Lal Lal Iron Mine and Smelting Works

334: 595: 420:

concern—there is information about a lease of the tramway right-of-way up to 1893. This time the Ballarat foundry is not included in the sale. Nobody turned up to this July 1891 auction. The railways were then asked to remove the tramway rails—which they in effect owned—and the company (in receivership) asked for more time to remove its equipment from the lease. The lease was declared void on 5 July 1892.

433:

venture. In June 1900, these new lessees of the mine were spruiking its benefits showing off Lal Lal iron—presumably smelted in 1884 or earlier—in Melbourne. The company went as far as offering shares, and was still in existence in June 1902. However, it seems not to have proceeded with its planned mine and furnaces.

104:(brown coal) was discovered around 1857, located just alongside the later route of the Geelong to Ballarat Railway. The lignite was useless for iron-making, but limited lignite mining operations at Lal Lal led to a rail siding being built there, which was used to load pig-iron and unload coke and limestone. 416:. The equipment of the Urquart-street foundry was also for sale. It does not appear that the Lal Lal site found a buyer in 1886, but it is possible that the foundry in Ballarat was sold. Either way, the foundry kept working—it was still winning work in December 1887—and the Lal Lal site remained dormant. 609:

Near the furnace ruin, foundations and mountings for the furnace machinery are also present. There is also a rare 'Cornish flue', essentially a chimney made of stone that was built at ground level but which rises with the natural incline of the terrain. It probably had the function of removing smoke

376:

The new blast furnace started again on 3 Feb 1882, after improvement works delayed its restarting. The furnace worked until it had made 350 tons and then heavy rains arrived and disrupted road transport—the tramway to the rail siding was still not yet built. The 'branch foundry' in Ballarat, had been

605:

The main remnant at the site is the ruin of the blast furnace built in 1880 and last used in 1884. The ruin consists of the square base of the furnace and the circular and tapering inner part of upper furnace structure. Originally, as shown by a photograph taken in 1882, the upper part also included

471:

The first furnace was only capable of producing 14 to 16 tons of iron per week, in its original form. It was upgraded with new boiler and air blast machinery, in 1878, but its output was still well short of the 80 to 100 tons per week that the company believed it needed for commercial operation. The

384:

On 24 July 1883 William Little, Auctioneer and Real Estate Agent of Ballarat, was successful in the registering the Lal Lal Iron Company as a limited liability company, and in that new company acquiring the assets—and liabilities—of the old No Liability Company. The capital of the new company was to

363:

By the end of 1879, the Company found that the furnace was not able to keep-up satisfactory production and decided to erect a larger furnace. On 30 July 1880, the half-yearly meeting of the company was told that work had commenced on new furnace, which was capable of making 80 tons of iron per week,

306:

In November 1873 a meeting of potential shareholders took place, at which was presented a report of a trial smelting of Lal Lal ore at the Union Foundry in Ballarat. The capital was fixed at £48,000 as 24,000 £2 shares. 12,000 for the promoters and 12,000 for sale to the public (offered at a premium

475:

The second furnace was mounted on a stone foundation, used a lining of imported English fire-bricks, packed on the outside with clay, and enclosed in an outer shell made of local stone banded with iron bars. The space between the clay packing and the outer stone casing was filled with stone rubble.

436:

Another company, Iron, Steel and Metals Manufacturing Company, took up the lease, in 1904, with plans to use a new process to make iron from the Lal Lal ore. In 1913, it was the turn of Lal Lal Iron and Coal Co., which tried to interest a 'London syndicate' in a venture to exploit both the iron and

419:

It was decided at an extraordinary general meeting of members held in Ballarat on 8 July 1889 to wind up the Limited Company. William Cleave Phillips, secretary to the company, was appointed liquidator. An auction sale was advertised in July 1891, clearly with the intention of selling it as a going

372:

The new blast furnace went into operation on 20 March 1881, being tapped for its first iron on 26 March. It was blown out on 24 June 1881, when the roads became impassable. By then, the company had a foundry in Urquart Street, Ballarat, which would be able to take a part of the iron produced at Lal

278:

Based on the above analysis, the iron metal content was relatively low, but was high enough to excite interest in mining and smelting the ore. The ore was low in phosphorus and sulphur, which Is an advantage for iron making. Its location close to users of pig iron—the foundries of Ballarat—was also

585:

The quality of the product was shown in 1883, at the formation of the Limited Company, when twenty-one of the largest gold-mining companies in Victoria testified to the value of Lal Lal Iron in mining use. The contribution of this company in the manufacture of pipes, pumps, stamper-heads and other

423:

In April 1893, only the plant and machinery was for sale by auction. Phillips was now the receiver and the items for sale were still 'the property of Lal Lal Iron Limited’. This time there was no reserve price. It was the end for the Lal Lal smelter; it was in ruins by 1902. The foundry at Urquart

403:

The foundry in Urquhart Street Ballarat continued to use the stored pig iron—turning it into castings—and remained profitable. The foundry operation, over time, considerably reduced the company's bank overdraft. However, matters came to a head when the Railway Department began pressing for payment

399:

Unfortunately for the new company, it was soon discovered that the production cost of Lal Lal pig iron in 1884 was £5/17/4 a ton, which was well above the prevailing market rate of £4/10/- for imported iron. William Little and others took legal action against the old No Liabiiity Company—which had

513:

While the first company prospectus suggested the value of the Lal Lal lignite (brown coal) deposit in providing fuel for the blast furnace, no attempt was ever made to use lignite in the furnace or as boiler fuel. Lignite is a poor fuel and not suited in any way for metallurgical uses. It is only

326:

The company had produced 127 tonnes of pig iron by January 1876 and constructed 805 metres of cart-road up the steep incline on the lease. The machinery then broke down completely, causing the company to immediately cease production. It was also determined that the steam engine was under-powered.

