Lactoferrin - Knowledge (XXG)

1962: 428: 405: 6077: 5987: 6047: 6032: 302: 327: 6062: 6002: 6017: 6107: 6182: 6137: 6122: 6092: 5867: 434: 333: 5972: 5852: 5957: 5942: 5927: 5897: 5912: 5882: 5837: 6167: 6152: 31: 1554:. Therefore, it was named lactoferrin in 1961, though the name lactotransferrin was used in some earlier publications, and later studies demonstrated that the protein is not restricted to milk. The antibacterial action of lactoferrin was also documented in 1961, and was associated with its ability to bind iron. 1642:

family, whereas the sizes of introns differ within the family. Similarity in the size of exons and their distribution in the domains of the protein molecule indicates that the evolutionary development of lactoferrin gene occurred by duplication. Study of polymorphism of genes that encode lactoferrin

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is estimated as 10 to 30% (100% corresponds to all lactoferrin molecules containing 2 iron atoms). It is demonstrated that lactoferrin is involved not only in the transport of iron, zinc and copper, but also in the regulation of their intake. Presence of loose ions of zinc and copper does not affect

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One of the important properties of lactoferrin is its ability to bind with nucleic acids. The fraction of protein extracted from milk, contains 3.3% RNA, but, the protein preferably binds to double-stranded DNA rather than single-stranded DNA. The ability of lactoferrin to bind DNA is used for its

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in HIV-positive patients who were resistant to other antifungal drugs. Such antifungal action when other drugs deem inefficient is characteristic of lactoferrin and is especially valuable for HIV-infected patients. Contrary to the antiviral and antibacterial actions of lactoferrin, very little is

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Ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin has been used to examine how lactoferrin affects bone. Lactoferrin has shown to have positive effects on bone turnover. It has aided in decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation. This was indicated by a decrease in the levels of two bone resorption

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Occurrence of iron-containing red protein in bovine milk was reported as early as in 1939; however, the protein could not be properly characterized because it could not be extracted with sufficient purity. Its first detailed studies were reported around 1960. They documented the molecular weight,

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Although lactoferrin also has other antibacterial mechanisms not related to iron, such as stimulation of phagocytosis, the interaction with the outer bacterial membrane described above is the most dominant and most studied. Lactoferrin not only disrupts the membrane, but even penetrates into the

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development. The loss of microbicidal activity and increased formation of biofilm due to decreased lactoferrin activity is observed in patients with cystic fibrosis. In cystic fibrosis, antibiotic susceptibility may be modified by lactoferrin. These findings demonstrate the important role of

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is 8.7. It exists in two forms: iron-rich hololactoferrin and iron-free apolactoferrin. Their tertiary structures are different; apolactoferrin is characterized by "open" conformation of the N-lobe and the "closed" conformation of the C-lobe, and both lobes are closed in the hololactoferrin.

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Lactoferrin supplements reduce the risk of respiratory tract infections, based on a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. As with any supplements sold online, quality may be an issue because nutritional supplement production quality controls are not subject to the same strict

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of the cell membranes and then penetrate into the cell. Lactoferrin binds to the same lipoproteins thereby repelling the virus particles. Iron-free apolactoferrin is more efficient in this function than hololactoferrin; and lactoferricin, which is responsible for antimicrobial properties of

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of lactoferrin in the blood corresponds to this particular "transition concentration" and thus lactoferrin in the blood should be presented both as a monomer and tetramer. Many functional properties of lactoferrin depend on its oligomeric state. In particular, monomeric, but not tetrameric

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Harmsen MC, Swart PJ, de Béthune MP, Pauwels R, De Clercq E, The TH, et al. (August 1995). "Antiviral effects of plasma and milk proteins: lactoferrin shows potent activity against both human immunodeficiency virus and human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro".

2342:. A rapid, portable test utilizing microfluidic technology has been developed to enable measurement of lactoferrin levels in human tear fluid at the point-of-care with the aim of improving diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome and other forms of dry eye disease. 1701:

named N-and C-lobes. N-lobe corresponds to amino acid residues 1-333 and C-lobe to 345-692, and the ends of those domains are connected by a short α-helix. Each lobe consists of two subdomains, N1, N2 and C1, C2, and contains one iron binding site and one

1973:(smaller protein) are shown. Lactoferrin is a protein found in the immune system, and is a common defense against bacterial infections. Lactoferrin restricts access to host iron by binding to iron with a higher affinity than bacterial proteins. 6076: 1801:

of lactoferrin is strongly affected by the presence of Ca ions. In particular, monomers were dominant at concentrations below 10−10 M in the presence of Ca, but they converted into tetramers at lactoferrin concentrations above 10−10 M.

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site. The degree of glycosylation of the protein may be different and therefore the molecular weight of lactoferrin varies between 76 and 80 kDa. The stability of lactoferrin has been associated with the high glycosylation degree.

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O'Halloran F, Bahar B, Buckley F, O'Sullivan O, Sweeney T, Giblin L (January 2009). "Characterisation of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in the bovine lactoferrin gene sequences across a range of dairy cow breeds".

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with lactoferrin and then with fluconazole, but not vice versa. The antifungal activity of lactoferricin exceeds that of lactoferrin. In particular, synthetic peptide 1–11 lactoferricin shows much greater activity against

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Chandra Mohan KV, Kumaraguruparan R, Prathiba D, Nagini S (September 2006). "Modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and redox status during chemoprevention of hamster buccal carcinogenesis by bovine lactoferrin".

1790:, especially at high concentrations. Several authors found that the dominant form of lactoferrin in physiological conditions is a tetramer, with the monomer:tetramer ratio of 1:4 at the protein concentrations of 10 M. 4335:

Puddu P, Borghi P, Gessani S, Valenti P, Belardelli F, Seganti L (September 1998). "Antiviral effect of bovine lactoferrin saturated with metal ions on early steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection".

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Lactoferrin's primary role is to sequester free iron, and in doing so remove essential substrate required for bacterial growth. Antibacterial action of lactoferrin is also explained by the presence of specific

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Kuwata H, Yip TT, Yip CL, Tomita M, Hutchens TW (April 1998). "Bactericidal domain of lactoferrin: detection, quantitation, and characterization of lactoferricin in serum by SELDI affinity mass spectrometry".

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Giansanti F, Rossi P, Massucci MT, Botti D, Antonini G, Valenti P, et al. (2002). "Antiviral activity of ovotransferrin discloses an evolutionary strategy for the defensive activities of lactoferrin".

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Das MR, Padhy LC, Koshy R, Sirsat SM, Rich MA (August 1976). "Human milk samples from different ethnic groups contain RNase that inhibits, and plasma membrane that stimulates, reverse transcription".

2014:. A mechanism of the antimicrobial action of lactoferrin has been reported as lactoferrin targets H-ATPase and interferes with proton translocation in the cell membrane, resulting in a lethal effect 2929:

Birgens HS (April 1985). "Lactoferrin in plasma measured by an ELISA technique: evidence that plasma lactoferrin is an indicator of neutrophil turnover and bone marrow activity in acute leukaemia".

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Bharadwaj S, Naidu TA, Betageri GV, Prasadarao NV, Naidu AS (November 2010). "Inflammatory responses improve with milk ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin supplementation in postmenopausal women".

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Jameson GB, Anderson BF, Norris GE, Thomas DH, Baker EN (November 1998). "Structure of human apolactoferrin at 2.0 A resolution. Refinement and analysis of ligand-induced conformational change".

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Bharadwaj S, Naidu AG, Betageri GV, Prasadarao NV, Naidu AS (September 2009). "Milk ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin induces positive effects on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women".

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Rawat P, Kumar S, Sheokand N, Raje CI, Raje M (June 2012). "The multifunctional glycolytic protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a novel macrophage lactoferrin receptor".

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Lactoferrin: structure, function, and applications: proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Lactoferrin: Structure, Function, and Applications, held in Sapporo, Japan, 18-22 May 1999

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lactoferrin (bLF) has been demonstrated in experimental lung, bladder, tongue, colon, and liver carcinogeneses on rats, possibly by suppression of phase I enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 1A2 (

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strains in the mouth and the size of the damaged areas in the tongue. Oral administration of lactoferrin to animals also reduced the number of pathogenic organisms in the tissues close to the

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Mazurier J, Spik G (May 1980). "Comparative study of the iron-binding properties of human transferrins. I. Complete and sequential iron saturation and desaturation of the lactotransferrin".

