Lake Titicaca - Knowledge (XXG)

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island is 5.5 by 1.6 km (3.42 by 0.99 mi) in size (maximum measurements), with an area of 5.72 km (2.21 sq mi). The highest point of the island is 4,050 m (13,290 ft) above sea level, and the main village is at 3,950 m (12,960 ft). Pre-Inca ruins are found on the highest part of the island, and agricultural terraces on hillsides. From the hillsides of Taquile, one has a view of the tops of Bolivian mountains. The inhabitants, known as

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Guests typically take food staples (cooking oil, rice, etc., but no sugar products, as they have no dental facilities) as a gift, or school supplies for the children on the island. The islanders hold nightly traditional dance shows for the tourists, where they offer to dress them up in their traditional clothes and allow them to participate.

848:) and the Bolivians call it Lago Huiñaymarca (also Wiñay Marka, which in Aymara means the Eternal City) and the larger part Lago Chucuito. The large lake also is occasionally referred to as Lago Mayor, and the small lake as Lago Menor. In Peru, these smaller and larger parts are referred to as Lago Pequeño and Lago Grande, respectively. 1795:("Island of the Sun") is one of the largest islands of the lake. Geographically, the terrain is harsh; it is a rocky, hilly island. No motor vehicles or paved roads are on the island. The main economic activity of the approximately 800 families on the island is farming, with fishing and tourism augmenting the subsistence economy. 1712:

Some of the families on Amantani open their homes to tourists for overnight stays and provide cooked meals, arranged through tour guides. The families who do so are required to have a special room set aside for the tourists and must conform to a code specified by the tourist companies that help them.

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No cars and no hotels are on the island. Since machines are not allowed on the island, all agriculture is done by hand. A few small stores sell basic goods, and a health clinic and six schools are found. Electricity was produced by a generator and provided limited power a few hours each day, but with

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speakers. About 4,000 people live in 10 communities on the roughly circular 15 km (6 sq mi) island. Two mountain peaks, called Pachatata (Father Earth) and Pachamama (Mother Earth) and ancient ruins are on the top of both peaks. The hillsides that rise up from the lake are terraced and

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Historically, most of the Uros islands were located near the middle of the lake, about 14 km (9 mi) from the shore; however, in 1986, after a major storm devastated the islands, many Uros rebuilt closer to shore. As of 2011, about 1,200 Uros lived on an archipelago of 60 artificial islands,

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of the Lower Tinajani Formation, which are exposed within the Tinajani Basin, demonstrate the presence of a pre-Quaternary, ancestral Lake Titicaca within it between 18 and 14 million years ago (Mya). Little is known about the prehistory of Lake Titicaca between 14 Mya and 370,000 BP because the lake

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With a surface area of 8,372 km (3,232 sq mi) and an elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft), Lake Titicaca is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. That claim is generally considered to refer to commercial craft. Numerous smaller lakes around the world are at higher

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is a hilly island located 45 km (28 mi) east of Puno. It is narrow and long and was used as a prison during the Spanish Colony and into the 20th century. In 1970, it became property of the Taquile people, who have inhabited the island since then. The current population is around 2,200. The

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at an elevation 3,815 m (12,516 ft). The age of Lake Mataro is uncertain—it may date back to the Late Pliocene. Lake Cabana possibly dates to the Middle Pleistocene. Lake Ballivián existed between 120,000 and 98,000 BP. Two high lake stands, between 72,000 and 68,000 BP and 44,000–34,000

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of sediments from the bottom of Lake Titicaca at a depth of 235 m (771 ft) and at a location just east of Isla del Sol. This core contains a continuous record of lake sedimentation and paleoenvironmental conditions for Lake Titicaca back to about 370,000 BP. For this period of time, Lake

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Golden in color, many of the islands measure about 15 by 15 m (50 by 50 ft), and the largest are roughly half the size of a football field. Each island contains several thatched houses, typically belonging to members of a single extended family. Some of the islands have watchtowers and

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have slowly lost control over the mass day-tourism operated by non-Taquileans. They have thus developed alternative tourism models, including lodging for groups, cultural activities, and local guides who have completed a 2-year training program. The local Travel Agency, Munay Taquile, has been

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Underwater excavations and surveys in and around Khoa reef, near the Island of Khoa, have recovered thousands of artifacts. These artifacts consist of ceramic feline incense burners, carved juvenile llamas, and well-crafted metal, shell, and stone ornaments. During the fifteenth and sixteenth

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Since 2000, Lake Titicaca has experienced constantly receding water levels. Between April and November 2009 alone, the water level dropped by 81 cm (32 in), reaching the lowest level since 1949. This drop is caused by shortened rainy seasons and the melting of glaciers feeding the

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Over 180 ruins remain on the island. Most of these date to the Inca period around the 15th century AD. Many hills on the island contain terraces, which adapt steep and rocky terrain to agriculture. Among the ruins on the island are the Sacred Rock, a labyrinth-like building called

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with cool to cold temperatures for most of the year. The average annual precipitation is 610 mm (24 in) mostly falling in summer thunderstorms. Winters are dry with very cold nights and mornings and warm afternoons. Below are the average temperatures of the town of

1657:, where they were oppressed by the local population and were unable to secure land of their own. They built the sedge islands, which could be moved into deep water or to different parts of the lake, as necessary, for greater safety from their hostile neighbors on land. 833:

which is the 15th- to the 16th-century name of the sacred rock on the Isla del Sol. Given the lack of a common name for Lake Titicaca in the 16th century, the Spaniards are thought to have used the name of the site of the most important indigenous shrine in the region,

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Five major river systems feed into Lake Titicaca. In order of their relative flow volumes, these are Ramis, Coata, Ilave, Huancané, and Suchez. More than 20 other smaller streams empty into Titicaca. The lake has 41 islands, some of which are densely populated.

1650:(or Uru) people from layers of cut totora, a thick, buoyant sedge that grows abundantly in the shallows of Lake Titicaca. The Uros harvest the sedges that naturally grow on the lake's banks to make the islands by continuously adding sedges to the surface. 890:

The cold sources and winds over the lake give it an average surface temperature of 10 to 14 °C (50 to 57 °F). In the winter (June – September), mixing occurs with the deeper waters, which are always between 10 and 11 °C (50 and 52 °F).

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peoples (around 650–1000 AD) built a major temple on the Island of the Moon. Pottery vessels of local dignitaries dating from this period have been excavated on islands in Lake Titicaca. Two of them were found in the 19th century and are now in the

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The lake has had a number of steamships, each of which was built in the United Kingdom in "knock down" form with bolts and nuts, disassembled into many hundreds of pieces, transported to the lake, and then riveted together and launched.

1669:, Titicaca's major Peruvian port town. The islands have become one of Peru's tourist attractions, allowing the Uros to supplement their hunting and fishing by conveying visitors to the islands by motorboat and selling handicrafts. 3104:

Maldonado, E. E., Hubert, N. N., Sagnes, P. P., & De MÉrona, B. B. (2009). Morphology–diet relationships in four killifishes (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae, Orestias) from Lake Titicaca. Journal of Fish Biology, 74(3), 502–520.

