1052:(linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion) secretions hence augmentation of the lactoperoxidase system may have therapeutic applications. Furthermore, addition or augmentation of the lactoperoxidase system has potential applications in controlling bacteria in food and consumer health care products. The lactoperoxidase system does not attack DNA and is not mutagenic. However, under certain conditions, the lactoperoxidase system may contribute to oxidative stress. Furthermore, lactoperoxidase may contribute to the initiation of
247:
224:
121:
146:
1393:. The ability of lactoperoxidase to propagate a chain reaction leading to oxygen consumption and intracellular hydrogen peroxide accumulation could explain the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA base lesions recently reported in female breast cancer tissue. Lactoperoxidase may be involved in breast carcinogenesis, because of its ability to interact with estrogenic hormones and oxidise them through two one-electron reaction steps. Lactoperoxidase reacts with the
1352:. Both the hypothiocyanite and the hypoiodate ion products are very potent and importantly non-specific antiviral oxidants which are lethal, even in small concentrations, to the influenza virus. The anti-viral activity of lactoperoxidase is enhanced with increasing concentrations of iodide ion. This enzyme has been shown effective against a highly dangerous and tough RNA virus (poliovirus) and a long-lived DNA virus (vaccina).
253:
152:
29:
4996:
2633:
2589:
1438:. Being components of the pellicle, these enzymes are catalytically highly active. Also, as part of tooth pastes, the lactoperoxidase system has a beneficial influence to avoid early childhood caries by reducing the number of colonies formed by the cariogenic microflora while increasing the thiocyanate concentration. With
1266:
Lactoperoxidase is an effective antimicrobial agent and is used as an antibacterial agent in reducing bacterial microflora in milk and milk products. Activation of the lactoperoxidase system by addition of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate extends the shelf life of refrigerated raw milk. It is fairly
1257:
Lactoperoxidase is an effective antimicrobial and antiviral agent. Consequently, applications of lactoperoxidase are being found in preserving food, cosmetics, and ophthalmic solutions. Furthermore, lactoperoxidase have found application in dental and wound treatment. Finally lactoperoxidase may find
1372:
in buffer; however, in whole human saliva, it seems to have a weaker effect against this microbe. It has been shown that lactoperoxidase in the presence of thiocyanide can catalyze the bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide under specific conditions when hydrogen peroxide is present
1240:
microorganisms. Research (1984): "The effect of lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide mixtures on bacteria is dependent on experimental conditions. If the bacteria are cultured after the exposure to lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide on nutrient agar under aerobic conditions, they
1317:
The antibacterial and anti-viral activities of lactoperoxidase play an important role in the mammalian immune defense system; the lactoperoxidase system is considered the first line of defense against airborne bacteria and viral agents. Importantly, lactoperoxidase is also extruded into the lung,
1303:
Antibody conjugates of glucose oxidase and to lactoperoxidase have been found to effective in killing tumor cells in vitro. In addition, macrophages exposed to lactoperoxidase are stimulated to kill cancer cells. Knockout mice deficient in lactoperoxidase suffer ill-health and develop tumors.
1465:; in combination with lactoferrin and lysozyme, lactoperoxidase helps to improve symptoms of xerostomia. Furthermore, gels with lactoperoxidase help to improve symptoms of oral cancer when saliva production is compromised due to irradiation. In this case, also the oral bacterial
3592:
Hugoson A, Koch G, Thilander H, Hoogendoorn H (1974). "Lactoperoxidase in the prevention of plaque accumulation, gingivitis and dental caries. 3. Effect of mouthrinses with amyloglucosidase and glucoseoxidase in the model system of experimental gingivitis and caries in man".
1405:. In addition, lactoperoxidase may activate carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines and increase binding levels of activated products to DNA, which suggests a potential role of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed activation of carcinogens in the causation of breast cancer.
3907:
Gil-Montoya JA, Guardia-López I, González-Moles MA (March 2008). "Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a mouthwash and oral gel containing the antimicrobial proteins lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and lactoferrin in elderly patients with dry mouth--a pilot study".
1413:
During the last decades, several clinical studies describing the clinical efficacy of the lactoperoxidase system in a variety of oral care products (tooth pastes, mouth rinses) have been published. After showing indirectly, by means of measuring experimental
2631:, Galley E, Godfrey DC, Guthrie WG, Hodgkinson DM, Linnington HL, "Antimicrobial Compositions Containing Iodide, Thiocyanate, Glucose And Glucose Oxidase", published 1997-03-04, assigned to The Boots Company PLC
990:
secreted from mammary, salivary and other mucosal glands including the lungs, bronchii and nose that functions as a natural and the first line of defense against bacteria and viruses. Lactoperoxidase is a member of the
2647:
Stanislawski M, Rousseau V, Goavec M, Ito H (October 1989). "Immunotoxins containing glucose oxidase and lactoperoxidase with tumoricidal properties: in vitro killing effectiveness in a mouse plasmacytoma cell model".
2367:
Roger V, Tenovuo J, Lenander-Lumikari M, Söderling E, Vilja P (1994). "Lysozyme and lactoperoxidase inhibit the adherence of
Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 (serotype c) to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite in vitro".
2478:
Zajac M, Glandys J, Skarzynska M, Härnulv G, Eilertsen K (1983). "Milk quality preservation by heat treatment or activation of the lactoperoxidase system in combination with refrigerated storage".
2040:
Singh AK, Smith ML, Yamini S, Ohlsson PI, Sinha M, Kaur P, et al. (October 2012). "Bovine carbonyl lactoperoxidase structure at 2.0Å resolution and infrared spectra as a function of pH".
1373:
in excess of thiocyanide. The combination of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanide is much more effective than hydrogen peroxide alone to inhibit bacterial metabolism and growth.
1037:
and antiviral activities, including destruction of the influenza virus. Lactoperoxidase together with its inorganic ion substrates, hydrogen peroxide, and oxidized products is known as the
2261:
Courtois P, Majerus P, Labbé M, Vanden
Abbeele A, Yourassowsky E, Pourtois M (September 1992). "Susceptibility of anaerobic microorganisms to hypothiocyanite produced by lactoperoxidase".
4237:"The inhibition of streptococci by lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide. The effect of the inhibitory system on susceptible and resistant strains of group N streptococci"
3655:
Hannig C, Spitzmüller B, Lux HC, Altenburger M, Al-Ahmad A, Hannig M (July 2010). "Efficacy of enzymatic toothpastes for immobilisation of protective enzymes in the in situ pellicle".
3862:"Effects of a composition containing lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase on oral malodor and salivary bacteria: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial"
3170:
Mikola H, Waris M, Tenovuo J (March 1995). "Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1, respiratory syncytial virus and echovirus type 11 by peroxidase-generated hypothiocyanite".
1232:
effects, hence lactoperoxidase is part of the antimicrobial defense system in tissues that express lactoperoxidase. The lactoperoxidase system is effective in killing a range of
1041:. Hence LPO is considered a very important defense against invasive bacteria and viral agents such as influenza and the SARS-CoV-2 virus when sufficient iodine is provided.
