2098:
1345:
2315:
653:
843:
1506:
2418:
2373:
1569:
1902:
2154:
1594:
44:
2262:
1263:
1481:
901:
758:
926:
1296:
1859:
1385:
1751:
223:
349:
issued a manifesto stating that the new
International "must grow naturally from the process through which Socialist parties get adapted to one another." Total agreement on fundamental principles was not expected "at the moment of its birth," but the desire was voiced that establishment of the new international body would over time serve as "one of the most important conditions for the harmonizing of their views."
1725:
256:, respectively — to patch together their own joint international body. Planning for such a body began in January 1923, a month after the conclusion of the Comintern's 4th World Congress, with the Executive Committees of the Vienna and London groups issuing a joint statement condemning the Communists' decision. The two Executive Committees subsequently issued a convention call for a unification congress in May.
1696:
619:
2018:
868:
366:
prior consideration of matters of concern in advance of meetings of the full
Executive Committee. The executive committee was additionally to establish a 6-member special committee of local members residing at or near the seat of the committee, who were to be responsible for supervising the work of the Executive and its officers and arranging meetings of the Bureau and the executive committee.
2348:
2043:
1145:
1116:
1064:
693:
2291:
1810:
1659:
2206:
1185:
365:
Governance between congresses was to be conducted by an executive committee, with its participants elected by the member parties. The executive committee was given the power to elect its own chair and other officers, to determine the location for its central office, and to elect a 9-member Bureau for
424:
together with social democratic parties locally. The LSI, on its side, did not accept the notion of local social democrats forming united fronts with the
Communist parties. However, as the Comintern adopted a more conciliatory tone, the resistance of the LSI against forming such united fronts on the
348:
The unity congress voted to establish itself as a new
International under the name "Labour and Socialist International" (LSI). In marked difference from the Communist movement, no preconditions were established for admission, nor was any binding policy program adopted. Instead the Hamburg Congress
3256:
428:
Within the LSI, a north–south cleavage emerged, as the
Mediterranean LSI parties built fronts with the Communists whilst the British and Scandinavian parties rejected the notion of cooperation with the communists. With the German party in disarray, the British and Scandinavians became more
2927:
1372:
357:
The LSI was to remain a federation of fully independent and autonomous political parties — groups which were freely allowed under organizational statutes to determine their own internal policies and programs. The organization was modeled upon the old
2137:
362:, with supreme authority vested in the international congress, which could be convened at any time upon the demand of 10 or more affiliated parties, so long as these represented at least a quarter of the organization's voting strength.
205:(Comintern), with which it competed over the leadership of the international socialist and labour movement. However, unlike the Comintern, the LSI maintained no direct control over the actions of its sections, being constituted as a
2912:
2955:
742:
674:(May 1923 – March 1925, from 1924 shared seat with Kaplansky, July 1933 – April 1934), Archak Izakchjan (March 1925 – July 1933), Setrak Sassuni (April 1934 – December 1936), Vahan Champarzumian (December 1936 – 1939),
2932:
263:, Germany to bring about the unification of the two Internationals. A wide array of political tendencies were represented among these delegates, running the ideological gamut from activists in the left wing of the
981:
3261:
878:
1037:
2937:
3015:
2970:
2990:
420:'s regime. The Comintern responded by stating that they were not convinced of the sincerity of the declaration. However, the Comintern did soon call its national sections to form
2965:
2108:
2807:
1669:
1273:
430:
468:
caused a controversy within LSI, and the ILP was asked to break its ties with the League. However, the support of the LSI for colonialism was not complete. Regarding the
1761:
2053:
3291:
249:
187:
3196:
3166:
1195:
264:
3010:
3071:
268:
241:
sought an international "union of the whole proletariat" through 1922. This initiative finally came to a close at the end of the year with the convocation of the
3226:
3221:
3116:
3231:
3176:
3041:
2103:
1126:
3346:
1466:
412:
in
Germany increased pressure on the LSI and Comintern to cooperate. On 19 February 1933, the LSI Bureau issued a call for joint action of the SPD and the
2439:(May 1923 – January 1929, until August 1925 seat shared with Sakazov, August 1925 – June 1928 seat shared with Drobner, June 1928- seat shared with Kruk)
3266:
703:
3211:
2960:
1547:
1355:
1318:
2325:
1820:
1005:
441:
3281:
2922:
1936:
2800:
2452:(February 1924 – September 1935), Alice Pels (September 1935 – 1940) Socialist Youth International: Karl Heinz (February 1924 – October 1932),
2272:
3005:
2721:
1604:
460:
Although the communists opposed colonialism, the LSI were generally supportive of colonialism. For example, the participation of the
British
2301:
1983:
873:
3296:
3191:
2995:
2980:
2320:
2164:
1963:
1446:
445:
242:
3181:
3146:
3046:
3000:
1706:
1350:
1306:
1155:
658:
397:
315:
279:
3336:
3171:
2947:
2793:
2590:
1579:
1516:
1438:
663:
3301:
3206:
2985:
2975:
911:
449:
3251:
3121:
3076:
2889:
2839:
2216:
2577:
Saage, Richard (2007). "Sowjetmarxistische
Interpretation des Faschismus" [Soviet Marxist Interpretation of Fascism].
