157:
203:> in 1822, his daughter was living with him in his house on Green Street, Marylebone, as Elizabeth Musgrave. In James Maclean's 1963 book "Reward is Secondary" about the "Political Adventurer" Lauchlin Macleane it is suggested that Lauchlin was living with Lady Mary and she was pregnant when he left on his last trip to India. Lauchlin drowned when his ship went down on his 1778 return trip in the bay of Biscay. Lady Mary's son Lt Col Leslie Walker was born 1778 and died in 1840.
404:
290:, and that the child, Floriana, was adopted and raised by Lady Mary (leaving Sophia free to marry). On Mary's death, Floriana was entrusted to the care of her father, and some or all of Sophia's inheritance was directed to Foscolo to provide for Floriana. That Ugo and Sophia had a daughter is supported by Traversa; and analysed, doubted but not discounted by Vincent. If true, then a corollary is that Lady Mary and family lived for some time in
183:, followed by McMillan, asserts three sons and one daughter though other sources point to two Walker daughters, Isabella (Bell) and Elizabeth (Betzy). (A grandson, Baron Adolphe Thiébault, raised questions about the paternity of Lady Mary's children, in an 1863 history.) Lady Mary was estranged from Walker, who moved alone to Jamaica in the 1770s to take up a position there as a prison physician.
356:
has critiqued her stories for plagiarizing from others. Alessa Johns also notes the plagiarism but argues that rather than be a self-serving attribute, it reflects Lady Mary's view of a "public-spirited will to share and democratize" ideas and a sincere form of flattery. Indeed, one of her characters
314:
and females escaping disastrous marriages. The community survives because it is driven by the exchange of kindness. Christine Rees has termed it "a drama of family relationships" which features the strong "moral sentiment" common of many 18th century writers. However McMillan argues that "the writing
194:
Lady Mary had an affair with George
Musgrave MP for Carlisle and together they had two children, Elizabeth born in 1767 and George born 1769. Both children were brought up and married with the surname Walker. In 1816, by a private act Parliament, both were acknowledged by their father and adopted the
226:
George
Hamilton died on 29 October 1797, and an analysis of his will demonstrates both that he and Mary were not married, and that James Walker was still alive in 1786. Hamilton made over all of his estate to Lady Mary, with the stipulation that the Jamaica estates were to be run for Mary's benefit
265:
Despite her extensive holdings in
Jamaica, little or no income was earned from them and the Croft household was poor. In 1815, (in alternate sources, at age 75) she went to Jamaica, as she believed she was being cheated financially out of some of her husband's estates, which had produced £3000 per
270:
near London on 28 February 1821, although some sources such as McMillan specify an 1822 date of death. The discrepancy may arise out of a delay in proving Lady Mary's will, which took until 5 July 1822 to be settled in favour of Sophia and her son
Lieutenant-Colonel Leslie Walker. Her son
178:
On 3 January 1762, Lady Mary was married to Dr. James Walker of
Innerdovat, Fife. He was a physician based at Edinburgh's prison infirmary and heavily in debt. Though the marriage was unhappy, it was said to have produced ten children. At least half must have died in infancy; the
851:
186:
Lady Mary turned to writing to provide for her family. She would later note to a friend that "with a family of young children… abandoned by their father," she was forced to "cloath, feed, and educate them". She thus needed to support herself, producing her first novel
215:. She took Hamilton's name, and she and George settled in Lille, France in 1782, where he is described as a cloth merchant and they as living in great style. Two of her daughters with Walker, Isabelle and Betzy, married respectively the dramatist
206:
Lady Mary was introduced by her husband to George
Robinson Hamilton and – accounts vary – sometime after Walker's death, (alternatively, without divorcing Walker) she went away with or married Hamilton, a cousin of
246:. Croft was an eccentric English scholar who had compiled dictionaries, and the two lived there together as friends. Her daughter Bell and son-in-law Jouy visited them often. Croft introduced her to his secretary,
346:
is scathing, speaking of the "absurd, incoherent and contradictory political reasoning with which these volumes abound" and finding its best feature to be that 75 pages of the manuscript were destroyed by fire.
1017:
361:
says to not call her "a plagiarist... from whatever author I may have borrowed them, I shall give their names, when I recollect them: but to trace the origin of my ideas, would be an endless task".
