Lake Champlain - Knowledge

813: 2336: 121: 905: 1380: 595: 1369: 2073: 2068:) operated trains over this causeway from 1901 to 1961, with the last passenger train operating in 1953. The railroad was officially abandoned in 1963, with tracks and trestles removed over the course of the ten years that followed. The marble tailings and granite rock causeway still remains, as does the fixed iron trestle that bridges the lesser of the two gaps. The swing bridge over the navigation channel was removed in the early 1970s. 1283: 1391: 1210:"I know of no better method than to secure the important posts of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and by building a number of armed vessels to command the lakes, otherwise the forces now in Canada will be brought down upon us as quick as possible, having nothing to oppose them...They will doubtless try to construct some armed vessels and then endeavor to penetrate the country toward New York." (Brigadier General 1097: 105: 5973: 6564: 934: 1605:, contained a line declaring Lake Champlain to be a Great Lake. This status enabled its neighboring states to apply for additional federal research and education funds allocated to these national resources. However, following a small uproar, the Great Lake status was rescinded on March 24 (although New York and Vermont universities continue to receive funds to monitor and study the lake). 2225: 1867: 1200: 1958: 654: 2111:) over the lake just south of the US 2 vehicular bridge. The iron swing bridge at the center (over the navigation channel) has been removed. Most of the wooden pilings remain, greatly deteriorated, and can be seen looking south from the US 2 bridge. Part of the trestle on the Rouses Point side has been converted for use as an access pier associated with the local marina. 1538: 128: 2397: 1048:) to control passage on the lake in colonial times. Important battles were fought at Ticonderoga in 1758 and 1775. During the Revolutionary War, the British and Americans conducted a frenetic shipbuilding race through the spring and summer of 1776, at opposite ends of the lake, and fought a significant naval engagement on October 11 at the 2964: 2479: 1107:

The necessity of controlling the two forts at Ticonderoga and Crown Point placed Lake Champlain as a strategic arena during the Revolutionary War. By taking control of these forts, Americans not only gained heavy artillery, but control of a vast water highway as well: Lake Champlain provided a direct

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In 2001, scientists estimated that farming contributed 38% of the phosphorus runoff. By 2010, results of environmentally-conscious farming practices, enforced by law, had made a positive contribution to lake cleanliness. A federally-funded study was started to analyze this problem and to arrive at a

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allowing the soldiers to maintain their siege of the city. However, smallpox descended on both the sieging forces and their reinforcements and savaged the American force. The reinforcements traveled hundreds of miles up the frozen Lake Champlain and St. Lawrence River, but were too late and too few

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In 2007, Vermont banned phosphates for dishwasher use starting in 2010. This will prevent an estimated 2–3 short tons (1.8–2.7 t) from flowing into the lake. While this represents 0.6% of the phosphate pollution, it took US$ 1.9 million to remove the pollutant from treated wastewater: an

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To reduce phosphorus runoff to this part of the lake, Vermont and Quebec agreed to reduce their inputs by 60% and 40%, respectively, by an agreement signed in 2002. While agricultural sources (manure and fertilizers) are the primary sources of phosphorus (about 70%) in the Missisquoi basin, runoff

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Despite the strategic advantage of controlling a direct route to Quebec by way of the Champlain Valley, the American siege of British Canada during the winter of 1775 failed. The Continental Army mistakenly assumed that it would receive support from the Canadians upon their arrival at Quebec. This

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While the old bridge was being demolished and the new one constructed, Lake Champlain Transportation Company operated a free, 24-hour ferry from just south of the bridge to Chimney Point, Vermont, at the expense of the states of New York and Vermont, at a cost to the states of about $ 10 per car.

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in the lake since 1985 or earlier. Lampreys are native to the area, but have expanded in population to such an extent that they wounded nearly all lake trout in 2006, and 70–80% of salmon. The use of pesticides against the lamprey has reduced their damage to other fish to 35% of salmon and 31% of

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team. A Vermont Historical Society publication recounts the story and offers possible explanations for accounts of the so-called monster: "floating logs, schools of large sturgeon diving in a row, or flocks of blackbirds flying close to the water". In 2022, it was reported that a feature dramatic

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had 2.5 ft (0.76 m) jaws with sharp and dangerous teeth. Native Americans claimed to have seen similar monsters 8 to 10 ft (2.4 to 3.0 m) long. This mysterious creature is likely the original Lake Champlain monster. The monster has been memorialized in sports teams' names and

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Both British and American forces spent the summer of 1776 building their naval fleets, at opposite ends of Lake Champlain. By the October 1776, the Continental Army had 16 operating naval vessels on Lake Champlain: a great increase to the four small ships they had at the beginning of the summer.

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In 2002, the cleanup plan noted that the lake had the capacity to absorb 120 short tons (110 t) of phosphorus each year. In 2009, a judge noted that 240 short tons (218 t) were still flowing in annually: more than twice what the lake could handle. Sixty municipal and industrial sewage

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After a long day of combat, the American fleet was in worse shape than the experienced British Navy. Upon ceasefire, Arnold called a council of war with his fellow officers, proposing to escape the British fleet via rowboats under the cover of night. As the British burned Arnold's flagship, the

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population, now classified as a nuisance species because they take so much of the lake fish, ranged from 14,000 to 16,000. A Fish and Wildlife commissioner said that the ideal population would be about 3,300, amounting to 7.8/sq mi (3/km). Cormorants had disappeared from the lake (and all

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The Continental Army realized the strategic advantage of controlling Lake Champlain, as it leads directly to the heart of Quebec. Immediately after taking Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point, the Americans began planning an attack on British Canada. The American siege of Quebec was a two-pronged

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It is the thirteenth-largest lake by area in the US. Approximately 490 sq mi (1,269 km) in area, the lake is 107 mi (172 km) long and 14 mi (23 km) across at its widest point, and has a maximum depth of approximately 400 ft (120 m). The lake varies

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Following the failed British campaign led by General Burgoyne, the British still maintained control over the Champlain waterway for the duration of the Revolutionary War. The British used the Champlain waterway to supply raids across the Champlain Valley from 1778 to 1780, and Lake Champlain

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In 2008, the EPA expressed concerns to the State of Vermont that the lake's cleanup was not progressing fast enough to meet the original cleanup goal of 2016. The state, however, cites its Clean and Clear Action Plan as a model that will produce positive results for Lake Champlain.

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The approaching winter of 1776–1777 restricted British movement along the recently controlled Lake Champlain. As the British abandoned Crown Point and returned to Canada for the winter, the Americans reduced their garrisons in the Champlain Valley from 13,000 to 2,500 soldiers.

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In 2009, the bridge had been used by 3,400 drivers per day, and driving around the southern end of the lake added two hours to the trip. Ferry service was re-established to take some of the traffic burden. On December 28, 2009, the bridge was destroyed by a controlled

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of the United States contiguous with Canada. Unlike the other cases, highway bridges across the lake provide direct access to the Alburgh peninsula from within the United States (from three directions), but Province Point is still accessible by land only through Canada.

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Now called Colchester Park, the main 3-mile (5 km) causeway has been adapted and preserved as a recreation area for cyclists, runners and anglers. Two smaller marble tailings and granite rock landfill causeways were also erected as part of this line that connected

1243:, on Lake Champlain. American General Benedict Arnold established the location, as it provided the Continental fleet with a natural defensive position. The British and American vessels engaged in combat for much of the day, only stopping due to impending nightfall. 2934: 1655:

inputs to Lake Champlain, reduce toxic contamination, minimize the risks to humans from water-related health hazards and control the introduction, spread, and impact of non-native nuisance species to preserve the integrity of the Lake Champlain ecosystem.

1309:. Burgoyne's army reached Fort Ticonderoga and Mount Independence in late June, 1777. During the night of July 5, the American forces fled Ticonderoga as the British took control of the fort. However, Burgoyne's southern campaign did not go uncontested. 1503:": an unnamed fortification built at the northernmost end of Lake Champlain to protect against attacks from British Canada. Its nickname came from a surveying error: the initial phase of construction on the fort turned out to be taking place on a point 2176:, a project to use the lake to bring ocean-going ships from New York City to Montreal, was proposed in the late 19th century and considered as late as the 1960s, but rejected for various reasons. The lake is also part of the 740-mile (1,190 km) 1934:. The US 2-VT 78 route technically runs from the New York mainland to an extension of the mainland between two arms of the lake and then to the Vermont mainland, but it provides a direct route across the two main arms of the lake's northern part. 2489:

Coast Guard Station Burlington provides "Search and Rescue, Law Enforcement and Ice Rescue services 24 hours a day, 365 days a year". Services are also provided by local, state and federal governments bordering on the lake, including the

1433:, in 1787. Following the war, Barnes worked as a road surveyor; he also established an inn and trading post in Charlotte, along the main trade route from Montreal down Lake Champlain. Barnes' stagecoach inn was built in traditional 1230:

officers, British seamen and Hessian artillerymen manned the British fleet on Lake Champlain. By the end of the summer of 1776, the opposing armies were prepared to battle over the strategic advantage of controlling Lake Champlain.