3943:
Nagy K, Urban E, Fazekas O, Thurzo L, Nagy E (September 2007). "Controlled study of lactoperoxidase gel on oral flora and saliva in irradiated patients with oral cancer".
3557:
Gorlewska-Roberts KM, Teitel CH, Lay JO, Roberts DW, Kadlubar FF (December 2004). "Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed activation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines".
1951:
Sipe HJ, Jordan SJ, Hanna PM, Mason RP (November 1994). "The metabolism of 17 beta-estradiol by lactoperoxidase: a possible source of oxidative stress in breast cancer".
2675:
Lefkowitz DL, Hsieh TC, Mills K, Castro A (1990). "Induction of tumor necrosis factor and cytotoxicity by macrophages exposed to lactoperoxidase and microperoxidase".
1241:
may not grow, whereas they grow readily on blood agar under anaerobic conditions." In its antimicrobial capacity, lactoperoxidase appears to acts synergistically with
260:
159:
2587:, Poulson OM, "Enzyme-containing bactericidal composition, and dental and wound treatment preparations comprising this composition", published 1988-04-21
1360:
The duox2-lactoperoxidase system has been shown to offer protection against many dozens of bacteria and mycoplasmas including varieties of the clinically important
3790:
Kirstilä V, Lenander-Lumikari M, Tenovuo J (December 1994). "Effects of a lactoperoxidase-system-containing toothpaste on dental plaque and whole saliva in vivo".
3728:
Jyoti S, Shashikiran ND, Reddy VV (2009). "Effect of lactoperoxidase system containing toothpaste on cariogenic bacteria in children with early childhood caries".
1478:
1336:
patients is decreased, resulting in a reduced production of the antimicrobial hypothiocyanite and consequently contributes to increased risk of airway infection.
2185:
Pruitt KM, Tenovuo J, Andrews RW, McKane T (February 1982). "Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate: polarographic study of the oxidation products".
4280:"The inhibition of streptococci by lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation of thiocyanate and the nature of the inhibitory compound"
1660:
Kiser C, Caterina CK, Engler JA, Rahemtulla B, Rahemtulla F (September 1996). "Cloning and sequence analysis of the human salivary peroxidase-encoding cDNA".
3825:
Marino R, Torretta S, Capaccio P, Pignataro L, Spadari F (September 2010). "Different therapeutic strategies for burning mouth syndrome: preliminary data".
3763:
van
Steenberghe D, Van den Eynde E, Jacobs R, Quirynen M (April 1994). "Effect of a lactoperoxidase containing toothpaste in radiation-induced xerostomia".
4321:
Hannuksela S, Tenovuo J, Roger V, Lenander-Lumikari M, Ekstrand J (1994). "Fluoride inhibits the antimicrobial peroxidase systems in human whole saliva".
2759:
Wijkstrom-Frei C, El-Chemaly S, Ali-Rachedi R, Gerson C, Cobas MA, Forteza R, et al. (August 2003). "Lactoperoxidase and human airway host defense".
717:
82:
3205:
Pourtois M, Binet C, Van
Tieghem N, Courtois PR, Vandenabbeele A, Thirty L (May 1991). "Saliva can contribute in quick inhibition of HIV infectivity".
1695:
Kohler H, Jenzer H (1989). "Interaction of lactoperoxidase with hydrogen peroxide. Formation of enzyme intermediates and generation of free radicals".
698:
2093:
Singh AK, Singh N, Sharma S, Singh SB, Kaur P, Bhushan A, et al. (February 2008). "Crystal structure of lactoperoxidase at 2.4 A resolution".
1430:
activate the lactoperoxidase system, the protective mechanism of the enzymes in oral care products has been partially elucidated. Enzymes such as
3988:"A double-blind, crossover study of Biotène Oralbalance and BioXtra systems as salivary substitutes in patients with post-radiotherapy xerostomia"
2420:"Topographical arrangement of membrane proteins in the intact myelin sheath. Lactoperoxidase incorproation of iodine into myelin surface proteins"
1625:
Dull TJ, Uyeda C, Strosberg AD, Nedwin G, Seilhamer JJ (September 1990). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding bovine and human lactoperoxidase".
4027:
Matear DW, Barbaro J (January 2005). "Effectiveness of saliva substitute products in the treatment of dry mouth in the elderly: a pilot study".
2150:
Wever R, Kast WM, Kasinoedin JH, Boelens R (December 1982). "The peroxidation of thiocyanate catalysed by myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase".
1258:
application as anti-tumor and anti viral agents. Lactoperoxidase has been used with radioactive iodine to selectively label membrane surfaces.
2557:
Marks NE, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ (2008). "Use of hydrogen peroxide detection strips to determine the extent of pasteurization in whole milk".
5016:
4488:
4126:
3408:
2612:
1742:
1609:
1584:
1557:
2499:"Changes in Bacteriological Quality of Raw Milk Stabilized by Activation of its Lactoperoxidase System and Stored at Different Temperatures"
1539:
1283:. Lactoperoxidase has been used in toothpaste or a mouthrinse to reduce oral bacteria and consequently the acid produced by those bacteria.
246:
4350:
Aune TM, Thomas EL (March 1978). "Oxidation of protein sulfhydryls by products of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate ion".
921:
928:
223:
4715:
3467:"Antibacterial activity of hydrogen peroxide and the lactoperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-thiocyanate system against oral streptococci"
3426:"Sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori to an innate defence mechanism, the lactoperoxidase system, in buffer and in human whole saliva"
1077:
992:
2929:
Thomas EL, Bates KP, Jefferson MM (September 1980). "Hypothiocyanite ion: detection of the antimicrobial agent in human saliva".
2131:
de Wit JN, van
Hooydonk AC (1996). "Structure, functions and applications of lactoperoxidase in natural antimicrobial systems".
1801:"Increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity"
1526:
1505:
145:
120:
4871:
2974:"Lactoperoxidase, peroxide, thiocyanate antimicrobial system: correlation of sulfhydryl oxidation with antimicrobial action"
1522:
1600:
Pruitt KM, Reiter B (1985). "Biochemistry of peroxidase systems: antimicrobial effects". In
Tenovuo JO, Pruitt KM (eds.).
4986:
3242:"Susceptibility of influenza viruses to hypothiocyanite and hypoiodite produced by lactoperoxidase in a cell-free system"
1993:"Can estrogenic radicals, generated by lactoperoxidase, be involved in the molecular mechanism of breast carcinogenesis?"
1501:
2603:
Hoogedoorn H (1985). "Activation of the salivary peroxidase system: clinical studies". In
Tenovuo JO, Pruitt KM (eds.).
1349:
62:
1457:. A combination of lysozyme and lactoperoxidase can be applied to support the treatment of the burning mouth syndrome (
3023:"The antioxidant role of thiocyanate in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and other inflammation-related diseases"
2804:
Conner GE, Salathe M, Forteza R (December 2002). "Lactoperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide metabolism in the airway".