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Taquileans are also known for having created an innovative, community-controlled tourism model, offering home stays, transportation, and restaurants to tourists. Ever since tourism started coming to Taquile in the 1970s, the

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Cross, S. L., P. A. Baker, G. O. Seltzer, S. C. Fritz and R. B. Dunbar (2001). Late Quaternary Climate and Hydrology of Tropical South America Inferred from an Isotopic and Chemical Model of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru.

865:, which at an elevation of 5,030 m (16,500 ft) is the highest large lake in the world. For many years, the largest vessel afloat on Lake Titicaca was the 2,200-ton (2,425 U.S. tons), 79 m (259 ft) 1814:

directed underwater archaeological investigations off of the Island of the Sun, recovering Inca and Tiahuanaco offerings. These artifacts are currently on display in the site museum of the village of Challapampa.

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of new species by humans. A 2011 United Nations report found alarming concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, and lead in various parts of the lake. In 2012, the GNF nominated the lake "Threatened Lake of the Year".

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the rising price of petroleum, they no longer use the generator. Most families use candles or flashlights powered by batteries or hand cranks. Small solar panels have recently been installed on some homes.

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Mourguiart, P., T. Corrége, D. Wirrmann, J. Argollo, M. E. Montenegro, M. Pourchet and P. Carbonel (1998). Holocene Palaeohydrology of Lake Titicaca Estimated from an Ostracod-Based Transfer Function.

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Reinhard, Johan (1992) "Underwater Archaeological Research in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia." In Ancient America: Contributions to New World Archaeology, N. Saunders (ed.), Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 117–143.

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Grove, M. J., P. A. Baker, S. L. Cross, C. A. Rigsby and G. O. Seltzer 2003 Application of Strontium Isotopes to Understanding the Hydrology and Paleohydrology of the Altiplano, Bolivia-Peru.

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for crop rotation purposes. The economy is based on fishing, terraced farming based on potato cultivation, and tourist-generated income from the roughly 40,000 tourists who visit each year.

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in A.J. Tankard, R. Suárez Soruco, and H.J. Welsink, eds., pp. 597–613, Petroleum basins of South America: Memoir no. 62. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

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lake in the world. Titicaca is the largest lake in South America both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).

2855: 3288: 2198:, but in 1987, charitable interests bought her and started restoring her. She is now moored at Puno Bay and provides static tourist accommodation while her restoration continues. 648:, "little lake"), has an average depth of 9 m (30 ft) and a maximum depth of 40 m (131 ft). The overall average depth of the lake is 107 m (351 ft). 2728: 2677: 3187:

Iltis, A., and P. Mourguiart (1992). Higher Plants: Distribution and biomass. pp. 242–253 in: Dejoux, C., eds. (1992). Lake Titicaca: a synthesis of limnological knowledge.

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Taquile is especially known for its handicraft tradition, which is regarded as being of the highest quality. "Taquile and Its Textile Art" were honored by being proclaimed "

3125:(Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the southern Chilean Altiplano: the relevance of ancient and recent divergence processes in speciation. Journal of Fish Biology 82, 927–943. 2609:, edited by C. Dejoux and A. Iltis, pp. 63–88. Monographiae Biologicae. vol. 68, H. J. Dumont and M. J. A. Werger, general editor. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. 807:

in the 16th century. This name can be loosely translated as lance point. This name survives in modern usage in which the large lake is occasionally referred to as

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Baucom, P. C. and C. A. Rigsby 1999 Climate and Lake Level History of the Northern Altiplano, Bolivia, as Recorded in Holocene Sediments of the Río Desaguadero.

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groups that occupied the Lake Titicaca region, it likely lacked a single, commonly accepted name in prehistoric times and at the time the Spaniards arrived.

3397: 1638: 861:, which at an elevation of 6,480–6,500 metres (21,260–21,330 ft) is the overall highest lake in the world, and the 280 km (110 sq mi) 2142:. By then, a railway served the lake, so the ship was delivered in kit form by rail. At 67 m (220 ft) long and 1,809 tons (1,994 U.S. tons), 3275:

Geochronology and stratigraphy of Late Pleistocene lake cycles on the Southern Bolivian Altiplano: implications for causes of tropical climate change.

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and brought by rail to the lake port of Puno. At 79 m (260 ft) long and 2,200 tons (425 U.S. tons), she was considerably larger than the

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species in Lake Titicaca differ significantly in both habitat preference and feeding behavior. About 90% of the fish species in the basin are

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is situated east from the bigger Isla del Sol. Both islands belong to the La Paz Department of Bolivia. According to legends that refer to

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that only are found in the lake. In addition to the threatened Titicaca grebe, some of the birds associated with water at Titicaca are the

672: 2851: 687:, caused by strong winds and intense sunlight at high altitude, balances the remaining 90% of the water loss. It is nearly a closed lake. 3676: 2998:

Pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in marbled water frog Telmatobius marmoratus: first record from Lake Titicaca, Bolivia.

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Talbi, A., A. Coudrain, P. Ribstein and B. Pouyaud (1999). Computation of the Rainfall of Lake Titicaca Catchment During the Holocene.

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Quaternary glaciation and hydrologic variation in the South American tropics as reconstructed from the Lake Titicaca drilling project.

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was the lake's largest ship thus far. In the 1920s, Earle's supplied a new bottom for the ship, which also was delivered in kit form.

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Titicaca was typically fresher and had higher lake levels during periods of expanded regional glaciation that corresponded to global

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sediments dating to this period lie buried beneath the bottom of Lake Titicaca and have not yet been sampled by continuous coring.

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Locally, the lake goes by several names. The southeast quarter of the lake is separate from the main body (connected only by the

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Lauzanne, L. (1992). Fish Fauna. pp. 405–448 in: Dejoux, C., eds. (1992). Lake Titicaca: a synthesis of limnological knowledge.

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at an elevation of 3,860 m (12,660 ft), Lake (North) Minchin at an elevation of 3,825 m (12,549 ft), and

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was 30 m (100 ft) long, but in 1914 her hull was lengthened for extra cargo capacity and she was re-engined as a

1747:" by UNESCO. Knitting is exclusively performed by males, starting at age eight. The women exclusively make yarn and weave. 4086: 4061: 3701: 2260: 3205:

Intermontane Late Paleogene–Neogene Basins of the Andes of Ecuador and Peru: Sedimentologic and Tectonic Characteristics.

2698: 640:), has a mean depth of 135 m (443 ft) and a maximum depth of 284 m (932 ft). The smaller subbasin, 3722: 3121:

Vila, Morales, Scott, Poulin, Veliz, Harrod and Mendez (2013). Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of the genus

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provide evidence for the past existence of five major prehistoric lakes that occupied the Tinajani Basin during the

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Roche, M. A., J. Bourges, J. Cortes and R. Mattos (1992). Climatology and Hydrology of the Lake Titicaca Basin. In

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Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America.

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The endemic gastropod fauna of Lake Titicaca: correlation between molecular evolution and hydrographic history.