1093:, on Lake Champlain, were known to have ample supplies of artillery and were weakly-manned by the British. Thus, the colonial militias devised a plan to take control of the two forts and bring the guns back to the fight in Boston. 1421:

had a dooryard garden, typical of mid-19th century New England village homes, and his experience settling in the Champlain Valley depicts the industries and lifestyles surrounding Lake Champlain following the Revolutionary War.

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of 1842, the Canada–U.S. border was adjusted northward to include the strategically important site of "Fort Blunder" on the US side. In 1844, work was begun to replace the remains of the 1812-era fort with a massive new

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was almost destroyed, the Americans gained a strategic victory; the British invasion was delayed long enough so the approach of winter prevented the fall of these forts until the following year. In this period, the

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rail trestle. Built in the same manner as at Rouses Point, it crosses the lake just south of Missisquoi Bay and the Canada–U.S. border, within yards south of the Vermont Route 78 bridge. It is still in use by the

1513: mi (1.2 km) north of the Canada–U.S. border. Once this error was spotted, construction was abandoned. Locals scavenged materials used in the abandoned fort for use in their homes and public buildings. 769:

Parts of the lake freeze each winter, and in some winters the entire lake surface freezes, referred to as "closing". In July and August, the lake temperature reaches an average of 70 °F (21 °C).

1324:. At Freeman's Farm, Burgoyne's army suffered its final defeat and ended its invasion south into the colonies. Ten days later, on October 17, 1777, British General Burgoyne surrendered his army at 697:. The Champlain basin collects waters from the northwestern slopes of the Green Mountains and the eastern portion of the Adirondack Mountains, reaching as far south as the 32 mi-long (51 km) 1254:

The following morning, the British learned of the Americans' escape and set out after the fleeing Continental vessels. On October 13, the British fleet caught up to the struggling American ships near

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The federal and state governments originally budgeted US$ 18 million for lake programs for 2010. This was later supplemented by an additional US$ 6.5 million from the federal government.

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commanded the American naval fleet on Lake Champlain, which was composed of volunteers and soldiers drafted from the Northern Army. With great contrast to the Continental navy, experienced

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was one of the first companies to call upon the brand-new agency, because it was being pressured by both New York and Vermont with regard to a discharge of pollution into Lake Champlain.

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A pollution prevention, control and restoration plan for Lake Champlain was first endorsed in October 1996 by the governors of New York and Vermont and the regional administrators of the

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style, with 10 fireplaces, a ballroom on the interior and a wraparound porch on the outside. In 1800, Continental Army Captain Benjamin Harrington established a distillery business in

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With the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783, the British naval fleet on Lake Champlain retreated up to St. John's. However, British troops garrisoned at Fort Dutchman's Point (

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valleys. Travelers found it easier to journey by boats and sledges on the lake rather than go overland on unpaved and frequently mud-bound roads. The lake's northern tip at

2890: 2454:, featuring a 2,000 ft (610 m) natural sand beach, swimming, canoe and kayak rentals, food concession, picnic grounds and a play area. At 226 acres (91 ha), 7025: 1694:

from developed land and suburbs is estimated to contribute about 46% of the phosphorus runoff basin-wide to Lake Champlain, and agricultural lands contributed about 38%.

1457:, fought on September 11, 1814. This ended the final British invasion of the northern states during the War of 1812. It was fought just prior to the signing of the 6976: 6638: 2859: 7298: 7213: 5200: 3179: 3019: 1651:

and its partners at the state, provincial, federal and local levels. Renowned as a model for interstate and international cooperation, its primary goals are to reduce

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On February 19, 1932, boats were able to sail on Lake Champlain. It was the first time that the lake was known to be free of ice during the winter at that time.

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near the New York shore, was built in 1871; it was manned by a full-time lightkeeper until 1930, making it one of the last lighthouses to be manned on the Lake

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colonies, thus forcing the Continental Army into a separated fight on multiple fronts. Lake Champlain provided Burgoyne with protected passage deep into the

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Despite concerns about pollution, Lake Champlain is safe for swimming, fishing and boating. It is considered a world-class fishery for salmonid species (

1328:. This defeat was instrumental to the momentum of the Revolutionary War, as the defeat of the British army along the Champlain-Hudson waterway convinced 4477: 3771: 3708: 1441:, which supplied his nearby inn. These individual accounts shed light on the significance of Lake Champlain during the post-Revolutionary War period. 7228: 4774: 4287: 1580: 7263: 4752: 840:) traditional territories. The official toponym for the lake, according to the orthography established by the Grand Council of Wanab-aki Nation, is 4257: 3249: 6600: 6456: 120: 4514: 3855: 6814: 5826: 3948: 3824: 1818: 1717:) and bass. About 81 fish species live in the lake, and more than 300 bird species rely on it for habitat and as a resource during migrations. 4600: 3749: 1900: 1871: 1740:

Vermont Water Resources Board, which hired a water quality expert in 2008 to write water quality standards and create wetland protection rules

6172: 5228: 4441: 2997: 2791: 2650: 2483: 1973: 1962: 179: 7218: 6451: 5275: 5175: 5090: 4578: 2107:, rail trestle. From sometime in the late 19th century until 1964, this wooden trestle carried two railroads (the Rutland Railroad and the 1946: 1794:

are also considered a nuisance, and measures have been taken to reduce their population. Authorities are trying to encourage the return of

4358: 6837: 5155: 4804: 3915: 1838:, the southernmost tip of a small promontory approximately 2 acres (1 ha) in size a few miles to the northeast of the community of 1383: 6714: 3118: 2734: 7238: 7048: 6901: 5954: 5195: 5100: 2470:

features campsites, picnic areas, a nature center and a swimming pool. Burlington's Waterfront Park is a revitalized industrial area.

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In 1909, 65,000 people celebrated the 300th anniversary of the French discovery of the lake. Attending dignitaries included President

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was not the case, and the rebel army struggled to take Quebec with diminishing supplies, support, and harsh northern winter weather.

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is a cast-iron lighthouse that dates from 1846; in 1954, it was deactivated and replaced by a steel tower; it is privately owned

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The Swanton-Alburgh trestle spans Lake Champlain between the two Vermont towns: a distance of about 0.8 mi (1.3 km).

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The Alburgh Peninsula (also known as the Alburgh Tongue), extending south from the Quebec shore of the lake into Vermont, and

1579:. This bridge lasted until December 2009. Severe deterioration was found, and the bridge was demolished and replaced with the 5919: 5260: 5190: 5135: 5037: 2867: 2620: 2431:, which park grounds have hiking and cross country skiing trails and a public beach; and Ausable Point Campground within the 2405: 1301:

led 8,000 troops from Canada, down Lake Champlain and into the Champlain Valley. The goal of this invasion was to divide the

1140: 959: 804:; slightly younger reefs are found at the Fisk Quarry, and the youngest (the famous coral reefs) are in fields to the north. 4867: 4027: 3157: 4411: 3877: 2041:. It was abandoned in 1918, due to a number of accidents which resulted in locomotives and rail cars falling into the lake. 7058: 7053: 6446: 5756: 5363: 5255: 5125: 5120: 3998: 3395: 2495: 1144: 527:. There are recreational facilities in the park and along the relatively undeveloped coastline of the lake. The cities of 3938:"EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus and some of his closest aides recall the opening months of the new agency in 1970" 3908:"EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus and some of his closest aides recall the opening months of the new agency in 1970" 2701: 1743: 1517: 1401:

Eager to take back control of Lake Champlain following the end of the Revolutionary War, Americans flocked to settle the

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to influence a successful siege of Quebec. In May 1776, with the arrival of a British convoy carrying 10,000 British and

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invasion route to British Canada. However, had the British controlled the lake, they could have divided the colonies of

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Lake Champlain drains nearly half of Vermont, and approximately 250,000 people get their drinking water from the lake.

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led the first assault up the Champlain Valley into Canada, while Benedict Arnold led a second army to Quebec via the

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shared the command with Allen, and, in early May 1775, they captured Fort Ticonderoga, Crown Point and the southern

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and lake cruise ships, they were of substantial commercial and military importance in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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5 ft (1.5 m) long, as thick as a man's thigh, with silver-gray scales a dagger could not penetrate. The

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The Continental Army was forced to camp outside Quebec's walls for the winter, with reinforcements from New York,

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since the canal's official opening on September 9, 1823, the same day as the opening of the Erie Canal from

1847: 1842:, are connected by land to the rest of the state only via Canada. This is a distinction shared with the state of 1795: 797: 4965: 2519: 1196:

troops to Canada, the Continental forces retreated back down the Champlain Valley to reevaluate their strategy.

