746:, pp. 101–102: "Second difference is the existence of nasal vocals in Gheg which is not a characteristic of Tosk even sometimes the nasality is not really stressed. This nasal-oral feature, according to Desnickaja, forms one of the elements which differentiate the Albanian dialects whereas Gjinari cites Dilo Sheper who said that there are also some nasal vocals in some places of Eastern Albania such as in Kurvelesh and Himarë but the information at that time did not confirmed that".
672:
598:
523:
336:
1259:
185:
650:
Although the idea that the Gheg/Tosk split is the oldest and most significant dialectal division in
Albanian is widely viewed as canon, Lab has been found to exhibit certain "Gheg" grammatical characteristics (in addition to limited phonological characteristics such as retention of nasalization in
434:
distinction (lost elsewhere in Tosk). Although the loss of nasal vowels in Tosk is said to be a diagnostic feature separating
Southern (Tosk) Albanian from Northern (Gheg) Albanian, Albanian linguists Dilo Sheper and Gjinari have reported that there are nasal vowels present in the Lab dialects of
443:, which would mean there are in fact Tosk dialects with nasal vowels, contrary to prior assumptions, although some Albanian writers like Paçarizi expressed uncertainty about the reports. Menela Totoni, meanwhile, has detected the presence of nasal vowels in the extreme southern town of
447:. Paçarizi notes that the presence of nasal vowels in Lab might imply that the loss of nasals in Tosk can no longer be viewed as the taxonomical difference between Gheg and Tosk, and that it may have occurred in the majority of Tosk dialects after Tosk had already split from Gheg.
275:
areal linguistics include its peculiar mix of conservative and innovative features, the lack (in some varieties) of typical
Albanian Balkanisms like the admirative, and the presence of features typical of Northern Gheg dialects despite it being a Southern dialect.
702:
It is believed that Lab
Albanian split from its sibling dialects of Cham, Arvanitika and Arbereshe some time in the Middle Ages. Since then, its features have evolved through a variety of influences: language contact with
628:
Lab and its sister dialect, Cham, have been found to lack many of the particularities that wider
Albanian has in morphological rules and syntactical patterns. Some but not all Lab dialects lack the
1093:
711:, isolation in mountainous regions and influence from Gheg dialects as Gheg speakers migrated to Lab areas in the Late Middle Ages and during the Ottoman era .
636:
Lab has exerted some influence on
Standard Albanian, for example causing the emergence of the short particle due to its use (in Lab) for compound past tenses.
987:
290:
Labërishtja is a subdivision of the
Southern Tosk group, which is itself a subdivision of Tosk Albanian, the collection of Albanian dialects south of the
921:
651:
selected Lab subdialects). Features that are typical of Gheg but not Tosk dialects but which are nevertheless found in Lab include the presence of the
633:
mood, typically considered a curious and unique particularism of
Albanian although there are also related phenomena in some Bulgarian dialects.
892:
980:
197:
643:) + subjunctive formation of the future tense, which is more typically characteristic of remote Gheg dialects such as the
488:
557:
than
Standard Albanian, which is based on a dialect of Tosk proper, specifically the one from the ethnographic region of
462:
370:
1283:
1262:
1112:
973:
367:
207:
930:
1055:
1039:
1022:
455:
85:
1060:
1029:
469:
384:
237:
143:
1144:
418:
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404:
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295:
652:
1149:
1194:
1154:
1017:
377:
1179:
1065:
644:
436:
303:
1239:
1224:
1214:
1184:
1134:
1098:
1075:
996:
888:
882:
868:
708:
502:/ɛ/ . Many Lab dialects also pronounce the schwa at the end of words, saying instead of for
480:
387:
285:
272:
240:
229:
95:
47:
639:
Laberishtja also is peculiar in that certain Lab dialects may have (limited) use of a "have"(
1229:
1219:
1189:
554:
1244:
1234:
1070:
248:
77:
704:
291:
260:
256:
128:
671:
597:
522:
335:
175:
1277:
1171:
1129:
1121:
870:
Albanian in the Balkan
Linguistic League: A Consideration of Theoretical Implications
424:
100:
431:
428:
139:
135:
264:
299:
184:
372:), thus merging it with the /i/ phoneme, and a velar articulation for Albanian
1161:
656:
630:
484:
307:
268:
244:
68:
558:
311:
168:
156:
17:
243:
dialect associated with the wider definition of the ethnographic region of
1034:
561:
due to its usage by Albanian nationalist writers. The past participle of
252:
215:
203:
90:
211:
58:
251:. Under this wider definition of Labëria, Lab Albanian stretches from
440:
315:
965:
957:
Totoni, Menella (1971). "Vëzhgime rreth të folmeve të Kurveleshit".