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According to legend, the Uru people originated in the Amazon and migrated to the area of Lake Titicaca in the

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Suriki lies in the Bolivian part of lake Titicaca (in the southeastern part also known as lake Wiñaymarka).

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Stanish argues that the logical explanation for the origin of the name Titicaca is a corruption of the term

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sedges grow in water shallower than 3 m (10 ft), less frequently to 5.5 m (18 ft), but

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which means gray, discolored, lead-colored puma. This phrase refers to the sacred carved rock found on the

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commanded the rising of the moon. Ruins of a supposed Inca nunnery (Mamakuna) occupy the oriental shore.

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Extensive carbonate algal bioherms in Upper Pleistocene saline lakes of the central Altiplano of Bolivia

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Fritz, S. C., P. A. Baker, G. O. Seltzer, A. Ballantyne, P. Tapia, H. Cheng, and R. L. Edwards, 2007,

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Management issues in the Lake Titicaca and Lake Poopo system: Importance of developing a water budget

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is no longer in scheduled service, but PeruRail has been leasing her for tourist charter operations.

1627: 1313: 996: 976:. In addition to the Titicaca orestias, native fish species in the lake's basin are other species of 3552: 1304:. Part of this complex included Khoa reef as a location where offerings were dropped into the lake. 1215:, which accumulated between 27 and 20 million years ago within this basin. They lie upon an angular 2275: 1879: 1788: 1759:

The people in Taquile run their society based on community collectivism and on the Inca moral code

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A taxonomic revision of the Andean Killifish Genus Orestias (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae).

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Drawing of Inca Templo del Sol (as seen in 1887) on the Isla del Sol, where the mummified body of

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on the Isla del Sol, as the name for the lake. In time and with usage, this name developed into

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centuries, Lake Titicaca was a mythical place and the location of a pilgrimage complex for the

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Underwater ritual offerings in the Island of the Sun and the formation of the Tiwanaku state.

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can be translated as either crack or fissure, or alternatively, comb of a bird. According to

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grow, sometimes outpacing solid waste and sewage treatment infrastructure. According to the

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The Tinajani Basin, in which Lake Titicaca lies, is an intermontane basin. This basin is a

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from Lake Titicaca, and redescriptions of four others in the genus (Crustacea: Amphipoda).

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Ancient Titicaca: The Evolution of Complex Society in Southern Peru and Northern Bolivia.

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Evolution of the Lake Titicaca basin and its diatom flora over the last ~370,000 years.

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has likely become extinct (last seen in 1938) due to competition and predation by the

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elevations, such as the 6,000 square metres (65,000 sq ft) crater lake of

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The context and meaning of an intact Inca underwater offering from Lake Titicaca.

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Kroll; Hershler; Albrecht; Terrazas; Apaza; Fuentealba; Wolff; and Wilke (2012).

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Situated on the Bolivian side of the lake with regular boat links to the town of

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on the border of Peru and Bolivia. The western part of the lake lies within the

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construction survives, at least as late as 1998. Craftsmen from Suriqui helped

1262:. Within the northern Altiplano (Tinajani Basin), these prehistoric lakes were 3958: 3844: 3834: 2693: 2217: 2150: 2045: 2041: 1915: 1647: 1617: 1288: 1275: 1142: 866: 733: 668: 564: 395: 2829: 2781:"The Devastating Pollution of Lake Titicaca in Peru: Causes and Consequences" 2434: 2120:. She was 52 m (170 ft) long and was launched on the lake in 1893. 2056:. After several years' delay in delivery from the Pacific coast to the lake, 179: 166: 3881: 2805: 2346:. International Lake Environment Committee Foundation – ILEC. Archived from 2106: 1918: 1889: 1839: 1721: 1243:. During periods of reduced regional glaciation that corresponded to global 1204: 1017: 822: 610: 607: 583: 3730: 3001: 2837: 1854:

in London. The structures seen on the island today were built by the Inca (

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created by strike-slip movement along regional faults starting in the late

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Rigsby, C., P. A. Baker and M. S. Aldenderfer 2003 Fluvial History of the

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Fritz, S.C., P.A. Baker, P. Tapia, T. Spanbauer, and K. Westover (2012)

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The "Floating Islands" are small, human-made islands constructed by the

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The lake holds large populations of water birds and was designated as a

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116(17): pp.8233-8238.

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in the construction of several of his projects, such as the reed boats

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Monroy, Mario; Maceda-Veiga, Alberto; de Sostoa, Adolfo (2014-07-15).

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was beached in 1984, but restored as a floating restaurant in 2001.

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Reeds and other aquatic vegetation are widespread in Lake Titicaca.

787:, the Aymara considered in 1948 that the proper name of the lake is 779:) can be translated as white or grey hairs of the head and the term 628:

The lake consists of two nearly separate subbasins connected by the

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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 317–318:93–103.

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American Anthropological Association Memoir. no. 68, pp. 208–210.

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Valley, Peru, and Its Relationship to Climate and Human History.

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had to be built to build her. She was launched in November 1931.

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have been dated as having occurred between 18,100 and 14,100 BP.

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Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 178: 107–214.

2499:"Who Wants to Be a Judge at the National Academic Championship?" 2091: 1803:, Kasa Pata, and Pilco Kaima. In the religion of the Incas, the 1666: 1301: 1284: 1224: 1211:. The initial development of the Tinajani Basin is indicated by 1158: 1061: 768: 695: 579: 567: 265: 208: 3853: 3368:"The Island People: The seventh hidden wonder of South America" 598:

A view of Lake Titicaca and Chelleca island in the background.

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Rouchy, J. M., M. Servant, M. Fournier, and C. Causse, 1996,

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Oakland, California, University of California Press. 338 pp.

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is also an increasing concern because cities in the Titicaca

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Having only a single season of free circulation, the lake is

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Isla de la Luna (Spanish for "island of the moon") is where

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Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

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p. 46. Developments in Hydrobiology. Aquatic Biodiversity.

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For the archaeological site in the Cusco Region, Peru, see

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Andean Tragedy: Fighting the War of the Pacific, 1879–1884

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within the Altiplano. Another ancient lake in the area is

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The Lake Titicaca drilling project recovered a 136-m-long

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The Aymara Indians of the Lake Titicaca Plateau, Bolivia.

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of Peru, and the eastern side is located in the Bolivian

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Geological Society of America Bulletin 118(5-6):515–532.

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Suriki is thought to be the last place where the art of

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are largely or entirely restricted to the lake, and the

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Lake Titicaca is home to more than 530 aquatic species.

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Lake Titicaca – The Highest Navigable Lake in the World

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Large freshwater lake on the border of Peru and Bolivia

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Centuries-old Inca offering discovered in sacred lake.

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Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of South America.

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is another small island on Lake Titicaca populated by

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periods, Lake Titicaca had typically low lake levels.

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is in need of a review. The lake also has an endemic

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species occur in the lake, the smaller, more coastal

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Cameron, Stuart; Robinson, George; Strathdee, Paul.

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Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge

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Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge

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were returned to the Peruvian Navy, which converted

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1450–1532) directly over the earlier Tiwanaku ones.