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using methods such as salt extraction, chromatography, and membrane filtration. Lactoferrin from a variety of species, including humans, can also be produced using transgenic organisms as a

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Mantel C, Miyazawa K, Broxmeyer HE (1994). "Physical Characteristics and Polymerization During Iron Saturation of Lactoferrin, A Myelopoietic Regulatory Molecule with Suppressor Activity".

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Singh PK, Schaefer AL, Parsek MR, Moninger TO, Welsh MJ, Greenberg EP (October 2000). "Quorum-sensing signals indicate that cystic fibrosis lungs are infected with bacterial biofilms".

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Arnold D, Di Biase AM, Marchetti M, Pietrantoni A, Valenti P, Seganti L, et al. (February 2002). "Antiadenovirus activity of milk proteins: lactoferrin prevents viral infection".

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Bennett RM, Davis J (January 1982). "Lactoferrin interacts with deoxyribonucleic acid: a preferential reactivity with double-stranded DNA and dissociation of DNA-anti-DNA complexes".

6016: 1547:, optical absorption spectra and presence of two iron atoms per protein molecule. The protein was extracted from milk, contained iron and was structurally and chemically similar to 1987:

on the cell surface of microorganisms. Lactoferrin binds to lipopolysaccharide of bacterial walls, and the oxidized iron part of the lactoferrin oxidizes bacteria via formation of

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Shongwe MS, Smith CA, Ainscough EW, Baker HM, Brodie AM, Baker EN (May 1992). "Anion binding by human lactoferrin: results from crystallographic and physicochemical studies".

1506:) and is part of the innate defense, mainly at mucoses. It is constantly produced and released into saliva, tears, as well as seminal and vaginal fluid. Lactoferrin provides 5549: 1932:

formation, which signifies a decrease in pro-inflammatory responses and an increase in anti-inflammatory responses which indicates a reduction in bone resorption as well.

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or other metals. The binding sites are localized in each of the two protein globules. There, each ion is bonded with six ligands: four from the polypeptide chain (two

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pairs. Gene polymorphism between species is much more diverse than the intraspecific polymorphism of lactoferrin. There are differences in amino acid sequences: 8 in

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Baker HM, Anderson BF, Kidd RD, Shewry SC, Baker EN (2000). "Lactoferrin three-dimensional structure: a framework for interpreting function". In Shimazaki K (ed.).

4913:"Modulation of in vitro fungicidal activity of human lactoferrin against Candida albicans by extracellular cation concentration and target cell metabolic activity" 2380: 5148:

Tsuda H, Sekine K, Fujita K, Ligo M (2002). "Cancer prevention by bovine lactoferrin and underlying mechanisms--a review of experimental and clinical studies".

7455: 2315: 3393:"Multiple molecular forms of human lactoferrin. Identification of a class of lactoferrins that possess ribonuclease activity and lack iron-binding capacity" 2092:

The most studied mechanism of antiviral activity of lactoferrin is its diversion of virus particles from the target cells. Many viruses tend to bind to the

6222: 6091: 7398: 6085:: INTERACTION OF A LEGUME LECTIN WITH THE N2 FRAGMENT OF HUMAN LACTOTRANSFERRIN OR WITH THE ISOLATED BIANTENNARY GLYCOPEPTIDE: ROLE OF THE FUCOSE MOIETY 1138: 1119: 263: 5623:

Ohashi Y, Ishida R, Kojima T, Goto E, Matsumoto Y, Watanabe K, et al. (August 2003). "Abnormal protein profiles in tears with dry eye syndrome".

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Low quality evidence suggests that oral lactoferrin supplementation with or without the addition of a probiotic may decrease late onset of sepsis and

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Lactoferrin also suppresses virus replication after the virus penetrated into the cell. Such an indirect antiviral effect is achieved by affecting

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to the cells and control the level of free iron in the blood and external secretions. It is present in the milk of humans and other mammals, in the

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Sojar HT, Hamada N, Genco RJ (January 1998). "Structures involved in the interaction of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae and human lactoferrin".

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Seyfert HM, Tuckoricz A, Interthal H, Koczan D, Hobom G (June 1994). "Structure of the bovine lactoferrin-encoding gene and its promoter".

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viruses. This mechanism is also confirmed by the antiviral activity of lactoferrin against rotaviruses, which act on different cell types.

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Lactotransferrin has been used in the synthesis of fluorescent gold quantum clusters, which has potential applications in nanotechnology.

5375:"Loss of microbicidal activity and increased formation of biofilm due to decreased lactoferrin activity in patients with cystic fibrosis" 54: 7218: 6717: 5995:: Crystal Structure of a Domain-Opened Mutant (R121D) of the Human Lactoferrin N-lobe Refined From a Merohedrally-Twinned Crystal Form. 427: 1369: 1819:. Apart from its main biological function, namely binding and transport of iron ions, lactoferrin also has antibacterial, antiviral, 1362: 7258: 2535: 2120: 2074: 5971: 3577:"Cloning of a pig homologue of the human lactoferrin receptor: expression and localization during intestinal maturation in piglets" 404: 5553: 7108: 5851: 5322:

Singh PK, Parsek MR, Greenberg EP, Welsh MJ (May 2002). "A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development".

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Kang JF, Li XL, Zhou RY, Li LH, Feng FJ, Guo XL (June 2008). "Bioinformatics analysis of lactoferrin gene for several species".

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resistant to this drug. However, a combination of lactoferrin with fluconazole can act against fluconazole-resistant strains of

6215: 5911: 5881: 5836: 5515:"Public summary of positive opinion for orphan designation of hypothiocyanite/lactoferrin for the treatment of cystic fibrosis" 2428: 2407: 1753:. The affinity increases in weakly acidic medium. This facilitates the transfer of iron from transferrin to lactoferrin during 7391: 6710: 6669: 5658:

Karns K, Herr AE (November 2011). "Human tear protein analysis enabled by an alkaline microfluidic homogeneous immunoassay".

2531:"Nutraceutical and Health-Promoting Potential of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein in Human and Animal: Current Knowledge" 2424: 6055:: MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT SOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF APOLACTOFERRIN, A PROTEIN DISPLAYING LARGE-SCALE CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE 6040:: MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT SOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF APOLACTOFERRIN, A PROTEIN DISPLAYING LARGE-SCALE CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE 1577:. Deletions, insertions and mutations of stop codons affect the coding part and its length varies between 2,055 and 2,190 326: 301: 7551: 5101:"Human lactoferrin induces apoptosis-like cell death in Candida albicans: critical role of K+-channel-mediated K+ efflux" 2403: 2027:

in the stomach, which in turn, aids in reducing digestive system disorders. Bovine lactoferrin has more activity against

6400: 243: 5416:"Antibiotic tolerance induced by lactoferrin in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients" 5052:"Synergistic fungistatic effects of lactoferrin in combination with antifungal drugs against clinical Candida isolates" 4118:

van der Strate BW, Beljaars L, Molema G, Harmsen MC, Meijer DK (December 2001). "Antiviral activities of lactoferrin".

7541: 7355: 6834: 4435:"Identification of a lactoferrin-derived peptide possessing binding activity to hepatitis C virus E2 envelope protein" 3311:"Feedback regulation of granulopoiesis: polymerization of lactoferrin abrogates its ability to inhibit CSA production" 1884: 3473:

McCormick JJ, Larson LJ, Rich MA (October 1974). "RNase inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity in human milk".

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The human lung and saliva contain a wide range of antimicrobial compound including lactoperoxidase system, producing

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Fujihara T, Hayashi K (1995). "Lactoferrin inhibits herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection to mouse cornea".

7345: 6208: 6070:: METAL SUBSTITUTION IN TRANSFERRINS: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN COPPER-LACTOFERRIN AT 2.1 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION 2637: 440: 339: 4859:

Lupetti A, Paulusma-Annema A, Welling MM, Dogterom-Ballering H, Brouwer CP, Senesi S, et al. (January 2003).