505:

was also used. Coke—a by-product of gas-making—was brought by rail from gas-works at Geelong and Ballarat. Lal Lal timber proved to make good hard charcoal, suitable to carry the weight of the ore and limestone inside the furnace (soft fuel would otherwise be crushed and not allow the furnace to

347:

In March 1876, he proprietors of the company called a meeting to form a company to buy out the first Lal Lal company, which had run out of cash. Shareholders would contribute 8s per share which entitled them to 1/480th of the new company. Shareholder were asked to submit the money as quickly as

314:

Between February and July 1874, a tramway line was surveyed to run from the Lignite Siding at Lal Lal to the Iron Mine on the Western Moorabool River. Work on the furnace began some time before July 1874. Joseph Rowley, who had previously been at the Tamar Hematite Iron Co., was appointed blast

432:

In 1900, another company, Federal Iron Company No Liability, was floated to work the old Lal Lal leases. They planned to erect furnaces at Geelong to process the ore. Mr. Bendarick (a former furnace manager at Lal Lal) and Mr. Kelly (former chairman of the Limited Company) were involve in this

391:

The long-awaited tramway finally was finished and in operation by April 1884. The tramway was successful, and it appeared that the iron works was at last capable of all-year operation. The company soon had a stockpile of 500 tons of pig iron at the siding, which it could not sell. This iron it

310:

In June 1874, some iron ore, from a location within 70 miles from Melbourne and close to a main railway line, was smelted at the Melbourne foundry of Drysdale and Fraser. It is almost certain that this ore came from Lal Lal, although those involved kept the precise location a secret. The iron

322:

over the poor roads to and from the mine site. The roads were so poor that, until the construction of the tramway could be completed, the iron-making operations at Lal Lal would be forced to close down for eight or nine months every winter. Winter also prevented charcoal burning and storage,

337:

Casting of pig iron from the first blast furnace at Lal Lal in October 1878. (From 'The Illustrated Adelaide News, Wed 1 Jan. 1879, p10) Due to the male and female guests shown in formal dress, this engraving almost certainly shows the official visit by the Premier of Victoria on 26 October

91:

had not been able to compete with imported iron, and there was no tariff protection of the local iron making industry. However, in the early 1870s, there was a sharp increase in the demand for iron world-wide; demand for iron became so strong in Australia that the price of imported pig-iron

486:

The air blast was provided by steam-powered blowing machinery. A 50 h.p. (37 kW) reciprocating steam-engine drove two blowing cylinders, said to be 3 feet 6 inches in diameter (1067 mm) with a 4 feet 6 inch (1372 mm) stroke. The air passed into an air-receiver 30 feet long

463:' furnaces—invented in 1828—greatly reduced fuel consumption and increased furnace capacity. A major disadvantage of 'cold-blast', 'open top' technology is that the furnace off-gases—especially combustible and highly poisonous carbon-monoxide—are not recycled (as fuel to heat a hot-blast 355:

A new engine, boiler, machinery for the air blast had been installed, but the existing furnace was adapted to the new machinery and relit in October 1878, with the first tap being made on 18 October 1878. The works were officially opened by the Premier of Victoria,

380:

The company was able to purchase second-hand rails and other iron hardware items that were needed to construct the tramway, from the Victorian Railways Department. However, in doing so it incurred a debt to that organisation, which was later of great significance.

562:

The cold-blast furnaces using charcoal—together with the low-phosphorus and low-sulphur content of the iron ore—could produce a high-quality iron. The product was cast into a stamper head at John Walker's foundry and found to have wear-resistant properties.

549:. The plant was forced to close down each winter, once the roads became impassable. In the final few months of operation, a tramway allowed reliable transport to and from the siding. The tramway was about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) in length, laid in 50 441:

spoke about the potential of Lal Lal and the iron industry in general. Finally, in April 1937, some Ballarat residents took up the lease, for a venture to be called the Lal Lal Blast Furnace Iron and Steel Mine. None of these later plans eventuated.

613:

Below the furnace ruin, downhill toward the river, there is a large dump of slag produced during iron-making operations. Other remnants are the bed of the tramway (in places), clearings where charcoal was burned, and the areas mined for iron ore.

59:

on the site is one of only three extant 19th-century blast furnace structures in Australia—the other ones being in northern Tasmania and southern New South Wales—and it is the only one of its type in the southern hemisphere. The site is on the

467:

or the blower engine boiler) but are vented instead to the immediate environment. The only advantages of a 'cold blast' furnace were a lower initial capital cost—which may have been a critical factor for Lal Lal—and a less complex operation.

400:

not been wound up yet—claiming that the old company had misrepresented the cost of production. The case was eventually settled out of court, but the new company decided to cease smelting at Lal Lal. It was never to recommence.

395:

In June 1884, the blast furnace at Lal Lal was extinguished due to the quantity of stockpiled iron. During the last fortnight of operation the furnace produced 82 tons of pig iron. Iron pipes were also being made at this time.

553:

rails, at 2 feet 6 inch gauge, and on wooden sleepers about 1.2m apart. It was horse-drawn. The most challenging part of the tramway was the descent to the blast furnace site, which was a remarkable piece of surveying.