444:
366:
Features typical of Lab include the unrounding of Albanian /y/ (
969:
961:(in Albanian). Tirana: Universiteti i Tiranës. pp. 31–117.
666:
592:
517:
330:
390:, Albanians from elsewhere may be shocked to hear words like
510:/ɛ/ may also become a schwa in Lab before nasal consonants.
948:
Totoni, Menella (1964). "E folmja e bregdetit të poshtëm".
214:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
683:
609:
534:
347:
386:). As such, in areas where Lab is less influenced by
423:
Lab also has some features that are more typical of
1207:
1170:
1120:
1111:
1094:
Linguistic parallels with Eastern Romance languages
1086:
1048:
1010:
1003:
166:
154:
149:
125:
74:
64:
54:
42:
32:
959:Dialektologjia shqiptare I, In Domi, Mahir (ed.)
406:). Likewise, Lab Albanians may say they speak "
306:of the old Albanian diaspora in Italy, and the
271:. Notable aspects of Lab in Albanian and wider
952:(in Albanian). Tirana: Universiteti i Tiranës.
981:
294:. As such, it is most closely related to the
8:
573:as in standard) and the past participle of
189:Distribution of Albanian language dialects.
1117:
1007:
988:
974:
966:
427:dialects than Tosk ones: it preserves the
183:
29:
929:. University of Pristina. Archived from
851:
839:
827:
803:
779:
767:
743:
731:
906:(in Albanian). Prishtinë: Universiteti.
724:
208:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
815:
791:
755:
464:dark L) in many Lab dialects, leading
46:
27:Dialect of Albanian spoken in Labëria
7:
25:
1258:
1257:
915:. Vol. 8. pp. 271–293.
670:
596:
521:
334:
479:Certain Lab dialects shift the
472:, "large") to be pronounced as
457:) may also be represented as a
498:), while others merge it with
1:
589:Morphological and syntactical
397:, grandfather) pronounced as
553:Lab Albanian uses different
887:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
884:The Indo-European Languages
234:Labërishtja or Dialekti lab
1300:
920:Paçarizi, Rrahman (2008).
283:
1253:
867:Friedman, Victor (2005).
194:
182:
37:
904:Dialektologjia shqiptare
902:Gjinari, Jorgji (1970).
911:Lowman, G. S. (1932).
881:Kapović, Mate (2017).
233:
196:This article contains
950:Studime Filologjike I
707:and specifically the
259:south and east up to
226:Lab Albanian dialect
1155:Vaccarizzo Albanian
1018:Proto-Indo-European
506:("five"). Albanian
48:[labəˈɾiʃt]
876:. Studia Albanica.
682:. You can help by
645:Upper Reka dialect
608:. You can help by
533:. You can help by
450:Standard Albanian
346:. You can help by
1284:Albanian dialects
1271:
1270:
1203:
1202:
1107:
1106:
1099:Balkan sprachbund
997:Albanian language
923:Albanian Language
894:978-1-315-67855-9
709:Himariote dialect
700:
699:
626:
625:
551:
550:
388:Standard Albanian
364:
363:
286:Albanian dialects
222:
221:
204:rendering support
200:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
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990:
983:
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967:
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953:
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653:compound perfect
621:
618:
600:
593:
555:past participles
546:
543:
525:
518:
471:
359:
356:
338:
331:
247:, spoken by Lab
187:
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131:
80:
50:
30:
21:
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1030:Palaeo-Balkanic
1023:language family
999:
994:
956:
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939:
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901:
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717:
696:
690:
687:
680:needs expansion
665:
622:
616:
613:
606:needs expansion
591:
547:
541:
538:
531:needs expansion
516:
490:(as in English
360:
354:
351:
344:needs expansion
329:
324:
322:Characteristics
288:
282:
202:Without proper
190:
174:
155:
144:Ottoman Turkish
132:
127:
121:
81:
78:Language family
76:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1295:
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1164:
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1158:
1157:
1147:
1142:
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1130:Southeast Tosk
1126:
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1115:
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1078:
1073:
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1056:Origins debate
1052:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1040:Proto-Albanian
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820:
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796:
784:
772:
770:, p. 102.
760:
758:, p. 136.
748:
736:
723:
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718:
716:
713:
698:
697:
677:
675:
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624:
623:
603:
601:
590:
587:
581:, rather than
549:
548:
528:
526:
515:
512:
481:Albanian schwa
362:
361:
341:
339:
328:
325:
323:
320:
292:Shkumbin River
284:Main article:
281:
280:Classification
278:
220:
219:
206:, you may see
192:
191:
188:
180:
179:
172:
164:
163:
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152:
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150:Language codes
147:
146:
133:
129:Writing system
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84:
82:
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72:
71:
66:
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56:
55:Native to
52:
51:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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4:
3:
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998:
991:
986:
984:
979:
977:
972:
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960:
955:
951:
946:
936:on 2017-07-17
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909:
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885:
879:
872:
871:
865:
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860:
854:, p. 38.