2459:
Reiter B.; Härnulv BG. "The preservation of refrigerated and uncooled milk by its natural lactoperoxidase system".
259:
158:
4856:
4076:"High dissociation rate constant of ferrous-dioxy complex linked to the catalase-like activity in lactoperoxidase"
4972:
4959:
4946:
4933:
4920:
4907:
4894:
4644:
4514:
4481:
4866:
3399:
Tenovuo JO (1985). "Biochemistry of
Peroxidase System: Antimicrobial Effects". In Tenovuo JO, Pruitt KM (eds.).
252:
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1850:"Iodide supplementation of the anti-viral duox-lactoperoxidase activity may prevent some SARS-CoV-2 infections"
1219:
1200:
762:
70:
4768:
4632:
4542:
2222:"Challenge testing the lactoperoxidase system against a range of bacteria using different activation agents"
743:
4416:"Lactoperoxidase Antibacterial System: Natural Occurrence, Biological Functions and Practical Applications"
4381:"Inhibition of the Antibacterial Lactoperoxidase-Thiocyanate-Hydrogen Peroxide System by Heat-Treated Milk"
2584:
4602:
4552:
3299:
Fischer AJ, Lennemann NJ, Krishnamurthy S, Pócza P, Durairaj L, Launspach JL, et al. (October 2011).
2768:
1799:
Derscheid RJ, van Geelen A, Berkebile AR, Gallup JM, Hostetter SJ, Banfi B, et al. (February 2014).
4789:
4708:
4547:
4532:
1085:
134:
4861:
3514:
Løvstad RA (December 2006). "A kinetic study on the lactoperoxidase catalyzed oxidation of estrogens".
2628:
4474:
3357:
3253:
3034:
2538:
Korhonen H (1980). "A new method for preserving raw milk: The lactoperoxidase antibacterial system".
1345:
1045:
2773:
49:
4825:
1402:
1369:
1057:
881:
830:
1450:
formation and gingivitis. More studies are required to examine further the protective mechanisms.
5021:
4758:
4617:
4117:
Ekstrand B (1994). "Lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin". In
Beuchat LR, Dillon VM, Board RG (eds.).
4105:
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Moskwa P, Lorentzen D, Excoffon KJ, Zabner J, McCray PB, Nauseef WM, et al. (January 2007).
2954:
2065:
2022:
1575:
Tenovuo JO (1985). "The peroxidase system in human secretions". In
Tenovuo JO, Pruitt KM (eds.).
1237:
1089:
94:
4138:"Lactoperoxidase: physico-chemical properties, occurrence, mechanism of action and applications"
1033:. The oxidized products produced through the action of this enzyme have potent and non-specific
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3842:
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3574:
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3003:
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2741:
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2520:
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2202:
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2110:
2083:
2057:
2014:
1968:
1928:
1879:
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1712:
1677:
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1605:
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42:
4804:
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4773:
4701:
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4291:
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4149:
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3999:
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3214:
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3142:
3129:
Minarowski Ł, Sands D, Minarowska A, Karwowska A, Sulewska A, Gacko M, Chyczewska E (2008).
3101:
3093:
3052:
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2985:
2938:
2901:
2860:
2852:
2813:
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2723:
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2510:
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2194:
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2102:
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2004:
1960:
1918:
1910:
1869:
1861:
1820:
1812:
1771:
1704:
1669:
1634:
1386:
1295:(GOD), iodide and thiocyanate is claimed to be effective in the preservations of cosmetics.
1233:
1215:
1010:
339:
270:
214:
169:
4456:
1344:
Peroxidase-generated hypoiodous acid (HOI), hypoiodite and hypothiocyanite all destroy the
4851:
4835:
4748:
4662:
4657:
4612:
4522:
3348:
Belding ME, Klebanoff SJ, Ray CG (January 1970). "Peroxidase-mediated virucidal systems".
2888:
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1196:
1168:
1148:
1081:
314:
4466:
3620:
Midda M, Cooksey MW (November 1986). "Clinical uses of an enzyme-containing dentifrice".
2712:"Deletion of the lactoperoxidase gene causes multisystem inflammation and tumors in mice"
1760:"Iodine and Selenium as Antiviral Agents: Potential Relevance to SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19"
90:
3741:
3693:
Hannig C, Hannig M, Attin T (February 2005). "Enzymes in the acquired enamel pellicle".
3361:
3257:
3038:
5000:
4889:
4830:
4497:
4304:
4279:
4261:
4236:
3633:
3325:
3300:
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3241:
3106:
3081:
3057:
3022:
2906:
2889:
2865:
2840:
2736:
2711:
1874:
1849:
1825:
1800:
1361:
1329:
1093:
1026:
4197:
4172:
3668:
3491:
3466:
2998:
2973:
2890:"Lactoperoxidase: structural insights into the function,ligand binding and inhibition"
2436:
2419:
2317:
2292:
1923:
1898:
632:
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581:
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530:
5010:
4794:
4753:
4648:
4004:
3987:
3921:
3838:
3706:
3218:
3183:
2841:"The lactoperoxidase system links anion transport to host defense in cystic fibrosis"
2688:
2570:
2163:
1708:
1673:
1454:
1447:
1390:
1365:
1053:
517:
4109:
4056:
3893:
3543:
3385:
2069:
2026:
1324:
is one of the reactive intermediates produced by the activity of lactoperoxidase on
74:
28:
4743:
3972:
2958:
1434:, lactoperoxidase and glucose oxidase are transferred from the tooth pastes to the
1280:
1229:
332:
111:
4188:
3860:
Shin K, Yaegaki K, Murata T, Ii H, Tanaka T, Aoyama I, et al. (August 2011).
3482:
3301:"Enhancement of respiratory mucosal antiviral defenses by the oxidation of iodide"
2989:
2856:
2308:
2293:"Bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of hypothiocyanite-hydrogen peroxide mixtures"
3956:
3369:
3266:
2942:
2839:
Conner GE, Wijkstrom-Frei C, Randell SH, Fernandez VE, Salathe M (January 2007).
2515:
2498:
1442:
patients, tooth pastes with the lactoperoxidase system are seemingly superior to
98:
4967:
4902:
4738:
4565:
4173:"Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by the lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system"
3861:
2152:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology
1964:
1562:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1544:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1458:
1453:
The application of lactoperoxidase is not restricted to caries, gingivitis, and
1325:
1242:
1158:
1144:
1069:
1034:
1030:
4995:
4432:
4415:
4397:
4380:
4040:
3097:
3027:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2727:
2009:
1992:
1865:
415:
4622:
4501:
4154:
4137:
3877:
3803:
3527:
3147:
3130:
2106:
2053:
1439:
1415:
1276:
1073:
984:
231:
128:
78:
3316:
2782:
1816:
1785:
613:
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste
4941:
4915:
3424:
Haukioja A, Ihalin R, Loimaranta V, Lenander M, Tenovuo J (September 2004).
