2996:
367:
71:
41:
3008:
78:
48:
2984:
2972:
1843:
Owen, Lewis A.; Bright, Jordon; Finkel, Robert C.; Jaiswal, Manoj K.; Kaufman, Darrell S.; Mahan, Shannon; Radtke, Ulrich; Schneider, Joan S.; Sharp, Warren (2007-05-01). "Numerical dating of a Late
Quaternary spit-shoreline complex at the northern end of Silver Lake playa, Mojave Desert, California:
633:
Based on the Wells chronology, the lake filled before 27,000 years before present and from then on fluctuated below the A-shoreline. The lake was stable at the A-shoreline 21,900 - 19,750 and 16,850 - 13,850 years before present. The early phase is also known as Lake Mojave I, while later phases are
303:
At its maximum stand, Lake Mojave had a surface area of 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi) and a volume of 7 cubic kilometres (1.7 cu mi). Lake Mojave had two separate lake level stands, the A stand and the B stand. The A stand lies at an altitude of 287 metres (942 ft) above
634:
also known as Lake Mojave II. Alternative age ranges are 20,900 - 19,600 for Lake Mojave I and 16,500 - 13,400 for Lake Mojave II. More recent research indicates that water levels remained high between 20,500 and 12,800 years ago, with only a brief drop about 16,200 years ago. Water draining from
1959:
653:
caused Lake Mojave to abandon its A-shoreline and drop to the B-shoreline. Lake Mojave stabilized at the B-shoreline until 8,700 years, 9,700 years or, according to more recent theories, until 11,000 years ago, when the Mojave River no longer supplied enough water to sustain a waterbody.
720:
have been found on its shores, the latter are dated about 10,000 - 8,000 years before present, these archaeological findings are known as the "Lake Mojave" complex. Most archeological sites around Lake Mojave however date to after its drying, often associated with brief highstands.
1902:
Schneider, Joan S.; Warren, Claude N.; Wedding, Jeffrey; Winslow, Diane L.; Rager, Hal B.; Prior, Christine A. (3 July 2017). "On the Shores of Silver Lake, Mojave Desert, California: Late
Holocene Shoreline Features and Functional Hypotheses".
695:
and other glacial expansion episodes. The existence of such lakes was not only limited by climate factors but also by a generally shallow lake basin that caused a strong increase in evaporation with only slight increases in water levels.
1541:
704:
A steady food and freshwater supply as well as the presence of rocks that could be used to manufacture tools drew early humans towards Lake Mojave. As lake levels dropped, people migrated progressively farther down to reach the lake.
329:
exist today where Lake Mojave formerly existed. Soda Lake slopes to the north and lies at a higher altitude than Silver Lake, thus water tends to fill Soda Lake first, overflowing to Silver Lake only during extreme floods.
416:. Lake Mojave was reached about 20,000 years before present by water overflowing from Lake Manix. Compared to today, water flow would have to be at least ten times higher to allow for the formation of Lake Mojave.
1745:
McFadden, L.D.; Wells, S.G.; Brown, W.J.; Enzel, Y. (1992). "Soil genesis on beach ridges of pluvial Lake Mojave: Implications for
Holocene lacustrine and eolian events in the Mojave Desert, Southern California".
424:
A bedrock-lined channel extends from a bay on the northern side of Silver Lake and forms the outlet of Lake Mojave. It is at times less than 3.0 metres (10 ft) wide. The channel terminates into Dry Lake
691:. Other infillings occurred 3,910 ± 152 and 470 ± 160 years ago. Such resurgences of the lake depend on anomalously high precipitation on the San Bernardino Mountains, and are climatically linked to the
687:
Presently, only rarely do lakes form in the basin of Lake Mojave. Individual occurrences occurred in 1916–1917, 1938-1939 and 1969; this latter lake stage was photographed and it submerged the
486:. This low precipitation contrasts to a high evaporation rate of 2,000–2,500 millimetres per year (79–98 in/year). Precipitation varies from year to year and its future changes with
1626:
Garcia, Anna L.; Knott, Jeffrey R.; Mahan, Shannon A.; Bright, Jordon (2014-03-01). "Geochronology and paleoenvironment of pluvial Harper Lake, Mojave Desert, California, USA".
478:
Average precipitation is about 78 millimetres per year (3.1 in/year). Most of it falls during winter and early spring, with about one quarter coming during summer from the
2108:
3048:
389:, 201 kilometres (125 mi) southwest, where precipitation reaches 840 millimetres (33 in) per year. Precipitation increased in response to southward shifts of the
1844:
A comparison of the applicability of radiocarbon, luminescence, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide, electron spin resonance, U-series and amino acid racemization methods".