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Benedict Arnold's Navy: The Ragtag Fleet that Lost the Battle of Lake Champlain But Won the American Revolution

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Three roadways cross the lake, two connecting New York and Vermont and one connecting two towns in New York:

1835: 1647:(EPA). In April 2003, the plan was updated, and Quebec signed on to it. The plan is being implemented by the 7208: 6906: 6755: 6409: 6323: 6193: 6188: 6178: 6145: 6140: 6130: 6125: 6080: 5977: 5816: 5811: 5781: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5711: 5696: 5681: 5664: 5624: 5614: 5554: 5544: 5529: 5453: 5303: 5265: 2115: 2030: 1938: 1931: 1211: 963: 948: 3719: 2367:, on the northern end of the island, was originally red, but faded to pink over time; it is privately owned 1926:, in the town of Alburgh, before continuing south along a chain of islands toward Burlington. To the east, 7103: 7035: 6998: 6934: 6586: 6544: 6426: 6313: 6120: 5848: 5833: 5801: 5674: 5649: 5604: 5013: 4989: 4896: 4782: 4314: 2344: 2261: 2169: 2104: 1919: 1892: 1752: 1349: 1100: 904: 820:

The lake has long acted as a border between indigenous nations, much as it is today between the states of

520: 392: 4760: 6944: 6881: 6404: 6233: 6163: 6100: 6001: 5599: 5467: 5435: 3241: 2992: 2844: 2503: 2463: 2377: 2354: 2205: 2173: 2034: 1998: 1903:, which was closed in 2009 because of severe structural problems that could have resulted in a collapse. 1896: 1839: 1623: 1454: 1434: 1090: 1086: 1041: 1026: 724: 662: 634: 623: 536: 528: 413: 261: 218: 52: 4466:(Map) (23rd ed.). 1:40,000. Washington, D.C.: National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration. 1992. 2232:

Lake Champlain contains roughly 80 islands, three of which comprise four entire Vermont towns (most of

863:), meaning "door of the country" or "lake to the country". The lake is an important eastern gateway to 4544: 7118: 7005: 6534: 6476: 6392: 6303: 6243: 5924: 5444: 5348: 5283: 5218: 5130: 4929: 4522: 3851: 2546: 2499: 2467: 2413: 2370: 1017:, Quebec (known as St. John in colonial times under British rule) is just 25 miles (40 km) from 1006: 885: 864: 837: 674: 619: 3937: 1341:

permitted direct transportation of supplies from the British posts at the northern end of the lake.

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bypassing rapids on the river since 1843. Together with these waterways, the lake is part of the

2157: 1980: 1568: 1473: 1438: 1430: 1414: 1287: 1255: 1161: 752: 686: 211: 38: 1913:. A new bridge was rapidly constructed by a joint state commitment, opening on November 7, 2011. 1461:, and the American victory denied the British any leverage to demand exclusive control over the 1368: 1085:; however, this undertaking could not be achieved without heavy artillery. The British forts at 4570: 2536: 594: 7171: 7095: 6993: 6956: 6922: 6886: 6869: 6621: 6483: 6263: 6213: 6062: 5939: 5449: 5288: 4615: 3505: 3147: 3013: 2409: 2241: 2014: 1972:

North of Ticonderoga, New York, the lake widens appreciably; ferry service is operated by the

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in the 1940s and 1950s, which made their eggs more fragile and reduced breeding populations.

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Page, Candace (July 9, 2009). "Sewage: Judge sides with CLF, throws out Montpelier permit".

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Four significant railroad crossings were built over the lake. As of 2021, only one remains.

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The Continental Army's first offensive action took place in May 1775, three weeks after the

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Updating the Lake Champlain Basin Land Use Data to Improve Prediction of Phosphorus Loading

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to the east. Aids to navigation on the Canadian portion of the lake are maintained by the

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There are a number of parks in the Lake Champlain region, in both New York and Vermont.

1417:. Dutton emigrated in 1782 and worked as a surveyor, town official and toll-road owner. 1282: 7129: 7108: 6568: 6466: 6318: 6253: 5949: 5909: 5506: 5439: 3554: 2348: 2266: 2057: 1731: 1687: 1675: 1671: 1240: 786: 740: 720: 716: 708: 285: 275: 254: 234: 230: 222: 1239:

On October 11, 1776, the British and American naval fleets met on the western side of

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Page, Candace (July 6, 2010). "Lake Champlain cleanup effort focuses on Rock Rive6".

4033: 3979: 3034: 2675: 2558: 2459: 2323: 2165: 1942: 1683: 1598: 1576: 1572: 1406: 1313: 1298: 1294: 1184: 1180: 998: 833: 801: 748: 556: 489: 250: 157: 4666: 4644: 2957:"National Water Information System: Surface-Water Monthly Statistics for the Nation" 1686:, commonly called blue-green algae, in the northeastern part of the lake: primarily 1635:, was in the works about a young orphan girl and her grandfather looking for Champ. 1096: 104: 7152: 7113: 6719: 5959: 5323: 5165: 4258:"Wildlife Watch: Long-term effort underway to restore Champlain Valley floodplains" 3425: 2404:

All active navigational aids on the American portion of the lake are maintained by

2149: 2061: 1799: 1727:, which in 2002 appointed a "lakekeeper" who reviews the state's pollution controls 1679: 1614: 1594: 1550: 1522: 1500: 1176: 1010: 1005:

times, Lake Champlain was used as a water (or, in winter, ice) passage between the

759: 732: 579: 246: 2757: 2612: 2387:, near a natural boundary of the territory between the Mohawk and Algonquin tribes 1553:

system, allowing north–south commerce by water from New York City to Montreal and

1425:

Similar to the experience of Salmon Dutton, former colonial militia Major General

816:

Brooklyn Museum – Green Mountains, Lake Champlain – Winckworth Allan Gay – overall

3141: 6724: 5393: 5378: 5343: 4419: 4122: 3885: 3403: 3342:

The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy

3291:

The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy

1590: 1493: 1466: 1462: 1450: 1302: 1188: 1124: 1109: 933: 874: 744: 736: 602:

The Champlain Valley is the northernmost unit of a landform system known as the

348: 242: 4009: 2224: 1866: 1749:

Clean and Clear, an agency of the Vermont state government, established in 2004

1199: 1052:. While it was a tactical defeat for the Americans, and the small fleet led by 6847: 6017: 5388: 5053: 4099:

Baird, Joel Banner (June 26, 2010). "Detergents must soon be phosphate free".

2531: 2137: 1910: 1710: 1652: 1357: 1227: 994: 783: 560: 535:, are on the lake's western and eastern shores, respectively, and the town of 485: 3509: 3058: 2458:

contains camping facilities, a sand volleyball court, a nature walk trail, a

855:, meaning "a bulged lake" or "lake with a bulge in it". An alternate name is 194: 181: 17: 7147: 5686: 5539: 4085: 3551:"1909 Champlain Tercentenary Celebration of the Discovery of Lake Champlain" 3496:

DZIUBAN, STANLEY W. (1968). "FORT BLUNDER: A Vignette of American History".

3143:

A Topographical Description of the Dominions of the United States of America

2690:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 830–831. 1957: 1855: 1780: 793: 653: 642: 2396: 2048:, a marble tailings and granite rock landfill causeway that stretched from 1537: 1160:

assault and occurred throughout the winter of 1775–1776. Brigadier General

515:

The New York portion of the Champlain Valley includes the eastern parts of

4464:

Lake Champlain New York – Vermont: Cumberland Head to Four Brothers Island

629:

Lake Champlain is one of numerous large lakes scattered in an arc through

5644: 5403: 4353: 3975:

Monitoring and Evaluation of Cyanobacteria in Lake Champlain: Summer 2006

2064:

that could be opened to allow boats to pass. The Rutland Railroad (later

2045: 1627: 1564:, along with representatives from France, Canada and the United Kingdom. 1025:(Skenesborough in revolutionary times) is 23 miles (37 km) north of 1018: 917: 694: 630: 493: 4875: 4737: 4704: 4515:"Four Brothers Islands a haven for a variety of birds » Local News" 3517: 2357:, which operated until 1934, is an historic stone lighthouse located on 1755:, a non-profit group which focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem health. 1720:

By 2008, at least seven institutions were monitoring lake water health:

6529: 6524: 6519: 6021: 3825:"Indiegogo campaign starts for Champ movie 'Lucy and the Lake Monster'" 2589: 1930:

runs from an intersection with US 2 in Alburgh through East Alburgh to

1764: 1575:

dedicated the first bridge to span the lake, built from Crown Point to

829: 825: 670: 611: 501: 212: 153: 4998: 4905: 2478: 2446:

There are various parks along the lake on the Vermont side, including

2228:

At sunset, looking west from Grand Isle to Plattsburgh and Crab Island

539:, is in the southern part of the region. The Quebec portion is in the 262: 6891: 6729: 6609: 5904: 5736: 4962: 4917: 1843: 1814: 1329: 1151:

in 1775, the American forces controlled the Lake Champlain waterway.