364:
Nevertheless, Lady Mary's views on marriage and equality show that she was advanced for her time period. She was a strong advocate of women's education. Hamilton's stories may have influenced
136:
Her works included discussions of philosophy, education and art. Advanced in thinking for the time period, she was a strong advocate of education for women. Her most successful novel,
195:
surname
Musgrave. Lady Mary's Grandson the Rev George Musgrave Musgrave of Borden had been baptised George Musgrave Walker in Marylebone on the 25 July 1798. Elizabeth had married
352:
266:
annum but were now yielding £400. After her return – Croft having died in April 1816 – she lived with her daughter Sophia
Alderson, who was widowed. Lady Mary died in
310:
writes that "the novel was one of the earlier works of the period to feature an ideal community". Hamilton creates the village from scratch and it is populated by
199:
in Paris on 21st Nov 1793 but was divorced by 21 July 1804 to allow Paul
Thiebaut to marry Elizabeth Chenais in Tours. When George Musgrave MP wrote his will</
350:
Lady Mary's writings included discussions of philosophy, education and art. However, McMillan posits that her works "have little to offer modern readers" and
223:. Again, accounts vary: Lady Mary had two daughters with Hamilton, or had at least one surviving daughter with Hamilton, Sophia Saint John Hamilton Alderson.
232:
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A final conjecture concerning Lady Mary and her daughter Sophia is made by Wicks, that Sophia may have had an illegitimate daughter in 1805, fathered by
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with high approbation – "the solidity of her remarks might do honour to those of the opposite sex" – and were equally approving of
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306:(1778), centres on a utopian garden city and features themes of intellectual equality, especially in marriage. Historian
1254:
1206:
338:
commends the "just observations, useful reflections and pertinent allusions to natural and civil history" found in
114:
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126:
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392:
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376:
1085:
Three
Italian Epistolary Novels: Foscolo, De Meis, Piovene: Translations, introductions and backgrounds
1244:
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381:
370:
148:
may have been influenced by her writings, taking the same names as some of Lady Mary's characters.
403:
200:
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368:, as the English author included several of Hamilton's names in her works: Bennet and Bingley in
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982:
The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women: From the Earliest Times to 2004
836:
276:
130:
1224:
Lady Mary Hamilton Papers. James Marshall and Marie-Louise Osborn Collection
980:
Rendall, Jane (2006). Ewan, Elizabeth; Innes, Sue; Reynolds, Siân (eds.).
315:
is marred by sententiousness and relentless intellectual name-dropping".
380:. Johns observes that Hamilton's feminist utopian ideas also influenced
212:
239:
318:
Contemporary reviews of her books were in the main very favourable.
402:
155:
201:
http://bedsarchivescat.bedford.gov.uk/Details/archive/110423904
1226:, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
1022:(PhD). Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences.
175:, by his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of David Monypenny.
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140:(1778), centres on a utopian garden city populated with
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of the 18th century. She was the youngest daughter of
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1130:. Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press Inc.
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633:
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89:
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1109:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
990:
963:Utopian Imagination and Eighteenth-Century Fiction
173:Alexander Leslie, fifth earl of Leven and Melville
993:The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English
989:Sage, Lorna, ed. (1999). "Hamilton , Lady Mary".
353:The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English
1019:General Paul Thiébault: His Life and His Legacy
865:"Art. 29 Memoirs of the Marchioness de Louvoi"
845:. Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
254:and helped her write another book in French,
238:After Hamilton's death, Lady Mary lived near
8:
919:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
233:Alexander Leslie-Melville, 7th Earl of Leven
144:and females escaping disastrous marriages.
1106:Ugo Foscolo: An Italian in Regency England
229:James Hope-Johnstone, 3rd Earl of Hopetoun
20:
913:(2004). "Walker, Lady Mary (1736–1822)".
879:Women's Utopias of the Eighteenth Century
760:
522:
242:, where she was very close to the writer
209:Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton
1124:Wicks, Margaret Campbell Walker (1937).
1067:. New York: Facts On File. p. 551.
852:"Guide to the Lady Mary Hamilton Papers"
748:
736:
688:
545:
486:
1127:The Italian Exiles in London, 1816–1848
1088:. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc.
1016:Sigler, Jackson L. (14 December 2005).
916:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
700:
664:
505:
454:
407:Title Page from an 1818 publication of
113:; 8 May 1736 – 29 February 1821) was a
1046:"Memoirs of the Marchioness de Louvoi"
997:. Cambridge University Press. p.