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Krzyzowska M, Chodkowski M, Janicka M, Dmowska D, Tomaszewska E, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, et al. (January 2022).

7384: 7308: 7268: 6664: 5809: 2327: 2311: 433: 332: 7248: 7223: 6275: 5576:"Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants" 4713:"Ambulatory COVID-19 Patients Treated with Lactoferrin as a Supplementary Antiviral Agent: A Preliminary Study" 2638:"Lactoferrin reduces the risk of respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" 1183: 251: 6798: 2339: 6558: 4861:"Synergistic activity of the N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin and fluconazole against Candida species" 3828:

Farnaud S, Evans RW (November 2003). "Lactoferrin--a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties".

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Both in blood plasma and in secretory fluids lactoferrin can exist in different polymeric forms ranging from

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At least 60 gene sequences of lactoferrin have been characterized in 11 species of mammals. In most species,

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lactoferrin in human host defense and especially in lung. Lactoferrin with hypothiocyanite has been granted

2161: 1984: 1961: 1942: 1164: 6819: 6702: 5011:"Complete response of severe, refractory oral candidiasis to mouthwash containing lactoferrin and lysozyme" 2100:

Beside interacting with the cell membrane, lactoferrin also directly binds to viral particles, such as the

7624: 7593: 7523: 7480: 7408: 7283: 6827: 4654:"Morphological cell profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection identifies drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19" 4127: 2709:

M. Sorensen and S. P. L. Sorensen, Compf. rend. trav. lab. Carlsberg (1939) 23, 55, cited by Groves (1960)

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Administration of lactoferrin through drinking water to mice with weakened immune systems and symptoms of

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Lactoferrin in sufficient strength acts on a wide range of human and animal viruses based on DNA and RNA

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Takakura N, Wakabayashi H, Ishibashi H, Teraguchi S, Tamura Y, Yamaguchi H, et al. (August 2003).

2687:"Lactoferrin supplements could aid in the recovery of COVID19 & other Respiratory Tract Infections" 1749:

Lactoferrin forms a reddish complex with iron; its affinity for iron is 300 times higher than that of

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Mirabelli C, Wotring JW, Zhang CJ, McCarty SM, Fursmidt R, Pretto CD, et al. (September 2021).

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pairs. Exons of the lactoferrin gene in oxen have a similar size to the exons of other genes of the

230: 7536: 7420: 7288: 7213: 7100: 7077: 7041: 7013: 6613: 6553: 6299: 6289: 6279: 6010:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF COPPER-AND OXALATE-SUBSTITUTED HUMAN LACTOFERRIN AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION 4132: 2360: 2108: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1265: 1261: 1257: 5525: 7238: 6793: 6639: 6531: 5728:"Luminescent quantum clusters of gold in transferrin family protein, lactoferrin exhibiting FRET" 5355: 5304: 5222:

Moskwa P, Lorentzen D, Excoffon KJ, Zabner J, McCray PB, Nauseef WM, et al. (January 2007).

4410: 4188: 4023: 3937: 3888: 3727: 3684: 3557: 3506: 3032: 2840: 2668: 1476: 275: 4764:"Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome" 1345: 1324: 1286: 1253: 6025:: STRUCTURE OF THE RECOMBINANT N-TERMINAL LOBE OF HUMAN LACTOFERRIN AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION 2581: 7313: 7142: 6648: 6548: 6491: 5758: 5675: 5640: 5605: 5496: 5445: 5396: 5347: 5296: 5253: 5204: 5165: 5130: 5081: 5032: 4991: 4942: 4890: 4836: 4795: 4744: 4711:

Rosa L, Tripepi G, Naldi E, Aimati M, Santangeli S, Venditto F, et al. (September 2021).

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of lactoferrin; it also facilitates absorption of iron ions by lactoferrin. It was shown that

1711: 1544: 1445: 223: 47: 1611:. This variation may indicate functional differences between different types of lactoferrin. 7470: 7228: 7045: 6998: 6760: 6231: 5750: 5706: 5667: 5632: 5595: 5587: 5486: 5476: 5435: 5427: 5386: 5339: 5288: 5243: 5235: 5196: 5157: 5120: 5112: 5071: 5063: 5022: 4981: 4973: 4932: 4924: 4880: 4872: 4826: 4785: 4775: 4734: 4724: 4683: 4673: 4624: 4616: 4575: 4567: 4526: 4491: 4483: 4446: 4392: 4353: 4345: 4306: 4268: 4258: 4247:"Lactoferrin-Functionalized Noble Metal Nanoparticles as New Antivirals for HSV-2 Infection" 4219: 4172: 4137: 4062: 4054: 4007: 3965: 3919: 3872: 3837: 3766: 3758: 3711: 3668: 3633: 3596: 3588: 3541: 3490: 3453: 3412: 3404: 3355: 3322: 3251: 3188: 3126: 3081: 3071: 3014: 3006: 2938: 2903: 2867: 2824: 2786: 2765: 2728: 2652: 2552: 2544: 2501: 2493: 2177: 2145: 1843:. In particular, by destroying the RNA genome, milk RNase inhibits reverse transcription of 1623: 1452: 520: 451: 395: 350: 7376: 6115:: Structure of human diferric lactoferrin at 2.5A resolution using crystals grown at pH 6.5 7440: 7429: 7185: 7157: 7073: 6733: 6390: 6311: 5695:"Recent advances and prospects in purification and heterologous expression of lactoferrin" 4813:

Wakabayashi H, Uchida K, Yamauchi K, Teraguchi S, Hayasawa H, Yamaguchi H (October 2000).

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and is one of the major proteins of virtually all exocrine secretions of mammals, such as

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Nozaki A, Ikeda M, Naganuma A, Nakamura T, Inudoh M, Tanaka K, et al. (March 2003).

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Lactoferrin levels in tear fluid have been shown to decrease in dry eye diseases such as

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Reghunathan R, Jayapal M, Hsu LY, Chng HH, Tai D, Leung BP, et al. (January 2005).

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Rogan MP, Geraghty P, Greene CM, O'Neill SJ, Taggart CC, McElvaney NG (February 2006).

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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology

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negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

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Rogan MP, Taggart CC, Greene CM, Murphy PG, O'Neill SJ, McElvaney NG (October 2004).

5076: 5051: 5027: 5010: 4397: 4380: 3924: 3908:"Antibacterial activity of peptides homologous to a loop region in human lactoferrin" 3907: 3192: 3086: 3051: 3036: 2871: 2672: 2003: 1860: 1848: 1820: 1735: 1703: 1495: 698: 6190:: STRUCTURE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN LACTOFERRIN PRODUCED IN THE MILK OF TRANSGENIC COWS 5550:"Meveol: orphan drug status granted by the FDA for the treatment of cystic fibrosis" 5431: 4977: 4928: 4027: 3941: 3892: 3688: 2770: 2119:– cells, which play a crucial role in the early stages of viral infections, such as 7513: 7444: 7253: 7165: 7032: 6862: 6858: 6803: 6295: 6239: 5591: 5359: 5308: 4517:

Carvalho CA, Sousa IP, Silva JL, Oliveira AC, Gonçalves RB, Gomes AM (March 2014).

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known about the mechanism of its antifungal action. Lactoferrin seems to bind the

255: 4815:"Lactoferrin given in food facilitates dermatophytosis cure in guinea pig models" 3359: 2907: 2656: 279: 7508: 7460: 7412: 7365: 7360: 7350: 7323: 7293: 7147: 7003: 6993: 6870: 6788: 6772: 6654: 6644: 6487: 6424: 6405: 6365: 6354: 6322: 6145:: HUMAN LACTOFERRIN, N-TERMINAL LOBE MUTANT WITH ARG 121 REPLACED BY SER (R121S) 6130:: HUMAN LACTOFERRIN, N-TERMINAL LOBE MUTANT WITH ARG 121 REPLACED BY GLU (R121E) 4531: 4518: 3327: 3310: 2464:

National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine

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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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Håkansson A, Zhivotovsky B, Orrenius S, Sabharwal H, Svanborg C (August 1995).

