695:, one of the first to apply phonetics to English speech, divided the county of Lancashire into four areas. Three of these four were considered North Midland in his categorisation of dialects, whereas the fourth (mostly the section that is in modern Cumbria, known as "Lancashire over the sands") was considered Northern. Dialect isoglosses in England seldom correspond to county boundaries, and an area of Lancashire could have a dialect more similar to an area of a neighbouring county than to a distant area of Lancashire.
405:
351:
652:
609:
38:
1971:(1907–1978) was an English poet who spent most of his working life as a weaver in cotton mills near his home in Clayton-le-Moors, Lancashire. He published five books of poetry, occasionally writing in Lancashire dialect, and won 15 awards including a gold medal presented by the president of the United Poets' Laureate International.
1951:(often known as Ben Brierley) (1825–1896) was a writer in Lancashire dialect; he wrote poems and a considerable number of stories of Lancashire life. He began to contribute articles to local papers in the 1850s and in 1863 he definitely took to journalism and literature, publishing in the same year his
2037:
has included articles on the Survey of
English Dialects and on the dialects of Germany, Switzerland and the United States. The society collected a library of publications relating to dialect studies which was kept at the John Rylands University Library of Manchester from 1974 onwards. This collection
1269:
surveyed 313 sites across
England, the Isle of Man and some bordering areas of Wales in the 1950s and early 1960s. The Survey recorded the dialect used in fourteen sites in Lancashire. These sites were mostly rural. A second phase, researching more urban areas, had been planned from the outset but
2010:
Dialect poets have occasionally appeared on the BBC since its establishment. Sam Smith featured on the radio in the 1920s. In the 2010s, BBC radio programmes analysed the
Manchester Ballads (which featured dialect) and reported on contemporary poets that kept the tradition of dialect poetry alive.
1929:
portrayed an unemployed handloom worker who would rather die as a soldier in a foreign war than starve at home. Vicinus argued that, after 1870, dialect writing declined in quality owing to "clichés and sentimentality". Writing in 1999, Shorrocks argues that "Many dialect writers nowadays cannot
1869:
specified a "Central
Lancashire" dialect region, defined particularly by its rhoticity, around Blackburn, Preston and the northern parts of Greater Manchester. He classified the county of Merseyside, excluding the St Helens borough and Southport as another dialect region, grouped most of Greater
3143:
Ruano-García, Javier (2012). "Late Modern
Lancashire English in lexicographical context: representations of Lancashire speech and the English Dialect Dictionary: An investigation of how nineteenth-century Lancashire dialect literature contributed to Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary".
505:
manufactured worldwide was processed in
Lancashire. It was during this period that most writing in and about the dialect took place, when Lancashire covered a much larger area than it does today (at least from an administrative point of view—the historic county boundary remains unchanged). The
537:
The linguist Gerard
Knowles noted that Lancashire dialect was still spoken in the city of Liverpool in 1830, before the period of mass immigration from Ireland that led the dialect of the city to change radically. Modern Liverpool speech is usually treated as a separate dialect, named
422:
368:
1845:
persists residually in some areas of
Lancashire, though non-rhoticity certainly characterises the more urban areas around Liverpool, Manchester or Wigan. Rhoticity in Lancashire has been increasingly giving way to non-rhoticity since the second half of the 20th
1930:
speak dialect, or cannot speak it in any convincing fashion, and much of what is written seems exhausted, poor, and, crucially, detached from living speech. Lancashire dialect writing, at least in the nineteenth and the early twentieth century, often drew on
423:
1145:
A Glossary of the
Dialect of the Hundred of Lonsdale, North and South of the Sands, in the County of Lancaster; together with an essay on some leading characteristics of the dialects spoken in the six northern counties of England (ancient
369:
414:
360:
2151:
Similarly, in music, the
Lancashire dialect is often used in regional folk songs. The folk song "Poverty Knock" is one of the best-known songs of such nature, describing life in a Lancashire cotton mill. The
1992:
was a Lancashire dialect author and BBC broadcaster. Born in Bury in 1880, he lived there all his life until his death in 1951. He published 16 books on Lancashire people and their communities, published by
1134:
The Dialect of South Lancashire, or Tom Bobbin's Tummus and Meary; with his rhymes and an enlarged glossary of words and phrases, chiefly used by the rural population of the manufacturing districts of South
3985:
1886:, was published in 2005; the author noted that the speech of Lancashire in 2005 differed markedly from "the impenetrable tracts of rural Lancastrian that the Survey of English Dialects found in the 1950s".
558:, has led to an expansion in the area in which Scouse is spoken, as the next generation acquired Scouse speech habits that often displaced the traditional Lancashire or Cheshire dialects of the area.