463:
In 1916-1917 the outlet channel was deepened in order to lower water levels. Before that, the floor of the channel had an elevation of 2,867 metres (9,407 ft).
121:
322:
1823:
3038:
3033:
382:
on the western side of the Lake Mojave basin form small waterbodies. The total watershed area is about 11,860 square kilometres (4,580 sq mi).
338:
testify to the existence of a past lake in the Silver Lake basin. One major beach ridge complex is named the El
Capitan Beach Ridge complex and contains
541:
woodlands down to altitudes of 330 metres (1,080 ft) and desert vegetation. At the time, numerous animal species lived around the lake, including
1511:
Clarke, M.L. (1994). "Infra-red stimulated luminescence ages from aeolian sand and alluvial fan deposits from the eastern Mojave Desert, California".
2101:
802:
774:
70:
1720:"Paleoindian land use at pluvial Lake Mojave: A temporally and seasonally dynamic wetlands resource patch in California's central Mojave Desert"
353:. Dating of dune deposition suggests that the deposition events often correspond to times where water levels in Lake Mojave were less stable.
40:
3063:
1960:"Influence of Late Quaternary Climatic Changes on Geomorphic and Pedogenic Processes on a Desert Piedmont, Eastern Mojave Desert, California"
1114:
3053:
2094:
793:
765:
287:
On the western side, Lake Mojave was bordered by mountains that steeply rise from the basin. The eastern side is more gentle, featuring
471:
Present day climate in the area is hot and dry. On average, summer temperatures exceed 30 °C (86 °F) and are increasing with
1785:
Meek, Norman (1989-01-01). "Geomorphic and hydrologic implications of the rapid incision of Afton Canyon, Mojave Desert, California".
490:
are unclear. However, the water budget of Lake Mojave was mostly controlled by coastal conditions, where the Mojave River originates.
1665:"Late Quaternary paleohydrology of desert wetlands and pluvial lakes in the Soda Lake basin, central Mojave Desert, California (USA)"
1124:
326:
249:
241:
107:
2017:
1873:
Ore, H. Thomas; Warren, Claude N. (1971-09-01). "Late
Pleistocene-Early Holocene Geomorphic History of Lake Mojave, California".
798:
770:
378:
is the principal river reaching the Lake Mojave basin, and the principal river of the Mojave Desert. Presently, a number of
1589:
Fitzgerald, Richard T.; Jones, Terry L. (2003-01-01). "On the Weight of the
Evidence from Cross Creek: A Reply to Turner".
2317:
1663:
Honke, J.S.; Pigati, J.S.; Wilson, J.; Bright, J.; Goldstein, H.L.; Skipp, G.L.; Reheis, M.C.; Havens, J.C. (July 2019).
3043:
2746:
304:
sea level and the B stand at an altitude of 285.4 metres (936 ft). The lake was about 10 metres (33 ft) deep.
741:
315:. A present-day 40 kilometres (25 mi) bay exists on the northwestern side of the Silver Lake basin and includes
1700:"Terminal Pleistocene-Early Holocene Spatio-Temporal and Settlement Patterns around Pluvial Lake Mojave, California"
688:
2819:
2809:
2187:
2156:
522:
1832:
2956:
2940:
2905:
570:
1806:
1886:
386:
2410:
788:
760:
2568:
1540:
Enzel, Yehouda; Brown, William J.; Anderson, Roger Y.; McFadden, Leslie D.; Wells, Stephen G. (1992-07-01).
546:
534:
500:
366:
669:
influence) maintained itself during the
Holocene. Some earlier fluctuations in water levels were caused by
2930:
2657:
2652:
1763:
516:
400:
since about 2–1.5 million years ago, when its previous southward course was blocked by the uplift of the
3058:
2910:
2895:
2726:
2622:
2617:
2505:
2495:
2441:
2435:
2415:
269:
642:
may have aided in the development of Lake Mojave, although much of the water would have continued into
732:
and formed when big mammals disappeared and early humans had to search for different sources of food.
558:
475:. Decreases in temperature are not sufficient to create waterbodies; precipitation must increase too.