2548: 1899:. The moonlighting glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( 596: 7193: 6585: 5200: 3715: 3672: 3130: 3010: 2828: 2250: 2116: 2070: 2062: 1929: 1844: 1836: 1762: 1664: 1635: 1619: 1607: 1601: 1578: 1568: 1507: 944:

negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

412: 309: 259: 7574: 7531: 7303: 7298: 7273: 7263: 7175: 6590: 6577: 6449: 6429: 5050:

Kuipers ME, de Vries HG, Eikelboom MC, Meijer DK, Swart PJ (November 1999).

4678: 4603:

Wang Y, Wang P, Wang H, Luo Y, Wan L, Jiang M, et al. (December 2020).

3076: 2282: 2101: 2066: 2029: 2023: 1991:. This affects the membrane permeability and results in the cell breakdown ( 1739: 1731: 1697:

chain that contains about 700 amino acids and forms two homologous globular

1684: 1503: 1484: 1083: 656: 534: 479: 466: 378: 365: 267: 5762: 5679: 5644: 5609: 5500: 5481: 5449: 5400: 5351: 5300: 5257: 5208: 5169: 5134: 5085: 5067: 5036: 4995: 4946: 4894: 4840: 4831: 4814: 4799: 4748: 4697: 4638: 4589: 4540: 4503: 4460: 4451: 4434: 4406: 4282: 4231: 4149: 4076: 3969: 3849: 3723: 3680: 3645: 3610: 3138: 3028: 2915: 2836: 2664: 2566: 2224:

could also be completely eradicated with a mixture containing lactoferrin,

4780: 4620: 4556:"Lactoferrin as potential preventative and adjunct treatment for COVID-19" 4365: 4318: 4184: 4019: 3977: 3933: 3884: 3811: 3780: 3502: 3426: 3408: 3377: 3336: 3295: 3263: 3200: 3165: 3095: 2950: 2879: 2515: 2301:

patients. Lactoferrin, a component of innate immunity, prevents bacterial

1409: 1404: 7498: 7450: 7434: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7090: 7085: 7063: 7058: 7018: 6755: 6471: 6439: 6242: 5778: 5116: 4058: 3575:

Liao Y, Lopez V, Shafizadeh TB, Halsted CH, Lönnerdal B (November 2007).

3458: 3441: 2497: 2262: 2225: 2140: 2086: 1988: 1892: 1859:

have the milk RNase level markedly lower than in other groups, and their

1794: 1779: 1727: 1680: 1644: 1393: 1228: 1209: 5552:. United States Food and Drug Administration. 2009-11-05. Archived from 5224:"A novel host defense system of airways is defective in cystic fibrosis" 4729: 4495: 3553: 3255: 2732: 1867:

of milk, and lactoferrin in particular, might play an important role in

30: 7569: 7170: 7053: 6850: 6568: 6511: 6444: 5754: 5711: 5694: 4357: 4176: 2302: 2165: 2150: 2011: 2000: 1999:

cell. Its binding to the bacteria wall is associated with the specific

1950: 1946: 1896: 1775: 1523: 1437: 1195: 1150: 1039:

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

5671: 3876: 3762: 1823:, catalytic, anti-cancer, and anti-allergic functions and properties. 914:

positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 7243: 6962: 6922: 6595: 6261: 5726:

Xavier PL, Chaudhari K, Verma PK, Pal SK, Pradeep T (December 2010).

5465:"Antimicrobial proteins and polypeptides in pulmonary innate defence" 5292: 4962:"Oral lactoferrin treatment of experimental oral candidiasis in mice" 3545: 3494: 2995:"Molecular structure, binding properties and dynamics of lactoferrin" 2270: 2258: 2254: 2153: 2042: 1766:

the iron binding ability of lactoferrin, and might even increase it.

1723: 1668: 1526:, and shows some of its biological functions in complexes with these 1460: 1377: 1105: 6200: 6100:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SEMINAL LACTOFERRIN AT 3.4 A RESOLUTION 5343: 5161: 4223: 3637: 1761:

and other acids. The saturated iron concentration in lactoferrin in

1683:. Concentration of lactoferrin in the milk varies from 7 g/L in the 954:

negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

5391: 5374: 3906:

Odell EW, Sarra R, Foxworthy M, Chapple DS, Evans RW (March 1996).

2006:, which is located at the N-lobe of lactoferrin and is produced by 1903:) has been demonstrated to function as a receptor for lactoferrin. 7137: 7132: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6927: 6912: 6907: 6892: 6879: 6659: 2613:

Animal Breeding: Technology for the 21st Century (Modern Genetics)

2157: 1992: 1900: 1880: 1856: 1852: 1803: 1676: 1468: 1464: 1797:

state of lactoferrin is determined by its concentration and that

1068: 1064: 7318: 7233: 7127: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6917: 6902: 6897: 6887: 3391:

Furmanski P, Li ZP, Fortuna MB, Swamy CV, Das MR (August 1989).

2356: 2355:

Bovine lactoferrin can be isolated from raw milk, colostrum, or

1719: 1718:

Each lactoferrin molecule can reversibly bind two ions of iron,

1672: 1656: 1631: 1456: 1455:

that is widely represented in various secretory fluids, such as

247: 7380: 6823: 6706: 6204: 5798: 2196:. Antifungal activity is observed for sequential incubation of 939:

positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity

5794: 2719:

Groves ML (1960). "The Isolation of a Red Protein from Milk".

2330:(stage II or III) in preterm infants with no adverse effects. 2054: 1832: 1515: 1511: 999:

positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

3152:

Levay PF, Viljoen M (1995). "Lactoferrin: a general review".

2751:"Isolation of an iron-containing red protein from human milk" 1655:

Lactoferrin is one of the transferrin proteins that transfer

1009:

positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

4519:"Inhibition of Mayaro virus infection by bovine lactoferrin" 4338:

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

4094:(10th ed.). Therapeutic Research Faculty. p. 915. 1920:) and an increase in the levels two bone formation markers ( 1627: 1044:

negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

5693:

Cui S, Lv X, Sun G, Wu W, Xu H, Li Y, et al. (2022).

5414:

Andrés MT, Viejo-Diaz M, Pérez F, Fierro JF (April 2005).

5228:

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

2586:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor & Francis. p. 1028. 2139:, which are responsible for several skin diseases such as 1757:, when the pH of tissues decreases due to accumulation of 1004:

positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling

5875:: STRUCTURE OF HUMAN APOLACTOFERRIN AT 2.0 A RESOLUTION. 5784:

LTF on the National Center for Biotechnology Information

4379:

Azzam HS, Goertz C, Fritts M, Jonas WB (February 2007).

503: 5524:. European Medicines Agency. 2009-09-07. Archived from 5522:

Pre-authorisation Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use

3747:"Oxidative radioiodination damage to human lactoferrin" 1643:

helps selecting livestock breeds that are resistant to

1510:

activity to human infants. Lactoferrin interacts with

1471:. Lactoferrin is also present in secondary granules of 2749:

Johansson B, Virtanen AI, Tweit RC, Dodson RM (1960).

2636:

Ali AS, Hasan SS, Kow CS, Merchant HA (October 2021).

3863:

Xanthou M (1998). "Immune protection of human milk".

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Levin RE, Kalidas S, Gopinadhan P, Pometto A (2006).

668: 5099:

Andrés MT, Viejo-Díaz M, Fierro JF (November 2008).