2098:
contained a range of records in Lancashire dialect (as well as Cumberland and Westmorland dialect). The Archive closed owing to financial reasons in 2015, and its materials were relocated to the
1919:
Graham Shorrocks wrote that Lancashire has been the county with the strongest tradition of dialect poetry since the mid-19th century. Many of these gave commentaries on the poverty of the
218:, traditionally divided between the South Lancashire dialect (part of the Northwest Midlands group) on the one hand, and the North Lancashire dialect (of the Northern group) on the other.
3829:
2067:
have included content relating to the Lancashire dialect. R. G. Shepherd contributed many articles interesting both for their philosophy and their excursions into local dialect to
698:
Ellis expressly excluded the Scouse dialect of Liverpool from the areas below, although his Area 22 included some sites in modern Merseyside (e.g. Newton-le-Willows, Prescot).
596:
dialect, but this is a much less established distinction. Many of the dialect writers and poets in the 19th and early 20th century were from Manchester and surrounding towns.
4982:
1870:
Manchester in the "Northwest Midlands" region, and grouped the non-rhotic northern parts of Lancashire in with Cumbria and most of Yorkshire in the "Central North" region.
1277:
and Peter Wright. The latter was a native of Fleetwood and wrote his PhD on the dialect, using his father as the principal informant. In 1981, Wright published a book
3584:"Dear Professor Brook, Ah'm fain t'tell thee as wi'n dun fer thee all yon books fer t'Lankysheer Dialect Society tha fotched ter t'University Library a while sin ..."--
3780:
2195:, but these sets are used here for comparisons with other articles on Knowledge. Ellis's equivalent was a system of letters as represented in early West Saxon speech.
2156:
is a band formed in 1975 that continues to sing in Lancashire dialect. In 1979, the Houghton Weavers presented a series on local folk music on BBC North West entitled
2025:
of 1861–65. He said, "It's fascinating how people turned to and used poetry, in their local languages, to express the impact events so far away were having on them."
3003:
Siewierska, Anna; Hollmann, Willem (2007). "A construction grammar account of possessive constructions in Lancashire dialect: some advantages and challenges".
286:
1703:
In addition, the Harwood area of Bolton, which had been a site in the Survey of English Dialects, was made into a site for the Europe-wide linguistic project
424:
3657:
370:
1696:
1661:
There were several other monographs written by dialectologists by Harold Orton's department at the University of Leeds, including some urban areas such as
5176:
The society was founded in 1951 at Manchester by George Leslie Brook, professor of English language and medieval English literature (The Journal, no. 10).
5077:
4050:
1894:
Academic analysis of the corpus of Lancashire dialect writing and poetry has continued into the 21st century. Areas of research include identifying the
3757:
3696:
3315:
Shorrocks, Graham (1999). "Working-Class Literature in Working-Class Language: the North of England". In Hoenselaars, Ton; Buning, Marius (eds.).
3287:
Shorrocks, Graham (1999). "Working-Class Literature in Working-Class Language: the North of England". In Hoenselaars, Ton; Buning, Marius (eds.).
3262:
Shorrocks, Graham (1999). "Working-Class Literature in Working-Class Language: the North of England". In Hoenselaars, Ton; Buning, Marius (eds.).
3237:
Shorrocks, Graham (1999). "Working-Class Literature in Working-Class Language: the North of England". In Hoenselaars, Ton; Buning, Marius (eds.).
569:
was written by the Barrovian William Robinson and included this area. As there was mass migration in the 19th century to Barrow-in-Furness from
5201:
3826:
1882:, undertook a survey of the speech of the country. The recordings are now available on the British Library's website. An accompanying book,
270:
5127:
4912:
3932:
3366:
3726:
5191:
5147:
4220:
4105:
3180:
3121:
4628:
2143:
used reconstructed Lancashire dialect from the early 19th century, based on the works of Samuel Bamford, who was portrayed in the film.
1270:
financial problems meant that this second phase never occurred and the Survey's coverage was mostly confined to rural parts of England.
1182:
Of these, only the works on Oldham and Adlington contain any phonetic notation, and this was in a slightly different code to the modern
4733:
1903:
1937:
The Lancashire Authors Association was founded in 1909 and still exists for writers in the dialect, producing an annual paper called
3911:
3877:
3856:
3424:
2987:
2958:
2843:
2806:
2782:
2758:
2731:
2707:
2683:
2656:
2219:
1997:. In 1950, he was awarded an honorary master's degree by Manchester University for his scholarly contribution to dialect literature.
78:
2606:
1694:, conducted a series of research projects on the dialect of the Bolton area. These were consolidated into two linked books named
4532:
3801:
2564:
2021:
In November 2016, Simon Rennie from Exeter University announced his collection of Lancashire dialect poetry from the time of the
1986:(10 May 1831 – 14 June 1895), was an Irish Lancashire dialect writer from the 19th century who wrote in prose rather than verse.