429:, 4.8 kilometres (3 mi) away. This spillway stabilized the levels of Lake Mojave during the late
2563:
1971:
1936:
1853:
1794:
1755:
1676:
1635:
1553:
1520:
316:
237:
1768:
2852:
349:
Sediments from Lake Mojave and its two successor basins may be part of the sources of sand for the
312:
276:
lies 140 kilometres (90 mi) northeast of Lake Mojave. Present-day locations on its shores are
673:
in the Lake Manix basin, which occasionally diverted the Mojave River into the Coyote Lake Basin.
627:
1995:
1651:
1614:
1606:
1577:
724:
The so-called "Lake Mojave complex" is a cultural system that was active between 9,000 and 6,000
479:
437:
379:
257:
170:
2420:
2086:
404:. The Mojave River did not always end in Lake Mojave; at other points of its history it reached
2890:
2638:
2135:
1987:
1890:
1810:
1569:
1120:
681:
554:
401:
281:
277:
708:
Some presumably archaeological sites have been found at Lake Mojave, including alignments of
2976:
2731:
2676:
2627:
2612:
1979:
1944:
1912:
1882:
1861:
1802:
1773:
1731:
1684:
1643:
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1561:
1528:
390:
2829:
2524:
2471:
2400:
2215:
2120:
670:
292:
1831:. The 2018 Desert Symposium Field Guide and Proceedings. Desert Symposium. Archived from
2025:
1975:
1940:
1857:
1798:
1759:
1680:
1639:
1557:
1524:
630:. The history of the Silver Lake basin is better known than that of the Soda Lake area.
2988:
2741:
2736:
2584:
2573:
2553:
2548:
2481:
2456:
2405:
2369:
2364:
2272:
2225:
1542:"Short-Duration Holocene Lakes in the Mojave River Drainage Basin, Southern California"
729:
692:
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487:
483:
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453:
253:
184:
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3012:
2842:
2804:
2774:
2769:
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1983:
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589:
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397:
245:
190:
103:
1949:
1925:
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1664:
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The disappearance of Lake Mojave was caused by climatic changes at the start of the
3007:
3000:
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2210:
2177:
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2140:
2072:
Desert
Landforms and Surface Processes in the Mojave National Preserve and Vicinity
2049:
Desert
Landforms and Surface Processes in the Mojave National Preserve and Vicinity
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1999:
643:
639:
615:
457:
375:
308:
288:
229:
177:
158:
1916:
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2515:
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2351:
2341:
2312:
2117:
2064:
1926:"Lake Ivanpah: An overlooked pluvial lake in the southern Great Basin, U. S. A."
1718:
Knell, Edward J.; Taylor, Jan; Kirby, Matthew E.; Garcia, Albert (August 2023).
1647:
725:
677:
623:
574:
538:
445:
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17:
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It was once thought that overflow from Lake Mojave was nourishing a freshwater
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2794:
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2751:
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2500:
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2230:
717:
635:
619:
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413:
409:
1991:
1894:
1814:
1573:
433:, although erosion of the spillway caused a gradual decline in water levels.
136:
123:
2870:
2390:
2327:
2246:
1924:
Spaulding, W. Geoffrey; Sims, Douglas B.; Harvey, Korey T. (February 2021).
578:
335:
273:
1958:
Wells, Stephen G.; McFadden, Leslie D.; Dohrenwend, John C. (1987-03-01).
1698:
Knell, Edward J; Walden-Hurtgen, Leah C; Kirby, Matthew E (January 2014).
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1298:
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233:
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1070:
1045:
1043:
1030:
1028:
967:
965:
963:
911:
909:
872:
870:
393:; this and floods probably contributed to the formation of Lake Mojave.
1610:
857:
855:
853:
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849:
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171:
1015:
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1007:
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713:
709:
339:
1602:
370:
Lake Mojave in relation to other
Pleistocene-era lakes in the region
649:
Between 13,600 and 11,500 years before present, the formation of a
2925:
566:
365:
2074:. Open-File Report 2004-1007. USGS, US Department of the Interior
2051:. Open-File Report 2004-1007. USGS, US Department of the Interior
2920:
1704:
ResearchGate: Journal of California and Great Basin anthropology
562:
550:
343:
225:
162:
153:
2090:
1470:
1221:
838:
938:
936:
602:. There is more vegetation in washes and on river terraces.
1807:
10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0007:gahiot>2.3.co;2
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
1887:
10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2553:LPHGHO]2.0.CO;2
1422:
1410:
1386:
1197:
665:. This contrasts with Lake Ivanpah, which (probably under
510:
freshwater algae developed in early Holocene lake stages.