1924:
3031:
1017:
248:
This rejection by the
Communist wing of the international socialist movement left the center and right — in the form of the
1428:
3246:
2894:
2844:
2428:
2124:
936:
3136:
2241:
303:
118:
229:(1863–1935) of the British Labour Party was chosen as the first chairman of the executive committee of the LSI in 1923.
1735:
853:
629:
429:
influential within the LSI. Thus the space for socialist-Communist cooperation decreased. On 25 September 1934, the
3286:
2675:
2383:
2358:
2028:
1074:
465:
413:
1612:
1203:
3056:
2917:
2713:
2563:
2176:
1617:
1491:
1208:
259:
On May 21, 1923, some 620 delegates representing 41 socialist political parties in 30 countries was convened in
3317:
3141:
3081:
2667:
1486:
1454:
1419:
461:
43:
1367:
3241:
3111:
3066:
2816:
2184:
2159:
1999:
1769:
1646:
1423:
234:
202:
195:
111:
1226:
784:
3106:
2188:
1912:
1407:
1947:(January 1929 – June 1936, 1929 – July 1931 seat shared with Brill, July 1931- seat shared with Chobot),
1681:
1167:
381:
joining as members of the group's
Secretariat. London was chosen as the seat of the executive committee.
3126:
2423:
1836:
1231:
1049:
378:
2904:
2436:
2236:
1532:
890:
776:
433:
issued a call for 'peace negotiations' between the two internationals, but the LSI rejected the offer.
282:(SPD), including among its membership such esteemed leaders of the international socialist movement as
2193:
1245:
955:
715:
3236:
3216:
2862:
2132:
2076:
1677:
1094:
799:
768:
675:
390:
359:
327:
253:
135:
98:
1773:
1685:
1631:
810:
2116:
2061:
1971:
1864:
1268:
944:
789:
338:
191:
93:
1784:
966:
3341:
3131:
2081:
2048:
1574:
1511:
1411:
804:
139:
130:
17:
3061:
2172:
1948:
1172:
821:
377:
of the British Labour Party as treasurer, with the Austrian Friedrich Adler and the Englishman
186:
parties, active between 1923 and 1940. The group was established through a merger of the rival
3201:
2717:
2586:
2247:
1881:
1844:
1395:
1334:
1326:
1082:
960:
780:
671:
638:
481:
444:
launched an 'Aid for Spain' campaign. The LSI/IFTU relief efforts were channelled through the
437:
319:
291:
272:
949:
3186:
2453:
2391:
2228:
2224:
1928:
1877:
1848:
1403:
1363:
832:
795:
734:
726:
370:
323:
295:
287:
238:
226:
2395:
2180:
2007:
1714:
1537:
1470:
1314:
1218:
1090:
183:
170:
2251:
1250:
720:
2066:
476:
August 22–27, 1925, adopted a resolution calling for support of the independence of the
2881:
2337:
2333:
2232:
2143:
2087:
2072:
1920:
1828:
1795:
1623:
1558:
1528:
1462:
1434:
1390:
1241:
1099:
1025:
993:
931:
848:
680:
971:
222:
3330:
3101:
2854:
2709:
2449:
2399:
2378:
1991:
1944:
1778:
1636:
1415:
1285:
1237:
1029:
997:
886:
815:
374:
334:
2764:. Vol. 2: 1914-1943. Translated by Clark, John. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
3306:
2831:
2407:
2280:
1799:
1627:
1422:(January 1924 – February 1925), Cramp (January 1924 – October 1925, July 1925 -),
1281:
1214:
1105:
989:
820:(August 1935 – February 1937), Jean Delvigne (June 1936 – 1937, September 1936-),
783:(May 1923 – June 1925, November 1927 – March 1935, February 1937 – December 1938),
642:
485:
421:
417:
283:
3051:
2690:
Africa's "Agitators": Militant Anti-Colonialism in Africa and the West, 1918–1939.
1222:
2705:
Africa's 'agitators': Militant Anti-colonialism in Africa and the West, 1918-1939
2703:
1789:
3271:
2403:
2267:
1975:
1869:
1756:
1524:
1442:
1086:
965:(August 1925 – September 1938, 1932-), Leo Winter (August 1931 – August 1935),
311:
299:
245:, which decisively rejected calls for a broad and inclusive international body.
2560:
Transnational Social Movements and Global Politics: Solidarity Beyond the State
2774:
1730:
1330:
1134:
730:
711:
369:
The first Executive Committee, elected by the 1923 Hamburg Congress, included
342:
331:
307:
206:
1953:
2872:
1701:
1322:
1163:
624:
532:
473:
393:, and was often referred to as the "Second International" by the Comintern.