1082: 871: 607: 586:, Lake Champlain is sometimes referred to as "The Sixth Great Lake". 509: 165: 161: 5022: 2891:"Lack of ice cover might be affecting the ecology of Lake Champlain" 1746:, which in 2007 appointed a "lake czar" to oversee pollution control 5986: 4211:

Page, Candace (July 11, 2010). "Cutting the cormorant population".

6578: 2395: 2334: 2223: 2071: 1536: 1389: 1378: 1367: 1281: 1270:; however, they no longer controlled the Lake Champlain waterway. 1198: 1165: 1095: 903: 893: 811: 652: 593: 3683:

Vermont Lake Monsters, The Official Site of Minor League Baseball

2339:

The lighthouse in Lake Champlain at dusk, as seen from Burlington

1597:

signed Senate Bill 927. This bill, which was led by U.S. Senator

657:

Lake Champlain in Burlington Harbor during sunset on May 27, 2012

551:. There are a number of islands in the lake; the largest include 2679: 2052:(on the mainland) three mi (4.8 km) north and west to 1499:

Following the War of 1812, the U.S. Army began construction on "

641:

seasonally from about 95 to 100 ft (29 to 30 m) above

6582: 5990: 5026: 5010: 4986: 3827:. No. Front Page. Sun Community News. February 25, 2022. 3772:"Champ to get top billing in 'Lucy and the Lake Monster' film" 3428:. Saratoga Springs, New York: New York State Military Museum. 3324:

Thrust for Canada: The American Attempt on Quebec in 1775–1776

1807: 1785: 1768:

lake trout. The goal was 15% of salmon and 25% of lake trout.

1678:

is the primary source of excess phosphorus, which exacerbates

927: 30:

This article is about the lake. For the Canadian steamer, see

4893: 4174:

Page, Candace (January 22, 2009). "Lamprey wounds decrease".

2784:"Lake Champlain Lake Level – King St. Ferry Dock (1977–2006)" 800:. The oldest reefs are around "The Head" of the south end of 751:

rivers, along with Putnam Creek. In Quebec, it is fed by the

3999:"Missisquoi Bay Phosphorus Reduction Agreement, August 2002" 2212:, respectively. The fourth-largest community is the town of 1251:, to the east, the Americans rowed past the British lines. 457: 2056:. Two breaks in the causeway were spanned by a fixed iron 681:, drained northward by the 106 mi-long (171 km) 439: 4926: 2482:

Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife boat docked near

1874:

between New York and Vermont, demolished in December 2009

1682:

in Lake Champlain. The most problematic blooms have been

442: 4115:""Lake Champlain Basin Atlas: Plants and Animals", 2004" 1698:

plants discharge processed waste from the Vermont side.

1262:. The depleted Continental army escaped on land back to 1029:

on the Hudson River and 70 miles (110 km) north of

851:

name in modern orthography, as standardized in 1993, is

4950: 4938: 3402:. Alburgh, Vermont: Lake Champlain Life. Archived from 723:

rivers, along with Lewis Creek, Little Otter Creek and

4064:

EPA scolds state on efforts to clean up Lake Champlain

3382:

Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War

2506:

Marine Detail, and Vermont Fish and Wildlife wardens.

924:

on the coasts of the lake according to 1739 surveying.

880:, who encountered it in July 1609. While the ports of 4357:. Associated Press. December 28, 2009. Archived from 3852:"Search for Champ with 'Lucy & the Lake Monster'" 1001:

settlers and built forts to defend the waterways. In

469: 460: 4610:. 1998. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. 570:

Because of Lake Champlain's connections both to the

454: 451: 7094: 7034: 6921: 6868: 6783: 6742: 6702: 6629: 6620: 6492: 6368: 6342: 6222: 6154: 6071: 6040: 5895: 5857: 5520: 5422: 5274: 5209: 5076: 3629:"Geography – Lake Champlain, The Sixth Great Lake?" 2728:"Physiographic divisions of the conterminous U. S." 2443:, with a campground, city beach and sports fields. 1545:In the early 19th century, the construction of the 1356:), on Lake Champlain, did not leave until the 1796 448: 445: 405: 377: 373: 365: 357: 347: 339: 331: 323: 315: 307: 299: 295: 284: 274: 260: 210: 171: 145: 62: 1626:and Champ, the mascot of the state's minor league 997:allocated concessions all along Lake Champlain to 3039:. Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. 2380:, there is a privately owned, historic lighthouse 1891:has crossed the lake's southern part, connecting 1817:designated the area around Lake Champlain as the 1613:In 1609, Samuel de Champlain wrote that he saw a 1589:Lake Champlain briefly became the nation's sixth 1541:A 1902 photograph of Fort Henry at Lake Champlain 1147:. As a result of Allen's offensive attack on the 912:, from Fort de Chambly up to Fort St-Fréderic in 633:, in Canada, the northern United States, and the 4620:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4412:"Ferry At Champlain Bridge Set To Start Running" 172: 4637:"A Tour of the Historic Lake Champlain Islands" 2427:Those on the New York side of the lake include 1135:and retrieve supplies for the fight in Boston. 109:Photo of Lake Champlain taken in August of 2007 4032:. Lake Champlain Basin Program. Archived from 3242:"History of Lake Champlain: Revolutionary War" 2013:Ferry, connecting Ticonderoga, New York, with 828:. The lake is located at the frontier between 614:, US, to the south. The Champlain Valley is a 7294:Bodies of water of Grand Isle County, Vermont 7279:Bodies of water of Chittenden County, Vermont 6594: 6002: 5038: 4288:"Wikimapia – Let's describe the whole world!" 3799:"Lead sought for "Lucy and the Lake Monster"" 2840:"State seeks dismissal of phosphorus lawsuit" 2613:"Lake Champlain – lake, Canada-United States" 2400:USCG, Burlington, Vermont – main installation 1645:United States Environmental Protection Agency 8: 4206: 4204: 3178:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3018:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2561:, post-glacial predecessor to Lake Champlain 2037:, was operated by the Addison Branch of the 1529:. Portions of this fort are still standing. 707:The lake is fed in Vermont by the LaPlatte, 7289:Bodies of water of Franklin County, Vermont 4724: 4722: 4338:NYT article of December 12, 2009 (page A12) 3746:"Champ to star in new book and film series" 3658: 3656: 3654: 2986:Mehrtens, Charlotte, Professor of Geology. 2704:. Lake Champlain Committee. March 2, 2017. 962:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 892:, today are primarily used by small craft, 37:. For US Naval vessels with this name, see 7284:Bodies of water of Rutland County, Vermont 7274:Bodies of water of Addison County, Vermont 6927: 6874: 6789: 6748: 6626: 6601: 6587: 6579: 6009: 5995: 5987: 5045: 5031: 5023: 3140:Hyde, Bruce & Pownall, Thomas (1976). 2383:Split Rock Lighthouse is located south of 2254:North Hero Island, containing the town of 1312:On October 7, 1777, American General 900:Colonial America and the Revolutionary War 59: 4751:Canadian Coast Guard (December 9, 2009). 3801:. No. Front Page. Press Republican. 3533:My Turn: Get ready to celebrate the 400th 3033:Hyde, Bruce; Huden, John Charles (1962). 2136:Lake Champlain has been connected to the 982:Learn how and when to remove this message 4809:New York State, Division of State Police 3396:"Lake Champlain Historic Military Sites" 3308:. Syracuse University Press. p. 74. 3275:. Syracuse University Press. p. 66. 2670: 2668: 2477: 1987:(may not travel when the lake is frozen) 1956: 1865: 1409:and other New England colonies, such as 7299:Tributaries of the Saint Lawrence River 7214:Biosphere reserves of the United States 4918:Lake Champlain Community Sailing Center 4701:NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation 4215:. Burlington, Vermont. pp. 1C, 8C. 3667:. Woodstock, Vermont: Countryman Press. 3344:. Indiana University Press. p. 23. 3306:The Iroquois in the American Revolution 3293:. Indiana University Press. p. 47. 3273:The Iroquois in the American Revolution 2937:from the original on September 22, 2020 2794:from the original on September 24, 2015 2601: 2244:, the largest, containing the towns of 1763:Biologists have been trying to control 4613: 3774:. Adirondack Almanack. March 7, 2022. 3171: 3011: 2967:from the original on November 17, 2017 2961:U.S. Geological Survey (USGS 04294500) 2931:U.S. Geological Survey (USGS 04294500) 2708:from the original on December 28, 2022 2607: 2605: 2260:Isle La Motte, containing the town of 1819:Champlain-Adirondack Biosphere Reserve 1061:gained strength and was victorious at 622:, which in turn is part of the larger 280:8,234 sq mi (21,326 km) 127: 4894:ECHO, Leahy Center for Lake Champlain 4545:"Geographic Names Information System" 4382:"Bridge is costly, but ferry is more" 4237:from the original on November 5, 2016 4078:"Vermont Clean and Clear Action Plan" 3954:from the original on October 11, 2016 3918:from the original on October 11, 2016 3797:McKinstry, Lohr (November 14, 2021). 3689:from the original on January 25, 2018 3467: 3465: 3449: 3447: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3335: 3333: 3317: 3315: 3284: 3282: 3252:from the original on January 25, 2018 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3121:from the original on October 20, 2020 3091:from the original on January 19, 2021 2737:from the original on December 5, 2007 1974:Lake Champlain Transportation Company 1937:In the southern section of the lake, 1659:Senior staff who helped organize the 7: 7259:Lakes of Washington County, New York 7234:International lakes of North America 4478:"State Rail & Policy Plan, 2006" 4392:from the original on August 11, 2018 4315:"Vital bridge at Crown Point closed" 4313:McKinstry, Lohr (October 17, 2009). 4294:from the original on August 26, 2011 4146:Lake Champlain gets another watchdog 3486:'s Hat and Fragrance Textile Gallery 2963:. Lake Champlain at Burlington, VT. 2933:. Lake Champlain at Burlington, VT. 2408:, along with those on international 1947:Dresden, Washington County, New York 1806:, which disappeared during the time 1320:, met Burgoyne's army at the Second 960:adding citations to reliable sources 27:Lake in New York, Vermont and Quebec 4869:Bloom: the Plight of Lake Champlain 4730:"USCG: Station Burlington, Vermont" 4581:from the original on March 13, 2017 4144:Page, Candace (December 14, 2008). 4026:Troy A.; Wang D.; Capen D. (2007). 3858:from the original on April 23, 2022 3850:Hartwig, Melissa (April 15, 2022). 3778:from the original on April 21, 2022 3752:from the original on April 28, 2022 3432:from the original on August 3, 2020 3160:from the original on August 4, 2020 2927:"National Water Information System" 2889:Sutkoski, Matt (January 22, 2012). 2017:, just north of the historic fort. 2009:The most southerly crossing is the 1744:Vermont Agency of Natural Resources 1476:have been named after this battle: 523:. Most of this area is part of the 369:95 to 100 ft (29 to 30 m) 319:514 sq mi (1,331 km) 5955:New York in the American Civil War 4677:from the original on April 5, 2016 4494:from the original on March 3, 2016 4444:from the original on March 3, 2021 4418:. January 31, 2010. Archived from 4227:"MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory" 4197:. Burlington, Vermont. p. 1A. 4163:. Burlington, Vermont. p. 1B. 4103:. Burlington, Vermont. p. 1A. 4051:. Burlington, Vermont. p. 4A. 3947:(Transcript ed.). p. 3. 2860:"2015 State of the Lake: Figure 5" 2848:. Burlington, Vermont. p. 1B. 2702:"Lake Look – The Sixth Great Lake" 2653:from the original on July 28, 2013 2623:from the original on July 11, 2015 1784:northern lakes) due to the use of 1405:. Many individuals emigrated from 1203:The Champlain Valley as seen from 1069:Beginning of the Revolutionary War 504:, but also extends north into the 343:6.2 cu mi (25.8 km) 25: 7269:Lakes of Clinton County, New York 4635:Millard, Jim (December 5, 2010). 4268:from the original on May 26, 2021 3831:from the original on May 15, 2022 3805:from the original on May 15, 2022 3744:O'Brien, Kelly (April 16, 2022). 3583:. August 26, 2010. Archived from 3458:Dutton House (Shelburne, Vermont) 3081:"Haudenosaunee Country in Mohawk" 3036:Indian Place Names of New England 3000:from the original on June 4, 2021 2090:, and spanned from North Hero to 2029:The "floating" rail trestle from 1941:crosses the South Bay connecting 1583:, which opened in November 2011. 1465:or territorial gains against the 6562: 5971: 5945:New York and New Jersey campaign 4703:. March 19, 2003. Archived from 4513:Meyers, Jeff (August 10, 2008). 4485:Vermont Agency of Transportation 4434:"Island Line Rail Trail History" 2838:Curran, John (August 11, 2010). 2001:(year-round icebreaking service) 1601:of Vermont and reauthorized the 1567:In 1929, then-New York Governor 1549:connected Lake Champlain to the 1525:masonry fortification, known as 1332:to ally with the American army. 1121:Battles of Lexington and Concord 932: 727:. In New York, it is fed by the 435: 126: 119: 103: 7264:Lakes of Essex County, New York 4963:Lake Champlain Quadricentennial 4736:. March 5, 2009. Archived from 4549:United States Geological Survey 4440:. Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. 4189:Page, Candace (July 24, 2010). 3977:. Lake Champlain Basin Program. 3635:. March 2, 1998. Archived from 3531:Hyde, Bruce (January 3, 2008). 1661:Environmental Protection Agency 1609:"Champ", Lake Champlain monster 364: 356: 346: 338: 330: 322: 314: 306: 298: 5920:History of slavery in New York 4951:Lake Champlain Maritime Museum 4757:Canadian Coast Guard – Marinfo 4571:"Cormorants on Lake Champlain" 4380:Reisman, Nick (May 18, 2010). 4256:Bendavid, Ike (May 25, 2021). 4119:Lake Champlain Management Plan 4062:Page, Candace (June 3, 2008). 