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561:... The word lacquer derives, in fact, from the Sanskrit 'Laksha' and has the same meaning as the Hindi word 'Lakh' which signifies one-hundred thousand ... enormous number of those parasitical insects which infest the plants Acacia catecu, Ficus and Butea frondosa ... great quantity of reddish colored resinous substance ... used in ancient times in India and other parts of Asia very widely ...
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628:... Along with valuable woods from the East, the ancients imported lac, a resinous incrustation produced on certain trees by the puncture of the lac insect. In India, lac was used as sealing wax, dye and varnish ... Sanskrit, laksha; Hindi, lakh; Persian, lak; Latin, lacca. The Western word "lacquer" is derived from this term ...
181:) is a native of India and grows in profusion, generally planted as avenue trees by the forest department. It is renowned for its shade and is well known in traditional uses for its medicinal properties. It is also grown as a host plant for lac insects. The tree is also one of the food plants for common cerulean (
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goes back to ancient times. It was used in ancient India and neighbouring areas as wood finish, skin cosmetic, lacquerware and dye for wool and silk. In China, it is a traditional dye for leather goods. Lac for dye has been somewhat replaced by the emergence of synthetic dyes, though it remains in
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representing the number 100 thousand, which was used for both the lac insect (because of their enormous number) and the scarlet resinous secretion it produces that was used as wood finish, lacquerware, skin cosmetic, ornaments and dye for wool and silk in ancient India and neighbouring areas. Lac
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In the mid-1950s, India annually produced about 50,000 tons of sticklac and exported about 29,000 tons of lac; by the late 1980s the figures were about 12,000 tons and 7,000 tons, respectively. By 1992–93, India's lac exports fell further to 4,500 tons. In the same period, Thailand's production
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Lac is harvested by cutting the tree branches that hold sticklac. If dye is being produced, the insects are kept in the sticklac because the dye colour comes from the insects rather than their resin. They may be killed by exposure to the sun. On the other hand, if seedlac or shellac is being
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Cultivation begins when a farmer gets a stick that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infested. Thousands of lac insects colonize the branches of the host trees and secrete the resinous pigment. The coated branches of the host trees are cut and harvested as
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increased somewhat, with annual lac exports of around 7,000 tons in the 1990s, mainly of seedlac. China exported only about 500 tons of shellac per year in the 1990s but produced more lac internally: 4,000-5,000 tons of sticklac and 2,000–3,000 tons of shellac in
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India exported significant amounts of sticklac derivatives, especially lac dye, from the 1700s to the late 1800s. Production declined as synthetic dyes emerged, and after the late 1940s, production of seedlac and shellac also declined due to replacement.
596:... Shellac, a natural resin secreted by the scaly lac insect, has been used in India for centuries as a decorative coating for surfaces. The word lacquer in English is derived from the Sanskrit word laksha. which means one hundred thousand ...
660:... The word "lacquer" itself stems from the term "Laksha", from the pre-Christian, sacred Indian language Sanskrit, and originally referred to shellac, a resin produced by special insects ("lac insects") from the sap of an Indian fig tree ...
672:
Iwasa, S, 1997. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. In
Faridah Hanum, I. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (Eds.): Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 11. Auxiliary Plants. Prosea Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. pp.
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also. Kand 5 and Sukta 5 (chapter 5, verse 5) is called as Laksha Sukti - verse related to lac. This entire verse is dedicated to lac and its usage. It has description of many ancient practices.
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The harvested sticklac is crushed and sieved to remove impurities. The sieved material is then repeatedly washed to remove insect parts and other material. The resulting product is known as
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788:"Department of Post (DOP) Special Campaign 2.0 | Post Office (DOP) Decided to Discontinue the use of sealing wax and replace with recyclable seals"
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300:. The bugs' life cycles can produce two sticklac yields per year, though it may be better to rest for six months to let the host tree recover.
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province. While India, Thailand, and China are the major lac producers, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka also play small roles.
495:– A product that was at one time made from lac, but in modern common usage now refers to a separate product with similar properties.
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resin was once imported in sizeable quantity into Europe from India along with
Eastern woods. These were being used very widely.
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use, and some juices, carbonated drinks, wine, jam, sauce, and candy are coloured using it. It is still used as
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Institute of Natural Resins and Gums - IINRG, formerly Indian Lac Research Institute - ILRI
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368:. This type of lac was used in the finishing of 18th-century fowling guns in the United States.
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is a traditional form of lacquerware from Sri Lanka which is made from shellac derived from Lac.
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refers to its pellet shape. Seedlac, which still contains 3–5% impurity, is processed into
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Resin secreted by the female lac bug on trees is processed and sold as dry flakes.
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530:. Project-Based Masters Thesis, University of Oslo. p. 27
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Non-Wood Forest
Products 4: Natural colourants and dyestuffs
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can be cultivated on either cultivated or wild host plants.
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Brock, Thomas; Groteklaes, Michael; Mischke, Peter (2000).