179:
123:
2785:
826:
2745:] (in German). Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften. pp. 282–338.
2023:
548:
2913:
Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia
3036:
2585:] (in German). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. pp. 24–48.
2353:
1301:
1150:
1121:
1069:
763:
743:
Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party in the Republic of Austria
698:
516:
469:
260:
2928:
International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations
1406:( May 1923 – January 1924, February 1925 – July 1929, August 1925-),
2933:
International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations
2296:
2211:
1907:
1815:
1664:
1190:
906:
564:
409:
2743:
History of the Socialist Workers' International: 1923 - 19th Century
733:(October 1931 – December 1935), Franz Korac (December 1935 – 1938),
982:
German Social Democratic Workers Party in the Czechoslovak Republic
2579:
Faschismus: Konzeptionen und historische Kontexte. Eine Einführung
1889:
1599:
1108:(November 1935 – 1940, May 1936-), Jensen (February 1938 – 1940)
794:(June 1927 – 1940, became the treasurer of LSI in November 1927),
580:
221:
2739:
Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19
2179:(October 1932 – November 1932, September 1933 – September 1936),
1743:
Jean Fohrman (February 1936 – 1939), Alphonse Hummer (1939–1940)
1225:(June 1929 – July 1930, May 1934 – May 1936, June 1939 – 1940),
1680:(May 1923 – April 1924, February 1928 – April 1932, 1938–1940),
3262:
International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties
2789:
477:
152:
2583:
Fascism: Conceptions and Historical Contexts. An introduction
1978:(June 1928 – October), both shared their seat with Topalović
879:
Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party (Broad Socialists)
2448:
Other Executive members: International Women's Commission:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
976:(August 1935 – September 1938), Gustav Winter (1937–1938)
2558:
Smith, Jackie; Chatfield, Charles; Pagnucco, Ron (1997).
2692:
New York: Columbia University Press, 2008; pp. 156, 180.
2231:(May 1923 – October 1924, July 1929 – September 1932),
2938:
International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
2657:
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004; pg. 125.
1093:(April 1924 – January 1927, May 1929 – November 1935),
1221:(August 1925 – June 1929, July 1930 – November 1933),
1137:(February 1931 – November 1932, December 1933 – 1937)
1038:
Social Democratic Workers' Party in Subcarpathian Rus'
2672:
The Spanish Civil War and the British Labour Movement
889:(May 1923 – 1940, until August 1925 seat shared with
2246:(October 1924 – July 1926, September 1932 – 1940),
1321:(May 1923 – June 1928, February 1931 – March 1931),
3159:
3094:
3024:
2946:
2903:
2880:
2871:
2853:
2830:
2823:
2109:
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
598:
495:
278:The gathering was dominated by 80 delegates of the
145:
129:
117:
107:
86:
68:
50:
32:
1284:(January 1929 – 1936, July 1931- seat shared with
1274:Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig
1085:(May 1923 – April 1924, January 1927 – May 1929),
737:(1939/1940, under the pseudonym 'Gustav Richter')
1626:(May 1923 – July 1930, August 1931 – June 1933),
1465:(February 1924 – August 1925, Treasurer of LSI),
294:. Other prominent figures in attendance included
3072:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
269:Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
3227:International Alliance of Socialist Democracy
3222:International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam
3197:Committee for a Workers' International (1974)
3117:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
2801:
1418:(May 1923 – January 1924, Treasurer of LSI),
1329:(June 1928 – February 1931, Summer of 1938),
8:
1196:French Section of the Workers' International
937:Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party
389:The LSI functioned as a continuation of the
265:French Section of the Workers' International
194:, and was the forerunner of the present-day
178:, SAI) was an international organization of
3267:International Revolutionary Marxist Centre
3232:International Working People's Association
2877:
2827:
2808:
2794:
2786:
704:Social Democratic Workers Party of Austria
201:The LSI had a history of rivalry with the
42:
29:
3042:International League of Peoples' Struggle
2545:
2522:
2510:
2485:
1605:United Socialist Party of Italian Workers
1356:Social Democratic Labour Party of Georgia
373:of the British Labour Party as chairman,
2326:Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party
2217:Social Democratic Labour Party of Sweden
1821:Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway
1006:Hungarian-German Social Democratic Party
442:International Federation of Trade Unions
3282:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
2467:
1937:German Socialist Labour Party of Poland
1670:Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party
400:was the dominant party within the LSI.