23:
Glacial lake (former) in San Bernardino County, California
1848:. Dating Quaternary sediments and landforms in Drylands.
646:
due to the insufficient volume of the Lake Mojave basin.
385:
Most water of the Mojave River ultimately comes from the
1825:
Against the current:The Mojave River from Sink to source
1446:
1434:
1283:
1281:
982:
980:
915:
876:
1374:
1338:
1302:
1260:
1248:
1209:
1173:
1158:
1113:
Sharp, Robert Phillip; Glazner, Allen F. (1997-01-01).
1100:
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1049:
971:
954:
900:
888:
861:
1233:
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1034:
1019:
658:
supported by water lasted for several more millennia.
2949:
2883:
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2828:
2760:
2719:
2695:
2666:
2636:
2582:
2538:
2514:
2480:
2350:
2326:
2292:
2285:
2255:
2239:
2203:
2196:
2165:
2149:
2128:
1350:
1272:
610:Lake Mojave existed between 22,000 and 9,000 years
212:
208:
200:
196:
183:
169:
152:
113:
99:
28:
1116:Geology Underfoot in Death Valley and Owens Valley
252:. Its outlet may have ultimately emptied into the
2024:. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from
728:. Possibly, such cultures were derived from the
452:. Water from Lake Mojave eventually reached the
114:
1494:
1482:
291:and pediment. The basin was probably formed by
2102:
585:, which could provide food for early humans.
311:abut the shores of Lake Mojave that face the
8:
588:Present-day vegetation in the area includes
3049:Lakes of San Bernardino County, California
2289:
2200:
2109:
2095:
2087:
1724:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
25:
1948:
1767:
1735:
1688:
1458:
1185:
1139:
1119:. Mountain Press Publishing. p. 16.
942:
927:
826:
803:United States Department of the Interior
775:United States Department of the Interior
2065:"The Mojave River and Associated Lakes"
752:
533:Lake Mojave was surrounded by a mix of
1875:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1447:Knell, Walden-Hurtgen & Kirby 2014
1435:Knell, Walden-Hurtgen & Kirby 2014
1398:
1362:
1287:
998:
986:
916:Knell, Walden-Hurtgen & Kirby 2014
877:Knell, Walden-Hurtgen & Kirby 2014
680:deposits left by Lake Mojave, forming
444:research indicated that that area was
16:For the Arizona/Nevada reservoir, see
2042:"Changing Climates and Ancient Lakes"
2018:"Mojave National Preserve: Soda Lake"
1101:Wells, McFadden & Dohrenwend 1987
901:Wells, McFadden & Dohrenwend 1987
7:
1822:Miller, David M., ed. (April 2018).
1326:
1314:
676:Wind erosion affected the beach and
794:Geographic Names Information System
766:Geographic Names Information System
77:
47:
3039:Glacial lakes of the United States
2063:Philip Stoffer (14 January 2004).
2040:Philip Stoffer (14 January 2004).
14:
3034:Former lakes of the United States
1351:Spaulding, Sims & Harvey 2021
1273:Spaulding, Sims & Harvey 2021
250:San Bernardino County, California
108:San Bernardino County, California
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
618:in the Mojave Desert, including
530:may have provided food sources.
504:have been found at Lake Mojave.
396:The Mojave River flows into the
76:
69:
46:
39:
1950:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106792
1690:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.021
799:United States Geological Survey
771:United States Geological Survey
199:
689:Tonopah and Tidewater railroad
1:
2318:Proglacial lakes of Minnesota
2022:Geology in the National Parks
1917:10.1080/1947461X.2017.1391479
98:
90:Show map of the United States
3064:Lakes of Southern California
1984:10.1016/0033-5894(87)90072-X
1866:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.01.001
1778:10.1016/0341-8162(92)90018-7
1737:10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104059
1566:10.1016/0033-5894(92)90030-M
1533:10.1016/0277-3791(94)90073-6
1648:10.1016/j.yqres.2013.10.008
1495:Fitzgerald & Jones 2003
1483:Fitzgerald & Jones 2003
742:List of lakes in California
3080:
3054:Lakes of the Mojave Desert
2188:West Siberian Glacial Lake
1929:Quaternary Science Reviews
1669:Quaternary Science Reviews
1513:Quaternary Science Reviews
523:Limnocythere ceriotuberosa
15:
2965:
2957:List of prehistoric lakes
2941:Great Tehuelche Paleolake
33:
2016:USGS (13 January 2004).