487:(9144 mm) by six feet diameter (1829 mm), then along a pipe to a junction chamber attached to the side of the furnace and finally via three pipes delivering the air-blast to the tuyeres at a pressure of 15 351:

By August 1878, a contract had been given to Joseph Rowley for the erection of new machinery. In September 1878, the company was trying to get cheap rates for rail transport and proposing to make iron pipes.

92:

increased, from £4 10s.per ton in 1870 to £9 per ton in 1873, greatly advantaging locally manufactured iron. This high price was short-lived, but served as an impetus for ironmaking ventures in Australia.

437:

the lignite. Probably the same company—described as 'The Victorian Central Coal and Iron Mining Company, No Liability'—were putting down bore holes In Feb 1913 In May 1913, the wealthy industrialist

84:

in Ballarat in March 1865. This company and the rival Phoenix Foundry also made locomotives for the Victorian Railways, There was a local demand for scrap-iron and pig-iron in the Ballarat area.

333: 315:

furnace manager during the second half of 1875, and had some alterations made to the furnace before production commenced. The first iron was tapped on the evening of Tuesday 19 October 1875.

660: 602:

The site of the mine and blast furnace operation is now a public reserve known as the Lal Lal-Bungal Historic Area, which is also the site of the Bungal Dam on the Western Moorabool River.

412:

The mine lease and works were put up for sale in 1886. William Cleave Phillips, the company secretary, was apparently trying to sell it as a going concern. The advertisement states that,

330:

In October 1875 the company took steps to voluntarily wind up the original company and to dispose of the property and lease, with a view to a re-organisation to increase the capital.

348:

possible so that work could recommence at the site. The new No Liability Company was registered on 26 April 1876, with a proposed capital of £9,600 in 2,400 shares of £4 each.

285:—a flux material for iron-making—existed on a property called 'Lowndes Bridge', nearby to the station on the Geelong-Ballarat railway line then called ‘Leigh-road' (now called 476:

The overall height was 17m, of which approximately 14m was the furnace with the remainder being the height of the base. Much of this substantial structure still stands today.

654: 2662: 2195: 1536: 111:. The iron ore varied in depth from 2 to 4 metres and covered an area of approximately 10.6 hectares. The first lease on the iron ore was taken out in early 1873. The 2199: 2711: 1727: 483:—one in each of three arches at the base—through which the air blast was injected. The slag tap and metal tap were built into the fourth arch at the base. 87:

Pig iron was imported, often serving as ballast on sailing ships coming to Australia, and so sold for low prices. An early iron-smelting operation, the

579: 52:

from a nearby deposit. The works ultimately proved to be uneconomic. It remains the only attempt to establish an iron smelting industry in Victoria.

606:

an outer casing made of stone, which was square in horizontal section and tapered evenly with increasing height. That outer casing is now missing.

318:

Lack of money—not all the shares on offer were taken up by the public—prevented the construction of the tramway and the company resorted to using

2473:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . pp. 157, 158. 2355:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . pp. 166, 167. 1665:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . pp. 125, 126. 388:

In October 1883, the company cast iron pipes—said at the time to be, but not, the first made in Victoria—at its Urquart Street Ballarat foundry.

2384: 1703: 617:

The economics of making iron in colonial Australia ultimately defeated the Lal Lal blast furnace operation, as it did its contemporaries—the

385:

consist of £22,500 divided into 15,000 shares of £1/10/- each, of which 7,500 shares were considered to have been fully paid up to £1 each.

2706: 2591:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 180. 2532:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 127. 2322:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 179. 2289:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 167. 2253:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 172. 2220:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 177. 1836:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 126. 1554:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 176. 1507:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 125. 1474:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 176. 1268:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 166. 1206:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 124. 1140:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 147. 771:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 123. 642: 404:

for the rails and other hardware that the company had used to build the tramway. The company could not repay this debt and keep operating.

2440:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 89. 1026:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 82. 896:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 74. 863:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . p. 84. 545:

to Ballarat. Until around April 1884, transport between the Lal Lal railway siding and the mine and blast furnace site was by road using

534: 33: 2701: 689: 107:

In the 1860s, iron ore was found near the western bank of the Moorabool River about 5 km from Lal Lal. The iron ore deposit is

514:

recently that attempts have been made to make iron using lignite and the technology has not been in commercial production to date.

2411: 575: 112: 65: 993:. Ashley, Robert William P.,, National Trust of Australia (Vic.), Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve. Committee of Management. : . 830:. Light Railway Research Society of Australia. Melbourne, Australia: Light Railway Research Society of Australia. p. 14. 510:

was carried out on the lease. The company erected a large charcoal shed, in early 1881, to keep their stocks of charcoal dry.

115:

was later estimated as being around two million tons of iron ore. Another estimate was 700,000 to 850,000 tons of iron oxide.

2596: 2537: 2478: 2445: 2360: 2327: 2294: 2258: 2225: 2171: 1841: 1670: 1559: 1512: 1479: 1273: 1211: 1145: 1031: 998: 901: 868: 835: 776: 629:. Eventually, greater capitalisation, greater volumes, and finally protection from import competition during the years after 517:

Another important factor was the type and quality of the iron ore. The ore containing a higher percentage of silicon gave '

569: 713: 479:

The furnace had a timber bridge from the hillside to the top of the furnace, for charging the furnace. There were three

622: 61: 424:

St, Ballarat, under different ownership, continued in operation until 1898, when the building became a bakery.

119: 80:

created a market for mining machinery and led to foundries being set up in Ballarat. John Walker started the

648: 630: 494:

Water for the boiler and other uses was pumped from the Moorabool River 70m below the blast furnace site.