516: 510: 3997: 3951: 3922: 3888: 3301:Delaere, C., Capriles, J.M. and Stanish, C., 2019. 2721:"Pollution threatens South America's Lake Titicaca" 2149:Trade continued to grow, so in 1930, Earle's built 522: 474: 466: 458: 449: 437: 429: 421: 412: 408: 401: 387: 377: 361: 353: 349: 341: 333: 323: 315: 307: 299: 291: 283: 275: 271: 254: 244: 226: 214: 195: 156: 28: 3998:Other paleolakes and lake expansions in the region 3217: 3215: 3213: 2922:Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press. 314 pp. 1665:clustering in the western corner of the lake near 1270:at an elevation of 3,900 m (12,800 ft), 1266:at an elevation of 3,950 m (12,960 ft), 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3273:Placzek, C., J. Quade, and P. J. Patchett, 2006, 2634:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2485:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2468:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2098:. It was the first warship to navigate the lake. 698:in Peru, the largest urban settlement on the lake 679:. This only accounts for about 10% of the lake's 3329:"ClClimatological Information for Juliaca, Peru" 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2075:In November 1883, during the final phase of the 602:are a common sight along the shores of the lake. 157: 655:A view of Lake Titicaca taken from the town of 606:The lake is located at the northern end of the 3647:(in Spanish) (201). Valparaíso, Chile: 87–90. 3575:La Armada de Chile: una historia de dos siglos 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3203:Marocco, R., R. Baudino, and A. Lavenu, 1995, 3027: 3025: 2996:Cossel, Lindquist, Craig, and Luthman (2014). 3865: 3845:Peru Cultural Society – Lake Titicaca History 2992: 2990: 2344:"Data Summary: Lago Titicaca (Lake Titicaca)" 2297:has a larger surface area, but it is a tidal 2206:survived until 1994, when she was broken up. 1845:Archaeological excavations indicate that the 1661:other buildings, also constructed of sedges. 8: 3484: 3482: 3183: 3181: 3134:Segers, H.; and Martens, K; editors (2005). 1756:established to regain control over tourism. 1094:Titicaca is home to 24 described species of 675:, which then flows south through Bolivia to 2920:Ritual and Pilgrimage in the Ancient Andes. 2462: 2460: 2458: 3872: 3858: 3850: 3683:. Archived from the original on 2009-08-21 3445:Ritual and Pilgrimage in the Ancient Andes 3398:"Rough Waters for Peru's Floating Islands" 2592:Dejoux, C. and A. Iltis (editors) (1992). 1328: 795:. In addition to names including the term 25: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3391: 3389: 3387: 2596:. 68. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. 2588: 2586: 2584: 1878:Ferries and fishing boats in the port of 3670: 3668: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3167:González, E.R.; and Watling, L. (2003). 3011: 3009: 2079:, the Chilean military command sent the 3331:. Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from 2338: 2314: 2287: 448: 250:58,000 km (22,400 sq mi) 3693: 3443:Bauer, Brian and Charles Stanish 2001 3314:Delaere, C. and Capriles, J.M., 2020. 3062: 3060: 3031:Fjeldså, J.; & Krabbe, N. (1990). 2695:Lake Titicaca evaporating away (video) 2674:Lake Titicaca at dangerously low level 2559:"Highest Lake Elevations in the World" 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 755:can be translated in several ways. In 3636:Milesi Sebástian, Sebastiano (2015). 3380:from the original on October 7, 2016. 3019:Ecol Evol. Jul 2012; 2(7): 1517–1530. 2950:from the original on 30 December 2016 2858:from the original on 28 November 2020 2731:from the original on 12 November 2020 2415:from the original on 13 November 2020 2382:from the original on 13 November 2020 1807:was believed to have been born here. 1098:(15 endemics, including several tiny 550: 473: 465: 457: 436: 428: 420: 411: 295:8,372 km (3,232 sq mi) 122: 92: 62: 7: 4082:International lakes of South America 4072:Lakes of La Paz Department (Bolivia) 3729:. The Yavari Project. Archived from 3251:Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 779 pp. 3136:The Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2810:The Science of the Total Environment 2539:from the original on 23 January 2021 1870:Chelleca island on the Bolivian side 1325:, in the northern part of the lake. 1250:Lacustrine sediments and associated 3645:Revista Mar, Liga Marítima de Chile 1827:Isla de la Luna and Cordillera Real 3366:Foer, Joshua (February 25, 2011). 3225:Quaternary Research 68(3):410–420. 3156:Endemic Bivalvia in ancient lakes. 2918:Bauer, B., and Stanish, C. (2001) 2852:"Threatened Lake of the Year 2012" 2569:from the original on 4 August 2016 932:An artificial fish enclosure at a 917:) and the larger, more deep-water 14: 3573:Tromben Corbalán, Carlos (2017). 3447:University of Texas press, Austin 3318:Antiquity, 94(376), pp.1030-1041. 2719:Shahriari, Sara (30 March 2012). 2509:from the original on 6 April 2017 1740:, are southern Quechua speakers. 1104:spp.) and less than half a dozen 582:. It is often called the highest 319:896 km (215 cu mi) 4016: 3175:Hydrobiologia 497(1-3): 181–204. 3111:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02140.x 3066:Hales, J., and P. Petry (2013). 2220: 2086:to the lake, via railroad, from 1761:ama sua, ama llulla, ama qhilla, 803:Lake Titicaca was also known as 506: 145: 121: 114: 91: 84: 61: 54: 34: 3808:from the original on 2011-09-29 3778:from the original on 2011-07-24 3766:Grace, Michael L (2009-11-16). 3723:"The Lake Steamers – Post 1900" 3654:from the original on 2021-06-24 3618:from the original on 2020-04-01 3555:from the original on 2011-07-16 3468:from the original on 2015-09-24 3396:Istvan, Zoltan (July 3, 2003). 2940:"The Highest Lake in the World" 2822:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.134 2762:from the original on 2020-11-27 2647:Journal of Sedimentary Research 1599:Source: Hong Kong Observatory, 1312:Lake Titicaca has a borderline 340: 332: 322: 314: 306: 298: 290: 282: 274: 3835:Bolivian Navy and Naval Ensign 3264:: Sedimentology 43(6):973–993. 3158:Hydrobiologia 568(S): 213–217. 3000:Dis Aquat Organ. 112(1):83-7. 2970:"Ago Titicaca (Lake Titicaca)" 2503:National Academic Championship 936:site near Copacabana, Bolivia. 