3047:
1462:
1382:
1006:
662:
475:
353:
298:
285:
197:
184:
86:
4441:
4406:
4163:
4101:
4092:
4075:
4048:
4013:
3964:
3929:
3885:
3846:
3749:
3714:
3676:
3578:
3535:
3451:
3334:
3285:
3156:
3115:
3066:
2915:
2874:
2825:
2790:
2745:
2524:
2247:
2114:
2061:
2018:
1883:
1834:
1638:
4342:
4313:
4270:
4227:
4206:
3811:
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3641:
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3500:
3442:
3425:
3377:
3226:
3191:
2950:
2696:
2661:
2445:
2389:
2353:
2326:
2274:
2238:
2221:
2206:
2171:
1972:
1932:
1899:"Peroxidase-thiocyanate-peroxide antibacterial system does not damage DNA"
1716:
1681:
1646:
1267:
heat resistant and is used as an indicator of overpasteurization of milk.
968:
963:
4537:
4371:
3986:
Shahdad SA, Taylor C, Barclay SC, Steen IN, Preshaw PM (September 2005).
3007:
2817:
1914:
1443:
1431:
1398:
1246:
952:
788:
4363:
3082:"A novel host defense system of airways is defective in cystic fibrosis"
2198:
1275:
A lactoperoxidase system is claimed to appropriate for the treatment of
1776:
1759:
1423:
1222:
1203:
1188:
1154:
1049:
1018:
774:
729:
4334:
4295:
4252:
3570:
2497:
Zajac M, Gladys J, Skarzynska M, Härnulv G, Björck L (December 1983).
2381:
2087:
4954:
4724:
1419:
1394:
1211:
1207:
1192:
1164:
1022:
987:
936:
684:
4928:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4074:
Galijasevic S, Saed GM, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM (September 2004).
1466:
1368:
types. The lactoperoxidase system efficiently inhibits the common
3465:
Thomas EL, Milligan TW, Joyner RE, Jefferson MM (February 1994).
3401:
The Lactoperoxidase system: chemistry and biological significance
3240:
Patel U, Gingerich A, Widman L, Sarr D, Tripp RA, Rada B (2018).
3131:"Thiocyanate concentration in saliva of cystic fibrosis patients"
2605:
The Lactoperoxidase system: chemistry and biological significance
1735:
The Lactoperoxidase system: chemistry and biological significance
1602:
The Lactoperoxidase system: chemistry and biological significance
1577:
The Lactoperoxidase system: chemistry and biological significance
995:
family of enzymes. In humans, lactoperoxidase is encoded by the
647:
643:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4560:
1228:
These relatively short lived oxidized intermediates have potent
1097:
999:
66:
4697:
4470:
2340:
Reiter B (1983). "The biological significance of lactoferrin".
1056:, through its ability to oxidize estrogenic hormones producing
4214:
Korhonen H, Meriläinen V, Antila M, Kouvalainen K (1980). "".
2407:. Chicago, IL: American Dairy Products Institute. p. 54.
1422:
parameters, that mouth rinses containing amyloglucosidase (γ-
4029:
The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health
1461:). In combination with lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase combats
2894:
International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
1897:
White WE, Pruitt KM, Mansson-Rahemtulla B (February 1983).
4693:
3305:
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
3086:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
2806:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
2761:
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
1805:
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
1044:
The lactoperoxidase system plays an important role in the
4171:
Thomas EL, Pera KA, Smith KW, Chwang AK (February 1983).
1991:
Ghibaudi EM, Laurenti E, Beltramo P, Ferrari RP (2000).
1332:
proteins, also known as Duox2. Thiocyanate secretion in
322:
1025:
and therefore lactoperoxidase can be categorised as a
4984:
487:
1728:
1726:
1068:
The structure of lactoperoxidase consists mainly of
4880:
4844:
4813:
4782:
4731:
4643:
4513:
4136:Kussendrager KD, van Hooijdonk AC (November 2000).
4119:
Natural antimicrobial systems and food preservation
3688:
3686:
899:
874:
848:
823:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1100:cofactor is bound near the center of the protein.
4379:Ekstrand B, Mullan WM, Waterhouse A (June 1985).
2405:Biological properties of whey components a review
269:
168:
2291:Carlsson J, Edlund MB, Hänström L (June 1984).
1986:
1984:
1982:
1848:Smith ML, Sharma S, Singh TP (September 2021).
1009:the oxidation of several inorganic and organic
2286:
2284:
2220:Fweja LW, Lewis MJ, Grandison AS (July 2008).
2126:
2124:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1523:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000009356
1479:Respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system
4709:
4482:
8:
3730:The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
1502:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167419
1385:by lactoperoxidase is a possible source of
1291:A combination of lactoperoxidase, glucose,
1120:) oxidation of several acceptor molecules:
4716:
4702:
4694:
4489:
4475:
4467:
1764:Archives of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
658:
513:
310:
209:
106:
4459:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
4431:
4396:
4303:
4260:
4216:Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja
4196:
4153:
4091:
4003:
3490:
3441:
3324:
3275:
3265:
3146:
3105:
3056:
3046:
2997:
2905:
2864:
2772:
2735:
2559:International Journal of Dairy Technology
2514:
2435:
2342:International Journal of Tissue Reactions
2316:
2237:
2008:
1922:
1873:
1824:
1775:
1446:-containing tooth pastes with respect to
3827:Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine
1080:of mammalian enzymes that also includes
4991:
1489:
1210:. Glucose, in turn, can be formed from
16:Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
4414:Reiter B, Härnulv G (September 1984).
2607:. New York: Dekker. pp. 217–228.
2418:Poduslo JF, Braun PE (February 1975).
1854:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
18:
1903:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1214:in the presence of the saliva enzyme
274:
235:
230:
173:
132:
127:
7:
3021:Xu Y, Szép S, Lu Z (December 2009).
2133:Netherlands Milk & Dairy Journal
1733:Tenovuo JO, Pruitt KM, eds. (1985).
462:vestibular membrane of cochlear duct
4080:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3945:The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
3742:10.17796/jcpd.33.4.83331867x68w120n
3135:Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
2424:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1697:Free Radical Biology & Medicine
623:hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
3634:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb01433.x
3622:Journal of Clinical Periodontology
1328:and hydrogen peroxide produced by
1029:. An other important substrate is
896:
871:
845:
820:
798:
779:
753:
734:
708:
689:
492:
410:
348:
327:
14:
4278:Oram JD, Reiter B (August 1966).
4235:Oram JD, Reiter B (August 1966).
3695:European Journal of Oral Sciences
3669:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.03.020
3403:. New York: Dekker. p. 272.
1737:. New York: Dekker. p. 272.
1604:. New York: Dekker. p. 272.
1579:. New York: Dekker. p. 272.
1076:. Lactoperoxidase belongs to the
4994:
4142:The British Journal of Nutrition
4005:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2005.00587.x
3922:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2007.00197.x
3839:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00922.x
3707:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00180.x
3219:10.1097/00002030-199105000-00022
2571:10.1046/j.1471-0307.2001.00008.x
1048:by killing bacteria in milk and
258:
251:
245:
222:
157:
150:
144:
119:
27:
3992:European Journal of Cancer Care
3559:Chemical Research in Toxicology
3430:Journal of Medical Microbiology
2972:Thomas EL, Aune TM (May 1978).