4006:Lake Champlain Management Plan 3882:Lake Champlain Management Plan 3665:Lake Champlain: Key to Liberty 2406:Coast Guard Station Burlington 2292:Garden Island (Gunboat Island) 1077:, British forces occupied the 1021:, Quebec. The southern tip at 693:, northeast and downstream of 541:regional county municipalities 1: 2496:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 1918:To the north, US 2 runs from 1858:. All of these are practical 1492:and a cargo ship used during 1364:Post-Revolutionary War period 870:The lake was named after the 857:Kaniá:tare tsi kahnhokà:ronte 492:. It mostly lies between the 144: 6355:Green Mountain Film Festival 5011:Lake Champlain International 4939:Lake Champlain Basin Program 4906:Ethan Allen Homestead Museum 4066:. The Burlington Free Press. 3709:"Vermont's Very Own Monster" 2864:Lake Champlain Basin Program 2125:New England Central Railroad 1649:Lake Champlain Basin Program 920:map showing concessions and 610:, Canada, to the north, and 397: 7229:Canada–United States border 7219:Borders of New York (state) 5978:New York (state) portal 4877:Champlain: The Lake Between 4835:"Vermont Fish and Wildlife" 4191:"Lake scores $ 6.5 million" 3663:Hill, Ralph Nading (1976). 3364:. McGraw Hill Professional. 3326:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 3193:Countryman, Edward (2003). 2547:GPX (secondary coordinates) 2376:On Point Au Roche, part of 2178:Northern Forest Canoe Trail 1725:Conservation Law Foundation 1278:General Burgoyne's Campaign 859:(phonetic English spelling 7315: 7074:Notable people from Quebec 6432:Vermont Air National Guard 4980:December 16, 2017, at the 4932:February 27, 2021, at the 4927:Lake Champlain Basin Atlas 4923:March 11, 2014, at Wikiwix 4697:"Watchtowers on the Water" 3716:Vermont Historical Society 3599:"A surprise on every page" 3577:"Vermont History Timeline" 3553:. Hrmm.org. Archived from 3304:Graymont, Barbara (1975). 3271:Graymont, Barbara (1975). 3115:Lake Champlain Basin Atlas 2818:Lake Champlain Basin Atlas 2286:Burton Island (State Park) 1924:Grand Isle County, Vermont 1796:black-crowned night herons 1603:National Sea Grant Program 1155:Siege of Quebec: 1775–1776 606:, which stretches between 598:Sentinel-2 satellite photo 565:Grand Isle County, Vermont 422:not a well-defined measure 50: 46:Champlain (disambiguation) 29: 7239:Lakes of New York (state) 7165: 6930: 6877: 6820:Leaders of the Opposition 6792: 6751: 6558: 6028: 5968: 5935:Invasion of Canada (1775) 5064: 5016:October 16, 2020, at the 4975:International flood study 4911:January 11, 2010, at the 4889:Vermont Public Television 4734:United States Coast Guard 3985:January 23, 2009, at the 3537:The Burlington Free Press 3380:Ketchum, Richard (1997). 3340:Weigley, Russell (1977). 3289:Weigley, Russell (1977). 3212:Countryman (2003), p. 103 2647:Lake Champlain Land Trust 2585:List of rivers of Vermont 2542:GPX (primary coordinates) 2517:Map all coordinates using 2437:Cumberland Bay State Park 2429:Point Au Roche State Park 2210:South Burlington, Vermont 1887:Since November 2011, the 1848:Point Roberts, Washington 1779:In 2010, the estimate of 1633:Lucy and the Lake Monster 1131:, was ordered to capture 1112:and further depleted the 661:Lake Champlain is in the 419: 361:587 mi (945 km) 303:107 mi (172 km) 114: 102: 67: 6360:Strolling of the Heifers 5887:Census-designated places 5224:Administrative divisions 4887:Documentary produced by 4148:. Burlington Free Press. 2580:List of rivers of Quebec 2570:List of lakes of Vermont 2525:Download coordinates as: 2361:which is privately owned 2236:). The largest islands: 2109:Central Vermont Railroad 1737:Lake Champlain Committee 1518:Webster–Ashburton Treaty 1322:Battle of Freeman's Farm 1277: 1235:Battle of Valcour Island 1050:Battle of Valcour Island 1015:Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 626:physiographic division. 604:Great Appalachian Valley 335:400 ft (122 m) 327:64 ft (19.5 m) 51:Not to be confused with 5229:Congressional districts 5004:March 21, 2021, at the 4775:"Marine and Snowmobile" 3197:. Macmillan. p. 4. 3195:The American Revolution 2687:Encyclopædia Britannica 2575:List of New York rivers 2031:Larabees Point, Vermont 1939:New York State Route 22 1810:was being widely used. 1670:Agricultural and urban 1593:on March 6, 1998, when 758:It is connected to the 311:14 mi (23 km) 93: 6427:Vermont National Guard 4992:June 26, 2021, at the 4944:June 28, 2021, at the 4899:June 11, 2021, at the 4883:June 12, 2016, at the 3945:EPA Alumni Association 3912:EPA Alumni Association 3587:on September 11, 2011. 3360:Nelson, James (2006). 3322:Hatch, Robert (1979). 2866:. 2015. Archived from 2731:U.S. Geological Survey 2643:"Lake Champlain Facts" 2486: 2401: 2345:Bluff Point Lighthouse 2340: 2262:Isle La Motte, Vermont 2229: 2170:Lakes to Locks Passage 2105:Rouses Point, New York 2077: 1969: 1920:Rouses Point, New York 1875: 1753:The Nature Conservancy 1674:from the watershed or 1542: 1398: 1387: 1376: 1290: 1207: 1104: 925: 817: 658: 599: 481: 75: 44:. For other uses, see 7069:Language demographics 4999:Lake Champlain United 4740:on December 12, 2012. 4671:Lighthousefriends.com 4213:Burlington Free Press 4195:Burlington Free Press 4176:Burlington Free Press 4161:Burlington Free Press 4125:on September 26, 2010 4101:Burlington Free Press 4049:Burlington Free Press 4015:on February 26, 2012. 3973:Watzin, M.C. (2007). 3498:The Military Engineer 3400:lakechamplainlife.com 2993:University of Vermont 2898:Burlington Free Press 2870:on September 10, 2016 2845:Burlington Free Press 2537:GPX (all coordinates) 2504:New York State Police 2481: 2464:Button Bay State Park 2456:Grand Isle State Park 2399: 2378:Beekmantown, New York 2355:Cumberland Head Light 2338: 2227: 2206:Plattsburgh, New York 2174:Lake Champlain Seaway 2156:. It connects to the 2075: 2035:Ticonderoga, New York 1999:Plattsburgh, New York 1960: 1897:Crown Point, New York 1889:Lake Champlain Bridge 1869: 1840:East Alburgh, Vermont 1624:Vermont Lake Monsters 1581:Lake Champlain Bridge 1571:and Vermont Governor 1540: 1455:Battle of Plattsburgh 1393: 1382: 1371: 1285: 1202: 1127:, accompanied by 200 1099: 907: 890:Plattsburgh, New York 815: 663:Lake Champlain Valley 656: 635:Northwest Territories 620:Saint Lawrence Valley 616:physiographic section 597: 537:Ticonderoga, New York 529:Plattsburgh, New York 414:Plattsburgh, New York 291:Canada, United States 53:Champlain Trail Lakes 6815:Lieutenant Governors 6477:Stella quarta decima 5925:Province of New York 5284:Adirondack Mountains 4956:May 6, 2021, at the 4845:on December 15, 2005 4779:Vermont State Police 4647:on December 31, 2010 4551:. feature ID 1456692 4487:. 2006. p. 20. 4361:on December 31, 2009 4319:The Press Republican 3888:on September 6, 2015 3087:. February 4, 2015. 3085:The Decolonial Atlas 3061:on February 10, 2010 2500:Vermont State Police 2414:Canadian Coast Guard 2371:Juniper Island Light 1663:in 1970 recall that 1073:At the start of the 1036:Forts were built at 956:improve this section 886:Port Henry, New York 865:Iroquois Confederacy 838:Iroquois Confederacy 675:Adirondack Mountains 7254:Lakes of Montérégie 7143:Saint-Jean-Baptiste 7059:Demographic history 6797:Electoral districts 6703:Historic identities 6457:Tourist attractions 6437:Vermont State Guard 5877:Indian reservations 5369:St. Lawrence Seaway 5201:Tourist attractions 4785:on October 16, 2015 4667:"Isle La Motte, VT" 4525:on January 22, 2009 3581:historicvermont.org 3146:. Ayer Publishing. 2448:Sand Bar State Park 2365:Isle La Motte Light 2256:North Hero, Vermont 2250:South Hero, Vermont 2202:Burlington, Vermont 2182:Old Forge, New York 2054:South Hero, Vermont 1991:Grand Isle, Vermont 1967:Grand Isle, Vermont 1665:International Paper 1622:mascots, e.g., the 1562:William Howard Taft 1354:Champlain, New York 1346:North Hero, Vermont 1256:Split Rock Mountain 1129:Green Mountain Boys 882:Burlington, Vermont 878:Samuel de Champlain 691:Sorel-Tracy, Quebec 572:St. Lawrence Seaway 533:Burlington, Vermont 410:Burlington, Vermont 349:Residence time 191: / 7224:Borders of Vermont 7044:Indigenous peoples 6830:National Assembly 6802:Executive Council 6715:Province of Quebec 6639:Prehistory to 1533 6569:Vermont portal 6350:Vermont State Fair 5930:Stamp Act Congress 5299:Catskill Mountains 4968:2009-07-03 at the 4036:on March 13, 2009. 3914:(Video ed.). 2907:on October 3, 2016 2617:www.britannica.com 2492:U.S. Border Patrol 2487: 2402: 2392:Aids to navigation 2341: 2230: 2180:, which begins in 2158:St. Lawrence River 2078: 1981:Charlotte, Vermont 1970: 1899:. It replaced the 1876: 1569:Franklin Roosevelt 1543: 1439:Shelburne, Vermont 1431:Charlotte, Vermont 1415:Cavendish, Vermont 1399: 1388: 1386:, Shelburne Museum 1377: 1375:, Shelburne Museum 1291: 1288:Charlotte, Vermont 1268:Mount Independence 1218:, June 24, 1776). 1208: 1162:Richard Montgomery 1105: 926: 861:Caniaderi Guarunte 853:Kaniatarakwà:ronte 818: 792:that extends from 743:, Little Ausable, 687:St. Lawrence River 659: 600: 94:Kaniatarakwà:ronte 7196: 7195: 7161: 7160: 7137:La Belle Province 6917: 6916: 6864: 6863: 6838:Political parties 6810:General elections 6779: 6778: 6738: 6737: 6576: 6575: 6452:Tallest buildings 6173:metropolitan area 6063:Northeast Kingdom 5984: 5983: 5940:Saratoga campaign 5289:Allegheny Plateau 4872:(PBS film series) 4753:"BalisageAutomne" 4641:Historiclakes.org 4422:on July 19, 2011. 4088:on June 14, 2012. 3725:on April 20, 2012 3639:on April 23, 2013 3474:'s Stagecoach Inn 3055:Abenakination.org 2681:"Champlain" 2462:and a play area. 2410:Lake Memphremagog 2317:Providence Island 2242:South Hero Island 2234:Grand Isle County 2015:Shoreham, Vermont 1804:great blue herons 1792:Ring-billed gulls 1706:EPA requirement. 1595:President Clinton 1336:Aftermath of 1777 1307:American colonies 1216:George Washington 1075:Revolutionary War 1046:Fort St. Frederic 992: 991: 984: 545:Le Haut-Richelieu 506:Canadian province 428: 427: 366:Surface elevation 16:(Redirected from 7306: 7249:Lakes of Vermont 7181: 7174: 7084:English-speaking 7049:Census divisions 6928: 6875: 6856: 6855:(administrative) 6833: 6805: 6790: 6749: 6710:Colony of Canada 6627: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6580: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6462:Vermont Republic 6204:South Burlington 6048:Champlain Valley 6011: 6004: 5997: 5988: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5399:Thousand Islands 5364:Ridge and Valley 5354:Niagara Frontier 5334:Hudson Highlands 5329:Holland Purchase 5314:Champlain Valley 5309:Central New York 5294:Capital District 5047: 5040: 5033: 5024: 4987:Shelburne Museum 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4841:. Archived from 4831: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4815:on June 21, 2011 4811:. Archived from 4801: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4781:. Archived from 4771: 4765: 4764: 4763:on May 13, 2011. 