4605:"Lactoferrin for the treatment of COVID-19 (Review)" 2788:

Lactoferrin: natural, multifunctional, antimicrobial

1479:. Lactoferrin can be purified from milk or produced 7560: 7522: 7479: 7469: 7419: 7206: 7184: 7156: 7099: 7072: 7040: 7031: 6986: 6878: 6869: 6781: 6748: 6632: 6604: 6576: 6567: 6524: 6480: 6462: 6415: 6388: 6379: 6344: 6309: 6259: 6250: 6238: 3958:

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

2269:by 50%. Currently, bLF is used as an ingredient in 1945:with columns containing immobilized DNA-containing 1338: 1305: 1279: 1246: 3745:Rosenmund A, Kuyas C, Haeberli A (November 1986). 2965: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2399: 2397: 2395: 727:protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity 4911:Viejo-Díaz M, Andrés MT, Fierro JF (April 2004). 2297:and lactoferrin, with hypothiocyanite missing in 2097:lactoferrin, shows almost no antiviral activity. 984:positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation 450: 349: 4381:"Natural products and chronic hepatitis C virus" 2265:, bovine lactoferrin decreased the incidence of 864:positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation 5181: 5179: 3284:The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1863:rate is three times higher than average. Thus, 1710:Lactoferrin belongs to the basic proteins, its 974:negative regulation of viral genome replication 854:positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation 2425:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032496 2381:Respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system 2010:cleavage of lactoferrin with another protein, 879:regulation of tumor necrosis factor production 767:cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity 7392: 6835: 6718: 6216: 5810: 5791:Lactoferrin Considered Safe to Fight E. Coli. 4560:International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2475: 2473: 894:negative regulation of ATP-dependent activity 869:negative regulation of osteoclast development 8: 7456:Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein 5980:: H253M N TERMINAL LOBE OF HUMAN LACTOFERRIN 4204: 4202: 3440:Adlerova L, Bartoskova A, Faldyna M (2008). 1498:of the body; it has antimicrobial activity ( 1494:Lactoferrin is one of the components of the 949:negative regulation by host of viral process 5580:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3052:"Apoptosis induced by a human milk protein" 2404:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000012223 1014:siderophore-dependent iron import into cell 234:, GIG12, HEL110, HLF2, LF, lactotransferrin 7476: 7399: 7385: 7377: 7037: 6875: 6842: 6828: 6820: 6725: 6711: 6703: 6573: 6385: 6256: 6247: 6223: 6209: 6201: 5860:: OXALATE-SUBSTITUTED DIFERRIC LACTOFERRIN 5817: 5803: 5795: 4854: 4852: 4850: 3823: 3821: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3219:Iron in immunity, cancer, and inflammation 1953:with the immobilized single-stranded DNA. 1079: 859:regulation of transcription, DNA-templated 694: 491: 390: 287: 65: 6691:disorders of globin and globulin proteins 5965:: R210G N-TERMINAL LOBE HUMAN LACTOFERRIN 5950:: R210L N-TERMINAL LOBE HUMAN LACTOFERRIN 5935:: R210E N-TERMINAL LOBE HUMAN LACTOFERRIN 5905:: R210K N-TERMINAL LOBE HUMAN LACTOFERRIN 5710: 5599: 5490: 5480: 5439: 5390: 5247: 5124: 5075: 5026: 4985: 4936: 4884: 4830: 4819:The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 4789: 4779: 4738: 4728: 4687: 4677: 4628: 4579: 4554:Chang R, Ng TB, Sun WZ (September 2020). 4530: 4450: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4396: 4272: 4262: 4131: 4113: 4111: 4066: 3923: 3770: 3600: 3457: 3416: 3326: 3085: 3075: 3018: 2769: 2556: 2505: 2480:Sánchez L, Calvo M, Brock JH (May 1992). 1693:reveals that lactoferrin is based on one 1034:negative regulation of membrane potential 5920:: STRUCTURE OF DICERIC HUMAN LACTOFERRIN 5890:: D60S N-TERMINAL LOBE HUMAN LACTOFERRIN 5845:: RECOMBINANT HUMAN DIFERRIC LACTOFERRIN 4906: 4904: 4330: 4328: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3212: 3210: 2721:Journal of the American Chemical Society 1960: 919:negative regulation of apoptotic process 7148:Structural maintenance of chromosomes 3 5832: 4092:Natural Medicines Comprehensive Databas 2810: 2808: 2791:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 1–2. 2391: 2261:). Also, in another experiment done on 2190:C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis 2021:Lactoferrin prevents the attachment of 1782:. Lactoferrin tends to polymerize both 16:Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens 4090:Jellin JM, Batz F, Hitchens K (2007). 2744: 2742: 2529:Ashraf MF, Zubair D, Arain MA (2023). 2131:Lactoferrin and lactoferricin inhibit 1807:lactoferrin can strongly bind to DNA. 20: 5420:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 5105:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 5056:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 4966:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 4917:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 4865:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 4609:Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 4047:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 4041:Andrés MT, Fierro JF (October 2010). 1630:, the coding sequence consists of 17 455: 416: 411: 354: 313: 308: 7: 3794:Levay PF, Viljoen M (January 1995). 3397:The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2999:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2993:Baker EN, Baker HM (November 2005). 2241:inducing an apoptotic-like process. 2143:. Lactoferrin also acts against the 2089:has been speculated but not proven. 884:negative regulation of viral process 4439:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2931:Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 2609:"Modification of Production Traits" 1965:Lactoferrin (larger protein) and a 5379:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 4299:The Journal of Infectious Diseases 3352:Lactoferrin Structure and Function 3309:Bagby GC, Bennett RM (July 1982). 2943:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1985.tb00757.x 1634:and has a length of about 34,500 1451:with a molecular mass of about 80 1335: 1302: 1276: 1243: 1219: 1200: 1174: 1155: 1129: 1110: 752:serine-type endopeptidase activity 673: 591: 529: 508: 14: 7259:Cholesterylester transfer protein 7109:Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans 5625:American Journal of Ophthalmology 4572:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106118 2536:Biological Trace Element Research 2176:, which resulted in emergence of 2121:severe acute respiratory syndrome 2075:human respiratory syncytial virus 1941:isolation and purification using 1827:Enzymatic activity of lactoferrin 1534:regulatory process as medicines. 959:regulation of cytokine production 6180: 6165: 6150: 6135: 6120: 6105: 6090: 6075: 6060: 6045: 6030: 6015: 6000: 5985: 5970: 5955: 5940: 5925: 5910: 5895: 5880: 5865: 5850: 5835: 5574:Pammi M, Suresh G (March 2020). 5028:10.1097/00002030-200010200-00023 4398:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01408.x 3111:Acta Crystallographica Section D 2615:. Boca Raton: CRC. p. 191. 2486:Archives of Disease in Childhood 2482:"Biological role of lactoferrin" 979:innate immune response in mucosa 439: 432: 426: 403: 338: 331: 325: 300: 29: 5432:10.1128/aac.49.4.1613-1616.2005 4978:10.1128/AAC.47.8.2619-2623.2003 4929:10.1128/AAC.48.4.1242-1248.2004 3796:"Lactoferrin: a general review" 2771:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.14-0510 1883:plays an important role in the 1835:and exhibits the properties of 577:epithelium of lactiferous gland 6670:Extracellular matrix protein 1 5592:10.1002/14651858.CD007137.pub6 4264:10.3390/microorganisms10010110 1936:Interaction with nucleic acids 1019:antimicrobial humoral response 899:antibacterial humoral response 747:serine-type peptidase activity 657:More reference expression data 553:olfactory zone of nasal mucosa 1: 7552:Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin 5637:10.1016/S0002-9394(03)00203-4 5150:Biochemistry and Cell Biology 4877:10.1128/AAC.47.1.262-267.2003 4488:10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00197-8 4350:10.1016/S1357-2725(98)00066-1 4212:Biochemistry and Cell Biology 4142:10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00195-4 4012:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00002-7 3842:10.1016/S0161-5890(03)00152-4 3626:Biochemistry and Cell Biology 3181:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 994:defense response to bacterium 424: 323: 6401:Sex hormone-binding globulin 4717:Journal of Clinical Medicine 3925:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00168-8 3360:10.1007/978-1-4615-2548-6_12 3217:Broc JH, De Sousa M (1989). 3193:10.1016/0304-4165(80)90112-9 2908:10.1016/j.biochi.2008.05.011 2872:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90108-2 2657:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.019 1614:In humans, lactoferrin gene 929:transcription, DNA-templated 7620:Genes on human chromosome 3 7542:Eosinophil cationic protein 7356:Tumor necrosis factor alpha 4532:10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.022 3328:10.1182/blood.V60.1.108.108 2205:than native lactoferricin. 2172:has long been used against 2137:Trichophyton mentagrophytes 1815:Lactoferrin belongs to the 1054:antifungal humoral response 7646: 7346:Thyroxine-binding proteins 5240:10.1164/rccm.200607-1029OC 3661:Osteoporosis International 3593:10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.08.001 2549:10.1007/s12011-023-03658-4 2184:as well as other types of 1891:increases with age in the 838:protein-containing complex 762:lipopolysaccharide binding 635:superior surface of tongue 7587: 7309:Serum amyloid P component 7269:Colony-stimulating factor 6682: 6665:Vitamin D-binding protein 5830: 5201:10.1016/j.nut.2006.05.017 5009:Masci JR (October 2000). 