1846:Quaternary International
412:, the Cronese Lakes and
387:San Bernardino Mountains
204:288 m (945 ft)
2411:Lake Houghton (glacial)
638:after the formation of
614:. It is one of several
547:black-tailed jackrabbit
514:of Lake Mojave include
501:Anodonta californiensis
268:Lake Mojave existed in
2653:Kankakee Outwash Plain
2569:Glacial Lake Sammamish
1905:California Archaeology
571:Merriam's kangaroo rat
517:Limnocythere bradburyi
498:A number of shells of
371:
137:35.24113°N 116.08017°W
60:Show map of California
2618:Lake Jordan (Montana)
2506:Glacial Lake Missoula
2496:Glacial Lake Columbia
2436:Nipissing Great Lakes
2416:Glacial Lake Iroquois
1471:Schneider et al. 2017
1459:Ore & Warren 1971
1222:Schneider et al. 2017
1186:Ore & Warren 1971
1140:Ore & Warren 1971
943:Ore & Warren 1971
928:Ore & Warren 1971
839:Schneider et al. 2017
827:Ore & Warren 1971
369:
270:San Bernardino County
2977:Geography portal
2747:Lake Nantucket Sound
2564:Glacial Lake Russell
1375:McFadden et al. 1992
1339:McFadden et al. 1992
1249:McFadden et al. 1992
1159:McFadden et al. 1992
972:McFadden et al. 1992
955:McFadden et al. 1992
889:McFadden et al. 1992
142:35.24113; -116.08017
3044:Lakes of California
1976:1987QuRes..27..130W
1964:Quaternary Research
1941:2021QSRv..25406792S
1858:2007QuInt.166...87O
1799:1989Geo....17....7M
1760:1992Caten..19...77M
1681:2019QSRv..216...89H
1640:2014QuRes..81..305G
1628:Quaternary Research
1558:1992QuRes..38...60E
1546:Quaternary Research
1525:1994QSRv...13..533C
319:and a beach ridge.
133: /
2989:History portal
2442:Early Lake Ontario
1838:on 6 October 2022.
1591:American Antiquity
1401:, p. 533,534.
1077:Garcia et al. 2014
1062:Garcia et al. 2014
1035:Garcia et al. 2014
480:Gulf of California
372:
232:that, through the
3021:
3020:
3013:Oceans portal
2879:
2878:
2549:Glacial Lake Hood
2438:(Multiple basins)
2372:(Multiple basins)
2281:
2280:
2136:Lake Makgadikgadi
1423:Enzel et al. 1992
1411:Enzel et al. 1992
1387:Enzel et al. 1992
1303:Honke et al. 2019
1261:Honke et al. 2019
1234:Knell et al. 2023
1198:Enzel et al. 1992
1174:Honke et al. 2019
1020:Knell et al. 2023
862:Honke et al. 2019
622:and Coyote Lake,
555:desert cottontail
402:Transverse Ranges
282:Baker, California
219:
218:
201:Surface elevation
3071:
3011:
3010:
3001:Lakes portal
2999:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2853:Lake San Agustín
2732:Lake Connecticut
2677:Lake Monongahela
2628:Lake Musselshell
2613:Lake Great Falls
2290:
2201:
2123:and related seas
2121:proglacial lakes
2111:
2104:
2097:
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2057:
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2003:
1954:
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1920:
1898:
1881:(9): 2553–2562.
1869:
1839:
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1712:
1711:
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1536:
1519:(5–7): 533–538.
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1213:
1210:Owen et al. 2007
1207:
1201:
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1177:
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1092:
1089:Owen et al. 2007
1086:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1050:Owen et al. 2007
1047:
1038:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
975:
969:
958:
952:
946:
940:
931:
925:
919:
913:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
865:
859:
842:
836:
830:
824:
807:
806:
785:
779:
778:
757:
559:desert mule deer
391:polar jet stream
317:wavecut terraces
173:
148:
147:
145:
144:
143:
138:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
116:
91:
80:
79:
73:
61:
50:
49:
43:
26:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2945:
2875:
2857:
2830:Rio Grande rift
2824:
2756:
2715:
2691:
2662:
2632:
2578:
2534:
2525:Lake Bonneville
2510:
2476:
2472:Lake Whittlesey
2401:Early Lake Erie
2346:
2322:
2277:
2251:
2235:
2216:Baltic Ice Lake
2192:
2161:
2145:
2124:
2115:
2085:
2077:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2015:
2011:
2009:Further reading
2006:
1957:
1923:
1901:
1872:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1784:
1769:10.1.1.617.4675
1744:
1717:
1709:
1707:
1697:
1662:
1625:
1603:10.2307/3557087
1588:
1539:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1461:, p. 2559.