2585:WO application WO1988002600
603:cellular oxidant detoxification
531:thiocyanate peroxidase activity
3792:Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
1195:in the presence of the enzyme
1108:Lactoperoxidase catalyzes the
476:More reference expression data
368:olfactory zone of nasal mucosa
1:
4189:10.1128/IAI.39.2.767-778.1983
3483:10.1128/IAI.62.2.529-535.1994
2990:10.1128/IAI.20.2.456-463.1978
2857:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.025
2437:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41895-4
2309:10.1128/IAI.44.3.581-586.1984
1187:) usually is the reaction of
628:thiocyanate metabolic process
608:defense response to bacterium
243:
142:
5017:Genes on human chromosome 17
3957:10.1097/scs.0b013e3180de6311
3866:Clinical Oral Investigations
3765:International Dental Journal
3370:10.1126/science.167.3915.195
3267:10.1371/journal.pone.0199167
3184:10.1016/0166-3542(94)00073-H
2943:10.1177/00220345800590090201
2689:10.1016/0024-3205(90)90625-2
2516:10.4315/0362-028x-46.12.1065
2164:10.1016/0167-4838(82)90463-0
2095:Journal of Molecular Biology
1709:10.1016/0891-5849(89)90059-2
1674:10.1016/0378-1119(96)00078-9
1350:human immunodeficiency virus
1072:plus two short antiparallel
618:response to oxidative stress
4121:. Oxon: CAB International.
1758:Rayman MP (November 2020).
1206:) that also takes place in
1140:Specific examples include:
1017:. These substrates include
572:basolateral plasma membrane
5038:
4433:10.4315/0362-028X-47.9.724
4420:Journal of Food Protection
4398:10.4315/0362-028X-48.6.494
4385:Journal of Food Protection
4041:10.1177/146642400512500113
3098:10.1164/rccm.200607-1029OC
2931:Journal of Dental Research
2728:10.1038/s41598-021-91745-8
2710:Yamakaze J, Lu, Z (2021).
2503:Journal of Food Protection
2263:Acta Stomatologica Belgica
2010:10.1179/135100000101535672
1866:10.1038/s41430-021-00995-2
1469:are influenced favorably.
1318:bronchii and nasal mucus.
400:superior surface of tongue
4872:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
4155:10.1017/S0007114500002208
3878:10.1007/s00784-010-0422-x
3804:10.3109/00016359409029032
3528:10.1007/s10534-006-0002-3
3148:10.2478/v10042-008-0037-0
2107:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.12.012
2054:10.1007/s10930-012-9436-3
1965:10.1093/carcin/15.11.2637
1558:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1540:"Human PubMed Reference:"
967:
962:
958:
951:
935:
916:
903:
878:
867:
852:
827:
816:
805:
801:
786:
782:
773:
760:
756:
741:
737:
728:
715:
711:
696:
692:
683:
668:
661:
657:
641:
516:
512:
500:
495:
486:
473:
422:
413:
360:
351:
321:
313:
309:
292:
279:
242:
221:
212:
208:
191:
178:
141:
118:
109:
105:
60:
57:
47:
40:
35:
26:
21:
4764:Diffusion-limited enzyme
4628:Iodothyronine deiodinase
4461:Medical Subject Headings
3657:Archives of Oral Biology
3317:10.1165/rcmb.2010-0329OC
2783:10.1165/rcmb.2002-0152OC
2226:Journal of Dairy Science
1817:10.1165/rcmb.2012-0529OC
1094:prostaglandin H synthase
922:Chr 17: 58.22 – 58.27 Mb
4633:Iodotyrosine deiodinase
4543:Cytochrome c peroxidase
4284:The Biochemical Journal
4241:The Biochemical Journal
3048:10.1073/pnas.0911412106
1132:→ oxidized acceptor + H
929:Chr 11: 87.7 – 87.72 Mb
536:oxidoreductase activity
4603:Horseradish peroxidase
4553:Glutathione peroxidase
4177:Infection and Immunity
4093:10.1074/jbc.M406003200
3471:Infection and Immunity
2978:Infection and Immunity
2297:Infection and Immunity
1639:10.1089/dna.1990.9.499
1078:heme peroxidase family
1039:lactoperoxidase system
633:cell redox homeostasis
53:, SPO, lactoperoxidase
4857:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
4790:Allosteric regulation
4548:Eosinophil peroxidase
4533:Fatty-acid peroxidase
3443:10.1099/jmm.0.45548-0
2239:10.3168/jds.2007-0322
1308:Clinical significance
1086:eosinophil peroxidase
577:extracellular exosome
376:minor salivary glands
237:Chromosome 11 (mouse)
135:Chromosome 17 (human)
4867:Lineweaver–Burk plot
4148:(Suppl. 1): S19-25.
2818:10.1164/rccm.2206018
1915:10.1128/aac.23.2.267
1627:DNA and Cell Biology
1401:to produce reactive
1356:Bacterial infections
1346:herpes simplex virus
1313:Innate immune system
1124:reduced acceptor + H
1046:innate immune system
567:extracellular region
4364:10.1021/bi00599a010
3362:1970Sci...167..195B
3258:2018PLoSO..1399167P
3039:2009PNAS..10620515X
2812:(12 Pt 2): S57-61.
2199:10.1021/bi00532a023
2042:The Protein Journal
1370:helicobacter pylori
582:extracellular space
551:peroxidase activity
446:seminiferous tubule
434:submandibular gland
4826:Enzyme superfamily
4759:Enzyme promiscuity
4618:Thyroid peroxidase
3172:Antiviral Research
2716:Scientific Reports
2403:Harper WJ (2000).
1090:thyroid peroxidase
763:ENSMUSG00000009356
596:Biological process
560:Cellular component
524:Molecular function
4982:
4981:
4691:
4690:
4335:10.1159/000262016
4296:10.1042/bj1000382
4253:10.1042/bj1000373
4128:978-0-85198-878-8
3595:Odontologisk Revy
3571:10.1021/tx049787n
3436:(Pt 9): 855–860.
3410:978-0-8247-7298-7
2614:978-0-8247-7298-7
2509:(12): 1065–1068.
2480:Milchwissenschaft
2382:10.1159/000262015
1744:978-0-8247-7298-7
1611:978-0-8247-7298-7
1586:978-0-8247-7298-7
1381:The oxidation of
1177:hydrogen peroxide
1110:hydrogen peroxide
1015:hydrogen peroxide
978:
977:
974:
973:
947:
946:
912:
911:
893:
892:
863:
862:
842:
841:
812:
811:
795:
794:
769:
768:
750:
749:
724:
723:
705:
704:
653:
652:
546:metal ion binding
508:
507:
504:
503:
482:
481:
469:
468:
407:
406:
392:mucosa of pharynx
384:bone marrow cells
305:
304:
204:
203:
5029:
4999:
4998:
4990:
4862:Hanes–Woolf plot
4805:Enzyme activator
4800:Enzyme inhibitor
4774:Enzyme catalysis
4718:
4711:
4704:
4695:
4528:NADPH peroxidase
4491:
4484:
4477:
4468:
4445:
4435:
4410:
4400:
4375:
4346:
4317:
4307:
4274:
4264:
4231:
4210:
4200:
4167:
4157:
4132:
4113:
4095:
4086:(38): 39465–70.
