479:
entrance, enabling small vessels to enter or leave at any time of the tide. Being narrow it is somewhat difficult to locate. A permanent beacon at each end of the channel would be very useful" ....... On Lady
Musgrave "The phosphate-guano deposits proved very meagre. Taking the whale boat we then sailed down to Fairfax Island (Bunker No.2), only: four or five miles distant. Fairfax Island was a difficult place to work, particularly as to the shipping; tide work was necessary and a launch was used for the long tow out to the anchorage. Operations on a minor scale were carried on at Lady Musgrave at the same time, a ketch being employed to lighter cargoes across to the sailing vessels loading at the other island. It was out of the question to use steamers in the trade, the rate of loading being much too low".
66:
646:, colloquially known as 'mutton birds', nest in burrows in the interior of the island and their mournful wails can be heard at night. These birds are readily seen along the forest walk at night and precaution must be taken to not stray from the path as the burrows easily collapse under the weight of a person. From September to March, migratory shorebirds such as ruddy turnstone, grey-tailed tattler, wandering tattler, bar-tailed godwit, Pacific golden plover and lesser sand plover can be seen foraging on the reef flat at low tide.
253:
787:, schooner, has returned with the sails and a portion of the running and standing gear. The vessel, it appears, did not strike on Bunker's Group, as reported by Captain Machen, but upon what is known as Heron Island, about ninety miles to the northward of Bunker's Group. When the boat reached the vessel she was settled in a hollow in one of the reefs, the outer formation of the hollow acting as a breakwater against the seas. One side of the vessel was quite visible, and the new
630:
323:
862:
53:
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809:, on Masthead Reef, whither she went on June 15 Captain Dwyer informs us that the Jane Lockhart still lies in a very snug position, and he has no doubt but that himself, and Mr Norris, the purchaser of the wreck, will be able, ultimately, to raise the vessel and bring her safely to Rockhampton
776:
The vessel was originally stated as having hit at Lady
Musgrave reef (most unlikely) later news reports claim wreck on Heron Island with some other reports mention the wreck on either One Tree Island or Mast Head. The vessel was built in 1861 at Ulladulla New South Wales and registered in Sydney with
602:
Camping is allowed for up to 40 people at a time, with some restrictions (e.g.: no open fires), and must be booked. Camping can be booked up to 11 months in advance and is recommended that you do so, especially during school holidays. The island is closed to all campers in the months of
February
374:
The island has no fresh water supply, so visitors need to bring all fresh drinking water. A composting toilet is available on the island. The area also has many visits by both passing vessels cruising the
Queensland coast and day trippers in fast jet catamarans (typically Lady Musgrave Island). The
715:
Also in 1936, the destruction of vegetation at Lady
Musgrave Island and other islands of the Capricorn-Bunker Group was described by NP Ranger G. Geoffrey, who reported the presence of 'about 20 head of goats' at Lady Musgrave Island, herds of goats in the Bunker Group, and about '150 head
297:
A small pond of brackish water is located towards the southern end of the cay. The island is located on the southern end of a large lagoon. From a boating perspective, a good thing about Lady
Musgrave reef is that one can enter the lagoon via a deep water channel. There has been some debate about
812:
Nearly the whole of the period that they were at the reef, very heavy weather prevailed, staving operations towards the recovery of the cargo, but luckily the strong SE winds lulled for about three days
Captain Dwyer availed himself of the occasion, set to work, rigged up a staging between the
695:
Goats were originally introduced around the end of the 19th century by the early survey vessel mariners and the early guano vessels and whalers (and the guano vessels and whalers tended to be the same vessels) as they left goats in a number of locations, and coconut trees, for they believed that if
561:
is a diesel engined bulk carrier of 35,218 tonnes deadweight, built in 1983. It carries alumina in bulk, The ship is fitted with cargo-handling equipment which enables it to discharge its own cargoes and has been employed continuously since commissioning in the carriage of alumina from
Gladstone to
730:
One reason why the eradication of goats was difficult to accomplish was the deliberate transfer of some animals between islands, as Julie Booth, a naturalist resident on
Fairfax Island, reported in 1969. She stated: 'there have been a large number of campers at Lady Musgrave who visited Fairfax .