488: 626: 538: 286: 100:

It is likely that the search for gold in the area led to the discovery of other minerals near Lal Lal.

194: 77: 392:

instead used to feed its own foundry in Ballarat to produce castings, which were sold profitably.

2189: 1721: 1530: 618: 598:

Remains of the blast furnace built in 1880 and in use from 1881 to 1884. (Taken in February 2014)

88: 2653: 2562: 2620: 2602: 2592: 2543: 2533: 2484: 2474: 2451: 2441: 2366: 2356: 2333: 2323: 2300: 2290: 2264: 2254: 2231: 2221: 2177: 2167: 1847: 1837: 1709: 1699: 1676: 1666: 1565: 1555: 1518: 1508: 1485: 1475: 1279: 1269: 1217: 1207: 1151: 1141: 1037: 1027: 1004: 994: 926: 907: 897: 874: 864: 841: 831: 782: 772: 695: 685: 542: 438: 181: 29: 739: 220: 155: 81: 25: 289:). There were also deposits of clay on the lease and enough trees to provide a supply of 360:, on 26 October 1878. About 800 kilograms of iron was run into moulds on this occasion. 594: 541:), coke from gasworks in Geelong and Ballarat, and for the transport of pig iron from 2695: 2648: 525:' for which the Lal Lal Foundry had a special trade, required ore with less silicon. 464: 456: 56: 44:

was made there in a blast furnace using iron ore mined at the site, locally produced

459:, with an 'open top'. This was already an archaic technology by the 1880s, because ' 357: 651:—another existing 19th-Century blast furnace ruin, located in Northern Tasmania. 572:

when competing against the product of the most perfect appliances in the world."

502: 2385:"Matmor pilot plant (steel making using lignite) basic design package complete" 506:

function). The Lal Lal forest was a good timber resource for charcoal burning.

2502: 2079: 2027: 1946: 1920: 1894: 1796: 1713: 1635: 1609: 1583: 1435: 1409: 1383: 1354: 1328: 1297: 1238: 1169: 1081: 1055: 958: 800: 645:—another existing 19th Century blast furnace ruin, located in New South Wales. 522: 142: 2677: 2664: 2166:. Cremin, Aedeen. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 69, 72. 2131: 2105: 1741: 1107: 845: 828:

Furnace, fire & forge : Lithgow's iron and steel industry, 1874-1932

699: 2606: 2547: 2488: 2455: 2412:"Aussie company's innovative coal and iron-making technologies move forward" 2370: 2337: 2304: 2268: 2235: 2181: 2053: 2001: 1972: 1868: 1851: 1770: 1680: 1569: 1522: 1489: 1283: 1221: 1155: 1041: 1008: 911: 878: 786: 518: 460: 282: 49: 307:

of 2s 6d). Mr Peter Alroe was elected chairman and directors were elected.

657:- a 20th Century plant that made iron using charcoal in Western Australia. 546: 507: 498: 319: 290: 108: 45: 41: 37: 168: 101: 566:

The chairman of the company, Mr. Kelly, stated in October 1878 that,

537:—opened in 1862—to transport limestone from Leigh Road (now known as 480: 207: 610:

and noxious gases from the immediate area around the blast furnace.

936:. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. p. 8 118:

The iron ore from the deposit was analysed, around 1873, at the

633:

saw the growth of a viable Australian iron and steel industry.

368:

Last period of operation (1880 – July 1884) and Limited Company

343:

Second period of operation (1876–1879) and No Liability Company

550: 953: 951: 661:

List of 19th-century iron smelting operations in Australia

302:

Lal Lal Iron Co. and first period of operation (1873–1875)

1696:

An iron will : mining at Beaconsfield – 1804 to 1877

682:

An iron will : mining at Beaconsfield - 1804 to 1877

574:

The company exhibited its pig-iron at the exhibitions in

501:

as the reducing agent, although a considerable amount of

1233: 1231: 1640:

Ballarat Courier (Vic. : 1869 - 1883; 1914 - 1918)

1440:

Ballarat Courier (Vic. : 1869 - 1883; 1914 - 1918)

1174:

Ballarat Courier (Vic. : 1869 - 1883; 1914 - 1918)

472:

first furnace had an iron shell with firebrick lining.

364:

and that new blowing apparatus was being manufactured.

2164:

Australia's age of iron : history and archaeology

2280: 2278: 1131: 1129: 762: 760: 2649:

Lal Lal Blast Furnace - Victorian Heritage Database

1298:"FIRST CASTING AT THE LAL LAL IRON WORKS, VICTORIA" 625:, and the earliest blast furnace operations of the 655:Wundowie charcoal iron and wood distillation plant 414:“Smelting operations can be started without delay” 1302:Illustrated Adelaide News (SA : 1875 - 1880) 311:produced was 'grey iron' suitable for castings. 24:were located close to the western branch of the 18:Mining complex near Lal Lal, Victoria, Australia 1863: 1861: 428:Later attempts to revive the Lal Lal iron mine 1996: 1994: 1436:"THE IRON PIPES AND THE LAL LAL IRON COMPANY" 1060:Advocate (Melbourne, Vic. : 1868 - 1954) 8: 2194:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2058:Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1889 - 1931) 1535:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2198:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2136:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) 2110:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) 2006:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) 1977:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) 1873:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) 1775:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) 1746:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) 1726:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 32:, Victoria, Australia, which lies on the 2589:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 2530:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 2471:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 2438:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 2353:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 2320:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 2287:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 2251:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 2218:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1834:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1663:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1552:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1505:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1472:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1266:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1243:Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954) 1204:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1138:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 1024:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 991:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 963:Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954) 894:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 861:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 805:Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954) 769:The Lal Lal Blast Furnace Reserve report 593: 455:Both of the Lal Lal blast furnaces were 332: 124: 2507:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 2084:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 2032:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1951:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1925:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1899:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1800:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1614:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1588:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1414:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1359:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1333:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 1086:Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924) 672: 2187: 1719: 1528: 2712:Ironworks and steelworks in Australia 2621:"Manufactures Encouragement Act 1908" 2211: 2209: 2157: 2155: 2153: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1765: 1763: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1378: 1376: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1191: 984: 982: 980: 714:"Bogolong Iron Smelter Blast Furnace" 568:"we were awarded a gold medal at the 7: 643:Bogolong iron mine and blast furnace 22:Lal Lal Iron Mine and Smelting Works 126:Lal Lal Iron Ore Analysis c. 1873. 1503:Samuel., Staughton, Peter (1976). 586:mining equipment was outstanding. 533:The Lal Lal Iron Company used the 14: 2587:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 2563:"Lal Lal - Bungal Historic Area" 2528:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 2469:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 2436:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 2351:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 2318:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 2285:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 2249:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 2216:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 1832:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 1661:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 1550:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 1264:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 1202:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 1136:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 1022:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 989:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 927:"Australian Sources of Iron Ore" 892:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 859:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 767:Staughton, Peter Samuel (1976). 720:. NSW Environment & Heritage 1698:(3rd ed.). . p. 232. 408:Attempted sale of the operation 323:presumably due to wet weather. 66:Register of the National Estate 2654:Lal Lal - Bungal Historic Area 1694:Burch, Nigel (13 March 2012). 1442:. 27 September 1878. p. 4 1: 2132:"Lal Lal Iron and Steel Mine" 2086:. 