4061:
4060:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4007:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3494:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3445:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3269:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3001:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2909:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2776:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2656:(20): 5497–504.
2644:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2090:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2012:
1988:
1977:
1976:
1948:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1777:10.36959/379/357
1755:
1749:
1748:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1509:
1499:
1387:oxidative stress
1340:Viral infections
1216:amyloglucosidase
1005:Lactoperoxidase
960:
959:
931:
924:
907:
897:
888:
872:
868:RefSeq (protein)
858:
846:
837:
821:
799:
780:
754:
735:
709:
690:
659:
514:
493:
478:
438:seminal vesicula
418:
416:Top expressed in
411:
396:substantia nigra
356:
354:Top expressed in
349:
328:
311:
301:
288:
277:
262:
255:
249:
238:
226:
210:
200:
187:
176:
161:
154:
148:
137:
123:
107:
101:
52:
45:
31:
19:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4993:
4985:
4983:
4978:
4890:Oxidoreductases
4876:
4852:Enzyme kinetics
4840:
4836:List of enzymes
4809:
4778:
4749:Catalytic triad
4727:
4722:
4692:
4687:
4639:
4613:Myeloperoxidase
4608:Lactoperoxidase
4523:NADH peroxidase
4509:
4498:Oxidoreductases
4495:
4457:Lactoperoxidase
4453:
4448:
4413:
4378:
4349:
4323:Caries Research
4320:
4277:
4234:
4213:
4170:
4135:
4129:
4116:
4073:
4069:
4067:Further reading
4064:
4026:
4025:
4021:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3692:
3691:
3684:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3565:(12): 1659–66.
3556:
3555:
3551:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3356:(3915): 195–6.
3347:
3346:
3342:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3252:(7): e0199167.
3239:
3238:
3234:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3033:(48): 20515–9.
3020:
3019:
3015:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2774:10.1.1.325.1962
2758:
2757:
2753:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2650:Cancer Research
2646:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2540:World Anim. Rev
2537:
2536:
2532:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2430:(3): 1099–105.
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2370:Caries Research
2366:
2365:
2361:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2039:
2038:
2034:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1959:(11): 2637–43.
1950:
1949:
1940:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1521:
1512:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1475:
1428:glucose oxidase
1411:
1379:
1358:
1342:
1334:cystic fibrosis
1322:Hypothiocyanite
1315:
1310:
1301:
1293:glucose oxidase
1289:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1197:glucose oxidase
1186:
1182:
1149:hypothiocyanite
1135:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1082:myeloperoxidase
1066:
1060:intermediates.
993:heme peroxidase
981:Lactoperoxidase
969:View/Edit Mouse
964:View/Edit Human
927:
920:
917:Location (UCSC)
905:
884:
880:
854:
833:
829:
744:ENSG00000167419
637:
591:
555:
474:
465:
460:
456:
454:temporal muscle
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
414:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
352:
296:
283:
275:
265:
264:
263:
256:
236:
213:Gene location (
195:
182:
174:
164:
163:
162:
155:
133:
110:Gene location (
99:LPO - orthologs
61:
48:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5035:
5033:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5009:
5008:
5004:
5003:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4963:
4950:
4937:
4924:
4911:
4898:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4814:Classification
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4698:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4452:
4451:External links
4449:
4447:
4446:
4426:(9): 724–732.
4411:
4391:(6): 494–498.
4376:
4358:(6): 1005–10.
4347:
4318:
4275:
4232:
4218:(in Finnish).
4211:
4168:
4133:
4127:
4114:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4019:
3978:
3951:(5): 1157–64.
3935:
3899:
3852:
3817:
3782:
3755:
3736:(4): 299–303.
3720:
3682:
3647:
3612:
3584:
3549:
3506:
3457:
3416:
3409:
3391:
3340:
3291:
3232:
3213:(5): 598–600.
3197:
3162:
3121:
3072:
3013:
2964:
2937:(9): 1466–72.
2921:
2880:
2831:
2796:
2751:
2702:
2667:
2639:
2620:
2613:
2595:
2576:
2549:
2530:
2489:
2470:
2461:Dairy Ind. Int
2451:
2410:
2395:
2359:
2332:
2280:
2253:
2232:(7): 2566–74.
2212:
2177:
2142:
2120:
2101:(4): 1060–75.
2075:
2048:(7): 598–608.
2032:
1978:
1953:Carcinogenesis
1938:
1889:
1860:(4): 629–630.
1840:
1791:
1750:
1743:
1722:
1687:
1652:
1633:(7): 499–509.
1617:
1610:
1592:
1585:
1567:
1549:
1531:
1510:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1410:
1407:
1378:
1375:
1362:Staphylococcus
1357:
1354:
1341:
1338:
1330:dual oxidase 2
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1288:
1285:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1262:Dairy products
1260:
1254:
1251:
1184:
1180:
1175:Source of the
1173:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1102:
1065:
1062:
1027:haloperoxidase
976:
975:
972:
971:
966:
956:
955:
949:
948:
945:
944:
942:
940:
933:
932:
925:
918:
914:
913:
910:
909:
901:
900:
894:
891:
890:
876:
875:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
850:
849:
843:
840:
839:
825:
824:
818:
814:
813:
810:
809:
803:
802:
796:
793:
792:
784:
783:
777:
771:
770:
767:
766:
758:
757:
751:
748:
747:
739:
738:
732:
726:
725:
722:
721:
713:
712:
706:
703:
702:
694:
693:
687:
681:
680:
675:
670:
666:
665:
655:
654:
651:
650:
639:
638:
636:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
599:
597:
593:
592:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
563:
561:
557:
556:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
527:
525:
521:
520:
510:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
490:
484:
483:
480:
479:
471:
470:
467:
466:
464:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:lacrimal gland
427:
423:
420:
419:
408:
405:
404:
402:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
357:
345:
344:
336:
325:
319:
318:
315:RNA expression
307:
306:
303:
302:
294:
290:
289:
281:
278:
273:
267:
266:
257:
250:
244:
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
219:
218:
206:
205:
202:
201:
193:
189:
188:
180:
177:
172:
166:
165:
156:
149:
143:
139:
138:
131:
125:
124:
116:
115:
103:
102:
59:
55:
54:
46:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5034:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4831:Enzyme family
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Cooperativity
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:Oxyanion hole
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4705:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:peroxiredoxin
4646:
4642:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4329:(6): 429–34.
4328:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4247:(2): 373–81.
4246:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4222:(3): 184–99.
4221:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4183:(2): 767–78.
4182:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3998:(4): 319–26.
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3910:Gerodontology
3903:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3872:(4): 485–93.