1: 3727:Yavari – Lake Titicaca – Peru 3549:Yavari - Lake Titicaca - Peru 3427:Bolivia, Lonely Planet 2007, 2725:The Christian Science Monitor 2261:Titicaca National Reservation 1681:Amantani island as seen from 771:, or a heavy metal. The word 345:3,812 m (12,507 ft) 2497:Questions Unlimited (2003). 1279:BP, have been discerned for 1219:which cuts across pre-basin 944:on August 26, 1998. Several 763:can be translated as either 369: 3402:National Geographic Channel 1455:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1385:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 574:mountains on the border of 337:1,125 km (699 mi) 4108: 3598:Sater, William F. (2007). 3050:Parenti, Lynne R. (1984). 2103:William Denny and Brothers 2081:Chilean torpedo boat 1615: 1598: 1331: 1287:. The high lake levels of 1192: 1008:, including 23 species of 493:not a well-defined measure 18: 4013: 3802:International Steam Pages 3700:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3247:Clapperton, C. M., 1993, 2440:Dictionary.com Unabridged 2409:Sites Information Service 2376:Sites Information Service 2060:was launched in 1870 and 1906:, and a balloon gondola. 1524: 1454: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1046:black-crowned night-heron 703:tributaries of the lake. 490: 486: 482: 445: 279:190 km (118 mi) 144: 135:Show map of South America 48: 33: 1630:on Lake Titicaca in the 1134:species is nonendemic). 1130:(an additional Titicaca 1070:many-colored rush-tyrant 552:[ˈlaɣotitiˈkaka] 311:281 m (922 ft) 303:107 m (351 ft) 4057:Ramsar sites in Bolivia 3520:Southern Peru Railroads 3492:South American Handbook 1207:and ending in the late 1074:yellow-winged blackbird 973:Odontesthes bonariensis 287:80 km (50 mi) 3889:Present-day lakes and 3551:. The Yavari Project. 3286:Williams, A.R., 2020. 3154:Slugina, Z.V. (2006). 2854:. GNF. 22 March 2012. 2660:Géosciences de Surface 2040:under contract to the 2023:built the iron-hulled 2008: 1956:line at Puno with the 1882: 1871: 1828: 1784: 1729: 1686: 1643: 1635: 1295:Underwater archaeology 1091: 937: 922: 826: 737: 699: 660: 603: 560: 547: 40:View of the lake from 3002:doi: 10.3354/dao02778 2752:"GNF – Lake Titicaca" 2709:(accessed 2009-11-28) 2194:. The Navy discarded 2002: 1877: 1869: 1826: 1778: 1724: 1680: 1641: 1625: 1616:Further information: 1193:Further information: 1082: 985:Trichomycterus dispar 931: 902: 816: 731: 693: 654: 597: 180:15.82500°S 69.32500°W 4087:Lakes of Puno Region 4062:Ramsar sites in Peru 3798:"Steam in Peru 2001" 3681:Clyde-built Database 3292:National Geographic. 2905:La Barre, W. (1948) 2885:Standish, C. (2005) 2756:www.globalnature.org 2529:"The World Factbook" 2125:Earle's Shipbuilding 1314:subtropical highland 997:Astroblepus stuebeli 185:-15.82500; -69.32500 151:Map of Lake Titicaca 4077:Bolivia–Peru border 3923:Lake expansions of 3497:Footprint Handbooks 3169:Two new species of 2621:Quaternary Research 2563:About.com Education 2276:Yampupata Peninsula 1789:Copacabana, Bolivia 952:and the flightless 950:Titicaca water frog 919:Titicaca water frog 392:Copacabana, Bolivia 378:Sections/sub-basins 325:Residence time 176: / 75:Show map of Bolivia 3545:"The Yavari Story" 3408:on August 6, 2016. 3074:2015-09-24 at the 2701:2022-01-28 at the 2680:2015-02-05 at the 2266:Tourism in Bolivia 2129:Kingston upon Hull 2113:in Scotland built 2077:War of the Pacific 2009: 1958:Bolivian railways' 1883: 1872: 1829: 1785: 1730: 1687: 1644: 1636: 1276:Lake (North) Tauca 1092: 1066:wren-like rushbird 1038:greater yellowlegs 1034:white-backed stilt 1014:white-tufted grebe 982:, and the catfish 946:threatened species 938: 923: 911:marbled water frog 827: 740:Given the various 738: 713:Global Nature Fund 700: 685:Evapotranspiration 661: 613:basin high in the 604: 475:Reference no. 438:Reference no. 4029: 4028: 4005:Cancosa paleolake 3772:Cruising the Past 3611:978-0-8032-4334-7 3584:978-956-01-0431-1 3506:978-0-8442-4886-8 3489:Box, Ben (1998). 2785:www.ecohubmap.com 2241:Extremes on Earth 2164:, so first a new 1655:pre-Columbian era 1603: 1602: 1332:Climate data for 1124:consisting of 11 1096:freshwater snails 958:Titicaca orestias 948:such as the huge 846:Strait of Tiquina 736:satellite in 2020 630:Strait of Tiquina 623:La Paz Department 499: 498: 470:11 September 1998 342:Surface elevation 235:Desaguadero River 4099: 4023:Lakes portal 4021: 4020: 4019: 3914:Salar de Coipasa 3874: 3867: 3860: 3851: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3796:Dickinson, Rob. 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3783: 3768:"The SS Ollanta" 3763: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3738: 3719: 3706: 3705: 3699: 3691: 3689: 3688: 3672: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3653: 3642: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3541: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3486: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3454: 3448: 3441: 3435: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3404:. Archived from 3393: 3382: 3381: 3363: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3325: 3319: 3312: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3284: 3278: 3271: 3265: 3258: 3252: 3245: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3219: 3208: 3201: 3195: 3185: 3176: 3165: 3159: 3152: 3146: 3132: 3126: 3119: 3113: 3102: 3096: 3086: 3080: 3064: 3055: 3048: 3042: 3029: 3020: 3013: 3004: 2994: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2981: 2972:. Archived from 2966: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2936: 2930: 2916: 2910: 2903: 2897: 2883: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2767: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2716: 2710: 2691: 2685: 2669: 2663: 2656: 2650: 2643: 2637: 2630: 2624: 2616: 2610: 2603: 2597: 2590: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2494: 2488: 2477: 2471: 2464: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2340: 2302: 2292: 2256:Taraco Peninsula 2230: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2187:and renamed her 2096:control the area 2017:Thames Ironworks 1986: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1962: 1955: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1931: 1810:During 1987–92, 1329: 1201:pull-apart basin 1054:common gallinule 1022:Chilean flamingo 825:on Lake Titicaca 554: 541: 540: 537: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 491:Shore length is 230: 229:Primary outflows 218: 191: 190: 188: 187: 186: 181: 177: 174: 173: 172: 169: 159: 149: 136: 125: 124: 118: 106: 105:Show map of Peru 95: 94: 88: 76: 65: 64: 58: 38: 26: 21:Titiqaqa (Cusco) 4107: 4106: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4017: 4015: 4009: 3993: 3947: 3918: 3884: 3878: 3826: 3821: 3820: 3811: 3809: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3781: 3779: 3765: 3764: 3745: 3736: 3734: 3721: 3720: 3709: 3692: 3686: 3684: 3674: 3673: 3666: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3640: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3621: 3619: 3612: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3558: 3556: 3543: 3542: 3525: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3499:. p. 292. 