462:
46:
33:
563:
but can be distinguished by its cap shape with an irregularly scalloped margin, the irregular and often anastomosing gills, the pale to almost whitish stipe, and the thick flesh that quickly turns red with injury. Microscopically, its spores have more regular surface ridges and a more widely meshed
494:. They have an olive-buff to pinkish-buff colour, and stain pinkish. The cylindric stipe measures 4–8.5 cm (1.6–3.3 in) long by 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) thick and tapers to the base. Its surface texture is similar to the cap, but is coloured paler, and is whitish near the top. The
473:
is convex to flattened, sometimes with a small central depression, and measures 4.5–12.5 cm (1.8–4.9 in) in diameter. The surface of the cap is dry, smooth, and has a velvety texture. It sometimes develops small wrinkles in the center, while the cap margin develops irregular grooves in
498:
is whitish, but stains pinkish where injured; it is thick and firm in the cap and stipe. It has no significant odor and a mild to slightly acrid taste. The mushroom's sparse latex is white but dries pinkish, imparting that colour when it stains the gills and flesh.
1399:
1334:
885:
579:
with deciduous trees. Its fruit bodies grow on the ground in deciduous forests of Europe and North
America. In Asia, it has been recorded from
526:. The spore surface is covered with an almost complete reticulum with narrow ridges up to about 1 μm high, and irregular warts that stain
952:
1070:
Conca E, De
Bernardi M, Fronza G, Girometta MA, Mellerio G, Vidari G, Vita-Finzi P (1981). "Fungal metabolites 10. New chromenes from
1190:
1468:
1483:
622:
901:
1386:
461:
465:
Mature gills are creamy ochre coloured; the stipe base is lighter coloured at the base and immediately under the gills.
661:
1404:
968:
Chapuis JR. (1980). "Jahresbericht 1979 des
Verbandstoxikologen" [Annual report 1979 by the toxicologist].
45:
1263:
638:
1478:
376:
1488:
402:
1473:
1225:
345:
411:
140:
1414:
1326:
1295:
1207:
538:(spore-bearing cells) are somewhat club-shaped, four-spored, and measure 40–55 by 10–12 μm. The
420:
260:
157:
1378:
531:
365:
340:
542:
is in the form of a trichoepithelium measuring 50–100 μm thick comprising cylindric terminal
1463:
1052:
866:
618:
555:
527:
479:
355:
325:
280:
268:
244:
170:
161:
40:
1435:
1282:
1186:
1157:
1009:
948:
942:
858:
470:
380:
313:
289:
240:
397:. Species in this section are characterized by having caps and stipes ranging in colour from
1440:
1149:
1122:
1087:
1044:
850:
495:
491:
248:
691:
1422:
504:
416:
271:
1321:
1213:
1048:
580:
576:
439:
87:
1126:
1091:
32:
1457:
333:
77:
1056:
708:
1287:
870:
596:
475:
398:
1391:
1373:
1347:
1257:
944:
Funghi. Conoscere, riconoscere e ricercare tutte le specie di funghi più diffuse
725:
592:
539:
511:
450:
432:
309:
301:
293:
236:
232:
205:
107:
1248:
611:
523:
317:
97:
1013:
1308:
626:
595:
properties in a 1990 publication. Later research revealed the presence of a
519:
487:
117:
57:
1161:
1153:
862:
1274:
1427:
1360:
1242:
669:
615:
483:
387:
1339:
607:
535:
193:
1352:
1365:
1105:
Debernardi M, Vidari G, Finzi PV, Fronza G (1992). "The chemistry of
603:
228:
67:
1219:
1140:
Spiteller P. (2008). "Chemical defence strategies of higher fungi".
1313:
1000:
Abraham SP, Kaul TN (1985). "Larger fungi from
Kashmir India III".
854:
599:
543:
515:
460:
446:
754:
Lange JE. (1928). "Studies in the agarics of
Denmark. Part VII.
478:, sometimes with darker spots and a lighter margin. The crowded
1300:
1223:
730:(in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: A. Felix. p. 856.