853:
852:Friedman 2005
848:
845:
842:, p. 33.
841:
840:Friedman 2005
836:
833:
830:, p. 37.
829:
828:Friedman 2005
824:
821:
818:, p. 73.
817:
812:
809:
806:, p. 38.
805:
804:Friedman 2005
800:
797:
794:, p. 74.
793:
788:
785:
782:, p. 39.
781:
780:Friedman 2005
776:
773:
769:
768:Paçarizi 2008
764:
761:
757:
752:
749:
745:
744:Paçarizi 2008
740:
737:
734:, p. 39.
733:
732:Friedman 2005
728:
725:
719:
714:
712:
710:
706:
694:
685:
681:
678:This section
676:
673:
669:
668:
662:
660:
658:
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646:
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634:
632:
620:
611:
607:
604:This section
602:
599:
595:
594:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
565:(to take) is
564:
560:
556:
545:
536:
532:
529:This section
527:
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520:
519:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
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342:This section
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107:
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104:
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99:
98:
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94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
87:
86:Indo-European
83:
79:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
43:Pronunciation
41:
36:
31:
19:
1139:
1071:Daco-Moesian
1061:Paleo-Balkan
958:
949:
938:. Retrieved
931:the original
922:
912:
903:
883:
869:
847:
835:
823:
811:
799:
787:
775:
763:
751:
739:
727:
701:
688:
684:adding to it
679:
649:
640:
638:
635:
627:
614:
610:adding to it
605:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
552:
539:
535:adding to it
530:
507:
503:
499:
493:
491:
478:
473:
465:
458:
451:
449:
432:vowel length
429:Old Albanian
422:
414:
407:
402:
398:
391:
380:
373:
365:
352:
348:adding to it
343:
327:Phonological
296:Cham dialect
289:
225:
223:
195:
167:
109:Lab Albanian
108:
33:Lab Albanian
18:Lab Albanian
816:Totoni 1971
792:Totoni 1971
756:Totoni 1964
261:Gjirokastër
257:Mallakastër
210:instead of
1162:Arvanitika
940:2017-06-29
715:References
657:pluperfect
631:admirative
485:back vowel
369:) to /i/ (
308:Arvanitika
1113:Varieties
1049:Formation
1011:Genealogy
720:Citations
691:June 2017
617:June 2017
559:Dangellia
542:June 2017
437:Kurvelesh
355:June 2017
312:Arvanites
304:Arbereshe
265:Lunxhëria
249:Albanians
169:Glottolog
157:ISO 639-3
38:Labërisht
1278:Category
1263:Category
1240:Veso Bey
1225:Vithkuqi
1185:Arbanasi
1150:Arbëresh
1135:Standard
1087:Contacts
1076:Thracian
1066:Illyrian
1035:Albanoid
913:Language
655:and the
300:Chamëria
241:Albanian
230:Albanian
216:Help:IPA
176:labt1234
105:Northern
96:Albanian
91:Albanoid
1230:Vellara
1220:Elbasan
1208:Scripts
1190:Istrian
1004:History
861:Sources
663:History
514:Lexical
413:), not
269:Sarandë
245:Labëria
236:) is a
212:Unicode
69:Labëria
59:Albania
1245:Elifba
1235:Todhri
1215:Modern
891:
579:themur
567:marrur
470:/maðɛ/
441:Himare
392:gjyshi
379:) and
316:Greece
302:, the
273:Balkan
65:Region
934:(PDF)
927:(PDF)
874:(PDF)
705:Greek
583:thënë
571:marrë
569:(not
483:to a
474:malle
466:madhe
445:Borsh
415:shqip
408:shkip
399:gishi
253:Vlorë
140:Greek
136:Latin
1195:Srem
1180:Reka
1172:Gheg
1145:Cham
1122:Tosk
889:ISBN
575:them
563:marr
504:pesë
476:().
439:and
425:Gheg
267:and
255:and
238:Tosk
224:The
101:Tosk
1140:Lab
686:.
641:kam
612:.
577:is
537:.
420:).
410:" (
350:.
314:in
310:of
298:of
198:IPA
1280::
659:.
647:.
585:.
487:,
459:ll
452:dh
374:gj
318:.
263:,
232::
142:,
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989:e
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943:.
897:.
693:)
689:(
619:)
615:(
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500:e
496:t
494:u
492:n
468:(
461:(
454:(
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403:(
394:(
383:(
381:q
376:(
357:)
353:(
228:(
218:.
162:–
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