4759:. Archived from 4748: 4742: 4741: 4726: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4707:on July 28, 2011 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4643:. Archived from 4632: 4626: 4625: 4619: 4611: 4605: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4577:. July 3, 1996. 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4521:. Archived from 4519:Press-Republican 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4493: 4482: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4208: 4199: 4198: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4121:. Archived from 4111: 4105: 4104: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4084:. Archived from 4074: 4068: 4067: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4008:. Archived from 4003: 3995: 3989: 3981:Abstract online 3978: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3953: 3942: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3884:. Archived from 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3748:. WCAX-TV. CBS. 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3724: 3718:. Archived from 3713: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3660: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3605:. Archived from 3603:Barton Chronicle 3595: 3589: 3588: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3557:on April 3, 2009 3547: 3541: 3540: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3493: 3487: 3484:Shelburne Museum 3481: 3475: 3472:Shelburne Museum 3469: 3460: 3454:Shelburne Museum 3451: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3377: 3366: 3365: 3357: 3346: 3345: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3319: 3310: 3309: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3286: 3277: 3276: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3238: 3213: 3210: 3199: 3198: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3177: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3111:"Lake Champlain" 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3057:. Archived from 3047: 3041: 3040: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3017: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2906: 2900:. Archived from 2895: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2814:"Lake Champlain" 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2758:"LAKE CHAMPLAIN" 2753: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2683: 2672: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2609: 2310:Carleton's Prize 2186:Fort Kent, Maine 2120:Alburgh, Vermont 2101:Alburgh, Vermont 2044:The Island Line 2039:Rutland Railroad 2011:Fort Ticonderoga 1928:Vermont Route 78 1901:Champlain Bridge 1895:in Vermont with 1872:Champlain Bridge 1734:, formed in 2003 1512: 1511: 1507: 1403:Champlain Valley 1396:Shelburne Museum 1286:Lake Champlain, 1264:Fort Ticonderoga 1149:Champlain Valley 1133:Fort Ticonderoga 1114:Continental Army 1103:, Lake Champlain 1079:Champlain Valley 1059:Continental Army 1031:Albany, New York 987: 980: 976: 973: 967: 936: 928: 782:is an extensive 549:Brome-Missisquoi 473: 467: 466: 463: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 420:Shore length is 264: 263:Primary outflows 227:Missisquoi River 214: 206: 205: 203: 202: 201: 196: 192: 189: 188: 187: 184: 174: 130: 129: 123: 107: 60: 21: 7314: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7244:Lakes of Estrie 7199: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7184: 7177: 7170: 7157: 7124:Iris versicolor 7090: 7030: 7021:Public holidays 6999:List of writers 6913: 6860: 6854: 6831: 6803: 6775: 6766:Protected areas 6734: 6698: 6616: 6607: 6577: 6572: 6563: 6561: 6554: 6488: 6364: 6338: 6227:(pop. >5000) 6226: 6218: 6150: 6067: 6058:Mount Mansfield 6053:Green Mountains 6036: 6024: 6015: 5985: 5980: 5972: 5970: 5964: 5915:Rensselaerswyck 5891: 5853: 5516: 5418: 5270: 5249:Representatives 5205: 5072: 5060: 5051: 5018:Wayback Machine 5006:Wayback Machine 4994:Wayback Machine 4982:Wayback Machine 4970:Wayback Machine 4958:Wayback Machine 4946:Wayback Machine 4934:Wayback Machine 4913:Wayback Machine 4901:Wayback Machine 4885:Wayback Machine 4864: 4859: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4839:anr.state.vt.us 4833: 4832: 4828: 4818: 4816: 4805:"Marine Detail" 4803: 4802: 4798: 4788: 4786: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4728: 4727: 4720: 4710: 4708: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4612: 4608:nrb.state.vt.us 4603: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4333: 4323: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4210: 4209: 4202: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4082:anr.state.vt.us 4076: 4075: 4071: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3987:Wayback Machine 3972: 3971: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3854:. AIPT Comics. 3849: 3848: 3844: 3834: 3832: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3711: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3662: 3661: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3609:on May 10, 2009 3597: 3596: 3592: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3482: 3478: 3470: 3463: 3452: 3445: 3435: 3433: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3406:on July 2, 2017 3394: 3393: 3389: 3379: 3378: 3369: 3359: 3358: 3349: 3339: 3338: 3331: 3321: 3320: 3313: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3288: 3287: 3280: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3255: 3253: 3240: 3239: 3216: 3211: 3202: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3170: 3163: 3161: 3154: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3010: 3003: 3001: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2893: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2790:. May 3, 2012. 2782: 2781: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2700: 2699: 2695: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2626: 2624: 2611: 2610: 2603: 2598: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2512: 2476: 2441:Cumberland Head 2433:Adirondack Park 2422: 2394: 2385:Essex, New York 2359:Cumberland Head 2333: 2328: 2222: 2199: 2194: 2162:Richelieu River 2142:Champlain Canal 2134: 2066:Rutland Railway 2023: 1995:Cumberland Head 1985:Essex, New York 1955: 1881: 1852:Northwest Angle 1832: 1827: 1777: 1775:Natural history 1715:Atlantic salmon 1641: 1619:alleged monster 1611: 1555:Atlantic Canada 1547:Champlain Canal 1535: 1527:Fort Montgomery 1509: 1505: 1504: 1459:Treaty of Ghent 1447: 1427:Hezekiah Barnes 1413:, a settler of 1366: 1338: 1316:, who occupied 1293:In early 1777, 1280: 1260:Panton, Vermont 1237: 1224:Benedict Arnold 1157: 1137:Benedict Arnold 1101:Charlotte Ferry 1071: 1054:Benedict Arnold 988: 977: 971: 968: 953: 937: 914:Nouvelle France 902: 810: 776: 764:Champlain Canal 683:Richelieu River 667:Green Mountains 651: 592: 584:Champlain Canal 576:Richelieu River 525:Adirondack Park 484:) is a natural 471: 438: 434: 288: countries 269:Richelieu River 213:Primary inflows 199: 197: 195:44.53°N 73.33°W 193: 190: 185: 182: 180: 178: 177: 141: 140: 139: 138: 137: 136: 135: 131: 110: 98: 56: 49: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7312: 7310: 7302: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7209:Lake Champlain 7201: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7183: 7182: 7175: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7133: 7130:Je me souviens 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7100: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7040: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6991: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6982:Historic Sites 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6945:List of movies 6937: 6931: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6892:Transportation 6889: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6799: 6793: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6761:National Parks 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6635: 6633: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6598: 6591: 6583: 6574: 6573: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6496: 6494: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6480: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6390: 6385: 6383:Climate change 6380: 6374: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6346: 6344: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6230: 6228: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6179:Essex Junction 6176: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6006: 5999: 5991: 5982: 5981: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5950:State cessions 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5910:New Netherland 5907: 5901: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5757:Saint Lawrence 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5456: 5447: 5442: 5428: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5319:Tri-State area 5316: 5311: 5306: 5304:Central Region 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5196:Transportation 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5101:Climate change 5098: 5093: 5088: 5082: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5052: 5050: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5008: 4996: 4984: 4972: 4960: 4948: 4936: 4924: 4915: 4903: 4891: 4873: 4863: 4862:External links 4860: 4857: 4856: 4826: 4796: 4766: 4743: 4718: 4688: 4658: 4627: 4592: 4562: 4536: 4505: 4469: 4455: 4425: 4403: 4372: 4340: 4331: 4305: 4279: 4248: 4231:www.unesco.org 4218: 4200: 4181: 4166: 4151: 4136: 4106: 4091: 4069: 4054: 4039: 4018: 3990: 3965: 3929: 3899: 3869: 3842: 3816: 3789: 3763: 3736: 3700: 3670: 3650: 3620: 3590: 3568: 3542: 3523: 3504:(393): 46–48. 3488: 3476: 3461: 3443: 3417: 3387: 3367: 3347: 3329: 3311: 3296: 3278: 3263: 3214: 3200: 3185: 3152: 3132: 3102: 3072: 3042: 3025: 2978: 2948: 2918: 2881: 2851: 2830: 2805: 2775: 2762:britannica.com 2756:Amy Tikkanen. 2748: 2719: 2693: 2678:, ed. (1911). 