401:
to pale brown to grayish-brown and pinkish-staining flesh.
1185:. Fungi of Northern Europe – Vol. 2. Denmark: Svampetryk.
696:(in Latin). Uppsala: Typographica Academica. p. 348.
666:(Krapf) Fr., Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici: 348, 1838"
602:
that, upon injury to the mushrooms, coverts to an acrid
1027:
Dowd PF, Miller OK (1990). "Insecticidal properties of
902:"Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK-Revised"
474:
maturity. Its colour is buff to grayish-brown to dark
1178:
Heilmann-Clausen J, Verbeken A, Vesterholt J (2000).
259:
The species was first described by
Austrian botanist
343:
in 1928, has been elevated to a distinct species as
1232:
890:. Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 492.
713:(in German). Zerbst: C. Luppe. p. 127.
423:alone. Dirk Stubbe suggests that the geneti of
923:
921:
278:, and later (1838) transferred it to the genus
837:: the European taxa and American varieties of
824:
822:
820:
621:. This is part of a wound-activated chemical
419:, and cannot be reliably distinguished using
8:
1220:
431:was a fairly recent event that involved a
31:
20:
970:Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde
1037:Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
672:. International Mycological Association
653:
405:analysis published in 2012 showed that
323:is now known as the distinct species
7:
1415:5e7b0816-7622-4789-b3a2-285f7f73d4ab
591:The fruit bodies were noted to have
522:, measuring 7.4–9.2 by 6.6–8.4
435:from deciduous to coniferous trees.
251:of Asia, Europe, and North America.
1049:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1990.tb01412.x
14:
507:, and may be somewhat poisonous.
546:measuring 20–45 by 5–8 μm.
44:
693:Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici
286:Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici
829:Stubbe D, Verbeken A (2012). "
453:known as the "sooty milkcap".
1:
1142:Chemistry: A European Journal
1127:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88270-3
1092:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)82947-6
947:. De Agostini. p. 121.
625:used by the fungus to deter
583:in India, China, and Japan.
559:is similar in appearance to
239:have velvety, grayish-brown
710:Der Führer in die Pilzkunde
1505:
727:Revisio generum plantarum
518:are spherical to broadly
176:
169:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
568:Habitat and distribution
449:word for "sooty". It is
223:, commonly known as the
1469:Fungi described in 1782
1484:Fungi of North America
1154:10.1002/chem.200800292
887:British Basidiomycetae
774:(5): 1–49 (see p. 33).
466:
306:Lactifluus fuliginosus
298:Galorrheus fuliginosus
274:this name in his 1821
201:Lactifluus fuliginosus
189:Galorrheus fuliginosus
1264:Lactarius fuliginosus
1234:Lactarius fuliginosus
1208:Lactarius fuliginosus
1107:Lactarius fuliginosus
1072:Lactarius fuliginosus
1029:Lactarius fuliginosus
664:Lactarius fuliginosus
573:Lactarius fuliginosus
514:is pinkish buff. The
501:Lactarius fuliginosus
464:
373:Lactarius fuliginosus
220:Lactarius fuliginosus
150:Lactarius fuliginosus
25:Lactarius fuliginosus
931:. (2000), pp. 244–5.
768:Dansk Botanisk Arkiv
359:. Fries's 1838 form
265:Agaricus fuliginosus
181:Agaricus fuliginosus
1080:Tetrahedron Letters
561:L. fuliginosus
425:L. fuliginosus
407:L. fuliginosus
341:Jakob Emanuel Lange
331:L. fuliginosus
276:Systema mycologicum
235:. The medium-sized
132:L. fuliginosus
941:Ettore B. (2012).
724:Kuntze O. (1891).
707:Kummer P. (1871).
690:Fries EM. (1838).
556:Lactarius azonites
490:attachment to the
467:
346:L. romagnesii
269:Elias Magnus Fries
227:, is a species of
1451:
1450:
1436:Open Tree of Life
1226:Taxon identifiers
1111:Lactarius picinus
1076:Lactarius picinus
1033:Lactarius fumosus
990:. (2000), p. 239.
