minkowski
1125:Laurent Naouri
1108:
1105:
1077:Johann Strauss
1073:Neville Cardus
1064:Die Fledermaus
1019:
1016:
1008:Santa Fe Opera
1004:Portland Opera
964:
961:
916:Scottish Opera
892:Erich Korngold
826:
823:
780:Gaiety Theatre
742:Jeanne Granier
725:
718:
717:
710:
703:
702:
701:
700:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
667:
664:
663:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
611:
608:
606:
603:
597:
594:
588:
585:
505:
502:
501:
500:
493:
484:
481:
478:
477:
471:
470:
467:
464:
457:
456:
453:
452:mezzo-soprano
450:
443:
442:
439:
436:
429:
428:
423:
422:mezzo-soprano
420:
413:
412:
409:
406:
399:
398:
395:
392:
385:
384:
381:
378:
371:
370:
365:
362:
355:
354:
349:
343:
336:
335:
330:
327:
320:
319:
314:
309:
302:
301:
296:
291:
284:
283:
278:
275:
273:King of Sparta
268:
267:
262:
257:
245:
244:
235:Premiere cast,
233:
230:
215:
212:
136:Ludovic Halévy
117:
114:
83:Ludovic Halévy
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2968:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2704:Belle Lurette
2700:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2684:Madame Favart
2680:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2554:Opéra comique
2551:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2531:Le docteur Ox
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:The Athenaeum
1758:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:The Oregonian
1704:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:Gänzl, Kurt.
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:Jessye Norman
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Felicity Lott
1111:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:Rodney Milnes
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:Peter Gammond
1043:
1041:
1040:
1039:The Athenaeum
1035:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:Felicity Lott
997:
996:Laurent Pelly
993:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
962:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
938:
933:
929:
928:Michael Frayn
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:A. P. Herbert
893:
889:
885:
884:Max Reinhardt
881:
879:
876:described by
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
843:
842:Max Reinhardt
839:
835:
831:
824:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:Stadt Theater
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:F. C. Burnand
760:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
722:
713:
707:
695:
690:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
669:
665:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
638:
634:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
609:
604:
602:
595:
593:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
528:
524:
518:
514:
510:
503:
498:
494:
491:
487:
486:
482:
476:
472:
468:
465:
463:
459:
458:
454:
451:
449:
445:
444:
440:
437:
435:
431:
430:
427:
424:
421:
419:
415:
414:
410:
407:
405:
401:
400:
396:
393:
391:
387:
386:
382:
379:
377:
373:
372:
369:
366:
363:
361:
357:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
342:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
326:
322:
321:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
304:
303:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
286:
285:
282:
279:
276:
274:
270:
269:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
255:
254:King of Kings
250:
247:
246:
242:
234:
231:
228:
227:
220:
213:
211:
209:
208:
202:
198:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:
159:
155:
153:
152:Henri Meilhac
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:Second Empire
129:
128:
123:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
87:Helen of Troy
84:
80:
79:Henri Meilhac
77:and words by
76:
72:
68:
63:
55:
54:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2888:Compositions
2881:
2865:
2851:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2786:
2776:
2768:Le violoneux
2766:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2717:Opéra féerie
2702:
2692:
2682:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2632:
2622:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2572:
2562:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2511:Les brigands
2509:
2499:
2491:La Périchole
2489:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2454:(1866, 1873)
2449:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2351:Opéra bouffe
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2273:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2160:
2150:
2118:
2109:
2081:
2071:
1993:
1971:
1951:
1933:
1912:
1895:
1869:
1847:
1825:
1817:
1808:
1800:
1779:
1770:
1762:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1714:
1706:
1694:
1686:
1677:
1665:
1657:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1627:
1620:The Observer
1619:
1614:
1605:
1597:
1588:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1548:
1537:
1528:
1508:
1503:
1496:The Standard
1495:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1372:
1363:
1356:Music in Art
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1299:
1290:
1269:
1264:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1195:Sköna Helena
1169:Jules Bastin
1100:
1096:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1012:Susan Graham
1006:(2001), and
966:
963:21st century
955:(1994), and
947:(1976) with
942:
935:
931:
899:
882:
852:(1919), the
847:
825:20th century
818:
802:
792:
782:(1871), the
767:
761:
756:
750:
733:
732:
696:19th century
686:Finale – All
599:
590:
554:
521:
474:
461:
447:
441:Mlle. Alice
433:
417:
404:a blacksmith
403:
389:
375:
359:
340:
324:
306:
288:
272:
265:Henri Couder
252:
239:(Conductor:
205:
201:Jules Vallès
193:
176:
166:
164:
147:
139:
125:
119:
109:
99:
71:opéra bouffe
66:
52:
51:
50:
40:
31:
2911:1864 operas
2759:Other types
2747:Whittington
2604:Les bergers
2441:Barbe-bleue
2265:Pomme d'api
2111:Le papillon
1892:Andrew Lamb
1888:Gänzl, Kurt
1238:Jules Janin
1204:(in French)
1165:Jane Rhodes
1117:Yann Beuron
1069:Tchaikovsky
984: [
904:Evelyn Laye
902:, starring
448:a courtesan
434:a courtesan
432:Parthénis,
402:Euthyclès,
388:Philocome,
299:José Dupuis
232:Voice type
207:Barbe-bleue
173:Andrew Lamb
2905:Categories
2778:Ba-ta-clan
2123:(arranged
1282:References
1107:Recordings
1061:(although
920:John Wells
878:Kurt Gänzl
838:Hans Moser
738:Anna Judic
712:Anna Judic
497:Trojan War
397:M. Videix
95:Trojan War
2916:Agamemnon
2674:La créole
2664:Bagatelle
2634:Vert-Vert
1970:(2016) .