3716:10.1007/s00011-010-0211-7 3673:10.1007/s00198-009-0839-8 3131:10.1107/S0907444998004417 3011:10.1007/s00018-005-5368-9 2829:10.1007/s10528-008-9147-9 2460:"Mouse PubMed Reference:" 2442:"Human PubMed Reference:" 2328:necrotizing enterocolitis 2322:Necrotizing enterocolitis 2245:Anticarcinogenic activity 1793:It is suggested that the 1687:to 1 g/L in mature milk. 1444:family. Lactoferrin is a 1408: 1403: 1399: 1392: 1376: 1370:Chr 9: 110.85 – 110.87 Mb 1357: 1342: 1309: 1298: 1283: 1250: 1239: 1226: 1222: 1207: 1203: 1194: 1181: 1177: 1162: 1158: 1149: 1136: 1132: 1117: 1113: 1104: 1089: 1082: 1078: 1062: 697: 693: 681: 676: 667: 654: 603: 594: 541: 532: 502: 494: 490: 473: 460: 423: 402: 393: 389: 372: 359: 322: 299: 290: 286: 241: 238: 228: 221: 216: 73: 68: 51: 46: 41: 37: 28: 23: 7249:B-cell activating factor 7224:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin 6276:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin 4311:10.1093/infdis/172.2.380 2645:Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2033:than human lactoferrin. 1618:is located on the third 1475:and is secreted by some 1436:), is a multifunctional 1024:neutrophil degranulation 808:phagocytic vesicle lumen 6559:7S seed storage protein 6336:Retinol binding protein 4679:10.1073/pnas.2105815118 3751:The Biochemical Journal 3442:"Lactoferrin: a review" 3077:10.1073/pnas.92.17.8064 2972:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2079:murine leukemia viruses 1943:affinity chromatography 1831:Lactoferrin hydrolyzes 1363:Chr 3: 46.44 – 46.49 Mb 989:humoral immune response 7594:platelet alpha-granule 7284:Membrane glycoproteins 5482:10.1186/1465-9921-7-29 5068:10.1128/AAC.43.11.2635 4452:10.1074/jbc.M207879200 3970:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8466 3865:Biology of the Neonate 3117:(Pt 6 Pt 2): 1319–35. 2218:gastrointestinal tract 2212:reduced the number of 2168:infections in humans. 1978:Antibacterial activity 1974: 1738:residue) and two from 1029:innate immune response 833:tertiary granule lumen 828:specific granule lumen 7547:Eosinophil peroxidase 6742:Non-heme iron protein 6362:alpha-2-Macroglobulin 6175:: Human Lactoferricin 6160:: Human lactoferricin 4781:10.1186/1471-2172-6-2 4621:10.3892/etm.2020.9402 3704:Inflammation Research 3409:10.1084/jem.170.2.415 2611:. In Clark AJ (ed.). 1964: 1957:Clinical significance 1895:and decreases in the 889:immune system process 813:extracellular exosome 7489:Alkaline phosphatase 7421:Azurophilic granules 6809:Tyrosine hydroxylase 6619:Bovine serum albumin 6435:Beta-2 microglobulin 5660:Analytical Chemistry 5469:Respiratory Research 5117:10.1128/AAC.01597-07 4832:10.1093/jac/46.4.595 4525:. 452–453: 297–302. 4165:Archives of Virology 4059:10.1128/AAC.01620-09 3830:Molecular Immunology 3459:10.17221/1978-VETMED 3446:Veterinarni Medicina 2817:Biochemical Genetics 2498:10.1136/adc.67.5.657 2109:natural killer cells 2047:herpes simplex virus 1926:alkaline phosphatase 1881:lactoferrin receptor 1875:Lactoferrin receptor 1839:-specific secretory 1817:innate immune system 1563:Genes of lactoferrin 909:iron ion homeostasis 793:extracellular region 627:olfactory epithelium 457:9 F2|9 60.79 cM 418:Chromosome 9 (mouse) 316:Chromosome 3 (human) 69:List of PDB id codes 42:Available structures 7537:Major basic protein 7289:Myelin protein zero 7214:Activin and inhibin 7014:Phytohaemagglutinin 6799:Iron–sulfur protein 6614:Human serum albumin 6554:11S globulin family 6300:Heparin cofactor II 6290:Alpha 2-antiplasmin 6280:Alpha 1-antitrypsin 5747:2010Nanos...2.2769X 5699:Food Bioengineering 5336:2002Natur.417..552S 5285:2000Natur.407..762S 4730:10.3390/jcm10184276 4670:2021PNAS..11805815M 4445:(12): 10162–10173. 4385:Liver International 3538:1976Natur.262..802D 3487:1974Natur.251..737M 3256:10.1021/bi00133a010 3221:. New York: Wiley. 3123:1998AcCrD..54.1319J 3068:1995PNAS...92.8064H 2733:10.1021/ja01498a029 2361:recombinant protein 2127:Antifungal activity 2085:. Activity against 1651:Molecular structure 1571:is TAA, and TGA in 823:extracellular space 7239:Asialoglycoprotein 6794:Inositol oxygenase 6640:C-reactive protein 6532:Beta-lactoglobulin 5755:10.1039/C0NR00377H 5712:10.1002/fbe2.12003 4476:Antiviral Research 4177:10.1007/BF01322673 4120:Antiviral Research 2607:Pursel VG (1998). 2583:Food biotechnology 2340:Sjögren's syndrome 2037:Antiviral activity 1975: 1928:). It has reduced 1184:ENSMUSG00000032496 969:retina homeostasis 904:bone morphogenesis 847:Biological process 776:Cellular component 757:hydrolase activity 737:peptidase activity 705:Molecular function 611:tibiofemoral joint 7607: 7606: 7583: 7582: 7471:Specific granules 7374: 7373: 7314:Sialoglycoprotein 7202: 7201: 7143:Platelet factor 4 7027: 7026: 6817: 6816: 6700: 6699: 6678: 6677: 6649:Alpha-lactalbumin 6549:Alpha-lactalbumin 6520: 6519: 6492:Fetal fibronectin 6458: 6457: 6375: 6374: 6232:Globular proteins 6198: 6197: 5672:10.1021/ac202061v 4101:978-0-9788205-3-4 3877:10.1159/000014018 3763:10.1042/bj2400239 3369:978-0-306-44734-1 3228:978-0-471-92150-9 2979:978-0-444-50317-6 2798:978-0-8493-0909-0 2785:Naidu AS (2000). 2622:978-90-5702-292-0 2593:978-0-8247-5329-0 2059:hepatitis C virus 1914:deoxypyridinoline 1712:isoelectric point 1691:X-ray diffraction 1545:isoelectric point 1428:), also known as 1419: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1388: 1387: 1353: 1352: 1332: 1331: 1294: 1293: 1273: 1272: 1235: 1234: 1216: 1215: 1190: 1189: 1171: 1170: 1145: 1144: 1126: 1125: 1074: 1073: 788:secretory granule 732:metal ion binding 689: 688: 685: 684: 663: 662: 650: 649: 623:lactiferous gland 588: 587: 573:corpus epididymis 561:bone marrow cells 486: 485: 385: 384: 212: 211: 208: 207: 52:Ortholog search: 7637: 7477: 7441:serine proteases 7407:Contents of the 7401: 7394: 7387: 7378: 7229:Apolipoprotein H 7038: 6999:Intrinsic factor 6876: 6844: 6837: 6830: 6821: 6761:Bacterioferritin 6734:Carrier proteins 6727: 6720: 6713: 6704: 6574: 6418: 6394: 6391:carrier proteins 6386: 6347: 6315: 6312:carrier proteins 6265: 6257: 6248: 6225: 6218: 6211: 6202: 6184: 6169: 6154: 6139: 6124: 6109: 6094: 6079: 6064: 6049: 6034: 6019: 6004: 5989: 5974: 5959: 5944: 5929: 5914: 5899: 5884: 5869: 5854: 5839: 5819: 5812: 5805: 5796: 5767: 5766: 5732: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5603: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5536: 5530: 5519: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5494: 5484: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5443: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5394: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5293:10.1038/35037627 5268: 5262: 5261: 5251: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5183: 5174: 5173: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5128: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5079: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5030: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4989: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4940: 4908: 4899: 4898: 4888: 4856: 4845: 4844: 4834: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4793: 4783: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4742: 4732: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4691: 4681: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4632: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4583: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4534: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4454: 4430: 4419: 4418: 4400: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4344:(9): 1055–1062. 4332: 4323: 4322: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4276: 4266: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4171:(8): 1469–1472. 4160: 4154: 4153: 4135: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4070: 4038: 4032: 4031: 3995: 3982: 3981: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3927: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3825: 3816: 3815: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3774: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3604: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3546:10.1038/262802a0 3521: 3515: 3514: 3495:10.1038/251737a0 3481:(5477): 737–40. 