1468:
20:
1480:
1456:
1444:
126:
in Oregon, its waters reaching an elevation of about 1,292 metres (4,239 ft) above sea level and covering an area of about 2,839 square kilometres (1,096 sq mi) with a highly irregular shape. Several islands formed in the lake, such as the
387:
Lavine, Alexis; Aalto, K. R. (15 May 2002). "Morphology of a crater-filling lava lake margin, The
Peninsula tuff cone, Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, California: implications for formation of peperite textures".
226:
Water levels began to decrease as the
Pleistocene ended, as the climate became drier and the outlet to the Klamath River lower. The former lake floor is nearly level, and the shoreline is almost unwarped. Today,
242:
The floor of the drying lake featured deep soils and abundant vegetation, water and wildlife; thus it was quickly populated by humans who migrated there over 3,000 years ago. The former lake bed is now used as
218:
blocking a former southward-draining outlet. The lake appears to have existed during the
Pleistocene and late Pliocene, with some lake deposits estimated to be at least 3 million years old. During
431:
Reheis, Marith C.; Adams, Kenneth D.; Oviatt, Charles G.; Bacon, Steven N. (August 2014). "Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States—a view from the outcrop".
206:
drains the area. Given that the basin at present cannot hold a lake the size of Lake Modoc, it is likely that its formation and demise was influenced by the existence of outlets.
580:
58:
epochs, its formation probably influenced by volcanism and faulting. The bed of the former lake had plentiful resources for early humans, and today it is used for agriculture.
1545:
1565:
1540:
1560:
1550:
573:
151:
Unlike other pluvial lakes, Lake Modoc had a steady inflow of surface water, owing to its proximity to snow- and glacier-covered mountains of the
1555:
566:
95:
1505:
1510:
374:
Environmental changes in the Tule Lake basin, Siskiyou and Modoc
Counties, California, from 3 to 2 million years before present
122:
and volcanism. It covered a length of 120 kilometres (75 mi) from south of Tule Lake in
California to near present-day
789:
247:, and agriculture is the most prevalent human land use in the region. Part of the southern shoreline has been covered by
1525:
1515:
1218:
160:
1535:
1291:
1281:
659:
628:
255:; the Glass Mountain lava flow was emplaced about 1,000 years ago, and some Holocene lava flows have been faulted.
1428:
1412:
1377:
176:
1530:
156:
882:
1040:
543:
184:
19:
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1198:
1094:
1089:
977:
967:
913:
907:
887:
215:
132:
67:
239:
remain from Lake Modoc; Upper
Klamath Lake is the largest present-day lake in Oregon by surface area.
1035:
440:
397:
220:
103:
1324:
172:
128:
236:
232:
43:
39:
892:
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1301:
996:
943:
872:
687:
592:
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83:
524:"Pluvial Lake Modoc, Klamath County, Oregon, and Modoc and Siskiyou Counties, California"
444:
401:
1460:
1213:
1208:
1056:
1045:
1025:
1020:
953:
928:
877:
841:
836:
744:
697:
87:
409:
372:
Adam, David P.; Bradbury, J. Platt; Rieck, Hugh J.; Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. (1990).
106:. The region of Lake Modoc was first described during the early and mid-19th century.
1499:
1484:
1314:
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1241:
1119:
1079:
1074:
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1001:
857:
831:
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692:
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203:
152:
136:
99:
75:
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962:
923:
918:
852:
808:
779:
774:
765:
682:
649:
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612:
545:
The Legacy of
Ancient Lake Modoc: A Historical Geography of the Klamath Lakes Basin
192:
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91:
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1177:
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1069:
1011:
987:
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902:
897:
867:
847:
823:
813:
784:
589:
214:
Lake Modoc was probably formed by geologic processes such as faulting or by the
115:
66:
It has been known for over a century that large lakes previously existed in the
55:
1407:
1261:
1256:
1233:
1223:
1153:
1139:
972:
938:
702:
202:
blocked it, although seepage continued from there to this day. Presently, the
31:
417:
102:. Lake Modoc was so named by Samuel N. Dicken, professor of geography at the
1342:
862:
799:
718:
248:
228:
199:
140:
47:
654:
252:
244:
51:
1334:
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71:
35:
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Lake Modoc also featured an outflow, at first to the south before a
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464:
462:
324:
322:
320:
295:
293:
280:
278:
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268:
139:. The shoreline of Lake Modoc is well visible close to
114:
Lake Modoc was a pluvial lake that existed during the
1421:
1355:
1333:
1300:
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764:
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727:
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675:
668:
637:
621:
600:
251:, and geologic processes have continued into the
390:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
574:
8:
542:Dicken, Samuel N.; Dicken, Emily F. (1985).
504:
492:
480:
340:
311:
155:. Its watershed extended over present-day
761:
672:
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567:
559:
367:
365:
363:
361:
175:counties (all in Oregon), including the
264:
468:
352:
328:
299:
284:
376:(Report). Washington, D.C. p. 2.
7:
1546:Lakes of Siskiyou County, California
16:Former lake in California and Oregon
195:from the Cascades filled the lake.