2676:Chisholm, Hugh 2664: 2634: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2475: 2472: 2439:is located on 2421: 2418: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2381: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2352: 2349:Valcour Island 2332: 2329: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2273:Juniper Island 2270: 2267:Valcour Island 2264: 2258: 2252: 2238: 2221: 2218: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2184:, and ends in 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2112: 2096: 2095: 2070: 2069: 2042: 2022: 2019: 2003: 2002: 1988: 1965:ferry slip at 1954: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1935: 1915: 1914: 1905: 1904: 1880: 1877: 1836:Province Point 1831: 1830:Lake crossings 1828: 1826: 1825:Infrastructure 1823: 1776: 1773: 1757: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732:Missisquoi Bay 1728: 1688:Missisquoi Bay 1676:drainage basin 1640: 1637: 1610: 1607: 1534: 1533:Modern history 1531: 1488:Lake Champlain 1480:Lake Champlain 1474:US Naval ships 1446: 1443: 1384:Stagecoach Inn 1365: 1362: 1337: 1334: 1279: 1276: 1241:Valcour Island 1236: 1233: 1156: 1153: 1143:settlement of 1070: 1067: 1007:Saint Lawrence 990: 989: 940: 938: 931: 901: 898: 809: 806: 796:to Quebec and 787:carbonate rock 775: 772: 650: 647: 643:mean sea level 618:of the larger 591: 588: 563:: all part of 517:Clinton County 431:Lake Champlain 426: 425: 417: 416: 407: 403: 402: 381: 375: 374: 371: 370: 367: 363: 362: 359: 355: 354: 351: 345: 344: 341: 337: 336: 333: 329: 328: 325: 321: 320: 317: 313: 312: 309: 305: 304: 301: 297: 296: 293: 292: 289: 282: 281: 278: 276:Catchment area 272: 271: 266: 258: 257: 255:La Chute River 235:Lamoille River 231:Poultney River 223:Winooski River 216: 208: 207: 175: 169: 168: 147: 143: 142: 134:Lake Champlain 133: 132: 125: 124: 118: 117: 116: 115: 112: 111: 108: 100: 99: 97: 96: 87: 78: 68: 65: 64: 63:Lake Champlain 41:Lake Champlain 34:Lake Champlain 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7311: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6857: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 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6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6314:St. Johnsbury 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6033: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6012: 6007: 6005: 6000: 5998: 5993: 5992: 5989: 5979: 5967: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5894: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5519: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5488:New York City 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5454:Niagara Falls 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5384:Southern Tier 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5359:North Country 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5349:Mohawk Valley 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5339:Hudson Valley 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 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4320: 4316: 4309: 4306: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4249: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4214: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4182: 4177: 4170: 4167: 4162: 4155: 4152: 4147: 4140: 4137: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4107: 4102: 4095: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4070: 4065: 4058: 4055: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4022: 4019: 4011: 4007: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3966: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3857: 3853: 3846: 3843: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3817: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3790: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3737: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3704: 3701: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3674: 3671: 3666: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3543: 3538: 3534: 3527: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3431: 3427: 3426:"Fort au Fer" 3421: 3418: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3297: 3292: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3267: 3264: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3159: 3155: 3153:9780405077067 3149: 3145: 3144: 3136: 3133: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3037: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3015: 2999: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2903: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2882: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2834: 2831: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2749: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2723: 2720: 2707: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2677: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2595: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2559:Champlain Sea 2557: 2556: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2520:OpenStreetMap 2518: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2485: 2484:ECHO Aquarium 2480: 2474:Public safety 2473: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2460:horseshoe pit 2457: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2330: 2325: 2324:Sunset Island 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306:Butler Island 2305: 2302: 2300:Dameas Island 2299: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2283:Savage Island 2282: 2280:Four Brothers 2279: 2277:Three Sisters 2276: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2226: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166:Chambly Canal 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1943:Whitehall, NY 1940: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1893:Chimney Point 1890: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1800:cattle egrets 1797: 1793: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1684:cyanobacteria 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1599:Patrick Leahy 1596: 1592: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1577:Chimney Point 1574: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1539: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1490: (CG-57) 1489: 1483: 1482: (CV-39) 1481: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1411:Salmon Dutton 1408: 1407:Massachusetts 1404: 1397: 1392: 1385: 1381: 1374: 1370: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Bemis Heights 1315: 1314:Horatio Gates 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:John Burgoyne 1296: 1289: 1284: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1244: 1242: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1212:John Sullivan 1206: 1201: 1197: 1195: 1190: 1186: 1185:New Hampshire 1182: 1181:Massachusetts 1178: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1145:Skenesborough 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 986: 983: 975: 965: 961: 957: 951: 950: 946: 941:This section 939: 935: 930: 929: 923: 919: 915: 911: 910:Lac Champlain 906: 899: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 876: 873: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 845: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 814: 807: 805: 803: 802:Isle La Motte 799: 795: 791: 788: 785: 781: 773: 771: 767: 765: 761: 756: 754: 750: 747:, Salmon and 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 705: 702: 701:in New York. 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 655: 648: 646: 644: 638: 636: 632: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 596: 589: 587: 585: 581: 578:, and to the 577: 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 557:Isle La Motte 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 490:North America 487: 483: 482:Lac Champlain 479: 475: 474: 465: 432: 423: 418: 415: 411: 408: 404: 400: 399: 394: 393:Isle La Motte 390: 386: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 360: 352: 350: 342: 334: 326: 324:Average depth 318: 310: 302: 294: 290: 287: 283: 279: 277: 273: 270: 267: 265: 259: 256: 252: 251:Saranac River 248: 244: 240: 239:Ausable River 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 217: 215: 209: 204: 200:44.53; -73.33 176: 170: 167: 163: 159: 158:United States 155: 151: 148: 122: 113: 106: 101: 95: 91: 88: 86: 82: 79: 77: 76:Lac Champlain 73: 70: 69: 66: 61: 58: 54: 47: 43: 42: 36: 35: 19: 18:Lac Champlain 7153:Yellow birch 7135: 7128: 7114:Fleur-de-lis 7104:Coat of arms 7036:Demographics 6935:Architecture 6832:(parliament) 6720:Lower Canada 6694:1982–present 6560: 6520:Demographics 6410:Constitution 6030: 5960:9/11 attacks 5324:Finger Lakes 5234:Constitution 5146:Homelessness 5111:Demographics 5096:Bibliography 5066: 4876: 4868: 4847:. Retrieved 4843:the original 4838: 4829: 4819:December 11, 4817:. Retrieved 4813:the original 4808: 4799: 4787:. Retrieved 4783:the original 4778: 4769: 4761:the original 4756: 4746: 4738:the original 4733: 4709:. Retrieved 4705:the original 4700: 4691: 4679:. Retrieved 4670: 4661: 4649:. Retrieved 4645:the original 4640: 4630: 4607: 4595: 4583:. Retrieved 4574: 4565: 4553:. Retrieved 4539: 4527:. Retrieved 4523:the original 4518: 4508: 4496:. Retrieved 4484: 4472: 4463: 4458: 4446:. Retrieved 4437: 4428: 4420:the original 4415: 4406: 4396:November 17, 4394:. Retrieved 4386:Poststar.com 4385: 4375: 4363:. Retrieved 4359:the original 4352: 4343: 4334: 4322:. Retrieved 4318: 4308: 4296:. Retrieved 4282: 4270:. Retrieved 4261: 4251: 4239:. Retrieved 4230: 4221: 4212: 4194: 4184: 4175: 4169: 4160: 4154: 4145: 4139: 4127:. 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Retrieved 2616: 2565:Île aux Noix 2524: 2523: 2516: 2488: 2445: 2426: 2423: 2403: 2320:Stave Island 2314:Young Island 2289:Cloak Island 2231: 2200: 2197:Major cities 2192:Surroundings 2150:Lake Ontario 2135: 2062:swing bridge 2024: 2008: 2004: 1971: 1882: 1833: 1812: 1790: 1778: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1719: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1680:algae blooms 1669: 1658: 1642: 1632: 1615:lake monster 1612: 1588: 1585: 1566: 1559: 1551:Hudson River 1544: 1523:Third System 1515: 1501:Fort Blunder 1498: 1487: 1479: 1471: 1448: 1424: 1400: 1373:Dutton House 1343: 1339: 1311: 1292: 1272: 1253: 1249:Royal Savage 1248: 1245: 1238: 1220: 1209: 1205:Camel's Hump 1177:Pennsylvania 1174: 1170: 1168:wilderness. 1158: 1118: 1106: 1072: 1035: 993: 978: 969: 954:Please help 942: 921: 913: 909: 869: 860: 856: 852: 846: 841: 819: 798:Newfoundland 777: 768: 760:Hudson River 757: 745:Little Chazy 706: 703: 665:between the 660: 639: 628: 601: 580:Hudson River 569: 521:Essex County 514: 430: 429: 396: 358:Shore 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