3488: 3487: 3480: 3471: 3469: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3442: 3438: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3395: 3394: 3385: 3365: 3364: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3313: 3309: 3300: 3296: 3285: 3281: 3272: 3268: 3259: 3255: 3246: 3242: 3233: 3229: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3198: 3186: 3179: 3166: 3162: 3153: 3149: 3133: 3129: 3120: 3116: 3103: 3099: 3087: 3083: 3076:Wayback Machine 3065: 3058: 3049: 3045: 3030: 3023: 3014: 3007: 2995: 2988: 2979: 2977: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2944:highestlake.com 2938: 2937: 2933: 2917: 2913: 2904: 2900: 2884: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2789: 2787: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2765: 2763: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2703:Wayback Machine 2692: 2688: 2682:Wayback Machine 2671:Carlos Valdez: 2670: 2666: 2657: 2653: 2644: 2640: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2613: 2604: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2542: 2540: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2478: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2402:"Lago Titicaca" 2400: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2369:"Lago Titicaca" 2367: 2366: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2342: 2341: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2305: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2271:Tourism in Peru 2236:Chiripa culture 2226: 2221: 2219: 2216: 1997: 1982: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1965:3 ft 1964: 1960: 1951: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1934:4 ft 1933: 1929: 1912: 1864: 1832:Isla de la Luna 1821: 1819:Isla de la Luna 1773: 1719: 1675: 1620: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1310: 1297: 1241:glacial periods 1197: 1195:Altiplano Basin 1191: 1108:(all in family 897: 888: 863:Lake Puma Yumco 859:Ojos del Salado 854: 785:Weston La Barre 726: 705:Water pollution 673:Río Desaguadero 592: 509: 505: 454: 433:20 January 1997 417: 394: 258: countries 237: 217:Primary inflows 184: 182: 178: 175: 170: 167: 165: 163: 162: 152: 140: 139: 138: 137: 134: 133: 132: 131: 130: 126: 109: 108: 107: 104: 103: 102: 101: 100: 96: 79: 78: 77: 74: 73: 72: 71: 70: 66: 44: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4105: 4103: 4095: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4052:Mountain lakes 4049: 4044: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3933:Lake Ballivián 3929: 3927: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3909:Salar de Uyuni 3906: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3886: 3885: 3879: 3877: 3876: 3869: 3862: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3825: 3824:External links 3822: 3819: 3818: 3788: 3743: 3707: 3664: 3628: 3610: 3590: 3583: 3565: 3523: 3512: 3505: 3478: 3462:British Museum 3449: 3436: 3420: 3411: 3383: 3345: 3320: 3307: 3294: 3279: 3266: 3253: 3240: 3227: 3209: 3196: 3177: 3160: 3147: 3127: 3114: 3097: 3081: 3056: 3043: 3040:978-8788757163 3021: 3005: 2986: 2961: 2931: 2928:978-0292708907 2911: 2898: 2895:978-0520232457 2869: 2843: 2796: 2772: 2742: 2711: 2686: 2664: 2651: 2649:69(3):597–611. 2638: 2625: 2611: 2598: 2580: 2550: 2520: 2489: 2472: 2454: 2426: 2393: 2360: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2295:Lake Maracaibo 2286: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2215: 2212: 1996: 1993: 1953:standard gauge 1911: 1908: 1894:Thor Heyerdahl 1863: 1860: 1852:British Museum 1836:Inca mythology 1820: 1817: 1812:Johan Reinhard 1772: 1769: 1718: 1715: 1674: 1671: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1327: 1318:alpine climate 1309: 1306: 1296: 1293: 1272:Lake Ballivián 1213:volcanic rocks 1190: 1187: 1058:plumbeous rail 1030:Andean lapwing 954:Titicaca grebe 913:(pictured, at 896: 893: 887: 884: 878:, operated by 853: 850: 821:man next to a 809:Lago Chucuito. 725: 722: 591: 588: 561:Titiqaqa Qucha 497: 496: 488: 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 476: 472: 471: 468: 464: 463: 460: 456: 455: 452:Ramsar Wetland 450: 447: 446: 443: 442: 439: 435: 434: 431: 427: 426: 423: 419: 418: 415:Ramsar Wetland 413: 410: 409: 406: 405: 403: 399: 398: 389: 385: 384: 379: 375: 374: 365: 359: 358: 355: 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 339: 338: 335: 331: 330: 327: 321: 320: 317: 313: 312: 309: 305: 304: 301: 297: 296: 293: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 269: 268: 259: 252: 251: 248: 246:Catchment area 242: 241: 232: 224: 223: 220: 212: 211: 199: 193: 192: 160: 154: 153: 150: 142: 141: 128: 127: 120: 119: 113: 112: 111: 110: 98: 97: 90: 89: 83: 82: 81: 80: 68: 67: 60: 59: 53: 52: 51: 50: 49: 46: 45: 39: 31: 30: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4104: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4067:Lakes of Peru 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047:Ancient lakes 4045: 4043: 4042:Lake Titicaca 4040: 4039: 4037: 4024: 4012: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952:Ancient lakes 3950: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3925:Lake Titicaca 3921: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3899:Lake Titicaca 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3880:Lakes on the 3875: 3870: 3868: 3863: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3792: 3789: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3733:on 2011-09-28 3732: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3697: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3632: 3629: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3594: 3591: 3586: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3566: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3516: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3433:1-74104-557-6 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3335:on 2016-03-04 3334: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3193:0-7923-1663-0 3190: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3144:1-4020-3745-7 3141: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3094:0-7923-1663-0 3091: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2976:on 2010-06-12 2975: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2800: 2797: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2750:Weis, Almut. 