163:counties (both in California), and
131:, present-day Miller Hill close to
14:
1566:Former lakes of the United States
1541:Lakes of Modoc County, California
223:4, Lake Modoc was deep and cold.
38:, in the location of present-day
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1561:Lakes of Klamath County, Oregon
1551:Lakes of Jackson County, Oregon
453:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.012
1:
790:Proglacial lakes of Minnesota
410:10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00285-2
1556:Lakes of Lake County, Oregon
86:. Such lakes also formed in
221:marine oxygen isotope stage
23:Present-day Tule Lake basin
1582:
660:West Siberian Glacial Lake
433:Quaternary Science Reviews
1506:Pleistocene North America
1437:
1429:List of prehistoric lakes
1413:Great Tehuelche Paleolake
135:and Turkey Hill close to
505:Dicken & Dicken 1985
493:Dicken & Dicken 1985
481:Dicken & Dicken 1985
341:Dicken & Dicken 1985
312:Dicken & Dicken 1985
50:. It existed during the
883:Lake Houghton (glacial)
98:are remnants of former
1511:Pliocene North America
1125:Kankakee Outwash Plain
1041:Glacial Lake Sammamish
24:
1090:Lake Jordan (Montana)
978:Glacial Lake Missoula
968:Glacial Lake Columbia
908:Nipissing Great Lakes
888:Glacial Lake Iroquois
216:Medicine Lake Volcano
68:Western United States
22:
1449:Geography portal
1219:Lake Nantucket Sound
1036:Glacial Lake Russell
118:in basins formed by
104:University of Oregon
90:, where present-day
30:is a former lake in
1526:Lakes of California
1516:Pliocene California
522:Dicken, SN (1980).
445:2014QSRv...97...33R
402:2002JVGR..114..147L
1461:History portal
914:Early Lake Ontario
237:Lower Klamath Lake
233:Upper Klamath Lake
44:Lower Klamath Lake
40:Upper Klamath Lake
25:
1536:Geology of Oregon
1493:
1492:
1485:Oceans portal
1351:
1350:
1021:Glacial Lake Hood
910:(Multiple basins)
844:(Multiple basins)
753:
752:
608:Lake Makgadikgadi
1573:
1483:
1482:
1473:Lakes portal
1471:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1325:Lake San AgustĂn
1204:Lake Connecticut
1149:Lake Monongahela
1100:Lake Musselshell
1085:Lake Great Falls
762:
673:
595:and related seas
593:proglacial lakes
583:
576:
569:
560:
552:
550:
538:
528:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
457:
456:
428:
422:
421:
384:
378:
377:
369:
356:
350:
344:
338:
332:
326:
315:
309:
303:
297:
288:
282:
177:Williamson River
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1531:Lakes of Oregon
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1417:
1347:
1329:
1302:Rio Grande rift
1296:
1228:
1187:
1163:
1134:
1104:
1050:
1006:
997:Lake Bonneville
982:
948:
944:Lake Whittlesey
873:Early Lake Erie
818:
794:
749:
723:
707:
688:Baltic Ice Lake
664:
633:
617:
596:
587:
555:
548:
541:
526:
521:
517:
512:
511:
507:, pp. 1–2.
503:
499:
491:
487:
483:, pp. 1–4.
479:
475:
467:
460:
430:
429:
425:
386:
385:
381:
371:
370:
359:
351:
347:
343:, pp. 1–8.
339:
335:
327:
318:
314:, pp. 1–3.
310:
306:
298:
291:
283:
266:
261:
212:
149:
112:
84:Lake Bonneville
70:, most notably
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
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1523:
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1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:Lake Ballivián
1359:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
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1317:
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1297:
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1289:
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1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1214:Lake Merrimack
1211:
1209:Lake Hitchcock
1206:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1130:Lake Wisconsin
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1057:Missouri River
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1046:Lake Skokomish
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:Lake Nisqually
1023:
1017:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
993:
991:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
959:
957:
954:Columbia River
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
929:Lake Tonawanda
926:
921:
916:
911:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
878:Lake Frontenac
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
842:Lake Algonquin
839:
837:Lake Admiralty
834:
828:
826:
820:
819:
817:
816:
811:
805:
803:
796:
795:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
769:
759:
755:
754:
751:
750:
748:
747:
745:Lake Pickering
742:
737:
731:
729:
725:
724:
722:
721:
715:
713:
709:
708:
706:
705:
700:
698:Mastogloia Sea
695:
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685:
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610:
604:
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598:
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586:
585:
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571:
563:
554:
553:
539:
531:Oregon Geology
518:
516:
513:
510:
509:
497:
485:
473:
471:, p. 187.
458:
423:
379:
357:
355:, p. 182.
345:
333:
331:, p. 180.
316:
304:
302:, p. 183.
289:
287:, p. 179.
