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218:. The 1st-century BCE marble sculpture was created by Athenadoros, Agesander, and Polydoros of Rhodes. The Laocoön group captures a climactic moment, as Laocoön lets out an anguished yell and struggles beside his sons against Athena's sea serpents. Unearthed in Rome in 1506, the sculpture enamored Renaissance artists with its idealized proportions and graceful, muscular figures.
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Laocoön became involved in the war after Greek soldiers, frustrated by their unsuccessful ten-year siege of the city, devised a ruse to end the war: the hollow Trojan Horse filled with Greek soldiers. Laocoön attempted to warn his compatriots that the horse was a "deadly fraud" instead of a gift, but
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reflects a clear
Mannerist influence. Mannerism, which emerged in Italy during the 1520s, reflected the religious turmoil of the Protestant Reformation. The chaos and spiritual uncertainty of the era caused Mannerist painters to reject the balance and proportionality of High Renaissance artists like
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El Greco's version of the classical subject captures the last dying struggle of Laocoön and his sons. Laocoön, the central figure of the painting, lies down in agony on the undulating, dark rocks of the foreground. Sprawled against the foreshortened, dead body of one of his sons, Laocoön clings to
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El Greco distorted the rules of proportion by portraying the mythological characters as elongated, contorted figures. Laocoön sprawls in a strange position, unnaturally stretching out his leg in agony toward the arched, straining body of his son. The distorted figures, with their murky yellow and
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After his initial training as a
Byzantine icon painter in his homeland Crete, El Greco studied in Venice and Rome, where he experimented with the Venetian "colorito" and Renaissance compositional techniques. However, El Greco moved to Spain in 1576, and he settled in Toledo in 1577 as a church
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reminder of Laocoön's failed attempt to convince his countrymen of the trap. El Greco portrays the city Toledo as a world of suffering, using color to create a sense of doom. The high horizon line and the standing figures at the ends of the painting create a vertical composition. Dominated by
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El Greco places the classical subject against a gloomy view of Toledo. El Greco's use of Toledo as the backdrop for his depiction of Laocoön's death may be based on local folklore that the people of Toledo descended from the
Trojans. In the painting, the Trojan horse moves towards the city, a
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contains an undeniable spiritual atmosphere. The torturous figures against the terrifying background convey an intense emotional atmosphere. The pairing of profound religious themes with
Mannerist features would become a defining part of Spanish Renaissance art.
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Laocoön was killed by divine execution from the gods, who supported the Greeks in the Trojan War and sent the sea serpents as punishment. Laocoön's death is the subject of a famous monumental
Hellenistic sculpture, known as
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the
Trojans did not heed the warning. Believing that the war was over, the Trojans triumphantly brought the horse within their city walls and initiated a catastrophic series of events that brought about the sack of Troy.
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Michelangelo and instead portray elongated figures. Mannerism reached its height with El Greco, as seen in the distorted, contorted figures of Laocoön and his sons and the hyper elegance of the gods on the right.
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painter. In Toledo, El Greco honed his eclectic style, becoming a leading artist in the
Mannerist movement and inaugurating the Spanish artistic Renaissance. Both of these styles are evident within
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waged between the
Achaeans (Greeks) and Trojans. Laocoön's tale appears in many of the numerous classical texts concerning the Trojan War. In particular, Laocoön is a minor character in the
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life as a serpent bites his head. On the left, Laocoön's standing son contorts in pain, writhing as a serpent swoops in towards his abdomen. Flanking the scene on the right are
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green coloration, infuse the scene with a sense of suffering and turmoil. The dark, sinister rocks of the foreground add to the intense emotional atmosphere.
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and swirling clouds, the threatening sky looms over Toledo and creates an eerie background that adds to the suffering of the foreground.
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The infusion of intense religious themes, characteristic of El Greco's work during his
Spanish Period, can be seen in
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most likely served as artistic inspiration for El Greco, who would depict the subject during his "Spanish Period".
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El Greco's oil painting of Laocoön represents the influence of both classical mythology and artistry.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20150905221554/http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg29/gg29-33253.html
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reflects the political, religious, and artistic transformations of post-Renaissance society.
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The painting depicts the Greek and Roman mythological story of the deaths of
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142 cm × 193 cm (56 in × 76 in)
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466:"El Greco Biography." Web Gallery of Art. Web. 28 March 2010. <
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is an oil painting created between 1610 and 1614 by Greek painter
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http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/g/greco_el/19/1908grec.html
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According to Greco-Roman mythology, Laocoön was a figure in the
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art with its strong emotional atmosphere and distorted figures.
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http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/bio/g/greco_el/biograph.html
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The
Immaculate Conception with Saint John the Evangelist
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Although El Greco's intention and message are debated,
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487:. National Gallery of Art. Web. 28 March 2010. <
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812:Saint Lawrence's Vision of the Madonna and Child
475:Gardner's Art through the Ages: a Global History
438:Gardner's Art through the Ages: a Global History
392:Gardner's Art through the Ages: a Global History
1247:The Apparition of the Virgin to Saint Hyacinth
508:. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2009. Print.