652:
595:
391:A collection of her papers is held by
808:
796:
784:
772:
712:
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637:
574:
7:
1190:Memoirs of the Marchioness De Louvoi
943:Charles Nodier: Pilot of Romanticism
724:
620:
425:Memoirs of the Marchioness de Louvoi
340:Memoirs of the Marchioness de Louvoi
332:Memoirs of the Marchioness de Louvoi
1064:Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature
1029:"Letters from the Duchesse de Crui"
414:She published the following works:
211:and owner of a sugar plantation in
119:Alexander Leslie, 5th Earl of Leven
84:Alexander Leslie, 5th Earl of Leven
1265:18th-century British women writers
899:"Art. 35 The Life of Mrs. Justman"
14:
1152:Letters from the Duchesse de Crui
419:Letters from the Duchesse de Crui
359:Letters from the Duchesse de Crui
328:Letters from the Duchesse de Crui
189:Letters from the Duchesse de Crui
1182:from Hathi Trust Digital Library
882:. University of Illinois Press.
842:Dictionary of National Biography
1250:18th-century Scottish novelists
940:Oliver, Alfred Richard (1964).
1061:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2006).
1044:Smollett, Tobias, ed. (1777).
1027:Smollett, Tobias, ed. (1776).
279:officer, achieved the rank of
1:
984:. Edinburgh University Press.
946:. Syracuse University Press.
326:, met the publication of the
217:Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy
167:Lady Mary Leslie was born at
1270:18th-century British writers
933:UK public library membership
1275:Daughters of Scottish earls
1214:La famille du duc de Popoli
1143:Works by Lady Mary Hamilton
1082:Traversa, Vincenzo (2005).
850:Ducharme, Diane J. (2010).
294:, before moving to Amiens.
256:La famille du duc de Popoli
1291:
1207:University of Pennsylvania
858:. Yale University Library.
679:, pp. 41–43, 296–300.
302:Her most successful work,
1219:Austrian National Library
1260:Scottish women novelists
961:Rees, Christine (1996).
437:The Life of Mrs. Justman
344:The Life of Mrs. Justman
342:. However its review of
163:, Lady Mary's birthplace
152:Family and personal life
75:George Robinson Hamilton
1103:Vincent, E. R. (1953).
393:Yale University Library
1160:(limited pages) from
925:10.1093/ref:odnb/12115
876:Johns, Alessa (2003).
828:"Hamilton, Mary"
411:
164:
825:Alger, J. G. (1890).
406:
377:Sense and Sensibility
221:General Paul Thiébaut
197:General Paul Thiébaut
159:
787:, pp. 110, 112.
250:. Nodier translated
1193:volume 1, from the
1050:The Critical Review
1033:The Critical Review
897:Lewis (June 1782).
739:, pp. 204–208.
577:, pp. 296–300.
382:Mary Wollstonecraft
371:Pride and Prejudice
320:The Critical Review
268:Brompton, Middlesex
93:Elizabeth Monypenny
63:Brompton, Middlesex
903:The Monthly Review
869:The Monthly Review
863:Griffiths (1777).
703:, p. 210-211.
412:
386:Catharine Macaulay
374:, and Dashwood in
336:The Monthly Review
165:
121:and the mother of
100:Lady Mary Hamilton
25:Lady Mary Hamilton
1255:Writers from Fife
1147:Project Gutenberg
1008:978-0-521-66813-2
931:(Subscription or
911:McMillan, Dorothy
715:, pp. 41–43.
443:The Duc de Popoli
409:The Duc de Popoli
298:Literary analysis
260:The Duc de Popoli
244:Sir Herbert Croft
235:(Mary's nephew).
115:Scottish novelist
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16:Scottish novelist
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58:(1821-02-28)
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1245:1821 deaths
1240:1736 births
965:. Longman.
837:Lee, Sidney
818:Works cited
653:Oliver 1964
596:Sigler 2005
366:Jane Austen
288:Ugo Foscolo
146:Jane Austen
1234:Categories
1074:1438109105
972:081562073X
953:1438109105
935:required.)
889:0252028414
809:Johns 2003
797:Johns 2003
785:Johns 2003
773:Lewis 1782
713:Wicks 1937
677:Wicks 1937
638:Alger 1890
575:Wicks 1937
450:References
277:Royal Navy
131:Royal Navy
41:8 May 1736
37:1736-05-08
1217:from the
1205:from the
725:Rees 1996
621:Sage 1999
70:Spouse(s)
65:, England
1180:Volume 5
1176:Volume 4
1172:Volume 3
1168:Volume 1
839:(eds.).
262:(1810).
191:(1777).
1158:Preview
213:Jamaica
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445:, 1810
439:, 1782
433:, 1778
427:, 1777
421:, 1777
240:Amiens
111:Leslie
90:Mother
80:Father
831:. In
399:Works
1178:and
1111:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1003:ISBN
967:ISBN
948:ISBN
884:ISBN
384:and
275:, a
231:and
219:and
125:, a
53:Died
31:Born
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921:doi
357:in
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108:née
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