340:
A lease for navigation purposes exists on Lady
Musgrave Island with a lighthouse was constructed on Lady Musgrave Island in April 1974. The light is controlled and maintained by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority with inspections of the light are undertaken by helicopter, and an area of the
478:
An extract from the original miners helps paint the picture of the operations on Lady Musgrave "We had a good run across, and pitched camp a short distance above the crown of the beach, the cutter anchoring in the capacious lagoon. This has the important distinction of having a narrow deep-water
719:
By 1947, the destruction of the island vegetation by goats was still occurring. Mr Marshall, the Queensland Ichthyologist, stated that 'at present the above island has become overrun with goats. They have eaten the island bare of grass and are now destroying trees.' In 1948, an early attempt to
546:
The ship suffered extensive bottom damage in the incident. There was no loss of life or injury to persons and no pollution of the marine environment attributable to the incident. The ship was refloated with the aid of a tug on 26 March 1985 and anchored off the island until 29 March for divers'
487:
A concrete slab is the only remnant of a resort which operated at Lady Musgrave Island during the 1930s. The island had been a hub for a number of pleasure cruises when eventually more extensive construction of tourist facilities occurred in 1938 and 1939 at Lady Musgrave Island, including six
474:
Lady Elliot Island was the first to be mined in 1863. They took about one metre off the island. The next to be mined was the next island in the chain, Lady Musgrave Island. Although they knew the name, the guano miners called the place Bunker number 1 – Fairfax Islands were known as Bunker
711:
This account was corroborated by another, written in 1936 by the Queensland Acting Director of Forests, who stated that at Lady Musgrave and nearby islands the presence of large herds of goats was threatening both the 'scenic charm' of the islands and the native island wildlife; he stated that
313:
from Lady Musgrave Island reef and repaired damage to its hull; apparently Collin's crew had the vessel 'on the hard' on the sand cay to make these repairs. He may have widened the narrow, naturally-occurring 'gap' in the reef to get the repaired vessel out of the lagoon, under tow and without
706:
The undergrowth has been completely eaten away by a flock of goats which have inhabited the place for years, whereas every other island that we saw was clad so thickly in its green and tangled robe of grass and weed and low-hung twisted branches that the crossing of it was a long and hot and
265:
This island is the only shingle cay situated on the leeward reef flat. The island also has beach rock that is exposed along the north eastern and eastern beaches and an outcrop of lithified coral conglomerate, similar to that forming the core of the cay, occurs near the south eastern corner.
641:
nest in abundance in the Pisonia trees whilst bridled terns, black-naped terns and silver gulls nest on the ground in more open areas nearer the beach. The carcasses of noddy tern chicks that fall out of nests or adults that become tangled in the sticky Pisonia seeds are quickly devoured by
488:
cottages and other facilities. The caretakers were Mr & Mrs Bell and they "discourage the removal of marine growth in every way and to assist in this object specimens of the reef life are not even collected for display purposes at the settlement". At around this period the
330:
Lady Musgrave Island is serviced by two operators offering day trips - Lady Musgrave Experience from Bundaberg and 1770Reef from the Town of 1770. In mid-2020, a pontoon will be launched by Lady Musgrave Experience for the use of day visitors and overnight guests.
770:. Departed from Sydney with general cargo for Broadsound; and ran aground on Lady Musgrave Is; maybe on Heron Is or One Tree Island or Masthead Reef Lost on a reef off Heron Island on the night of 17 December 1868. The crew took to the boat and safely reached the
817:, schooner, and by means of a rope and a South Sea Island diver, managed to bring up from eighty to ninety large iron pulley wheels, besides a quantity of machinery and sundries, comprising Ale, porter, liqueur brandy, cutlery, ironmongery, etc Unfortunately the
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An 85 feet long, 110 ton, Brigantine built at Mechanic's Bay, Auckland in 1880 on 9 November 1884 struck no.1 Bunker Island and was refloated after cargo (timber) salvaged, taken to Rockhampton. Eventually became a total loss due wrecking in Fitzroy River 1905.
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complicated task. All the undergrowth has long since gone; hardly a weed can be found from one end of the place to the other; every branch has been denuded of its leaves, and even the bark upon the trees has been gnawed away to the height of several feet
723:
Further damage was documented at Lady Musgrave Island during the 1960s, including others impact besides the destruction of vegetation. In 1964, although the goat population had declined to around 18 animals, many ticks were found at the island.
298:
whether the channel into the lagoon is a naturally occurring phenomenon, or was cut into the lagoon by Japanese or Taiwanese fishermen, or, as legend has it, it was widened by guano miners many years ago; it is recorded by 1938 and in 1966 surveys.
904:
Jell, J. S. and Flood, P. G. (1 April 1978) Guide to the Geology of Reefs of the Capricorn and Bunker Groups, Great Barrier Reef Province with special reference to the Heron Reef. Papers, Department of Geology, University of Queensland, 8 3: 1–85
542:
The ship become hard fast on the reef in a position with the island's light bearing 075 degrees true distant about 0.35 miles (600 m); that the ship's engines continued to run ahead until about 04:00 hours when they were stopped.