233:Despite the hostility expressed by the
27:International political party (1923-40)
2771:The Radical Left in Britain, 1931–1941
2273:Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
779:(May 1923 – May 1939, August 1935-),
637:Etchegoin (March 1925 – August 1927),
176:Sozialistische Arbeiter-Internationale
2283:(January 1927 – 1940, August 1935-)
750:Alois Wawrousek (August 1925 – 1937)
271:(USPD) to moderate reformists of the
7:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2605:
1984:General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland
3297:West Indies Democratic Labour Party
2321:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1964:Independent Socialist Workers Party
472:, the second LSI congress, held in
243:4th World Congress of the Comintern
3347:Labour and Socialist International
3277:Labour and Socialist International
3182:Communist Correspondence Committee
3147:World Union of National Socialists
3052:International Workers' Association
2183:(November 1932 – September 1933),
1707:Lithuanian Social Democratic Party
1351:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
1307:Social Democratic Party of Germany
659:Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
398:Social Democratic Party of Germany
316:Social Democratic Party of Austria
280:Social Democratic Party of Germany
162:Labour and Socialist International
35:Labour and Socialist International
25:
3172:Anarchist St. Imier International
2000:Ukrainian Socialist-Radical Party
1884:May 1923 – June 1924, 1925–1940)
1517:Hungarian Social Democratic Party
664:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
18:Labor and Socialist International
3302:West Indies Federal Labour Party
3192:Communist Workers' International
2416:
2406:(November 1933 – October 1935),
2371:
2346:
2313:
2289:
2260:
2204:
2165:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
2152:
2096:
2054:Romanian Social Democratic Party
2041:
2016:
1900:
1857:
1808:
1749:
1723:
1717:(November 1931 – November 1934)
1694:
1657:
1592:
1567:
1527:(February 1924 – October 1928),
1504:
1479:
1473:(November 1927 – November 1932)
1469:(January 1924 – November 1927),
1433:(July 1929 – 1940, May 1930-),
1383:
1343:
1294:
1261:
1183:
1143:
1127:Estonian Socialist Workers Party
1114:
1104:(October 1928 – December 1936),
1062:
924:
912:Social Democratic Party of China
899:
866:
841:
756:
729:(October 1931 – December 1935),
691:
651:
617:
446:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
209:of autonomous national parties.
3252:International Communist Seminar
3122:International Monarchist League
3077:World Anti-Imperialist Platform
3047:International People's Assembly
2890:International Communist Current
2840:Centrist Democrat International
2655:The Labour Party and the World.
1762:Social Democratic Workers Party
1437:(October 1929 – January 1937),
641:(August 1928 – February 1934),
3318:Pan-European political parties
3032:Atheist Alliance International
2923:International Communist League
2250:(July 1926 – September 1932),
1684:(April 1924 – February 1928),
1337:(May 1936 – 1937, 1939/1940),
1018:Polish Socialist Workers Party
611:LSI Executive representatives
330:(BWP); and the émigré Russian
1:
3247:International Agrarian Bureau
2895:International Communist Party
2845:International Democracy Union
2429:Socialist Party of Yugoslavia
2336:(June 1924 – February 1929),
2125:Socialist Revolutionary Party
1865:British Mandate for Palestine
450:Unión General de Trabajadores
302:of the British Labour Party;
3137:Pirate Parties International
2762:History of the International
2235:(October 1924 – July 1926),
2071:(May 1923 – December 1923),
1923:(May 1923 – February 1931),
1798:(April 1930 – August 1939),
1794:(August 1925 – April 1935),
1613:Giuseppe Emanuele Modigliani
1449:(January 1937-late c. 1937)
1204:Alexandre Marie Desrousseaux
1075:Social Democratic Federation
992:(May 1923 – February 1930),
585:
579:
576:
569:
563:
560:
553:
547:
544:
537:
531:
528:
521:
515:
512:
2760:Braunthal, Julius (1967) .
2398:(May 1923 – October 1933),
2302:Independent Socialist Party
2227:(May 1923 – October 1924),
2175:(May 1924 – October 1932),
2086:(January 1931 – May 1933),
1736:Workers Party of Luxembourg
1414:(May 1923 – January 1924),
1410:(May 1923 – January 1924),
1325:(May 1923-Summer of 1938),
1089:(May 1923 – October 1928),
854:British Guiana Labour Union
725:(May 1923 – October 1931),
464:in the communist-sponsored
3363:
3287:Situationist International
2702:Derrick, Jonathan (2008).
2676:Cambridge University Press
2394:(May 1923 – August 1929),
2384:Socialist Party of America
2359:Socialist Party of Uruguay
2075:(May 1923 – August 1930),
2029:Portuguese Socialist Party
1831:(May 1923 – January 1927)
954:(May 1924 – August 1925),
809:(March 1935 – June 1936),
595:List of members of the LSI
466:League against Imperialism
436:After the outbreak of the
414:Communist Party of Germany
239:social democratic movement
3315:
3057:Progressive International
2918:European Communist Action
2737:Kowalski, Werner (1985).
2714:Columbia University Press
2564:Syracuse University Press
2187:(September 1933 – 1937),
2094:
1925:Mieczysław Niedziałkowski
1898:
1876:
1855:
1806:
1641:(June 1933 – March 1934)
1611:
1590:
1531:(May 1930 – March 1931),
1502:
1492:Socialist Party of Greece
1381:
1028:(1931–, shared seat with
922:
689:
504:
501:
498:
425:national level softened.