986:Heilmann-Clausen
954:978-88-418-7695-4
927:Heilmann-Clausen
810:Heilmann-Clausen
801:. (2000), p. 226.
797:Heilmann-Clausen
788:. (2000), p. 234.
784:Heilmann-Clausen
744:. (2000), p. 242.
740:Heilmann-Clausen
445:derives from the
366:L. lignyotus
349:, while his form
249:deciduous forests
247:. It is found in
216:
215:
209:
197:
185:
16:Species of fungus
1496:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1430:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1395:
1394:
1392:NBNSYS0000038692
1382:
1381:
1369:
1368:
1356:
1355:
1343:
1342:
1330:
1329:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1303:
1291:
1290:
1278:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1221:
1196:
1172:Cited literature
1166:
1165:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1024:
1018:
1017:
997:
991:
984:
978:
977:
965:
959:
958:
938:
932:
925:
916:
915:
913:
912:
898:
892:
891:
881:
875:
874:
826:
815:
814:. (2000), p. 27.
808:
802:
795:
789:
782:
776:
775:
751:
745:
738:
732:
731:
721:
715:
714:
704:
698:
697:
687:
681:
680:
678:
677:
658:
610:to a mixture of
532:Melzer's reagent
440:specific epithet
356:L. azonites
326:L. picinius
203:
191:
183:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1479:Fungi of Europe
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1423:Observation.org
1421:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1390:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1228:
1203:
1193:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1148:(30): 9100–10.
1139:
1138:
1134:
1121:(35): 7331–44.
1104:
1103:
1099:
1086:(43): 4327–30.
1069:
1068:
1064:
1026:
1025:
1021:
999:
998:
994:
985:
981:
967:
966:
962:
955:
940:
939:
935:
926:
919:
910:
908:
900:
899:
895:
884:Rea C. (1968).
883:
882:
878:
849:(6): 1490–501.
841:re-evaluated".
828:
827:
818:
809:
805:
796:
792:
783:
779:
753:
752:
748:
739:
735:
723:
722:
718:
706:
705:
701:
689:
688:
684:
675:
673:
660:
659:
655:
651:
635:
589:
577:ectomycorrhizal
570:
552:
550:Similar species
459:
429:L. picinus
417:sibling species
412:L. picinus
339:, described by
257:
212:
165:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1489:Fungus species
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1409:
1396:
1383:
1370:
1357:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1305:
1292:
1279:
1269:
1254:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1214:Index Fungorum
1202:
1201:External links
1199:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1132:
1097:
1062:
1019:
992:
979:
960:
953:
933:
917:
906:Scottish Fungi
893:
876:
855:10.3852/12-039
816:
803:
790:
777:
746:
733:
716:
699:
682:
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
634:
631:
623:defense system
606:compound that
588:
585:
581:Kashmir Valley
569:
566:
551:
548:
458:
455:
314:André Maublanc
261:Karl Von Krapf
256:
253:
231:in the family
214:
213:
211:
210:
198:
186:
177:
174:
173:
167:
166:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
88:Agaricomycetes
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1501:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Fungi of Asia
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
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1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
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1280:
1276:
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1265:
1259:
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1240:
1239:
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1235:
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1227:
1222:
1216:
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1209:
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1204:
1200:
1194:
1192:87-983581-4-6
1188:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
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1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
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1101:
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1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
996:
993:
989:
983:
980:
975:
972:(in German).
971:
964:
961:
956:
950:
946:
945:
937:
934:
930:
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922:
918:
907:
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836:
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781:
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773:
769:
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743:
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734:
729:
728:
720:
717:
712:
711:
703:
700:
695:
694:
686:
683:
671:
667:
665:
657:
654:
648:
644:
642:
637:
636:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:
594:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
567:
565:
562:
558:
557:
549:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
463:
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:in the genus
392:
389:
385:
382:
378:
374:
370:
368:
367:
362:
358:
357:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
335:
332:
328:
327:
322:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:sooty milkcap
222:
221:
207:
202:
199:
195:
190:
187:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Basidiomycota
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1233:
1212:
1206:
1183:
1179:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1043:(1): 23–28.