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1188:, p. 2557.
1184:
1180:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1146:
1142:, p. 2556.
1138:
1134:
1127:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
978:
970:
961:
953:
949:
945:, p. 2555.
941:
934:
930:, p. 2558.
926:
922:
914:
907:
899:
895:
887:
883:
875:
868:
860:
845:
837:
833:
829:, p. 2553.
825:
810:
787:
786:
782:
759:
758:
754:
750:
738:
702:
608:
496:
469:
422:
364:
359:
301:
266:
236:, occupied the
187: countries
172:Primary inflows
141:
139:
135:
132:
127:
124:
122:
120:
119:
95:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
87:
86:
85:
81:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
55:
51:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:Lake Ballivián
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:Lake Merrimack
2739:
2737:Lake Hitchcock
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2658:Lake Wisconsin
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2585:Missouri River
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2574:Lake Skokomish
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2554:Lake Nisqually
2551:
2545:
2543:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2482:Columbia River
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Lake Tonawanda
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:Lake Frontenac
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2370:Lake Algonquin
2367:
2365:Lake Admiralty
2362:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2273:Lake Pickering
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2226:Mastogloia Sea
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2060:
2037:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1970:(2): 130–146.
1955:
1921:
1911:(2): 259–291.
1899:
1870:
1840:
1819:
1782:
1742:
1715:
1695:
1660:
1634:(2): 305–317.
1623:
1597:(2): 396–399.
1586:
1537:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1497:, p. 398.
1487:
1485:, p. 397.
1475:
1473:, p. 263.
1463:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1305:, p. 104.
1292:
1290:, p. 533.
1277:
1265:
1253:
1238:
1226:
1224:, p. 271.
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1163:
1144:
1132:
1125:
1105:
1103:, p. 137.
1093:
1081:
1079:, p. 308.
1066:
1064:, p. 307.
1054:
1039:
1037:, p. 305.
1024:
1003:
1001:, p. 537.
991:
989:, p. 534.
976:
959:
947:
932:
920:
905:
903:, p. 131.
893:
881:
866:
843:
841:, p. 262.
831:
808:
780:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
737:
734:
730:Clovis culture
701:
698:
693:Little Ice Age
612:before present
607:
604:
535:pinyon-juniper
495:
492:
488:global warming
484:Gulf of Mexico
473:global warming
468:
465:
454:Amargosa River
421:
418:
363:
360:
358:
355:
313:Soda Mountains
300:
297:
272:. The city of
265:
262:
254:Colorado River
244:basins in the
224:is an ancient
217:
216:
214:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
194:
193:
188:
181:
180:
175:
167:
166:
156:
150:
149:
117:
111:
110:
101:
97:
96:
83:
82:
75:
74:
68:
67:
66:
65:
53:
52:
45:
44:
38:
37:
36:
35:
34:
31:
30:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3076:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:South America
2882:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Lake Estancia
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2820:Lake Thompson
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:Lake Panamint
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Lake Corcoran
2773:
2771:
2770:Lake Cahuilla
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Lake Cape Cod
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:Lake Kankakee
2646:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:Lake McKenzie
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:Lake Glendive
2606:
2604:
2603:Lake Cut Bank
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Lake Chouteau
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Lake Puyallup
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2530:Lake Lahontan
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:Lake Chippewa
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Champlain Sea
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:North America
2284:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Lake Lapworth
2266:
2264:
2263:Lake Harrison
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:Great Britain
2254:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Littorina Sea
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:Lake Washburn
2155:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2028:on 2007-03-11
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1852:(1): 87–110.
1851:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1449:, p. 49.
1448:
1443:
1440:
1437:, p. 43.
1436:
1431:
1428:
1425:, p. 68.
1424:
1419:
1416:
1413:, p. 69.
1412:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1389:, p. 65.
1388:
1383:
1380:
1377:, p. 87.
1376:
1371:
1368:
1365:, p. 13.
1364:
1359:
1356:
1353:, p. 25.
1352:
1347:
1344:
1341:, p. 82.
1340:
1335:
1332:
1329:, p. 10.
1328:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1263:, p. 89.