2746: 2743: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2443:(Online). n.d 2442: 2441: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2414: 2410: 2408: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2381: 2377: 2375: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2350:on 2011-07-23 2349: 2345: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2301:, not a lake. 2300: 2296: 2291: 2288: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2251:Sacred waters 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2185:hospital ship 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2119: 2118: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2054:Peruvian Navy 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2013: 2007:in Puno, 2002 2006: 2001: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1961:1,000 mm 1959: 1954: 1930:1,435 mm 1927: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1868: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1825: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1783:came to rest. 1782: 1777: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1727: 1723: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1697:planted with 1695: 1691: 1684: 1679: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1640: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1611: 1606: 1597: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1528: 1527:precipitation 1523: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1339: 1335: 1334:Juliaca, Peru 1330: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1196: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1118:species flock 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 998: 993: 992: 987: 986: 981: 980: 975: 974: 970: 966: 965:rainbow trout 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 935: 930: 926: 920: 916: 912: 908: 907: 901: 894: 892: 885: 883: 881: 877: 876: 871: 870: 864: 860: 851: 849: 847: 842: 841: 837: 832: 831:thakhsi cala, 824: 820: 815: 811: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 745: 743: 735: 730: 723: 721: 718: 714: 710: 706: 697: 692: 688: 686: 682: 681:water balance 678: 674: 670: 665: 658: 653: 649: 647: 644:(also called 643: 639: 638:Lago Chucuito 636:(also called 635: 631: 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 609: 601: 596: 589: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 566: 563:) is a large 562: 558: 553: 549: 548:Lago Titicaca 545: 539: 503: 502:Lake Titicaca 494: 489: 485: 481: 477: 469: 462:Lago Titicaca 461: 459:Official name 453: 444: 440: 432: 425:Lago Titicaca 424: 422:Official name 416: 407: 404: 400: 397: 393: 390: 386: 383: 380: 376: 372: 371: 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 336: 328: 326: 318: 310: 302: 300:Average depth 294: 286: 278: 270: 267: 263: 260: 257: 253: 249: 247: 243: 240: 236: 233: 231: 225: 221: 219: 213: 210: 207: 203: 200: 198: 194: 189: 161: 155: 148: 143: 129:Lake Titicaca 117: 99:Lake Titicaca 87: 69:Lake Titicaca 57: 47: 43: 37: 32: 29:Lake Titicaca 27: 22: 3969:Lake Minchin 3924: 3898: 3810:. Retrieved 3801: 3791: 3780:. Retrieved 3771: 3735:. Retrieved 3731:the original 3726: 3685:. Retrieved 3680: 3656:. Retrieved 3644: 3631: 3620:. Retrieved 3600: 3593: 3574: 3568: 3557:. Retrieved 3548: 3515: 3491: 3470:. Retrieved 3461: 3452: 3444: 3439: 3423: 3414: 3406:the original 3401: 3371: 3337:. Retrieved 3333:the original 3323: 3315: 3310: 3302: 3297: 3287: 3282: 3274: 3269: 3261: 3256: 3248: 3243: 3235: 3230: 3222: 3204: 3199: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3155: 3150: 3135: 3130: 3122: 3117: 3100: 3084: 3067: 3051: 3046: 3032: 3016: 2997: 2978:. Retrieved 2974:the original 2964: 2952:. Retrieved 2943: 2934: 2919: 2914: 2906: 2901: 2886: 2860:. Retrieved 2846: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2788:. Retrieved 2784: 2775: 2764:. Retrieved 2755: 2745: 2733:. Retrieved 2724: 2714: 2705:– report by 2694: 2689: 2673: 2667: 2662:329:197–203. 2659: 2654: 2646: 2641: 2633: 2628: 2620: 2614: 2606: 2601: 2593: 2571:. Retrieved 2562: 2553: 2541:. Retrieved 2532: 2523: 2511:. Retrieved 2502: 2492: 2484: 2475: 2470:194:281-297. 2467: 2445:. Retrieved 2438: 2429: 2417:. Retrieved 2405: 2396: 2384:. Retrieved 2372: 2363: 2352:. Retrieved 2348:the original 2290: 2228:Lakes portal 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2170: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2122: 2116: 2100: 2082: 2074: 2070:motor vessel 2065: 2061: 2057: 2036: 2029: 2025:sister ships 2021:River Thames 2014: 2010: 2004: 1921: 1913: 1903: 1897: 1887: 1884: 1855: 1844: 1830: 1809: 1797: 1793:Isla del Sol 1786: 1771:Isla del Sol 1764: 1760: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1711: 1707: 1688: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1645: 1632:Isla del Sol 1529:mm (inches) 1336:(1961–1990) 1311: 1298: 1281:Lake Minchin 1249: 1245:interglacial 1233: 1217:unconformity 1198: 1185:are common. 1182:Myriophyllum 1180: 1174: 1168: 1162: 1152: 1146: 1136: 1131: 1125: 1099: 1093: 1009: 1001: 995: 991:T. rivulatus 989: 983: 977: 971: 939: 934:fish farming 924: 915:Isla del Sol 904: 889: 873: 868: 855: 852:Highest Lake 843: 839: 836:thakhsi cala 835: 830: 828: 808: 804: 800: 796: 793:Isla del Sol 788: 780: 776: 772: 760: 752: 748: 746: 739: 717:introduction 701: 694:The city of 666: 662: 646:Lago Pequeño 645: 637: 633: 627: 605: 501: 500: 368: 334:Shore length 316:Water volume 292:Surface area 202:Ancient lake 42:Isla del Sol 3989:Lake Escara 2816:: 233–244. 