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lagoon should generally be avoided during tidal inflow and outflow, as the pull can be quite strong. There is an old legend involving a legless man and a widow who died there. It is rumoured to be haunted by their ghosts.
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M-7 seaplane (registration VH-JLU) carrying passengers from Lady Musgrave Island crashed during take-off on Monday 5 January 1998 with the occupants sustaining only minor injuries. The aircraft was destroyed.
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appeared uninjured. Captain Norris, who went down in charge of the boat, unbent the sails, so that the position of the vessel might as much as possible remain unaltered; he left the yards and masts standing.
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from the 1940 through to the 1960s. It is likely that during World War II Lady Musgrave reef was also used for bombing practice "with the reef now practically a marine desert" as reported in 1952.
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Occasional invasions by locusts or other insects blown from the mainland have caused severe defoliation of Pisonia as on Lady Musgrave in 1925. This has occurred on other nearby islands recently.
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Lady Musgrave Island is the most intensively used of the camping islands within the Capricorn Bunker group, due to its protected anchorage within a semi-enclosed lagoon and daily transfers.
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While still unsatisfactory because of the destruction of vegetation it was still an improvement since the almost complete destruction of the vegetation, in 1927, by around 200–300 goats.
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grazing by goats resulted in the 'destruction of the grass, herbaceous and shrubby vegetation on the islands diminution of the normal food for land birds and other Australian animals.
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can be spotted resting on coral bommies, and the coral lagoon is a haven for a multitude of fish and coral species, and a spectacular destination for anyone interested in snorkelling.
720:
eradicate goats from Lady Musgrave Island was made and a NP Ranger reported that all goats on that island were removed and destroyed, although goats were subsequently re-introduced.
199:, with a 1,192 hectares (2,950 acres) surrounding reef. The island is the second southernmost island in the Great Barrier Reef chain of islands (with the first (southernmost) being
607:. Camping permits can be obtained for a small fee online. Campers can bring their own dive compressors (can only be run from 9 am to 6 pm). Generators are NOT allowed.
496:) was being used to regularly take tourists from Bundaberg to Lady Musgrave Island. The vessel was owned and operated by Eric Keppel Hansen (he preferred to be called Keppel).
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The island is a nesting place for green and loggerhead turtles, and there is usually a turtle-research representative camping on the island during nesting and hatching times.
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of goats' at North Fairfax Island, which were reported to be in very poor condition as a result of lack of food and were eating the roots of Pisonia trees to survive.
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It is recognised that the permitted numbers of visitors on Lady Musgrave Island at this time, have reached (and at times exceeded) an ecologically sustainable level.
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African Guinea fowls that were released at Lady Musgrave Island in 1974. These were present in the 1980s but unsure if they are still present on the island.
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Over a period of time the vegetation suffered and damage was caused on the island from over-grazing by goats, as on many islands in the Great Barrier Reef.
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In particular, the destruction of vegetation at Lady Musgrave Island has been documented since 1928, when Napier provided the following account:
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That the grounding was directly caused by the failure of the officer of the watch to control the navigation of the ship over an extended period.
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Capricornia Cays National Park and Capricornia Cays National Park (Scientific) Management Plan, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (QPWS)
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sunk between 11 and 17 December 1868 on Lady Musgrave Island / Heron Island / Masthead Reef or One Tree Island The vessel was a 2-masted
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As the island is well outside the light cone of coastal cities, the stargazing is spectacular, with nightly meteor showers not uncommon.
605:
https://web.archive.org/web/20061002052638/https://www.epa.qld.gov.au/parks/iaparks/gds/IAGDS030.do#Lady%20Musgrave%20Island%20campground
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can often be found hunting in the shallows around the island. These species are not dangerous to humans, and are fascinating to watch.
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lease is set aside for landing purposes. The facility is maintained using an amphibious vehicle launched from a maintenance vessel.
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water ran out, much to the chagrin of the crew, who would have raised a great deal more, only having to run into port for supplies
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the Official number of 36858 and a Registered number of 9/1861 with a gross tonnage of 80 tons and 82 feet in length.
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1116:. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
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to the south where guano mining had started in the early 1860s. Some remains of these activities are still evident.
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people got shipwrecked, they had a goat to eat and they had a coconut to provide them with some sort of a liquid.
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1316:, by Loney, J. K. (Jack Kenneth), 1925–1995. Portarlington Vic. Marine History Publications, 1987 910.4530994 LON
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inspection of the damage and temporary repairs. The ship then proceeded under its own power at reduced speed to
422:. The main charting exercise for all the islands and reefs was carried out in 1843 under the command of Captain
218:
Lady Musgrave Island, and the immediate surrounds, is a national park and can be reached by excursion boat from
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A fishing trawler on or around Christmas 1990/91 also caught fire and sank in North East corner of lagoon.