1262:
1257:
1254:
1251:, p. 78.
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1212:, p. 91.
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:, p. 67.
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1176:, p. 90.
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1161:, p. 80.
1160:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1126:9780878423620
1122:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1091:, p. 90.
1090:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1052:, p. 89.
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
974:, p. 81.
973:
968:
966:
964:
960:
957:, p. 77.
956:
951:
948:
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
924:
921:
918:, p. 46.
917:
912:
910:
906:
902:
897:
894:
891:, p. 79.
890:
885:
882:
879:, p. 45.
878:
873:
871:
867:
864:, p. 91.
863:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
835:
832:
828:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
809:
804:
800:
796:
795:
790:
784:
781:
776:
772:
768:
767:
762:
761:"Silver Lake"
756:
753:
747:
743:
740:
739:
735:
733:
731:
727:
722:
719:
715:
711:
706:
699:
697:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:pluvial lakes
613:
605:
603:
601:
600:
595:
591:
590:creosote bush
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:bighorn sheep
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
524:
519:
518:
513:
509:
508:
503:
502:
493:
491:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
466:
464:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Mojave Desert
394:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
368:
361:
356:
354:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
324:
320:
318:
314:
310:
309:alluvial fans
305:
298:
296:
294:
290:
289:alluvial fans
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:Mojave Desert
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
215:
211:
207:
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195:
192:
191:United States
189:
186:
182:
179:
176:
174:
168:
164:
160:
157:
155:
151:
146:
118:
112:
109:
105:
104:Mojave Desert
102:
72:
42:
32:
27:
19:
3059:Mojave River
2916:Lake Minchin
2848:Lake Palomas
2838:Lake Alamosa
2810:Lake Russell
2799:
2711:Lake Passaic
2491:Lake Allison
2452:Lake Stanley
2447:Lake Saginaw
2381:Lake Chicago
2337:Lake Ojibway
2308:Lake Bassano
2303:Lake Agassiz
2294:Nelson River
2211:Ancylus Lake
2178:Lake Tengger
2173:Lake Bandung
2141:Lake Ptolemy
2076:. Retrieved
2071:
2053:. Retrieved
2048:
2030:. Retrieved
2026:the original
2021:
1967:
1963:
1932:
1928:
1908:
1904:
1878:
1874:
1849:
1845:
1833:the original
1824:
1790:
1786:
1754:(1): 77–97.
1751:
1747:
1727:
1723:
1708:. Retrieved
1703:
1672:
1668:
1631:
1627:
1594:
1590:
1552:(1): 60–73.
1549:
1545:
1516:
1512:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1317:, p. 9.
1310:
1275:, p. 1.
1268:
1256:
1236:, p. 4.
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1135:
1115:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1057:
1022:, p. 3.
994:
950:
923:
896:
884:
834:
792:
783:
764:
755:
723:
707:
703:
686:
675:
660:
648:
644:Death Valley
640:Afton Canyon
632:
628:Lake Ivanpah
609:
597:
587:
532:
521:
515:
505:
499:
497:
477:
470:
462:
458:Death Valley
440:, but later
435:
423:
395:
384:
376:Mojave River
373:
348:
332:Beach ridges
321:
306:
302:
286:
267:
230:Mojave River
221:
220:
178:Mojave River
159:Glacial lake
2901:Lake Escara
2815:Lake Tecopa
2800:Lake Mojave
2780:Lake Harper
2720:New England
2706:Lake Albany
2687:Teays River
2639:Mississippi
2598:Lake Circle
2540:Puget Sound
2516:Great Basin
2462:Lake Warren
2431:Lake Minong
2426:Lake Maumee
2396:Lake Duluth
2376:Lake Arkona
2352:Great Lakes
2342:Tyrrell Sea
2313:Lake Souris
2118:Pleistocene
1793:(1): 7–10.
1706:(34): 43–60
1399:Clarke 1994
1363:Miller 2018
1288:Clarke 1994
999:Clarke 1994
987:Clarke 1994
789:"Soda Lake"
718:projectiles
700:Archaeology
684:sediments.