2487:194:165-185 2246:Ilave River 2111:River Clyde 2044:Foundry of 1984:meter gauge 1922:Manco Capac 1781:Manco Cápac 1268:Lake Cabana 1264:Lake Mataro 1260:Pleistocene 1154:Potamogeton 1143:macrophytes 1110:Sphaeriidae 1084:Andean coot 1050:Andean coot 1042:snowy egret 1026:Andean gull 942:Ramsar Site 906:Telmatobius 886:Temperature 875:Manco Capac 789:titiq’aq’a, 634:Lago Grande 619:Puno Region 388:Settlements 329:1,343 years 276:Max. length 239:Evaporation 183: / 158:Coordinates 4036:Categories 3979:Inca Huasi 3959:Lake Tauca 3904:Lake Poopó 3812:2011-05-20 3782:2011-05-20 3737:2011-05-21 3687:2011-05-20 3658:2021-06-24 3622:2017-02-09 3559:2011-05-20 3472:2017-06-15 3339:2011-05-19 2980:2010-03-10 2790:2023-12-18 2766:2015-05-19 2707:al Jazeera 2636:143:51–72. 2623:56(1):1–9. 2513:6 December 2447:10 January 2435:"Titicaca" 2354:2009-01-03 2309:References 2046:Birmingham 2042:James Watt 1916:dual gauge 1880:Copacabana 1753:Taquileños 1738:Taquileños 1618:Uru people 1289:Lake Tauca 1236:drill core 1225:Lacustrine 1145:, notably 1060:, various 969:silverside 962:introduced 805:Chuquivitu 747:The terms 742:Indigenous 734:Sentinel-2 732:View from 677:Lake Poopó 669:monomictic 657:Copacabana 642:Wiñaymarka 565:freshwater 467:Designated 430:Designated 402:References 396:Puno, Peru 382:Wiñaymarka 308:Max. depth 284:Max. width 171:69°19′30″W 168:15°49′30″S 4092:Altiplano 3891:salt pans 3882:Altiplano 3677:"SS Coya" 2830:1879-1026 2481:Rio Ilave 2171:In 1975, 2123:In 1905, 2107:Dumbarton 2101:In 1892, 2083:Colo Colo 2064:in 1873. 1919:car float 1910:Transport 1890:reed boat 1840:Viracocha 1634:(Bolivia) 1228:sediments 1205:Oligocene 1122:amphipods 1018:Puna ibis 840:Titicaca. 823:reed boat 709:watershed 659:, Bolivia 611:Altiplano 608:endorheic 584:navigable 367:42+ (see 222:27 rivers 3806:Archived 3776:Archived 3696:cite web 3649:Archived 3616:Archived 3553:Archived 3466:Archived 3378:Archived 3171:Hyalella 3123:Orestias 3072:Archived 3069:Titicaca 2954:27 April 2948:Archived 2856:Archived 2838:24784748 2760:Archived 2729:Archived 2699:Archived 2678:Archived 2573:27 April 2567:Archived 2543:27 April 2537:Archived 2507:Archived 2419:25 April 2413:Archived 2386:25 April 2380:Archived 2214:See also 2158:Mollendo 2151:SS 2137:SS 2115:SS 2088:Mollendo 2052:for the 2050:gunboats 2015:In 1862 1987:line at 1979: in 1948: in 1926:PeruRail 1847:Tiwanaku 1801:Chinkana 1703:potatoes 1690:Amantani 1673:Amantani 1626:Raft of 1594:(23.99) 1525:Average 1256:Pliocene 1252:terraces 1132:Hyalella 1127:Hyalella 1114:taxonomy 1106:bivalves 1101:Heleobia 1010:Orestias 1002:Orestias 979:Orestias 967:and the 880:PeruRail 590:Overview 206:Mountain 3974:Salinas 2862:2 March 2533:cia.gov 2208:Ollanta 2183:into a 2166:slipway 2153:Ollanta 2131:on the 2109:on the 2019:on the 1995:History 1974:⁄ 1943:⁄ 1805:sun god 1733:Taquile 1726:Taquile 1717:Taquile 1694:Quechua 1683:Taquile 1607:Islands 1589:(3.38) 1584:(2.18) 1579:(1.62) 1574:(0.87) 1569:(0.23) 1564:(0.09) 1559:(0.12) 1554:(0.39) 1549:(1.70) 1544:(3.88) 1539:(4.28) 1534:(5.25) 1520:(30.6) 1515:(37.4) 1510:(34.7) 1505:(32.5) 1500:(29.5) 1495:(22.3) 1490:(18.5) 1485:(19.4) 1480:(25.2) 1475:(33.1) 1470:(37.8) 1465:(38.3) 1460:(38.5) 1450:(62.8) 1445:(63.9) 1440:(65.8) 1435:(65.5) 1430:(63.7) 1425:(62.6) 1420:(60.8) 1415:(60.8) 1410:(61.9) 1405:(62.2) 1400:(61.7) 1395:(62.1) 1390:(62.1) 1323:Juliaca 1308:Climate 1209:Miocene 1189:Geology 1006:endemic 895:Ecology 869:Ollanta 799:and/or 600:Alpacas 576:Bolivia 570:in the 557:Quechua 544:Spanish 370:article 363:Islands 262:Bolivia 3943:Mataro 3938:Cabana 3608: 3581: 3503: 3431: 3191: 3142: 3092: 3038: 2926: 2893: 2836: 2828: 2735:26 May 2407:Ramsar 2374:Ramsar 2196:Yavari 2181:Yapura 2177:Yapura 2173:Yavari 2135:built 2133:Humber 2066:Yavari 2062:Yapura 2058:Yavari 2037:Yapura 2030:Yavari 2005:Yavari 1989:Guaqui 1924:links 1904:Tigris 1862:Suriki 1728:Island 1685:island 1628:totora 1341:Month 1221:strata 1170:Elodea 1164:Azolla 1139:Totora 1090:sedges 1088:totora 1086:among 1072:, and 994:, and 819:Aimara 781:k’ak’a 757:Aymara 354:Frozen 3964:Sajsi 3652:(PDF) 3641:(PDF) 3373:Slate 2282:Notes 1899:Ra II 1856:circa 1765:suyus 1699:wheat 1592:609.4 1537:108.7 1532:133.3 1380:Year 1302:Incas 1176:Lemna 1148:Chara 1062:ducks 801:caca, 615:Andes 572:Andes 357:never 256:Basin 3984:Ouki 3702:link 3606:ISBN 3579:ISBN 3501:ISBN 3429:ISBN 3189:ISBN 3140:ISBN 3090:ISBN 3036:ISBN 2956:2015 2924:ISBN 2891:ISBN 2864:2017 2834:PMID 2826:ISSN 2737:2012 2575:2015 2545:2015 2515:2016 2449:2020 2421:2018 2388:2018 2204:Inca 2200:Coya 2191:Puno 2189:BAP 2175:and 2162:Inca 2144:Inca 2139:Inca 2117:Coya 2092:Puno 2033:and 1914:The 1902:and 1667:Puno 1648:Uros 1642:Uros 1612:Uros 1587:85.9 1582:55.3 1577:41.1 1572:22.1 1547:43.3 1542:98.5 1518:−0.8 1498:−1.4 1493:−5.4 1488:−7.5 1483:−7.0 1478:−3.8 1448:17.1 1443:17.7 1438:18.8 1433:18.6 1428:17.6 1423:17.0 1418:16.0 1413:16.0 1408:16.6 1403:16.8 1398:16.5 1393:16.7 1388:16.7 1377:Dec 1374:Nov 1371:Oct 1368:Sep 1365:Aug 1362:Jul 1359:Jun 1356:May 1353:Apr 1350:Mar 1347:Feb 1344:Jan 1285:Ouki 1258:and 1179:and 1159:Puno 1151:and 903:Two 797:titi 777:kaka 773:caca 769:lead 765:puma 761:titi 753:caca 751:and 749:titi 724:Name 696:Puno 580:Peru 578:and 568:lake 266:Peru 264:and 209:lake 197:Type 3107:doi 2818:doi 2814:487 2299:bay 2127:at 2105:at 2094:to 2090:to 2035:SS 2028:SS 2003:SS 1928:'s 1567:5.8 1562:2.4 1557:3.1 1552:9.9 1513:3.0 1508:1.5 1503:0.3 1473:0.6 1468:3.2 1463:3.5 1458:3.6 1120:of 867:SS 817:An 478:959 441:881 4038:: 3804:. 3800:. 3774:. 3770:. 3746:^ 3725:. 3710:^ 3698:}} 3694:{{ 3679:. 3667:^ 3643:. 3614:. 3547:. 3526:^ 3495:. 3481:^ 3464:. 3460:. 3400:. 3386:^ 3376:. 3370:. 3348:^ 3212:^ 3180:^ 3059:^ 3024:^ 3008:^ 2989:^ 2946:. 2942:. 2872:^ 2832:. 2824:. 2812:. 2808:. 2783:. 2758:. 2754:. 2727:. 2723:. 2583:^ 2565:. 2561:. 2535:. 2531:. 2505:. 2501:. 2457:^ 2437:. 2411:. 2404:. 2378:. 2371:. 2317:^ 2072:. 1991:. 1981:) 1950:) 1791:, 1701:, 1223:. 1173:, 1167:, 1161:, 1076:. 1068:, 1064:, 1056:, 1052:, 1048:, 1044:, 1040:, 1036:, 1032:, 1028:, 1024:, 1020:, 1016:, 988:, 882:. 767:, 759:, 683:. 625:. 559:: 555:; 546:: 542:; 529:ɑː 204:, 3873:e 3866:t 3859:v 3815:. 3785:. 3740:. 3704:) 3690:. 3661:. 3625:. 3587:. 3562:. 3509:. 3475:. 3342:. 3109:: 2983:. 2958:. 2866:. 2840:. 2820:: 2793:. 2769:. 2739:. 2577:. 2547:. 2517:. 2451:. 2423:. 2390:. 2357:. 1976:8 1972:3 1969:+ 1967:3 1963:( 1945:2 1941:1 1938:+ 1936:8 1932:( 1316:/ 921:. 775:( 538:/ 535:ə 532:k 526:k 523:ˈ 520:ɪ 517:t 514:ɪ 511:t 508:/ 504:( 495:. 373:) 23:.

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