497:. Web Gallery of Art. Web. 28 March 2010. <
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1547:Portrait of Fray Hortensio Félix Paravacino
1185:Saint John the Evangelist and Saint Francis
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1681:Paintings in the National Gallery of Art
1021:Christ on the Cross Adored by Two Donors
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1424:The Nobleman with his Hand on his Chest
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1501:Portrait of Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli
473:Kleiner, Fred S., and Helen Gardner.
436:Kleiner, Fred S., and Helen Gardner.
390:Kleiner, Fred S., and Helen Gardner.
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95:. It is part of a collection at the
1462:Portrait of Rodrigo Vázquez de Arce
820:Adoration of the Holy Name of Jesus
805:Santo Domingo el Antiguo Altarpiece
519:Provenance, National Gallery of Art
1485:Portrait of Antonio de Covarrubias
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1524:Cardinal Fernando Niño de Guevara
1162:Allegory of the Camaldolese Order
1089:Christ Taking Leave of his Mother
527:– Analysis and Critical Reception
346:"El Greco, Laocoön, c. 1610/1614"
120:in Rome, Laocoön is a product of
1563:Portrait of Jerónimo de Cevallos
1555:Portrait of Juan Pardo de Tavera
1539:Portrait of an Unknown Gentleman
952:The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
836:Disrobing of Christ (El Expolio)
533:from the National Gallery of Art
1472:–1597; lost, known from a copy)
1123:Doña María de Aragón Altarpiece
371:"El Greco (Spanish, 1541–1614)"
1382:Julián Romero and Saint Julian
1097:Saint Andrew and Saint Francis
898:The Martyrdom of Saint Maurice
427:"Laocoön." Web Gallery of Art.
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1571:Portrait of Francisco de Pisa
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1059:Virgin Mary (Mater Dolorosa)
1146:Saint Martin and the Beggar
538:from the Web Gallery of Art
187:The Classical Laocoon Group
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1477:Portrait of an Elderly Man
1104:Adoration of the Shepherds
975:Saint Peter and Saint Paul
720:Purification of the Temple
1610:Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli
1594:Museum of El Greco, Crete
1401:Portrait of Giulio Clovio
1310:Opening of the Fifth Seal
1262:The Immaculate Conception
1232:Saint John the Evangelist
1200:Saint Bernardino of Siena
866:Christ Carrying the Cross
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418:. National Gallery of Art
316:List of works by El Greco
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1302:Saint Thomas the Apostle
1216:Coronation of the Virgin
1036:The Penitent Saint Peter
905:The Tears of Saint Peter
828:Assumption of the Virgin
259:turbulent shades of grey
193:), c. 160 BC and 20 BC,
1589:El Greco Museum, Toledo
1447:Portrait of a Gentleman
1278:View and Plan of Toledo
631:Dormition of the Virgin
504:Spielvogel, Jackson J.
449:Spielvogel, Jackson J.
97:National Gallery of Art
74:National Gallery of Art
1224:Marriage of the Virgin
1177:Saint John the Baptist
859:Saint Anthony of Padua
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1671:Paintings by El Greco
1342:Saint James the Great
1154:The Virgin of Charity
616:Adoration of the Magi
406:. Web Gallery of Art.