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1008:(2): 77–86.
1005:
1001:
995:
987:
982:
973:
969:
963:
943:
936:
928:
909:. Retrieved
905:
896:
886:
879:
846:
842:
839:L. lignyotus
838:
835:Plinthogalus
834:
830:
811:
806:
798:
793:
785:
780:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
749:
741:
736:
726:
719:
709:
702:
692:
685:
674:. Retrieved
663:
656:
640:
597:stearic acid
593:insecticidal
590:
572:
571:
560:
554:
553:
509:
500:
486:to slightly
468:
442:
437:
428:
424:
410:
406:
394:
391:Plinthogalus
390:
383:
372:
371:
364:
360:
354:
350:
344:
336:
330:
324:
320:
305:
297:
285:
279:
275:
264:
258:
243:and crowded
237:fruit bodies
224:
219:
218:
217:
200:
188:
184:Krapf (1782)
180:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
1374:NatureServe
1348:iNaturalist
1258:Wikispecies
1115:Tetrahedron
976:(6): 84–90.
564:reticulum.
540:cap cuticle
512:spore print
457:Description
443:fuliginosus
433:host switch
384:Plinothgali
310:Paul Konrad
302:Otto Kuntze
294:Paul Kummer
263:in 1782 as
233:Russulaceae
108:Russulaceae
1458:Categories
1180:The Genus
1074:Fries and
911:2013-06-02
676:2013-05-29
649:References
612:benzofuran
421:morphology
377:classified
318:subspecies
272:sanctioned
98:Russulales
74:Division:
1464:Lactarius
1379:2.1059796
1182:Lactarius
1014:0379-5179
843:Mycologia
831:Lactarius
764:Lactarius
641:Lactarius
627:mycophagy
587:Chemistry
520:ellipsoid
488:decurrent
403:Molecular
395:Lactarius
337:speciosus
281:Lactarius
126:Species:
119:Lactarius
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1361:MycoBank
1322:Fungorum
1272:BioLib:
1249:Q2178027
1243:Wikidata
1162:18601235
1078:Fries".
1057:85369383
863:22684287
760:Flammula
756:Volvaria
670:MycoBank
639:List of
633:See also
619:pigments
616:chromene
614:and red
608:oxidizes
482:have an
451:commonly
388:subgenus
304:'s 1891
296:'s 1871
292:include
290:synonyms
288:. Other
255:Taxonomy
192:(Krapf)
171:Synonyms
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1340:5248588
871:5097766
643:species
536:basidia
528:amyloid
503:is not
381:section
379:in the
363:is now
353:is now
351:albipes
321:picinus
284:in his
194:P.Kumm.
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1441:389952
1412:NZOR:
1405:152936
1366:228785
1353:382878
1327:228785
1314:LACTFL
1301:162949
1275:125783
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1002:Kavaka
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833:subg.
604:phenol
544:hyphae
534:. The
516:spores
505:edible
484:adnate
229:fungus
208:(1891)
206:Kuntze
204:(Fr.)
196:(1871)
164:(1838)
1428:13878
1288:6NSLR
1053:S2CID
988:et al
929:et al
867:S2CID
812:et al
799:et al
786:et al
742:et al
600:ester
530:with
496:flesh
492:stipe
480:gills
447:Latin
427:from
361:major
245:gills
158:Krapf
68:Fungi
1400:NCBI
1335:GBIF
1309:EPPO
1187:ISBN
1158:PMID
1109:and
1031:and
1010:ISSN
949:ISBN
859:PMID
510:The
476:fawn
469:The
438:The
415:are
409:and
399:buff
334:form
312:and
300:and
241:caps
1387:NBN
1296:EoL
1283:CoL
1211:in
1150:doi
1123:doi
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1088:doi
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