3871:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3798:(6): 346–53.
3797:
3793:
3786:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3759:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:(10): 950–6.
3627:
3623:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3522:(6): 587–92.
3521:
3517:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:(2): 529–35.
3476:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3311:(4): 874–81.
3310:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3178:(2): 161–71.
3177:
3173:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3092:(2): 174–83.
3091:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2984:(2): 456–63.
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2900:(3): 108–28.
2899:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2767:(2): 206–12.
2766:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:Life Sciences
2671:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2640:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2269:(3): 155–62.
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2003:(4): 229–35.
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1909:(2): 267–72.
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:(2): 389–97.
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:(3): 323–39.
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:periodontitis
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1403:free radicals
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:breast cancer
1388:
1384:
1377:Breast cancer
1376:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:Streptococcus
1363:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:alpha-helices
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:breast cancer
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
998:
994:
989:
986:
982:
970:
965:
961:
957:
954:
950:
943:
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
923:
919:
915:
908:
902:
898:
895:
889:
887:
883:
877:
873:
870:
866:
859:
857:
851:
847:
844:
838:
836:
832:
826:
822:
819:
817:RefSeq (mRNA)
815:
808:
804:
800:
797:
791:
790:
785:
781:
778:
776:
772:
765:
764:
759:
755:
752:
746:
745:
740:
736:
733:
731:
727:
720:
719:
714:
710:
707:
701:
700:
695:
691:
688:
686:
682:
679:
676:
674:
671:
667:
664:
660:
656:
649:
645:
640:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
598:
595:
594:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
562:
559:
558:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:Gene ontology
515:
511:
499:
494:
491:
489:
485:
477:
472:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:parotid gland
425:
424:
421:
417:
412:
409:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:parotid gland
363:
362:
359:
355:
350:
347:
346:
343:
341:
337:
335:
334:
330:
329:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
300:
295:
291:
287:
282:
272:
268:
261:
254:
248:
241:
233:
229:
225:
220:
216:
211:
207:
199:
194:
190:
186:
181:
171:
167:
160:
153:
147:
140:
136:
130:
126:
122:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
51:
44:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
4968:Translocases
4965:
4952:
4939:
4926:
4913:
4903:Transferases
4900:
4887:
4744:Binding site
4607:
4557:
4423:
4419:
4388:
4384:
4355:
4352:Biochemistry
4351:
4326:
4322:
4290:(2): 382–8.
4287:
4283:
4244:
4240:
4219:
4215:
4180:
4176:
4145:
4141:
4118:
4083:
4079:
4035:(1): 35–41.
4032:
4028:
4022:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3833:(8): 611–6.
3830:
3826:
3820:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3771:(2): 133–8.
3768:
3764:
3758:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3698:
3694:
3663:(7): 463–9.
3660:
3656:
3650:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3601:(1): 69–80.
3598:
3594:
3587:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3400:
3394:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3141:(2): 245–6.
3138:
3134:
3124:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3030:
3026:
3016:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2851:(2): 271–8.
2848:
2845:FEBS Letters
2844:
2834:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2722:(1): 12429.
2719:
2715:
2705:
2683:(8): 703–9.
2680:
2676:
2670:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2623:
2604:
2598:
2579:
2565:(1): 20–22.
2562:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2404:
2398:
2376:(6): 421–8.
2373:
2369:
2362:
2348:(1): 87–96.
2345:
2341:
2335:
2303:(3): 581–6.
2300:
2296:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2193:(3): 562–7.
2190:
2187:Biochemistry
2186:
2180:
2158:(2): 212–9.
2155:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2132:
2098:
2094:
2078:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2000:
1997:Redox Report
1996:
1956:
1952:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1734:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1668:(2): 261–4.
1665:
1661:
1655:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1601:
1595:
1576:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1452:
1412:
1380:
1359:
1343:
1320:
1316:
1302:
1290:
1281:paradentosis
1274:
1265:
1256:
1253:Applications
1236:and certain
1230:bactericidal
1227:
1174:
1139:
1107:
1074:beta-strands
1067:
1058:free radical
1043:
1038:
1035:bactericidal
1004:
996:
980:
979:
904:
882:NP_001153574
879:
853:
831:NM_001160102
828:
806:
787:
761:
742:
716:
697:
677:
672:
541:heme binding
338:
331:
276:11|11 C
58:External IDs
4739:Active site
4515:1.11.1.1-14
4502:peroxidases
3701:(1): 2–13.
2467:(5): 13–19.
1459:glossodynia
1326:thiocyanate
1243:lactoferrin
1159:hypobromite
1145:thiocyanate
1092:(TPO), and
1031:thiocyanate
297:87,719,115
284:87,697,254
196:58,268,518
183:58,218,548
36:Identifiers
5011:Categories
4942:Isomerases
4916:Hydrolases
4783:Regulation
4623:Deiodinase
3916:(1): 3–9.
2629:US 5607681
2139:: 227–244.
1529:, May 2017
1508:, May 2017
1485:References
1440:xerostomia
1416:gingivitis
1397:A-ring of
1277:gingivitis
1169:hypoiodite
1096:(PGHS). A
1011:substrates
985:peroxidase
342:(ortholog)
79:HomoloGene
5022:EC 1.11.1
4821:EC number
4645:1.11.1.15
3516:Biometals
2769:CiteSeerX
2091:;
1786:2689-8772
1770:(1): 69.
1463:halitosis
1409:Oral Care
1399:estrogens
1383:estradiol
1364:and many
1287:Cosmetics
1271:Oral care
1238:anaerobic
1147:(SCN) →
1064:Structure
1007:catalyzes
886:NP_006142
856:NM_080420
835:NM_006151
663:Orthologs
587:cytoplasm
87:GeneCards
4845:Kinetics
4769:Cofactor
4732:Activity
4538:Catalase
4442:30934451
4407:30943594
4164:11242442
4110:30280587
4102:15258136
4057:36508570
4049:15712851
4014:16098116
3965:17912104
3930:18194332
3894:21991883
3886:20512389
3847:20701667
3750:19725235
3715:15693823
3677:20417500
3579:15606142
3544:19254664
3536:16944280
3452:15314191
3386:24040241
3335:21441383
3286:30044776
3246:PLOS ONE
3157:18519245
3116:17082494
3067:19918082
2916:24049667
2875:17204267
2826:12471090
2791:12626341
2746:34127712
2546:: 23–29.