263:
262:
260:
257:
211:
208:
148:
145:
111:
108:
88:eastern Oregon
63:
60:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1578:
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1564:
1562:
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1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Klamath River
1519:
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1514:
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1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1486:
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1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:South America
1354:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:Lake Estancia
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1292:Lake Thompson
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Lake Panamint
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:Lake Corcoran
1245:
1243:
1242:Lake Cahuilla
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:Lake Cape Cod
1197:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Lake Kankakee
1118:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Lake McKenzie
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1080:Lake Glendive
1078:
1076:
1075:Lake Cut Bank
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:Lake Chouteau
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:Lake Puyallup
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1002:Lake Lahontan
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
989:
985:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
958:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:Lake Chippewa
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Champlain Sea
830:
829:
827:
825:
821:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
804:
801:
797:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
767:
763:
760:
758:North America
756:
746:
743:
741:
740:Lake Lapworth
738:
736:
735:Lake Harrison
733:
732:
730:
728:Great Britain
726:
720:
717:
716:
714:
710:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:Littorina Sea
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
678:
674:
671:
667:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
640:
636:
630:
629:Lake Washburn
627:
626:
624:
620:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
603:
599:
594:
591:
584:
579:
577:
572:
570:
565:
564:
561:
557:
547:
546:
540:
536:
532:
525:
520:
519:
514:
506:
501:
498:
495:, p. iv.
494:
489:
486:
482:
477:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:
424:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
380:
375:
368:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
349:
346:
342:
337:
334:
330:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
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275:
273:
271:
269:
265:
258:
256:
254:
250:
246:
240:
238:
234:
230:
224:
222:
217:
209:
207:
205:
204:Klamath River
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:Sprague River
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:Cascade Range
146:
144:
142:
138:
134:
133:Klamath Falls
130:
129:Klamath Hills
125:
121:
117:
109:
107:
105:
101:
100:pluvial lakes
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:Lake Lahontan
73:
69:
61:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
1388:Lake Minchin
1320:Lake Palomas
1310:Lake Alamosa
1282:Lake Russell
1266:
1183:Lake Passaic
963:Lake Allison
924:Lake Stanley
919:Lake Saginaw
853:Lake Chicago
809:Lake Ojibway
780:Lake Bassano
775:Lake Agassiz
766:Nelson River
683:Ancylus Lake
650:Lake Tengger
645:Lake Bandung
613:Lake Ptolemy
556:
544:
534:
530:
500:
488:
476:
436:
432:
426:
393:
389:
382:
348:
336:
307:
241:
225:
213:
197:
193:volcanic ash
150:
124:Fort Klamath
113:
92:Malheur Lake
65:
27:
26:
1373:Lake Escara
1287:Lake Tecopa
1272:Lake Mojave
1252:Lake Harper
1192:New England
1178:Lake Albany
1159:Teays River
1111:Mississippi
1070:Lake Circle
1012:Puget Sound
988:Great Basin
934:Lake Warren
903:Lake Minong
898:Lake Maumee
868:Lake Duluth
848:Lake Arkona
824:Great Lakes
814:Tyrrell Sea
785:Lake Souris
590:Pleistocene
515:Works cited
469:Dicken 1980
353:Dicken 1980
329:Dicken 1980
300:Dicken 1980
285:Dicken 1980
116:Pleistocene
56:Pleistocene
1500:Categories
1408:Lake Tauca
1378:Inca Huasi
1267:Lake Modoc
1262:Lake Manly
1257:Lake Manix
1234:California
1224:Lake Stowe
1154:Lake Tight
973:Lake Lewis
939:Lake Wayne
893:Lake Lundy
703:Yoldia Sea
676:Baltic Sea
622:Antarctica
396:(1): 149.
259:References
249:lava flows
187:. Cinder,
185:Lost River
96:Goose Lake
62:Background
32:California
28:Lake Modoc
1343:Lake Atna
863:Lake Dana
800:James Bay
719:Lake Komi
418:0377-0273
229:Tule Lake
200:lava flow
147:Hydrology
141:Tule Lake
48:Tule Lake
1142:drainage
1113:drainage
802:drainage
768:drainage
655:Mundafan
253:Holocene
245:cropland
161:Siskiyou
120:faulting
110:The lake
52:Pliocene
1422:Summary
1403:Salinas
441:Bibcode
398:Bibcode
210:History
169:Klamath
165:Jackson
1383:Mataro
1368:Cabana
1335:Alaska
1171:valley
1169:Hudson
1109:Upper
1055:Upper
1014:system
990:system
956:system
712:Russia
669:Europe
601:Africa
439:: 46.
416:
189:pumice
72:Nevada
36:Oregon
1398:Sajsi
549:(PDF)
537:(11).
527:(PDF)
157:Modoc
137:Malin
1393:Ouki
1140:Ohio
638:Asia
414:ISSN
235:and
191:and
183:and
173:Lake
171:and
159:and
94:and
80:Utah
78:and
54:and
46:and
34:and
449:doi
406:doi
394:114
82:'s
74:'s
1502::
535:42
533:.
529:.
461:^
447:.
437:97
435:.
412:.
404:.
392:.
360:^
319:^
292:^
267:^
231:,
179:,
167:,
143:.
42:,
582:e
575:t
568:v
551:.
455:.
451::
443::
420:.
408::
400::
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