41:
3337:Left-wing internationals
3142:World Ecological Parties
3082:World Socialist Movement
2817:Political internationals
2402:(December 1932 – 1940),
2254:(September 1932 – 1940)
2198:(September 1933 – 1938)
1974:(May 1923 – June 1928),
1551:Socialist Emigrant Group
1487:Second Hellenic Republic
1455:Independent Labour Party
1420:Alexander Gordon Cameron
1366:(May 1923 – July 1929),
1236:(November 1936 – 1940),
996:(February 1930 – 1938),
714:(May 1923 – July 1938),
462:Independent Labour Party
3112:Humanists International
3067:Socialist International
2340:(February 1929 – 1938)
2142:(May 1923 – May 1930),
1994:(December 1930 – 1940)
1772:(May 1923 – May 1925),
1770:Pieter Jelles Troelstra
1647:Italian Socialist Party
1580:Social Democratic Party
1445:(October 1936 – 1940),
1441:(October 1936 – 1940),
1368:Constantin Gvardjaladze
1317:(May 1923 – May 1926),
1213:(May 1923 – May 1936),
1156:Social Democratic Party
645:(February 1934 – 1940)
237:, the left wing of the
235:Communist International
203:Communist International
196:Socialist International
131:Political position
112:Socialist International
56:; 101 years ago
3107:Humanist International
2674:. Cambridge, England:
2456:(October 1932 – 1940)
2410:(October 1935 – 1936)
1927:(August 1925 – 1940),
1913:Polish Socialist Party
1837:Norwegian Labour Party
1408:James Ramsay MacDonald
798:(August 1931 – 1940),
230:
175:
74:; 84 years ago
3207:Fascist International
3167:Alliance of Democrats
3127:Liberal International
2716:. pp. 156, 180.
2433:1923–1929, 1934–1940
2424:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
2010:(August 1931 – 1940)
1561:(August 1931 – 1940)
1227:Jean-Baptiste Séverac
1050:Socialist Association
785:Joseph Van Roosbroeck
570:July 25-Aug. 1, 1931
508:Notes and references
225:
3292:Vienna International
3237:Second International
3217:Fourth International
2863:Progressive Alliance
2769:Jupp, James (1982).
2189:Manuel Cordero Pérez
2185:Fernando de los Ríos
2077:Gheorghe Grigorovici
1802:(April 1935 – 1940)
1688:(April 1932 – 1938)
1630:(July 1930 – 1940),
1542:(March 1931 – 1940)
769:Belgian Labour Party
391:Second International
360:Second International
328:Belgian Labour Party
273:British Labour Party
254:London International
250:Vienna International
188:Vienna International
99:Vienna International
3242:Third International
3212:First International
3177:Black International
2117:Raphael Abramovitch
1958:(June 1936 – 1940)
1931:(1931–1940, 1932-)
1783:(May 1925 – 1930),
1622:(May 1923 – 1938),
1575:Kingdom of Iceland
1377:(July 1929 – 1940)
1269:Free City of Danzig
1217:(May 1923 – 1939),
1168:Jaakko William Keto
1166:(May 1923 – 1938),
874:Kingdom of Bulgaria
586:August 21–25, 1933
538:August 22–27, 1925
431:Comintern Executive
339:Raphael Abramovitch
192:Berne International
94:Berne International
3132:Muslim Brotherhood
2688:Jonathan Derrick,
2653:Rhiannon Vickers,
2146:(May 1923 – 1940)
2119:(May 1923 – 1940)
2090:(May 1933 – 1940)
2049:Kingdom of Romania
1880:(shared seat with
1512:Kingdom of Hungary
1412:James Henry Thomas
1240:(-November 1936),
777:Louis de Brouckère
554:August 5–11, 1928
440:, the LSI and the
404:Response to Nazism
231:
3324:
3323:
3202:E2D International
3155:
3154:
3090:
3089:
2723:978-1-85065-936-5
2443:
2442:
2248:Per-Albin Hansson
2237:Rickard Lindström
1882:Mikayel Varandian
1533:Emanuel Buchinger
1335:Rudolf Hilferding
1327:Johannes Stelling
1083:Thorvald Stauning
907:Republic of China
781:Emile Vandervelde
672:Mikayel Varandian
639:Bernardo B. Delom
592:
591:
482:League of Nations
456:Colonial question
438:Spanish Civil War
320:Emile Vandervelde
292:Rudolf Hilferding
173:
158:
157:
108:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
3354:
3187:Communist League
2905:Marxist–Leninist
2878:
2828:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2765:
2747:
2746:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2699:
2693:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2664:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2562:. Syracuse, NY:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2454:Erich Ollenhauer
2445:= Bureau member
2422:
2420:
2419:
2392:Victor L. Berger
2377:
2375:
2374:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2245:
2225:Hjalmar Branting
2210:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2160:Spanish Republic
2158:
2156:
2155:
2141:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2085:
2070:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2022:
2020:
2019:
1972:Bolesław Drobner
1957:
1929:Herman Lieberman
1906:
1904:
1903:
1878:Shlomo Kaplansky
1863:
1861:
1860:
1849:Einar Gerhardsen
1814:
1812:
1811:
1793:
1782:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1640:
1621:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1541:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1496:1923–1931, 1933
1485:
1483:
1482:
1432:
1404:Arthur Henderson
1389:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1364:Irakli Tsereteli
1349:
1347:
1346:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1246:Salomon Grumbach
1235:
1212:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1176:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1103:
1068:
1066:
1065:
975:
964:
956:František Soukup
953:
930:
928:
927:
905:
903:
902:
872:
870:
869:
847:
845:
844:
833:Achille Delattre
830:
819:
808:
796:Camille Huysmans
793:
762:
760:
759:
735:Joseph Buttinger
727:Robert Danneberg
724:
716:Ferdinand Skaret
697:
695:
694:
684:
657:
655:
654:
623:
621:
620:
599:
522:May 21–25, 1923
496:
371:Arthur Henderson
345:, among others.