17 February 1913. p. 4 2060:. 20 January 1913. p. 11 2008:. 19 November 1900. p. 9 1901:. 20 December 1887. p. 2 1088:. 18 November 1873. p. 3 934:d28rz98at9flks.cloudfront.net 740:"Victorian Heritage Database" 131:Picked Samples of Iron Oxide 34:Geelong-Ballarat railway line 2034:. 7 November 1904. p. 5 1748:. 26 October 1883. p. 8 1335:. 28 October 1878. p. 4 1304:. 1 January 1879. p. 10 1176:. 20 January 1876. p. 3 1062:. 5 October 1950. p. 21 826:McKillop, Robert F. (2006). 807:. 20 August 1925. p. 14 2707:Victorian Heritage Register 2410:Hamid, Tara (31 May 2018). 2138:. 28 April 1937. p. 19 1245:. 23 August 1883. p. 6 1108:"Australian Tin in England" 959:"THE LAL LAL IRON DEPOSITS" 623:Tamar Hematite Iron Company 62:Victorian Heritage Register 2728: 2509:. 28 April 1881. p. 4 1875:. 22 April 1886. p. 2 1777:. 15 April 1884. p. 6 1616:. 2 August 1881. p. 4 1416:. 6 August 1878. p. 4 1384:"The Lal Lal Iron Company" 1361:. 23 March 1876. p. 3 1170:"THE LAL LAL IRON COMPANY" 718:www.environment.nsw.gov.au 2162:Jack, Ian, 1935- (1994). 2080:"Hidden Stores of Energy" 1979:. 22 June 1900. p. 4 1953:. 4 April 1893. p. 3 1642:. 27 July 1882. p. 4 1590:. 31 July 1880. p. 4 1470:Staughton, Peter (1976). 965:. 14 June 1904. p. 7 2702:Iron mining in Australia 2503:"THE LAL LAL IRON WORKS" 2112:. 5 May 1913. p. 11 1927:. 1 July 1891. p. 3 1802:. 9 June 1884. p. 4 1771:"THE LAL LAL IRON WORKS" 535:Geelong-Ballarat Railway 120:Ballarat School of Mines 2028:"LAL LAL IRON DEPOSITS" 1973:"FRIDAY, JUNE 22, 1900" 1329:"THE LAL LAL TRONWORKS" 1239:"THE LAL LAL IRONWORKS" 801:"LAL LAL IRON DEPOSITS" 744:vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au 649:Ilfracombe Iron Company 2678:37.68097°S 144.07336°E 2625:www.legislation.gov.au 2416:Manufacturers' Monthly 1636:"LAL LAL IRON COMPANY" 1610:"LAL LAL IRON COMPANY" 1584:"LAL LAL IRON COMPANY" 1355:"LAL LAL IRON COMPANY" 1082:"LAL LAL IRON COMPANY" 599: 373:Lal to make castings. 339: 36:about 19 km from 1410:"MINING INTELLIGENCE" 680:Burch, Nigel (2012). 597: 457:'cold blast' furnaces 451:Process and equipment 336: 297:History of operations 244:Hydroscopic Moisture 40:. From 1875 to 1884, 2683:-37.68097; 144.07336 2389:International Mining 1797:"MANAGERS' REPORTS." 2674: / 2054:"THE LAL LAL FIELD" 1056:"MR. JAMES LOWNDES" 925:Barrie, J. (1961). 684:. : . p. 180. 590:Remnants and legacy 195:Magnesium Carbonate 127: 64:(No. 1759) and the 28:, near the town of 2567:parkweb.vic.gov.au 1742:"THE LAL LAL IRON" 619:Fitzroy Iron Works 600: 340: 125: 89:Fitzroy Iron Works 72:Historical context 2561:Victoria, Parks. 1705:978-0-9873713-6-2 627:Eskbank Ironworks 497:The furnace used 276: 275: 182:Calcium Carbonate 113:inferred resource 2719: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2282: 2273: 2272: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2213: 2204: 2203: 2193: 2185: 2159: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1998: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1865: 1856: 1855: 1829: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1767: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1717: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1534: 1526: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1467: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1388:Ballarat Courier 1380: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1325: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1235: 1226: 1225: 1199: 1186: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1166: 1160: 1159: 1133: 1124: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1019: 1013: 1012: 986: 975: 974: 972: 970: 955: 946: 945: 943: 941: 931: 922: 916: 915: 889: 883: 882: 856: 850: 849: 823: 817: 816: 814: 812: 797: 791: 790: 764: 755: 754: 752: 750: 736: 730: 729: 727: 725: 710: 704: 703: 677: 580:Melbourne (1880) 570:Paris Exhibition 521:', whereas the ' 508:Charcoal burning 128: 96:Mineral deposits 55:The ruin of the 2727: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2692: 2691: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2659: 2645: 2640: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2599: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2540: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2481: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2448: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2394: 2392: 2391:. 23 March 2018 2383: 2382: 2378: 2363: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2330: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2297: 2284: 2283: 2276: 2261: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2228: 2215: 2214: 2207: 2186: 2174: 2161: 2160: 2151: 2141: 2139: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2089: 2087: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2037: 2035: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1956: 1954: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1904: 1902: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1878: 1876: 1867: 1866: 1859: 1844: 1831: 1830: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1769: 1768: 1761: 1751: 1749: 1740: 1739: 1735: 1718: 1706: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1673: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1645: 1643: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1619: 1617: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1593: 1591: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1562: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1527: 1515: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1482: 1469: 1468: 1455: 1445: 1443: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1393: 1391: 1382: 1381: 1374: 1364: 1362: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1338: 1336: 1327: 1326: 1317: 1307: 1305: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1276: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1248: 1246: 1237: 1236: 1229: 1214: 1201: 1200: 1189: 1179: 1177: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1148: 1135: 1134: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1091: 1089: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1065: 1063: 1054: 1053: 1049: 1034: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1001: 988: 987: 978: 968: 966: 957: 956: 949: 939: 937: 929: 924: 923: 919: 904: 891: 890: 886: 871: 858: 857: 853: 838: 825: 824: 820: 810: 808: 799: 798: 794: 779: 766: 765: 758: 748: 746: 738: 737: 733: 723: 721: 712: 711: 707: 692: 679: 678: 674: 669: 639: 592: 560: 558:Product quality 531: 453: 448: 430: 410: 370: 345: 304: 299: 293:for a furnace. 