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Estimated yields per tree in India are 6–10 kg for
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Donald
Frederick Lach, Edwin J. Van Kley (1994-02-04),
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is the resinous secretion of a number of species of
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393:province, with additional, smaller production in
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580:Polyurethanes: coatings, adhesives and sealants
380:Processed shellac flakes from lac insect resin.
225:) (reported to give the best quality and yield)
612:Asia in the making of Europe, Volume 2, Book 1
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230:In Thailand the most common host plants are
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555:The art of dyeing in the history of mankind
47:, of which the most commonly cultivated is
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198:In India the most common host plants are:
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253:In China the common host plants include
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694:Green, C. L. (1995). "5: Insect Dyes".
577:Ulrich Meier-Westhues (November 2007),
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1145:List of crop plants pollinated by bees
615:, University of Chicago Press, 1971,
506:– A protective coating made from lac.
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85:The leading producer of lac is
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1343:Decline in insect populations
936:List of insect-inspired songs
749:Flinn, Angel (15 Aug 2011).
401:Description in ancient texts
466:Paratachardina pseudolobata
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1373:Pesticide toxicity to bees
1353:List of endangered insects
751:"Shellac & Food Glaze"
644:European coatings handbook
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552:Franco Brunello (1973),
458:Paratachardina decorella
1240:Insect bites and stings
1217:Drosophila melanogaster
1130:Biological pest control
723:Derry, Juliane (2012).
523:Derry, Juliane (2012).
461:– the rosette lac scale
1305:Rats, Lice and History
469:– the lobate lac scale
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818:at Wikimedia Commons
453:– the true lac scale
292:, 1.5–6 kg for
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1348:Habitat destruction
1100:Insects in religion
213:Ziziphus mauritiana
1421:Insects portal
1393:Insects and humans
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1034:Bees in mythology
943:Insects on stamps
814:Media related to
704:on 12 August 2011
654:978-3-87870-559-8
622:978-0-226-46730-6
590:978-3-87870-334-1
372:Production levels
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354:anti-obesity drug
178:Millettia pinnata
175:Pongam or honge (
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959:Fishing bait
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755:Gentle World
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1445:Animal dyes
1384:Categories,
1363:Insecticide
1194:Sericulture
1165:Royal jelly
1090:Flea circus
1080:Entomophagy
1014:Cantharidin
1009:Spanish fly
984:In medicine
964:Fly fishing
895:In the arts
429:Lakshagriha
419:Atharvaveda
335:sealing wax
233:Rain tree (
121:, parts of
99:Maharashtra
95:West Bengal
45:lac insects
1434:Categories
1403:Pesticides
1140:Bee pollen
1135:Beekeeping
1117:entomology
1060:Biomimicry
992:Apitherapy
952:In fishing
907:Beetlewing
888:in culture
793:2023-08-23
511:References
360:and other
339:India Post
304:Harvesting
273:In Mexico
167:Host trees
137:See also:
103:Bangladesh
1455:Kerriidae
1386:templates
1358:Pesticide
974:Fly tying
405:Usage of
143:The word
133:Etymology
87:Jharkhand
1326:Concerns
1278:Pioneers
1255:Woodworm
1160:Propolis
1115:Economic
1002:Melittin
997:Apitoxin
830:Archived
673:227-229.
481:See also
437:Pandavas
433:Kauravas
322:"Laksha"
266:Hibiscus
160:(लाक्षा)
149:Sanskrit
111:Thailand
59:sticklac
1250:Bed bug
1232:insects
1230:Harmful
1206:Shellac
1150:Beeswax
1105:Jingzhe
885:insects
881:Aspects
874:insects
786:Admin.
504:Shellac
493:Lacquer
487:Carmine
443:Species
366:alcohol
362:varnish
337:by the
268:species
219:Kusum (
139:Lacquer
119:Vietnam
107:Myanmar
75:shellac
66:seedlac
1450:Resins
1189:Kermes
1184:Chitin
1177:Polish
760:3 July
734:3 July
708:3 July
651:
619:
587:
534:3 July
415:laksha
395:Fujian
391:Yunnan
358:violin
201:Dhak (
127:Mexico
125:, and
97:, and
1155:Honey
872:with
728:(PDF)
528:(PDF)
348:as a
290:kusum
210:Ber (
154:lāksh
151:word
123:China
1199:Silk
762:2014
736:2014
710:2014
649:ISBN
617:ISBN
585:ISBN
536:2014
352:and
313:Uses
298:dhak
115:Laos
70:seed
883:of
816:Lac
411:lah
407:lac
330:dye
294:ber
145:lac
41:Lac
1436::
753:.
678:^
657:.
625:,
593:,
569:^
544:^
187:).
129:.
117:,
113:,
109:,
105:,
93:,
82:.
61:.
53:.
1318:)
1314:(
1308:)
1302:(
862:e
855:t
848:v
796:.
764:.
738:.
712:.
538:.
413:/
409:/
282:)
262:)
248:)
239:)
216:)
207:)
158:'
156:ā
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