324:Camille Huysmans
296:Arthur Henderson
288:Eduard Bernstein
227:Arthur Henderson
169:
151:
87:Preceded by
82:
80:
75:
64:
62:
57:
46:
30:
21:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3311:
3257:ICMPLO (Maoist)
3151:
3086:
3062:São Paulo Forum
3020:
2942:
2899:
2867:
2849:
2819:
2814:
2783:
2781:
2768:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2683:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2492:
2484:
2469:
2465:
2437:Živko Topalović
2417:
2415:
2396:Morris Hillquit
2372:
2370:
2347:
2345:
2314:
2312:
2290:
2288:
2261:
2259:
2239:
2205:
2203:
2191:
2181:Remigio Cabello
2177:Largo Caballero
2173:Julián Besteiro
2153:
2151:
2135:
2133:V. V. Sukhomlin
2097:
2095:
2079:
2064:
2042:
2040:
2017:
2015:
2008:Matthew Stachiw
1951:
1901:
1899:
1858:
1856:
1809:
1807:
1787:
1776:
1750:
1748:
1724:
1722:
1715:Steponas Kairys
1695:
1693:
1678:Fēlikss Cielēns
1658:
1656:
1634:
1615:
1593:
1591:
1568:
1566:
1535:
1505:
1503:
1480:
1478:
1471:Fenner Brockway
1426:
1424:William Gillies
1384:
1382:
1370:
1344:
1342:
1319:Hermann Müller
1315:Arthur Crispien
1295:
1293:
1262:
1260:
1248:
1229:
1219:Pierre Renaudel
1206:
1184:
1182:
1170:
1144:
1142:
1115:
1113:
1097:
1095:Vilhelm Nygaard
1091:Alsing Andersen
1063:
1061:
969:
958:
947:
925:
923:
900:
898:
891:Živko Topalović
867:
865:
842:
840:
824:
813:
802:
800:Désiré Bouchery
787:
757:
755:
718:
692:
690:
678:
676:Hrant Samuelian
652:
650:
630:Socialist Party
618:
616:
608:LSI membership
597:
494:
480:and urging the
458:
406:
387:
355:
304:Friedrich Adler
267:(SFIO) and the
220:
215:
149:
103:
78:
76:
73:
60:
58:
55:
37:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3329:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2882:Left communist
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2790:
2780:
2779:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2729:
2722:
2694:
2681:
2678:. p. 144.
2659:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2591:
2569:
2550:
2548:, p. 267.
2546:Braunthal 1967
2527:
2525:, p. 266.
2523:Braunthal 1967
2515:
2513:, p. 265.
2511:Braunthal 1967
2490:
2488:, p. 264.