233:Organic Matter 221:Phosphoric Acid 98: 74: 26:Moorabool River 19: 12: 11: 5: 2725: 2723: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2694: 2693: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2644: 2643:External links 2641: 2638: 2637: 2612: 2597: 2579: 2553: 2538: 2520: 2494: 2479: 2461: 2446: 2428: 2402: 2376: 2361: 2343: 2328: 2310: 2295: 2274: 2259: 2241: 2226: 2205: 2172: 2149: 2123: 2097: 2071: 2045: 2019: 1990: 1964: 1938: 1912: 1886: 1857: 1842: 1813: 1788: 1759: 1733: 1704: 1686: 1671: 1653: 1627: 1601: 1575: 1560: 1542: 1513: 1495: 1480: 1453: 1427: 1401: 1390:. 8 March 1876 1372: 1346: 1315: 1289: 1274: 1256: 1227: 1212: 1187: 1161: 1146: 1125: 1114:. 13 June 1874 1099: 1073: 1047: 1032: 1014: 999: 976: 947: 917: 902: 884: 869: 851: 836: 818: 792: 777: 756: 731: 705: 690: 671: 670: 668: 665: 664: 663: 658: 652: 646: 638: 635: 591: 588: 559: 556: 547:bullock wagons 530: 527: 452: 449: 447: 444: 429: 426: 409: 406: 369: 366: 344: 341: 303: 300: 298: 295: 279:an advantage. 274: 273: 270: 267: 263: 262: 259: 256: 252: 251: 248: 245: 241: 240: 237: 234: 230: 229: 226: 223: 217: 216: 213: 210: 204: 203: 200: 197: 191: 190: 187: 184: 178: 177: 174: 171: 165: 164: 161: 158: 152: 151: 148: 145: 139: 138: 135: 132: 97: 94: 73: 70: 17: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2724: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2690: 2687: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2580: 2568: 2564: 2557: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2524: 2521: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2439: 2432: 2429: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2403: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2354: 2347: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2321: 2314: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2288: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2165: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2033: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2007: 2003: 2002:"Advertising" 1997: 1995: 1991: 1978: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1952: 1948: 1947:"Advertising" 1942: 1939: 1926: 1922: 1921:"Advertising" 1916: 1913: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1874: 1870: 1869:"Advertising" 1864: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1801: 1798: 1792: 1789: 1776: 1772: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1747: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1729: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1697: 1690: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1657: 1654: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1628: 1615: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1553: 1546: 1543: 1538: 1532: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1506: 1499: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1441: 1437: 1431: 1428: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1402: 1389: 1385: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1347: 1334: 1330: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1267: 1260: 1257: 1244: 1240: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1205: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1139: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1113: 1109: 1103: 1100: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1074: 1061: 1057: 1051: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1029: 1025: 1018: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1002: 996: 992: 985: 983: 981: 977: 964: 960: 954: 952: 948: 935: 928: 921: 918: 913: 909: 905: 899: 895: 888: 885: 880: 876: 872: 866: 862: 855: 852: 847: 843: 839: 833: 829: 822: 819: 806: 802: 796: 793: 788: 784: 780: 774: 770: 763: 761: 757: 745: 741: 735: 732: 719: 715: 709: 706: 701: 697: 693: 691:9780987371300 687: 683: 676: 673: 666: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 640: 636: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 615: 611: 607: 603: 596: 589: 587: 583: 581: 577: 576:Sydney (1879) 573: 571: 564: 557: 555: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 528: 526: 524: 520: 515: 511: 509: 504: 500: 495: 492: 490: 484: 482: 477: 473: 469: 466: 462: 458: 450: 445: 443: 440: 434: 427: 425: 421: 417: 415: 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 386: 382: 378: 374: 367: 365: 361: 359: 353: 349: 342: 335: 331: 328: 324: 321: 320:bullock teams 316: 312: 308: 301: 296: 294: 292: 288: 284: 280: 271: 268: 265: 264: 260: 257: 254: 253: 249: 246: 243: 242: 238: 235: 232: 231: 227: 224: 222: 219: 218: 214: 211: 209: 206: 205: 201: 198: 196: 193: 192: 188: 185: 183: 180: 179: 175: 172: 170: 167: 166: 162: 159: 157: 154: 153: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 136: 133: 130: 129: 123: 121: 116: 114: 110: 105: 103: 95: 93: 90: 85: 83: 82:Union Foundry 79: 71: 69: 67: 63: 58: 57:blast furnace 53: 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 31: 27: 23: 16: 2658: 2628:. Retrieved 2624: 2615: 2588: 2582: 2570:. Retrieved 2566: 2556: 2529: 2523: 2511:. Retrieved 2506: 2497: 2470: 2464: 2437: 2431: 2419:. Retrieved 2415: 2405: 2393:. Retrieved 2388: 2379: 2352: 2346: 2319: 2313: 2286: 2250: 2244: 2217: 2163: 