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1439:Portrait of a Doctor
766:Entombment of Christ
506:Western Civilization
451:Western Civilization
220:Laocoön and his Sons
216:Laocoön and His Sons
182:Laocoön and His Sons
117:Laocoön and His Sons
16:Painting by El Greco
1001:Agony in the Garden
543:from The Met Museum
326:Spanish Renaissance
209:Classical Sculpture
140:Classical Mythology
968:Holy Face of Jesus
790:Penitent Magdalene
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688:Flight into Egypt
672:Baptism of Christ
594:Artistic overview
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1522:
1514:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1460:
1445:
1437:
1422:
1414:
1399:
1380:
1372:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1318:Saint Jerome
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1245:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1183:
1175:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1072:
1057:
1049:
1034:
1019:
1000:
974:
966:
958:
950:
935:
904:
896:
865:
857:
844:Holy Trinity
842:
834:
826:
818:
810:
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
756:
719:
695:Annunciation
694:
686:
678:
670:
662:
637:
629:
614:
524:
505:
494:
484:
474:
450:
445:
437:
432:
423:
415:
411:
403:
399:
391:
386:
374:. Retrieved
365:
353:. Retrieved
349:
340:
302:
298:
296:
290:
288:
283:
279:
276:
258:
255:
246:
234:
219:
215:
212:
203:
195:White marble
186:
180:
143:
135:
115:
112:Trojan horse
105:
87:
86:
84:
57:Oil painting
1644:(2007 film)
1628:(1966 film)
1620:(1947 film)
1574:(1610–1614)
1566:(1609–1613)
1542:(1603–1607)
1532: 1600
1519:(1600–1605)
1509: 1597
1496:(1595–1600)
1488:(1595–1600)
1480:(1587–1600)
1470: 1587
1455: 1586
1442:(1582–1585)
1432: 1580
1419:(1571–1576)
1409: 1571
1385:(1612–1614)
1377:(1610–1614)
1369:(1610–1614)
1361:(1610–1614)
1353:(1610–1614)
1313:(1608–1614)
1305:(1608–1614)
1297:(1608–1614)
1294:The Saviour
1270:Saint Peter
1265:(1607–1613)
1240: 1605
1227:(1603–1607)
1219:(1603–1605)
1211:(1603–1605)
1193: 1600
1180:(1597–1607)
1170: 1597
1157:(1597–1603)
1149:(1597–1599)
1138:Virgin Mary
1133:(1596–1600)
1125:(1596–1599)
1117:, 1612–1614
1100:(1595–1598)
1082: 1595
1074:Holy Family
1067: 1594
1054:(1592–1595)
1051:Saint Louis
1044: 1590
1029: 1590
1014:, 1597–1607
993: 1587
982:, 1587–1592
971:(1586–1595)
963:(1586–1588)
960:Holy Family
945: 1585
929: 1590
918:, 1587–1596
916:Mexico City
912:, 1580–1589
901:(1580–1582)
891:, 1597–1600
885:, 1590–1595
878: 1580
852: 1577
839:(1577–1579)
831:(1577–1579)
823:(1577–1579)
801:(1576–1579)
793:(1576–1578)
785:(1571–1576)
777:(1571–1572)
769:(1570–1576)
761:(1570–1575)
739:, 1595–1600
731:Minneapolis
714:, 1600–1605
708:, 1575–1576
680:Last Supper
675:(1567–1569)
667:(1567–1569)
656: 1573
634:(1565–1566)
624: 1565
226:Description
191:Hellenistic
173:Athenodoros
132:Inspiration
126:Renaissance
1665:Categories
1366:Saint Paul
1350:Saint Luke
725:Washington
461:References
376:23 October
355:19 January
252:Background
231:Foreground
158:Epic Cycle
146:Trojan War
62:Dimensions
1393:Portraits
1109:Bucharest
980:Barcelona
883:Barcelona
774:El Soplón
758:The Fable
608:Paintings
453:, pg. 475
440:, pg. 646
394:, pg. 612
321:Mannerism
177:Polydorus
169:Agesander
122:Mannerism
49:1610–1614
1691:Nude art
1641:El Greco
1633:El Greco
1625:El Greco
1208:Nativity
871:New York
737:New York
712:Illescas
578:El Greco
310:See also
156:and the
93:El Greco
70:Location
40:El Greco
1686:Trojans
1603:Related
1582:Museums
1358:Laocoön
1012:Andújar
643:Dresden
495:Laocoön
485:Laocoön
416:Laocoön
404:Laocoön
350:nga.gov
303:Laocoön
299:Laocoön
291:Laocoön
284:Laocoön
280:Laocoön
242:Artemis
189:. Late
108:Laocoön
88:Laocoön
22:Laocoön
1558:(1609)
1550:(1609)
1511:–1603)
1345:(1610)
1337:(1609)
1329:(1609)
1321:(1609)
1289:(1608)
1281:(1608)
1273:(1608)
1203:(1603)
1141:(1597)
1115:Madrid
1111:, 1596
1092:(1595)
1069:–1604)
1046:–1595)
1008:, 1590
1006:London
955:(1586)
889:Madrid
862:(1580)
854:–1579)
815:(1577)
807:(1577)
751:, 1609
749:Madrid
745:, 1600
743:London
733:, 1570
727:, 1570
706:Madrid
702:, 1570
691:(1570)
683:(1568)
645:, 1567
626:–1567)
525:Lacoon
273:Detail
238:Apollo
154:Virgil
150:Aeneid
36:Artist
1612:(son)
995:–1592
782:Pietà
700:Prado
649:Parma
501:>.
491:>.
470:>.
332:Notes
265:Style
922:Oslo
378:2018
357:2024
240:and
175:and
85:The
54:Type
46:Year
99:in
1667::
1529:c.
1506:c.
1467:c.
1452:c.
1429:c.
1406:c.
1252:c.
1237:c.
1190:c.
1167:c.
1079:c.
1064:c.
1041:c.
1026:c.
990:c.
988:,
942:c.
926:c.
924:,
875:c.
873:,
849:c.
653:c.
651:,
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197:,
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179:,
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1404:(
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1250:(
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1235:(
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1188:(
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1165:(
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1031:)
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380:.
359:.
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