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letter Reference A. H. C., Acting Dir. of Forests to chairman, Land Admin. Board, Brisbane, 18 December
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Adventuring in coral seas Ellis, Albert F. (Albert Fuller), 1869–1951 Sydney Angus and Robertson, 1936
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The daily (subject to weather) tourist boat from 1770 can resupply campers with prearranged supplies.
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1304:, by Loney, J. K. (Jack Kenneth), 1925–1995. Geelong Vic: List Publishing, 1982 910.4530994 LON
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Letter from G. Geoffrey, NP Ranger to Sec., Qld. Forestry Sub-Dept., Brisbane, 6 October 1936.
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letter H. F. Baker, West Bundaberg to Sec., Qld. Forestry Sub-Dept., Brisbane, 29 October 1938
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centipedes and the nutrients eventually returned to the soil. From December to May, migratory
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number 2. Fairfax was more heavily mined before the miners moved onto North West Island.
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with current usages including camping, permitted on four cays up to the following limits:
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Motor Vessel Struck a reef off Lady Musgrave Island during cyclone Emily, 1 April 1972.
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during the 1890s. This was an extension of a more substantial guano mining operation on
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was the first European to discover the region. He gave his name to the southern group.
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The vegetation is less dense than that of the larger sand cays of the Capricorn Group.
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Goat were eradicated 1974 on Lady Musgrave with approximately 300 removed by hunting.
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brought two goats over from the other island, which they were going to leave here.'
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The southern cays and reefs were first charted between 1819 and 1821 by Lieutenant
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Chief Inspector of Fisheries (E J Coulter) AR CIF Vol 1 part 2 1952 pp1009- 1012
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1263:, by Loney, J. K. (Jack Kenneth), 1925–1995. Sydney. Reed, 1980 910.4530994 LON
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and in a Brisbane newspaper reporting in December 1875 Collin's salvage of the
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and his published journal provides valuable information on some of the cays.
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P. H. Anderson, Bundaberg to Dept. of Forestry, Brisbane, 12 November 1964.
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and March to protect turtle hatchlings. More information can be found at
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More convincingly however, the channel is mentioned in William Collin's
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http://advancedconservation.org/library/campbell_&_donlan_2005.pdf
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Letter from J. Booth, Fairfax Island to W. Wilkes, 20 May 1969.
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letter Reference to Forester E. Lister, Bundaberg, 18 October 1948.
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for assessment of the damage and, subsequently, permanent repairs.
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The Australian Transport Safety Bureau. Investigation Reports,1985
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QNPWS, Lady Musgrave Island: visitor information, QNPWS, Brisbane
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Life and adventures (of an Essexman) : a Queensland pioneer
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At about 03:40 on 25 March 1985 the Australian registered ship
192:
1325:
Australian Transport Safety Board investigation # 199800002 "
375:
area is also of significances as a fishery particularly for
303:
Life & Adventures of an Essexman: a Queensland pioneer
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grounded on Lady Musgrave Island, while on a voyage from
1205:
letter, Editor, News Mail, Bundaberg, 18 November 1974
1087:"Grounding of TNT Alltrans in the Great Barrier Reef"
637:
There are an enormous number of birds on the island.
459:(bird droppings) occurred on Lady Musgrave Island,
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1277:http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1314537
500:Military target practice at Fairfax Islands, 1943
783:One of the boats dispatched to the wreck of the
654:, pied oystercatchers, sooty oystercatchers and
599:trees forming most of the remaining percentage.
245:by local Australian Aboriginal tribes. The name
805:, schooner, has returned from the wreck of the
256:Entrance to the lagoon at Lady Musgrave island
234:). The island is part of the Capricornia Cays
907:http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:10881
8:
72:
1302:Australian shipwrecks Vol. 3 1871–1900
797:and 6 months later it was reported as
1009:– via National Library of Australia.
51:
20:
1047:Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site: Photo
589:) trees are the primary vegetation, with
230:(located approximately 5 hours north of
222:(located approximately 4 hours north of
897:
658:are resident on the island year-round.
241:Lady Musgrave Island is referred to as
18:Protected area in Queensland, Australia
1314:Australian shipwrecks Vol. 4 1901–1986
1261:Australian shipwrecks Vol. 2 1851–1871
1246:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1239:
737:Vegetation has recovered since 1974.