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3420: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3330: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3279: 3268: 3267: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3214: 3205: 3204: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3089: 3079: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3022: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2971: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2812: 2803: 2802: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2758:Acta Chem. Scand 2755: 2746: 2737: 2736: 2716: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2697: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2642: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2560: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2509: 2477: 2468: 2467: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2438: 2432: 2422: 2411: 2401: 2222:Candida albicans 2214:Candida albicans 2203:Candida albicans 2182:Candida albicans 2174:Candida albicans 2146:Candida albicans 2045:, including the 1734:residue and one 1469:nasal secretions 1430:lactotransferrin 1401: 1400: 1372: 1365: 1348: 1336: 1327: 1303: 1299:RefSeq (protein) 1289: 1277: 1268: 1244: 1220: 1201: 1175: 1156: 1130: 1111: 1080: 803:specific granule 712:iron ion binding 695: 674: 659: 599: 597:Top expressed in 592: 581:lactiferous duct 569:seminal vesicula 537: 535:Top expressed in 530: 509: 492: 482: 469: 458: 443: 436: 430: 419: 407: 391: 381: 368: 357: 342: 335: 329: 318: 304: 288: 282: 233: 226: 203: 66: 60: 39: 38: 33: 21: 7645: 7644: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7635: 7634: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7579: 7556: 7518: 7465: 7430:Myeloperoxidase 7415: 7405: 7375: 7370: 7198: 7180: 7152: 7095: 7068: 7023: 6982: 6865: 6848: 6818: 6813: 6777: 6744: 6738:metalloproteins 6731: 6701: 6696: 6695: 6674: 6628: 6600: 6563: 6525:Other globulins 6516: 6476: 6472:Immunoglobulins 6454: 6416: 6411: 6408: 6389: 6371: 6345: 6340: 6310: 6305: 6260: 6252:Alpha globulins 6234: 6229: 6199: 6194: 6191: 6185: 6176: 6170: 6161: 6155: 6146: 6140: 6131: 6125: 6116: 6110: 6101: 6095: 6086: 6080: 6071: 6065: 6056: 6050: 6041: 6035: 6026: 6020: 6011: 6005: 5996: 5990: 5981: 5975: 5966: 5960: 5951: 5945: 5936: 5930: 5921: 5915: 5906: 5900: 5891: 5885: 5876: 5870: 5861: 5855: 5846: 5840: 5826: 5823: 5775: 5770: 5741:(12): 2769–76. 5730: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5692: 5691: 5687: 5666:(21): 8115–22. 5657: 5656: 5652: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5586:(3): CD007137. 5573: 5572: 5568: 5559: 5557: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5344:10.1038/417552a 5330:(6888): 552–5. 5321: 5320: 5316: 5279:(6805): 762–4. 5270: 5269: 5265: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5185: 5184: 5177: 5162:10.1139/o01-239 5147: 5146: 5142: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5062:(11): 2635–41. 5049: 5048: 5044: 5008: 5007: 5003: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4910: 4909: 4902: 4858: 4857: 4848: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4432: 4431: 4422: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4334: 4333: 4326: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4224:10.1139/o01-208 4208: 4207: 4200: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4117: 4116: 4109: 4102: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4053:(10): 4335–42. 4040: 4039: 4035: 3997: 3996: 3985: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3827: 3826: 3819: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3638:10.1139/o11-058 3623: 3622: 3618: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3532:(5571): 802–5. 3523: 3522: 3518: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3370: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3281: 3280: 3271: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3229: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3049: 3048: 3044: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2823:(5–6): 312–22. 2814: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2740: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2695: 2693: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2640: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2594: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2423: 2414: 2402: 2393: 2389: 2377: 2369: 2353: 2348: 2336: 2324: 2299:cystic fibrosis 2295:hypothiocyanite 2291: 2289:Cystic fibrosis 2279:infant formulas 2247: 2235:plasma membrane 2129: 2051:cytomegalovirus 2039: 1980: 1959: 1938: 1909: 1889:gene expression 1885:internalization 1877: 1829: 1813: 1772: 1770:Polymeric forms 1653: 1565: 1560: 1540: 1520:polysaccharides 1410:View/Edit Mouse 1405:View/Edit Human 1368: 1361: 1358:Location (UCSC) 1344: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1285: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1165:ENSG00000012223 1058: 842: 771: 742:protein binding 722:heparin binding 655: 646: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 595: 584: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 549:trabecular bone 547: 533: 477: 464: 456: 446: 445: 444: 437: 417: 394:Gene location ( 376: 363: 355: 345: 344: 343: 336: 314: 291:Gene location ( 280:LTF - orthologs 242: 229: 222: 75: 53: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7643: 7641: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7612: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7528: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7474: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7424: 7417: 7416: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7396: 7389: 7381: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7336:Thrombopoietin 7333: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7210: 7208: 7204: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7190: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7162: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7082: 7080: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7050: 7048: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6855:glycoconjugate 6849: 6847: 6846: 6839: 6832: 6824: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6785: 6783: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6764: 6763: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6707: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6642: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6610: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6582: 6580: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6540: 6539: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6507:Transcobalamin 6504: 6495: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6474: 6468: 6466: 6464:Gamma globulin 6460: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6403: 6397: 6395: 6383: 6381:Beta globulins 6377: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6358: 6350: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6326: 6318: 6316: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6293: 6283: 6268: 6266: 6254: 6245: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6205: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6186: 6179: 6177: 6171: 6164: 6162: 6156: 6149: 6147: 6141: 6134: 6132: 6126: 6119: 6117: 6111: 6104: 6102: 6096: 6089: 6087: 6081: 6074: 6072: 6066: 6059: 6057: 6051: 6044: 6042: 6036: 6029: 6027: 6021: 6014: 6012: 6006: 5999: 5997: 5991: 5984: 5982: 5976: 5969: 5967: 5961: 5954: 5952: 5946: 5939: 5937: 5931: 5924: 5922: 5916: 5909: 5907: 5901: 5894: 5892: 5886: 5879: 5877: 5871: 5864: 5862: 5856: 5849: 5847: 5841: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5786: 5781: 5774: 5773:External links 5771: 5769: 5768: 5718: 5685: 5650: 5615: 5566: 5541: 5506: 5455: 5406: 5392:10.1086/423821 5385:(7): 1245–53. 5365: 5314: 5263: 5214: 5175: 5140: 5111:(11): 4081–8. 5091: 5042: 5021:(15): 2403–4. 5001: 4972:(8): 2619–23. 4952: 4900: 4846: 4825:(4): 595–602. 4805: 4768:BMC Immunology 4754: 4703: 4644: 4595: 4546: 4509: 4482:(2): 153–158. 4466: 4420: 4371: 4324: 4305:(2): 380–388. 4288: 4251:Microorganisms 4237: 4218:(1): 125–130. 4198: 4155: 4133:10.1.1.104.745 4126:(3): 225–239. 4107: 4100: 4082: 4033: 3983: 3947: 3918:(1–2): 175–8. 3898: 3855: 3836:(7): 395–405. 3817: 3786: 3737: 3694: 3667:(9): 1603–11. 3651: 3616: 3567: 3516: 3465: 3432: 3383: 3368: 3342: 3301: 3269: 3250:(18): 4451–8. 3234: 3227: 3206: 3187:(2): 399–408. 3171: 3144: 3101: 3062:(17): 8064–8. 3042: 3005:(22): 2531–9. 2985: 2978: 2956: 2921: 2885: 2850: 2804: 2797: 2777: 2764:(2): 510–512. 2738: 2711: 2702: 2678: 2628: 2621: 2599: 2592: 2572: 2521: 2469: 2451: 2433: 2412: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2376: 2373: 2368: 2367:Nanotechnology 2365: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2335: 2332: 2323: 2320: 2310:status by the 2290: 2287: 2246: 2243: 2210:aphthous ulcer 2160:) that causes 2128: 2125: 2038: 2035: 1979: 1976: 1958: 1955: 1937: 1934: 1908: 1905: 1876: 1873: 1855:women in West 1828: 1825: 1812: 1809: 1799:polymerization 1771: 1768: 1730:residues, one 1652: 1649: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1539: 1536: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1397: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1374: 1373: 1366: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1340: 1339: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1307: 1306: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1281: 1280: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1248: 1247: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1224: 1223: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1205: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1179: 1178: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1160: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1115: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1060: 1059: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 850: 848: 844: 843: 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 779: 777: 773: 772: 770: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 708: 706: 702: 701: 691: 690: 687: 686: 683: 682: 679: 678: 671: 665: 664: 661: 660: 652: 651: 648: 647: 645: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 615:lacrimal gland 612: 608: 604: 601: 600: 589: 586: 585: 583: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 539: 538: 526: 525: 517: 506: 500: 499: 496:RNA expression 488: 487: 484: 483: 475: 471: 470: 462: 459: 454: 448: 447: 438: 431: 425: 421: 420: 415: 409: 408: 400: 399: 387: 386: 383: 382: 374: 370: 369: 361: 358: 353: 347: 346: 337: 330: 324: 320: 319: 312: 306: 305: 297: 296: 284: 283: 240: 236: 235: 227: 219: 218: 214: 213: 210: 209: 206: 205: 71: 70: 62: 61: 50: 44: 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7642: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7625:Glycoproteins 