624:Lake Harper
575:pocket mice
539:Joshua tree
528:Crustaceans
448:-supported
446:groundwater
438:Lake Dumont
431:Pleistocene
406:Lake Harper
351:Kelso Dunes
323:Silver Lake
238:Silver Lake
228:fed by the
226:former lake
222:Lake Mojave
140: /
128:116°04′49″W
115:Coordinates
84:Lake Mojave
54:Lake Mojave
29:Lake Mojave
18:Lake Mohave
3028:Categories
2936:Lake Tauca
2906:Inca Huasi
2795:Lake Modoc
2790:Lake Manly
2785:Lake Manix
2762:California
2752:Lake Stowe
2682:Lake Tight
2501:Lake Lewis
2467:Lake Wayne
2421:Lake Lundy
2231:Yoldia Sea
2204:Baltic Sea
2150:Antarctica
2078:2009-09-12
2055:2009-09-12
2032:2009-09-12
1935:: 106792.
1730:: 104059.
1710:2017-03-18
1675:: 89–106.
748:References
712:boulders.
636:Lake Manix
620:Lake Manix
606:Chronology
414:Lake Manly
410:Lake Manix
336:shorelines
295:activity.
213:References
125:35°14′28″N
2871:Lake Atna
2391:Lake Dana
2328:James Bay
2247:Lake Komi
1992:0033-5894
1895:0016-7606
1815:0091-7613
1764:CiteSeerX
1656:129454233
1619:163436699
1582:128620695
1574:0033-5894
1327:Meek 1989
1315:Meek 1989
583:tui chubs
579:shellfish
512:Ostracods
357:Hydrology
327:Soda Lake
274:Las Vegas
264:Geography
256:north of
242:Soda Lake
154:Lake type
2670:drainage
2641:drainage
2330:drainage
2296:drainage
2183:Mundafan
736:See also
671:faulting
663:Holocene
656:Wetlands
651:spillway
594:saltbush
507:Phacotus
442:ostracod
299:The lake
234:Holocene
100:Location
2950:Summary
2931:Salinas
2068:(.html)
2045:(.html)
2000:8405472
1972:Bibcode
1937:Bibcode
1854:Bibcode
1795:Bibcode
1787:Geology
1756:Bibcode
1677:Bibcode
1636:Bibcode
1611:3557087
1554:Bibcode
1521:Bibcode
1504:Sources
714:Bifaces
682:aeolian
667:monsoon
599:Opuntia
494:Biology
467:Climate
450:wetland
420:Outflow
380:springs
2911:Mataro
2896:Cabana
2863:Alaska
2699:valley
2697:Hudson
2637:Upper
2583:Upper
2542:system
2518:system
2484:system
2240:Russia
2197:Europe
2129:Africa
1998:
1990:
1893:
1813:
1766:
1748:CATENA
1654:
1617:
1609:
1580:
1572:
1123:
710:basalt
362:Inflow
340:gravel
258:Blythe
163:former
2926:Sajsi
1996:S2CID
1836:(PDF)
1829:(PDF)
1652:S2CID
1615:S2CID
1607:JSTOR
1578:S2CID
678:delta
567:geese
563:ducks
551:coots
427:playa
293:fault
278:Zzyzx
185:Basin
2921:Ouki
2668:Ohio
2166:Asia
1988:ISSN
1891:ISSN
1811:ISSN
1570:ISSN
1121:ISBN
716:and
626:and
596:and
581:and
537:and
520:and
482:and
456:and
374:The
344:sand
342:and
334:and
325:and
280:and
240:and
1980:doi
1945:doi
1933:254
1913:doi
1883:doi
1862:doi
1850:166
1803:doi
1774:doi
1732:doi
1685:doi
1673:216
1644:doi
1599:doi
1562:doi
1529:doi
307:15
248:of
3030::
2070:.
2047:.
2020:.
1994:.
1986:.
1978:.
1968:27
1966:.
1962:.
1943:.
1931:.
1907:.
1889:.
1879:82
1877:.
1860:.
1809:.
1801:.
1791:17
1789:.
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1752:19
1750:.
1728:50
1726:.
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1632:81
1630:.
1613:.
1605:.
1595:68
1593:.
1576:.
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1560:.
1550:38
1548:.
1544:.
1527:.
1517:13
1515:.
1295:^
1280:^
1241:^
1166:^
1147:^
1069:^
1042:^
1027:^
1006:^
979:^
962:^
935:^
908:^
869:^
846:^
811:^
801:,
797:.
791:.
773:,
769:.
763:.
726:BC
592:,
577:,
573:,
569:,
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460:.
408:,
346:.
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260:.
106:,
2110:e
2103:t
2096:v
2081:.
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2035:.
2002:.
1982::
1974::
1953:.
1947::
1939::
1919:.
1915::
1909:9
1897:.
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161:(
20:.
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