1943:639465598
1904:966051934
1870:Offenbach
1818:The Times
1151:John Aler
1143:in 2000).
1095:writes: "
1010:starring
914:in 1975.
671:Entr'acte
640:Entr'acte
565:Agamemnon
525:, son of
460:Bacchis,
411:M. Royer
383:M. Andof
380:baritone
374:Ajax II,
352:Léa Silly
348:or tenor
323:Achille,
305:Calchas,
271:Ménélas,
249:Agamemnon
189:Léa Silly
2818:(1851/2)
2644:Fantasio
2564:L'alcôve
2175:Opérette
1931:(1938).
1894:(1988).
1868:(1980).
1846:(1980).
1184:See also
1085:Sullivan
1014:(2003).
959:(1996).
856:(1960),
790:(1878).
691:Revivals
577:Menelaus
573:Achilles
557:shepherd
483:Synopsis
466:soprano
438:soprano
416:Hélène,
358:Ajax I,
339:Oreste,
260:baritone
122:operetta
69:) is an
2391:Barkouf
2101:Ballets
2086:(1881)
1960:3574954
1921:5997224
1837:Sources
1240:of the
805:at the
766:titled
550:Minerva
538:Calchas
531:goddess
488:Place:
408:spoken
394:spoken
346:soprano
287:Pâris,
165:In the
2838:(1852)
2828:(1852)
2750:(1874)
2740:(1875)
2730:(1872)
2707:(1880)
2697:(1879)
2687:(1878)
2677:(1875)
2667:(1874)
2657:(1873)
2647:(1872)
2637:(1869)
2627:(1867)
2617:(1867)
2607:(1865)
2597:(1862)
2587:(1861)
2577:(1853)
2574:Pépito
2567:(1847)
2544:(1878)
2534:(1877)
2524:(1874)
2514:(1869)
2504:(1869)
2494:(1868)
2484:(1868)
2474:(1868)
2464:(1867)
2444:(1866)
2434:(1864)
2424:(1862)
2414:(1861)
2404:(1861)
2394:(1860)
2384:(1859)
2374:(1858)
2364:(1857)
2341:(1861)
2331:(1858)
2321:(1861)
2311:(1856)
2301:(1856)
2278:(1876)
2268:(1873)
2258:(1863)
2248:(1860)
2238:(1859)
2228:(1858)
2218:(1857)
2208:(1857)
2198:(1856)
2188:(1856)
2165:(1856)
2155:(1855)
2076:(1864)
2063:Operas
1978:
1958:
1941:
1919:
1902:
1876:
1854:
1575:Helen!
1248:Orphée
922:, and
569:Trojan
490:Sparta
446:Lœna,
364:tenor
329:tenor
277:tenor
148:Orphée
34:, see
2195:Le 66
1215:Notes
1081:Auber
988:]
900:Helen
755:, as
666:Act 3
635:Act 2
610:Act 1
596:Act 3
587:Act 2
581:Crete
561:Greek
542:Helen
534:Venus
527:Priam
523:Paris
504:Act 1
294:tenor
229:Role
214:Roles
168:Grove
106:Paris
91:Paris
1976:ISBN
1956:OCLC
1939:OCLC
1917:OCLC
1900:OCLC
1874:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1083:and
975:and
836:and
548:and
546:Juno
312:bass
199:and
187:and
81:and
930:as
104:in
2907::
1890:;
1816:,
1788:^
1722:,
1705:,
1685:,
1656:,
1635:,
1596:,
1556:,
1536:,
1516:^
1459:^
1437:^
1371:,
1354:,
1298:,
1171:,
1149:,
1131:,
1127:,
1123:,
1119:,
1115:,
1079:,
986:fr
951:,
748:.
552:.
251:,
243:)
97:.
65:,
2127:)
2047:e
2040:t
2033:v
1984:.
1962:.
1945:.
1923:.
1906:.
1882:.
1860:.
1797:"
1701:"
1650:"
1161:.
499:.
56:(
38:.
20:)
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