7623: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7615: 7600: 7599: 7598:dense granule 7595: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7521: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7504:NADPH oxidase 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7478: 7475: 7472: 7468: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7402: 7397: 7395: 7390: 7388: 7383: 7382: 7379: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7341:Thyroglobulin 7339: 7337: 7334: 7330: 7329:Glycophorin C 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7155: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7033:Proteoglycans 7030: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7009:Peptidoglycan 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6863:glycopeptides 6860: 6859:glycoproteins 6856: 6852: 6845: 6840: 6838: 6833: 6831: 6826: 6825: 6822: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6762: 6759: 6758: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6728: 6723: 6721: 6716: 6714: 6709: 6708: 6705: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6606:Serum albumin 6603: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6544:Thyroglobulin 6542: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6502:Microglobulin 6499: 6498:Macroglobulin 6496: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6414: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6330:Ceruloplasmin 6327: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6313: 6308: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6221: 6219: 6214: 6212: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6189: 6183: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6103: 6099: 6093: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6013: 6009: 6003: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5820: 5815: 5813: 5808: 5806: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5719: 5713: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5689: 5686: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5654: 5651: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5619: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5567: 5556:on 2009-12-24 5555: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5531:on 2010-05-30 5527: 5523: 5516: 5510: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5459: 5456: 5451: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5426:(4): 1613–6. 5425: 5421: 5417: 5410: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5369: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5315: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5234:(2): 174–83. 5233: 5229: 5225: 5218: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5144: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5046: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5005: 5002: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4923:(4): 1242–8. 4922: 4918: 4914: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4809: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4704: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4648: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4599: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4566:(3): 106118. 4565: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4292: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3964:(3): 764–73. 3963: 3959: 3951: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3871:(2): 121–33. 3870: 3866: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3806:(3): 252–67. 3805: 3801: 3800:Haematologica 3797: 3790: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3757:(1): 239–45. 3756: 3752: 3748: 3741: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3710:(11): 971–8. 3709: 3705: 3698: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3632:(3): 329–38. 3631: 3627: 3620: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3587:(3): 584–90. 3586: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3520: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3403:(2): 415–29. 3402: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3343: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3321:(1): 108–12. 3320: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3290:(1): 127–38. 3289: 3285: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3160:(3): 252–67. 3159: 3155: 3154:Haematologica 3148: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2989: 2986: 2981: 2975: 2970: 2969: 2960: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2937:(4): 326–31. 2936: 2932: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2889: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2854: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2781: 2778: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2715: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2632: 2629: 2624: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2600: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2525: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2492:(5): 657–61. 2491: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2372: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2350: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2194:C. tropicalis 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2162:opportunistic 2159: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2004:lactoferricin 2002: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1918:N-telopeptide 1915: 1907:Bone activity 1906: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1865:ribonucleases 1862: 1861:breast cancer 1858: 1854: 1850: 1849:breast cancer 1846: 1842: 1841:ribonucleases 1838: 1834: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1821:antiparasitic 1818: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1755:inflammations 1752: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1736:aspartic acid 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1705: 1704:glycosylation 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1626:3q21-q23. In 1625: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1508:antibacterial 1505: 1501: 1497: 1496:immune system 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481:recombinantly 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1290: 1288: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1240:RefSeq (mRNA) 1238: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 924:ion transport 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 851: 849: 846: 845: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 780: 778: 775: 774: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 709: 707: 704: 703: 700: 699:Gene ontology 696: 692: 680: 675: 672: 670: 666: 658: 653: 643:body of femur 642: 638: 634: 631:parotid gland 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 605: 602: 598: 593: 590: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 557:parotid gland 556: 552: 548: 544: 543: 540: 536: 531: 528: 527: 524: 522: 518: 516: 515: 511: 510: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 481: 476: 472: 468: 463: 453: 449: 442: 435: 429: 422: 414: 410: 406: 401: 397: 392: 388: 380: 375: 371: 367: 362: 352: 348: 341: 334: 328: 321: 317: 311: 307: 303: 298: 294: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 237: 232: 225: 220: 215: 204: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 72: 67: 64: 63: 59: 56: 49: 45: 40: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 7630:Transferrins 7591: 7514:Cathelicidin 7493: 7445:Proteinase 3 7413:granulocytes 7278: 7254:4-1BB ligand 7166:Fibromodulin 6871:Mucoproteins 6804:Lipoxygenase 6767: 6687: 6536: 6296:Antithrombin 6187: 6172: 6157: 6142: 6127: 6112: 6097: 6082: 6067: 6052: 6037: 6022: 6007: 5992: 5977: 5962: 5947: 5932: 5917: 5902: 5887: 5872: 5857: 5842: 5738: 5734: 5721: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5663: 5659: 5653: 5631:(2): 291–9. 5628: 5624: 5618: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5558:. Retrieved 5554:the original 5544: 5533:. Retrieved 5526:the original 5521: 5509: 5472: 5468: 5458: 5423: 5419: 5409: 5382: 5378: 5368: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5195:(9): 940–6. 5192: 5188: 5156:(1): 131–6. 5153: 5149: 5143: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5018: 5014: 5004: 4969: 4965: 4955: 4920: 4916: 4871:(1): 262–7. 4868: 4864: 4822: 4818: 4808: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4723:(18): 4276. 4720: 4716: 4706: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4522: 4512: 4496:11573/250295 4479: 4475: 4469: 4442: 4438: 4391:(1): 17–25. 4388: 4384: 4374: 4341: 4337: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4215: 4211: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4123: 4119: 4091: 4085: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4006:(2): 205–8. 4003: 4000:FEBS Letters 3999: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3915: 3912:FEBS Letters 3911: 3901: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3833: 3829: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3449: 3445: 3435: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3351: 3345: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3287: 3283: 3247: 3244:Biochemistry 3243: 3237: 3218: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3114: 3110: 3104: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2967: 2959: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2902:(1): 68–75. 2899: 2895: 2888: 2866:(2): 265–9. 2863: 2859: 2853: 2820: 2816: 2787: 2780: 2761: 2757: 2727:(13): 3345. 2724: 2720: 2714: 2705: 2694:. 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