2140:. Retrieved 2135: 2126: 2114:. Retrieved 2109: 2100: 2088:. Retrieved 2083: 2074: 2062:. Retrieved 2057: 2048: 2036:. Retrieved 2031: 2022: 2010:. Retrieved 2005: 1981:. Retrieved 1976: 1967: 1955:. Retrieved 1950: 1941: 1929:. Retrieved 1924: 1915: 1903:. Retrieved 1898: 1889: 1877:. Retrieved 1872: 1833: 1804:. Retrieved 1799: 1791: 1779:. Retrieved 1774: 1750:. Retrieved 1745: 1736: 1695: 1689: 1662: 1656: 1644:. Retrieved 1639: 1630: 1618:. Retrieved 1613: 1604: 1592:. Retrieved 1587: 1578: 1551: 1545: 1504: 1498: 1471: 1444:. Retrieved 1439: 1430: 1418:. Retrieved 1413: 1404: 1392:. Retrieved 1387: 1363:. Retrieved 1358: 1349: 1337:. Retrieved 1332: 1306:. Retrieved 1301: 1292: 1265: 1259: 1247:. Retrieved 1242: 1203: 1178:. Retrieved 1173: 1164: 1137: 1116:. Retrieved 1112:Queenslander 1111: 1102: 1090:. Retrieved 1085: 1076: 1064:. Retrieved 1059: 1050: 1023: 1017: 990: 967:. Retrieved 962: 938:. Retrieved 933: 920: 893: 887: 860: 854: 827: 821: 809:. Retrieved 804: 795: 768: 747:. Retrieved 743: 734: 722:. Retrieved 717: 708: 681: 675: 616: 612: 608: 604: 601: 584: 567: 565: 561: 532: 516: 512: 496: 493: 485: 478: 474: 470: 454: 435: 431: 422: 418: 413: 411: 402: 398: 394: 390: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 362: 358:Graham Berry 354: 350: 346: 329: 325: 317: 313: 309: 305: 281: 277: 117: 106: 99: 86: 75: 54: 21: 20: 15: 2681: / 2669:144°04′24″E 539:Bannockburn 377:a success. 287:Bannockburn 2696:Categories 2666:37°40′51″S 2598:090971018X 2539:090971018X 2480:090971018X 2447:090971018X 2362:090971018X 2329:090971018X 2296:090971018X 2260:090971018X 2227:090971018X 2173:0424001586 2106:"BALLARAT" 1895:"Untitled" 1843:090971018X 1714:1048604685 1672:090971018X 1561:090971018X 1514:090971018X 1481:090971018X 1394:17 October 1275:090971018X 1213:090971018X 1147:090971018X 1118:17 October 1033:090971018X 1000:090971018X 940:17 January 903:090971018X 870:090971018X 837:0909340447 778:090971018X 667:References 631:Federation 523:white iron 446:Technology 439:H.V. McKay 143:Iron Oxide 2190:cite book 1722:cite book 1531:cite book 846:156757606 724:20 August 700:808202344 529:Transport 519:grey iron 461:hot blast 283:Limestone 137:Sample 2 134:Sample 1 78:gold boom 50:limestone 2630:27 March 2607:27604498 2572:17 March 2548:27604498 2513:16 March 2489:27604498 2456:27604498 2421:16 March 2395:16 March 2371:27604498 2338:27604498 2305:27604498 2269:27604498 2236:27604498 2182:30791353 2142:16 March 2116:16 March 2090:16 March 2064:16 March 2038:16 March 2012:16 March 1983:16 March 1957:16 March 1931:16 March 1905:16 March 1879:16 March 1852:27604498 1806:16 March 1781:16 March 1752:16 March 1681:27604498 1646:16 March 1620:16 March 1594:16 March 1570:27604498 1523:27604498 1490:27604498 1446:16 March 1365:16 March 1339:18 March 1308:16 March 1284:27604498 1249:16 March 1222:27604498 1156:27604498 1092:16 March 1066:16 March 1042:27604498 1009:27604498 969:16 March 912:27604498 879:27604498 811:16 March 787:27604498 749:16 March 637:See also 499:charcoal 291:charcoal 109:limonite 46:charcoal 42:pig iron 38:Ballarat 1420:26 June 1180:26 June 543:Lal Lal 481:tuyeres 465:'stove' 208:Sulphur 169:Alumina 102:Lignite 30:Lal Lal 2605: 2595: 2546: 2536: 2487: 2477: 2454: 2444: 2369: 2359: 2336: 2326: 2303: 2293: 2267: 2257: 2234: 2224: 2180: 2170: 1850: 1840: 1712: 1702: 1679: 1669: 1568: 1558: 1521: 1511: 1488: 1478: 1282: 1272: 1220: 1210: 1154: 1144: 1040: 1030: 1007: 997: 910: 900: 877: 867: 844: 834: 785: 775: 698: 688: 621:, the 266:TOTAL 228:Trace 225:Trace 215:Trace 212:Trace 163:16.30 160:17.30 156:Silica 150:70.44 147:68.71 48:, and 930:(PDF) 489:p.s.i 338:1878. 272:100% 269:100% 261:0.87 258:0.72 255:Loss 250:6.64 247:6.40 239:0.74 236:0.45 202:0.83 199:0.47 189:0.60 186:1.06 176:3.58 173:4.89 2632:2019 2603:OCLC 2593:ISBN 2574:2019 2544:OCLC 2534:ISBN 2515:2019 2485:OCLC 2475:ISBN 2452:OCLC 2442:ISBN 2423:2019 2397:2019 2367:OCLC 2357:ISBN 2334:OCLC 2324:ISBN 2301:OCLC 2291:ISBN 2265:OCLC 2255:ISBN 2232:OCLC 2222:ISBN 2200:link 2196:link 2178:OCLC 2168:ISBN 2144:2019 2118:2019 2092:2019 2066:2019 2040:2019 2014:2019 1985:2019 1959:2019 1933:2019 1907:2019 1881:2019 1848:OCLC 1838:ISBN 1808:2019 1783:2019 1754:2019 1728:link 1710:OCLC 1700:ISBN 1677:OCLC 1667:ISBN 1648:2019 1622:2019 1596:2019 1566:OCLC 1556:ISBN 1537:link 1519:OCLC 1509:ISBN 1486:OCLC 1476:ISBN 1448:2019 1422:2019 1396:2021 1367:2019 1341:2019 1310:2019 1280:OCLC 1270:ISBN 1251:2019 1218:OCLC 1208:ISBN 1182:2019 1152:OCLC 1142:ISBN 1120:2021 1094:2019 1068:2019 1038:OCLC 1028:ISBN 1005:OCLC 995:ISBN 971:2019 942:2019 908:OCLC 898:ISBN 875:OCLC 865:ISBN 842:OCLC 832:ISBN 813:2019 783:OCLC 773:ISBN 751:2019 726:2019 696:OCLC 686:ISBN 578:and 503:coke 76:The 551:lb. 2698:: 2623:. 2601:. 2565:. 2542:. 2505:. 2483:. 2450:. 2414:. 2387:. 2365:. 2332:. 2299:. 2277:^ 2263:. 2230:. 2208:^ 2192:}} 2188:{{ 2176:. 2152:^ 2134:. 2108:. 2082:. 2056:. 2030:. 2004:. 1993:^ 1975:. 1949:. 1923:. 1897:. 1871:. 1860:^ 1846:. 1816:^ 1773:. 1762:^ 1744:. 1724:}} 1720:{{ 1708:. 1675:. 1638:. 1612:. 1586:. 1564:. 1533:}} 1529:{{ 1517:. 1484:. 1456:^ 1438:. 1412:. 1386:. 1375:^ 1357:. 1331:. 1318:^ 1300:. 1278:. 1241:. 1230:^ 1216:. 1190:^ 1172:. 1150:. 1128:^ 1110:. 1084:. 1058:. 1036:. 1003:. 979:^ 961:. 950:^ 932:. 906:. 873:. 840:. 803:. 781:. 759:^ 742:. 716:. 694:. 582:. 491:. 122:. 68:. 2634:. 2609:. 2576:. 2550:. 2517:. 2491:. 2458:. 2425:. 2399:. 2373:. 2340:. 2307:. 2271:. 2238:. 2202:) 2184:. 2146:. 2120:. 2094:. 2068:. 2042:. 2016:. 1987:. 1961:. 1935:. 1909:. 1883:. 1854:. 1810:. 1785:. 1756:. 1730:) 1716:. 1683:. 1650:. 1624:. 1598:. 1572:. 1539:) 1525:. 1492:. 1450:. 1424:. 1398:. 1369:. 1343:. 1312:. 1286:. 1253:. 1224:. 1184:. 1158:. 1122:. 1096:. 1070:. 1044:. 1011:. 973:. 944:. 914:. 881:. 848:. 815:. 789:. 753:. 728:. 702:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge (XXG)

Lal Lal Iron Mine and Smelting Works

Index