364:60 campers (30 from October to March)
156:Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
7:
508:were used as a bombing range by the
1193:Walker 1991; D. Arnold pers. comm.
145:0.275 km (0.1 sq mi)
1382:Important Bird Areas of Queensland
344:Much of this area comes under the
14:
1372:Islands on the Great Barrier Reef
925:. Birds Australia. Archived from
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860:
71:
64:
948:ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 195
650:, white and grey phases of the
370:30 campers. (Currently closed.)
358:Lady Musgrave Island 40 campers
886:Capricornia Cays National Park
346:Capricornia Cays National Park
1:
433:which was accompanied by the
412:Royal Navy, initially in the
203:). The Island is named after
178:Protected areas of Queensland
1001:. 2 December 1875. p. 2
757:Known shipwrecks on the reef
439:. The naturalist, Professor
188:is a 14 hectares (35 acres)
483:Tourist resort in the 1930s
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1291:Saturday 17 July 1869
876:Capricorn and Bunker Group
779:From the original reports
564:Bunbury, Western Australia
549:Newcastle, New South Wales
523:grounding on 25 March 1985
510:Royal Australian Air Force
616:The extreme edges of the
451:Guano mining in the 1890s
211:, a colonial governor of
59:
50:
36:
968:Collin, William (1914),
749:Locusts or other insects
644:wedge-tailed shearwaters
639:white-capped noddy terns
326:Lady Musgrave Lighthouse
249:means 'beautiful reef'.
1111:C.Michael Hogan. 2011.
919:"IBA: Capricornia Cays"
424:Francis Price Blackwood
284:Casuarina equisetifolia
269:Vegetation consists of
226:) and from the Town of
1275:, 2 January 1869
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126:23.90833°S 152.39417°E
1349:at Wikimedia Commons
958:Steers Detailed notes
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579:Environmental aspects
533:Gladstone, Queensland
514:Royal Australian Navy
494:photo of the Sapphire
325:
278:Tournefortia argentea
255:
205:Lady Lucinda Musgrave
1347:Lady Musgrave Island
1289:The Brisbane Courier
1273:The Brisbane Courier
1228:on 19 September 2009
998:The Brisbane Courier
741:African guinea fowls
666:whitetip reef sharks
656:Capricorn silvereyes
186:Lady Musgrave Island
167:Lady Musgrave Island
151:Managing authorities
131:-23.90833; 152.39417
92:Nearest town or city
79:Lady Musgrave Island
25:Lady Musgrave Island
1137:On the Barrier Reef
680:leatherback turtles
443:, was on board the
410:Phillip Parker King
236:Important Bird Area
122: /
1367:Great Barrier Reef
1093:. 1 September 1985
1073:2012-02-15 at the
881:Great Barrier Reef
774:at Keppel Island.
652:eastern reef egret
635:
596:Pandanus tectorius
568:Bell Bay, Tasmania
537:Bluff, New Zealand
469:Lady Elliot Island
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290:Pandanus tectorius
258:
207:, the wife of Sir
201:Lady Elliot Island
197:Great Barrier Reef
1345:Media related to
1139:, pp. 35–36.
868:Queensland portal
648:Buff-banded rails
465:North West Island
418:and later in the
353:North West Island
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1003:. Retrieved
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1377:Guano trade
1232:13 December
827:Bannockburn
633:Noddy terns
394:Eber Bunker
377:king prawns
355:150 campers
129: /
117:152°23′39″E
104:Coordinates
1356:Categories
1097:5 February
892:References
247:Wallaginji
243:Wallaginji
213:Queensland
114:23°54′30″S
30:Queensland
1114:Coral Sea
974:, Diddams
583:Pisonia (
428:HMS
388:Discovery
261:Geography
220:Bundaberg
97:Gladstone
1242:cite web
1135:Napier,
1071:Archived
854:See also
815:Lockhart
768:schooner
625:Wildlife
591:she-oaks
490:Sapphire
420:Bathurst
311:Norseman
307:Norseman
232:Brisbane
224:Brisbane
174:See also
933:12 June
923:Birdata
574:Ecology
436:Bramble
415:Mermaid
396:of the
383:History
318:Tourism
162:Website
836:Kokotu
664:Small
402:Albion
287:, and
1226:(PDF)
1219:(PDF)
844:Maule
819:Roses
691:Goats
686:Pests
676:Green
618:coral
457:guano
190:coral
1248:link
1234:2008
1099:2024
1007:2015
980:2015
935:2011
803:Rose
801:The
678:and
668:and
593:and
557:The
512:and
463:and
142:Area
41:II (
566:to
445:Fly
430:Fly
426:in
193:cay
1358::
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1240:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