2486:Braunthal 1967
2466:
2464:
2461:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2412:
2411:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2342:
2341:
2338:Opanas Fedenko
2334:Yosyp Bezpalko
2331:
2328:
2323:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2256:
2255:
2233:Arthur Engberg
2222:
2219:
2214:
2200:
2199:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2148:
2147:
2144:Viktor Chernov
2130:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2092:
2091:
2088:Ilie Moscovici
2073:Iacob Pistiner
2059:
2056:
2051:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1921:Herman Diamand
1918:
1915:
1910:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1853:
1852:
1845:Martin Tranmæl
1842:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1829:Magnus Nilssen
1826:
1823:
1818:
1804:
1803:
1796:Willem Albarda
1774:Willem Vliegen
1767:
1764:
1759:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1690:
1689:
1686:Fricis Menders
1675:
1672:
1667:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1632:Franco Clerici
1624:Claudio Treves
1610:
1607:
1602:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1475:
1474:
1467:Clifford Allen
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1447:Arthur Jenkins
1435:Joseph Compton
1401:
1398:
1393:
1391:United Kingdom
1379:
1378:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1339:
1338:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1257:
1256:
1242:Marceau Pivert
1201:
1198:
1193:
1179:
1178:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1110:
1109:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1002:
1001:
994:Siegfried Taub
987:
984:
978:
977:
942:
939:
934:
932:Czechoslovakia
920:
919:
917:
914:
909:
895:
894:
884:
881:
876:
862:
861:
859:
856:
851:
849:British Guiana
837:
836:
811:Arthur Wauters
774:
771:
766:
752:
751:
748:
745:
739:
738:
709:
706:
701:
687:
686:
669:
666:
661:
647:
646:
635:
632:
627:
613:
612:
609:
606:
603:
596:
593:
590:
589:
587:
584:
578:
574:
573:
571:
568:
562:
558:
557:
555:
552:
546:
542:
541:
539:
536:
530:
526:
525:
523:
520:
514:
510:
509:
506:
503:
500:
493:
490:
484:to accept the
457:
454:
405:
402:
386:
383:
354:
351:
219:
216:
214:
211:
156:
155:
147:
143:
142:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
102:
101:
96:
90:
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
65:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
34:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3359:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Global Greens
3100:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2668:Buchanan, Tom
2663:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2644:, p. 77.
2643:
2638:
2635:
2632:, p. 68.
2631:
2626:
2623:
2620:, p. 45.
2619:
2614:
2611:
2608:, p. 13.
2607:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2592:9783531153872
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2570:
2566:. p. 35.
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:Adelheid Popp
2446:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2400:Norman Thomas
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:United States
2369:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:Gustav Möller
2226:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2063:
2062:Șerban Voinea
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:Henryk Erlich
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1945:Johann Kowoll
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1854:
1850:
1847:(1939/1940),
1846:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:Brūno Kalniņš
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:George Dallas
1436:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:Harry Gosling
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1380:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1333:(1931–1938),
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:Johann Kowoll
1283:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:Jean Zyromski
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
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1128:
1125:
1123:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:Johann Kowoll
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
998:Wenzel Jaksch
995:
991:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
973:
968:
962:
957:
951:
946:
945:Antonín Němec
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
921:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
897:
896:
892:
888:
887:Yanko Sakazov
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
864:
863:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
839:
838:
834:
831:(1937–1940),
828:
823:
817:
812:
806:
801:
797:
791:
786:
782:
778:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
754:
753:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
736:
732:
728:
722:
717:
713:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
688:
682:
677:
673:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
649:
648:
644:
640:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
615:
614:
610:
607:
604:
601:
600:
594:
588:
582:
575:
572:
566:
561:4th Congress
559:
556:
550:
545:3rd Congress
543:
540:
534:
529:2nd Congress
527:
524:
518:
513:1st Congress
511:
507:
497:
491:
489:
488:as a member.
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
426:
423:
422:united fronts
419:
415:
411:
403:
401:
399:
394:
392:
384:
382:
380:
376:
375:Harry Gosling
372:
367:
363:
361:
352:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
335:Pavel Axelrod
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
228:
224:
217:
212:
210:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
167:
163:
154:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
89:
85:
71:
67:
53:
49:
45:
40:
31:
19:
3307:Young Europe
3276:
2832:Conservative
2782:
2770:
2761:
2753:Bibliography
2742:
2738:
2732:
2704:
2697:
2689:
2684:
2671:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2637:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2559:
2553:
2518:
2458:
2447:
2444:
2408:Devere Allen
2281:Robert Grimm
2265:
2252:Zeth Höglund
2104:Russian SFSR
1851:(1939–1940)
1800:Koos Vorrink
1785:Floor Wibaut
1628:Pietro Nenni
1548:
1396:Labour Party
1282:Arthur Brill
1255:(1939–1940)
1215:Jean Longuet
1177:(1939–1940)
1106:Hans Hedtoft
1000:(1939–1940)
990:Ludwig Czech
967:Josef Stivín
835:(1938–1940)
685:(1939–1940)
643:Dino Rondani
486:Rif Republic
459:
435:
427:
418:Adolf Hitler
408:The rise of
407:
395:
388:
368:
364:
356:
347:
284:Karl Kautsky
277:
258:
247:
232:
200:
165:
161:
159:
79:3 April 1940
72:3 April 1940
3272:Krestintern
2855:Progressive
2404:James Oneal
2268:Switzerland
2240: [
2192: [
2136: [
2080: [
2065: [
1976:Joseph Kruk
1952: [
1870:Poalei Zion
1788: [
1777: [
1757:Netherlands
1635: [
1616: [
1559:Vilmos Böhm
1536: [
1529:Ernő Garami
1443:Hugh Dalton
1427: [
1371: [
1249: [
1230: [
1207: [
1171: [
1098: [
1087:Carl Madsen
970: [
959: [
948: [
825: [
814: [
803: [
788: [
719: [
679: [
577:Conference
448:(PSOE) and
385:Development
312:Karl Renner
300:Sidney Webb
136:Centre-left
61:21 May 1923
54:21 May 1923
3331:Categories
3160:Historical
2948:Trotskyist
2775:Frank Cass
2773:. London:
2463:References
2388:1923–1940
2363:1932–1940
2330:1923–1940
2277:1927–1940
2221:1923–1940
2169:1923–1940
2129:1923–1940
2113:1923–1940
2058:1923–1940
2033:1925–1933
2004:1931–1940
1988:1930–1940
1968:1923–1933
1949:Emil Zerbe
1941:1923–1940
1917:1923–1940
1894:1930–1940
1874:1923–1930
1841:1938–1940
1825:1923–1927
1766:1923–1940
1740:1923–1940
1731:Luxembourg
1711:1923–1940
1674:1923–1940
1651:1930–1940
1609:1922–1930
1584:1926–1940
1555:1923–1940
1549:Világosság
1521:1923–1940
1459:1923–1933
1400:1923–1940
1360:1923–1940
1331:Hans Vogel
1311:1923–1940
1278:1923–1936
1200:1923–1940
1160:1923–1940
1135:August Rei
1131:1923–1940
1079:1923–1940
1054:1923–1925
1042:1923–1930
1022:1923–1938
1010:1923–1926
986:1923–1938
941:1923–1938
883:1923–1940
858:1924–1940
773:1923–1940
747:1923–1940
731:Karl Seitz
712:Otto Bauer
708:1923–1940
668:1923–1940
634:1924–1940
567:, Austria
551:, Belgium
519:, Germany
492:Congresses
343:Fyodor Dan
332:Mensheviks
308:Otto Bauer
207:federation
3342:Communism
2961:FI (USFI)
2873:Socialist
2642:Jupp 1982
2630:Jupp 1982
2618:Jupp 1982
2606:Jupp 1982
1702:Lithuania
1323:Otto Wels
1223:Léon Blum
1164:Karl Wiik
822:Max Buset
625:Argentina
583:, France
535:, France
533:Marseille
502:Location
499:Congress
474:Marseille
353:Structure
184:labourist
180:socialist
140:left-wing
124:Socialism
69:Dissolved
2710:New York
2670:(1991).
2459:Source:
2024:Portugal
1463:Wallhead
1244:(1938),
602:Country
549:Brussels
416:against
379:Tom Shaw
252:and the
218:Founding
190:and the
119:Ideology
3037:COPPPAL
2354:Uruguay
1302:Germany
1151:Finland
1122:Estonia
1070:Denmark
764:Belgium
699:Austria
517:Hamburg
470:Rif War
452:(UGT).
326:of the
318:(SPÖ);
314:of the
261:Hamburg
213:History
77: (
59: (
51:Founded
2991:IWL-FI
2971:ICL-FI
2824:Active
2720:
2589:
2421:
2376:
2351:
2318:
2297:Turkey
2294:
2212:Sweden
2209:
2157:
2101:
2046:
2021:
1908:Poland
1905:
1862:
1816:Norway
1813:
1754:
1728:
1699:
1665:Latvia
1662:
1597:
1572:
1509:
1484:
1388:
1348:
1299:
1266:
1191:France
1188:
1148:
1119:
1067:
1026:Chobot
929:
916:1920s
904:
871:
846:
761:
696:
656:
622:
605:Party
565:Vienna
410:Nazism
341:, and
310:, and
290:, and
171:German
150:
146:Colors
3095:Other
3025:Other
3016:WIRFI
3011:TF-FI
2741:[
2581:[
2244:]
2196:]
2140:]
2084:]
2069:]
1956:]
1890:Mapai
1792:]
1781:]
1639:]
1620:]
1600:Italy
1540:]
1525:Peidl
1431:]
1375:]
1253:]
1234:]
1211:]
1175:]
1102:]
974:]
963:]
952:]
829:]
818:]
807:]
792:]
723:]
683:]
581:Paris
505:Date
2966:ICFI
2956:CRFI
2718:ISBN
2587:ISBN
396:The
322:and
306:and
298:and
182:and
160:The
3006:RCI
3001:L5I
2996:LFI
2986:IST
2981:ISA
2976:ICU
478:Rif
166:LSI
153:Red
138:to
3333::
2712::
2708:.
2530:^
2493:^
2470:^
2242:sv
2194:gl
2138:ru
2082:ro
2067:no
1954:pl
1790:nl
1779:nl
1637:it
1618:it
1538:hu
1429:de
1373:ka
1288:)
1251:fr
1232:fr
1209:fr
1173:sv
1100:da
1032:)
972:cs
961:cs
950:cs
893:)
827:fr
816:fr
805:nl
790:nl
721:de
681:fr
337:,
286:,
275:.
198:.
174::
168:;
2809:e
2802:t
2795:v
2777:.
2726:.
2595:.
164:(
81:)
63:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