2525:30921865
2248:18565914
2115:18191143
2070:22945713
2062:22886082
2027:24253204
2019:10994878
1884:34471253
1835:24053146
1525:–
1504:–
1473:See also
1444:fluoride
1436:pellicle
1432:lysozyme
1395:phenolic
1247:lysozyme
1104:Function
953:Wikidata
642:Sources:
5001:Biology
4955:Ligases
4725:Enzymes
4343:7850846
4314:5338806
4305:1265146
4271:4290983
4262:1265145
4228:7192622
4207:6832819
3973:1253647
3812:7887144
3777:8063434
3642:3098804
3607:4522423
3501:8300211
3378:4311694
3358:Bibcode
3350:Science
3326:3208616
3277:6059396
3254:Bibcode
3227:1650564
3192:7605114
3107:2720149
3058:2777967
3035:Bibcode
2959:7717994
2951:6931123
2907:3776144
2866:1851694
2737:8203638
2697:2402192
2662:2790777
2446:1112791
2390:7850845
2354:6345430
2327:6724690
2275:1481764
2207:7066307
2172:6295491
1973:7955118
1933:6340603
1875:8408568
1826:3930944
1717:2545551
1682:8964511
1647:2222811
1527:Ensembl
1506:Ensembl
1424:amylase
1234:aerobic
1223:3.2.1.3
1204:1.1.3.4
1189:glucose
1157:(Br) →
1155:bromide
1088:(EPO),
1084:(MPO),
1050:mucosal
1019:bromide
775:UniProt
730:Ensembl
669:Species
648:QuickGO
372:trachea
317:pattern
75:1923363
43:Aliases
4987:Portal
4929:Lyases
4463:(MeSH)
4440:
4405:
4372:204336
4370:
4341:
4312:
4302:
4269:
4259:
4226:
4205:
4198:348016
4195:
4162:
4125:
4108:
4100:
4055:
4047:
4012:
3971:
3963:
3928:
3892:
3884:
3845:
3810:
3775:
3748:
3713:
3675:
3640:
3605:
3577:
3542:
3534:
3499:
3492:186138
3489:
3450:
3407:
3384:
3376:
3333:
3323:
3284:
3274:
3225:
3190:
3155:
3114:
3104:
3065:
3055:
3008:352945
3006:
2999:421877
2996:
2957:
2949:
2914:
2904:
2873:
2863:
2824:
2789:
2771:
2744:
2734:
2695:
2660:
2635:
2611:
2591:
2523:
2444:
2388:
2352:
2325:
2318:263633
2315:
2273:
2246:
2205:
2170:
2113:
2068:
2060:
2025:
2017:
1971:
1931:
1924:186035
1921:
1882:
1872:
1833:
1823:
1784:
1741:
1715:
1680:
1645:
1608:
1583:
1448:plaque
1426:) and
1420:caries
1299:Cancer
1212:starch
1208:saliva
1193:oxygen
1167:(I) →
1165:iodide
1151:(OSCN)
1023:iodide
988:enzyme
939:search
937:PubMed
789:P22079
685:Entrez
488:BioGPS
458:embryo
450:cervix
442:embryo
67:150205
4881:Types
4508:1.11)
4106:S2CID
4053:S2CID
3969:S2CID
3890:S2CID
3540:S2CID
3382:S2CID
2955:S2CID
2486:(11).
2066:S2CID
2023:S2CID
1467:flora
1191:with
1161:(BrO)
983:is a
718:76113
678:Mouse
673:Human
644:Amigo
380:gonad
340:Mouse
333:Human
280:Start
215:Mouse
179:Start
175:17q22
112:Human
83:21240
4973:list
4966:EC7
4960:list
4953:EC6
4947:list
4940:EC5
4934:list
4927:EC4
4921:list
4914:EC3
4908:list
4901:EC2
4895:list
4888:EC1
4438:PMID
4403:PMID
4368:PMID
4339:PMID
4310:PMID
4267:PMID
4224:PMID
4203:PMID
4160:PMID
4123:ISBN
4098:PMID
4045:PMID
4010:PMID
3961:PMID
3926:PMID
3882:PMID
3843:PMID
3808:PMID
3773:PMID
3746:PMID
3711:PMID
3673:PMID
3638:PMID
3603:PMID
3575:PMID
3532:PMID
3497:PMID
3448:PMID
3405:ISBN
3374:PMID
3331:PMID
3282:PMID
3223:PMID
3207:AIDS
3188:PMID
3153:PMID
3112:PMID
3063:PMID
3004:PMID
2947:PMID
2912:PMID
2871:PMID
2822:PMID
2787:PMID
2742:PMID
2693:PMID
2658:PMID
2609:ISBN
2521:PMID
2442:PMID
2386:PMID
2350:PMID
2323:PMID
2271:PMID
2244:PMID
2203:PMID
2168:PMID
2111:PMID
2088:2r5l
2058:PMID
2015:PMID
1969:PMID
1929:PMID
1880:PMID
1831:PMID
1782:ISSN
1739:ISBN
1713:PMID
1678:PMID
1662:Gene
1643:PMID
1606:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1418:and
1348:and
1279:and
1245:and
1171:(IO)
1098:heme
1021:and
1000:gene
699:4025
388:gums
323:Bgee
271:Band
232:Chr.
170:Band
129:Chr.
63:OMIM
4558:GPX
4428:doi
4393:doi
4360:doi
4331:doi
4300:PMC
4292:doi
4288:100
4257:PMC
4249:doi
4245:100
4193:PMC
4185:doi
4150:doi
4088:doi
4084:279
4037:doi
4033:125
4000:doi
3953:doi
3918:doi
3874:doi
3835:doi
3800:doi
3738:doi
3703:doi
3699:113
3665:doi
3630:doi
3567:doi
3524:doi
3487:PMC
3479:doi
3438:doi
3366:doi
3354:167
3321:PMC
3313:doi
3272:PMC
3262:doi
3215:doi
3180:doi
3143:doi
3102:PMC
3094:doi
3090:175
3053:PMC
3043:doi
3031:106
2994:PMC
2986:doi
2939:doi
2902:PMC
2861:PMC
2853:doi
2849:581
2814:doi
2810:166
2779:doi
2732:PMC
2724:doi
2685:doi
2567:doi
2511:doi
2432:doi
2428:250
2378:doi
2313:PMC
2305:doi
2234:doi
2195:doi
2160:doi
2156:709
2103:doi
2099:376
2084:PDB
2050:doi
2005:doi
1961:doi
1919:PMC
1911:doi
1870:PMC
1862:doi
1821:PMC
1813:doi
1772:doi
1705:doi
1670:doi
1666:173
1635:doi
1389:in
1225:).
1013:by
997:LPO
906:n/a
807:n/a
496:n/a
293:End
192:End
95:OMA
91:LPO
71:MGI
50:LPO
22:LPO
5013::
4506:EC
4500::
4436:.
4424:47
4422:.
4418:.
4401:.
4389:48
4387:.
4383:.
4366:.
4356:17
4354:.
4337:.
4327:28
4325:.
4308:.
4298:.
4286:.
4282:.
4265:.
4255:.
4243:.
4239:.
4220:96
4201:.
4191:.
4181:39
4179:.
4175:.
4158:.
4146:84
4144:.
4140:.
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4096:.
4082:.
4078:.
4051:.
4043:.
4031:.
4008:.
3996:14
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3949:18
3947:.
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3914:25
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3870:15
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3831:39
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3626:13
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1492:^
1249:.
1220:EC
1201:EC
1179:(H
1112:(H
1002:.
646:/
299:bp
286:bp
198:bp
185:bp
93:;
89::
85:;
81::
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