4780:
4576:
1183:
561:
The area transferred in 1974 to modern Cumbria, known as "Lancashire over the sands", is sometimes also covered as in scope of
543:
320:
60:
5206:
5196:
5097:
4537:
4043:
3324:
3296:
3271:
3246:
2867:
2298:
1717:, made some passing comments on Lancastrian speech (mostly on the southern parts of the county) in his 1982 series of books,
2975:
5137:
4830:
4792:
2164:
1666:
4012:
3390:
5132:
4785:
4605:
4422:
4243:
3341:
275:
154:
3039:
1853:
are usually not post-aspirated (as they are in most other dialects) in the Pennine valleys, for example around Burnley.
4508:
4498:
4096:
4063:
4059:
1476:
4007:
3990:
5092:
4807:
4665:
4076:
3976:
2099:
1607:
1266:
2471:
5072:
4598:
4556:
4527:
4459:
4427:
4036:
2103:
1094:
869:
56:
52:
4797:
4751:
4650:
4623:
4588:
4483:
4354:
2095:
2022:
1989:
1662:
1274:
752:
468:
330:
1771:
2056:
and Teddy Ashton. The collection has been housed at public libraries across Lancashire, and was moved to the
5009:
4842:
4660:
4635:
4023:
1704:
943:
935:
159:
149:
139:
4002:
4924:
4902:
4706:
4403:
4372:
4250:
3202:
McCauley, Larry (2001). ""Eawr Folk": Language, Class, and English Identity in Victorian Dialect Poetry".
2015:
1994:
1983:
1931:
1850:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1802:
1798:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1734:
965:
961:
819:
815:
811:
807:
746:
742:
706:
702:
3892:. Manchester: Whitethorn Press, 1975 (dedicated to "Lancastrians learning English as a second language")
1284:
The table below shows the sites as reported in Book 1 of the Survey's outputs for the northern counties.
5122:
5042:
4907:
4802:
4515:
4449:
4203:
4193:
4188:
2168:
1670:
1641:
1408:
1386:
1056:
515:
494:
431:
5115:
3749:
4028:
3980:
4544:
4437:
4377:
4255:
4228:
4145:
3922:
3661:
2057:
1977:(1826–1893) was a dialect poet who recorded in verse the vernacular of the Lancashire cotton workers.
1842:
1020:
710:
692:
1677:. These are now contained in the Archive of Vernacular Culture at the Brotherton Library in Leeds.
5142:
4972:
4964:
4862:
4825:
4711:
4696:
4571:
4561:
4488:
4327:
4020:("the Objects of the Society are the Maintaining and Increasing of Interest in Lancashire Dialect")
2107:
1879:
1774:, although (as in most of the North of England) many NURSE words are pronounced with a short schwa
1585:
1262:
1017:
ia in FACE words. eɪ in FLEECE words. aɪ in PRICE words. iʊ in GOOSE words. ʊu in MOUTH words.
995:
987:
921:
873:
472:
5032:
4999:
4934:
4917:
4772:
4593:
4140:
3718:
3219:
3161:
3102:
3094:
3059:
3020:
2123:
1052:
1040:
861:
794:
764:
593:
381:
144:
2633:
2435:
47:
may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
3437:
3181:"M. R. Lahee and the Lancashire Lads: Gender and Class in Victorian Lancashire Dialect Writing"
3077:
Hakala, Taryn (2010). "A Great Man in Clogs: Performing Authenticity in Victorian Lancashire".
5037:
5022:
4994:
4954:
4746:
4728:
4683:
4432:
4208:
4172:
3928:
3907:
3873:
3852:
3420:
3362:
3356:
3320:
3292:
3267:
3242:
2983:
2954:
2863:
2839:
2802:
2778:
2754:
2727:
2703:
2679:
2652:
2294:
2215:
1968:
1948:
1502:
1359:
1068:
1036:
1028:
881:
256:
1281:
that explained the dialects of Lancashire through a series of illustrations, often humorous.
17:
5157:
5110:
5062:
4989:
4897:
4887:
4882:
4872:
4718:
4691:
4549:
4469:
4414:
4312:
4294:
4281:
4118:
4113:
3827:
Folk's t'internet sensations – World music – Music – Entertainment – Manchester Evening News
3550:
3525:
3211:
3153:
3086:
3051:
3012:
2153:
1637:
999:
991:
790:
562:
164:
2212:
Greater Manchester: a panorama of people and places in Manchester and its surrounding towns
5027:
4929:
4867:
4837:
4820:
4645:
4520:
4341:
4317:
4289:
4260:
4233:
4198:
4085:
3833:
2551:
Survey of English Dialects: Volume 1 Basic Material, Six Northern Counties and Man: Part 1
2521:
Survey of English Dialects: Volume 1 Basic Material, Six Northern Counties and Man: Part 1
2139:
2119:
1925:
1048:
1024:
131:
3098:
2587:
2429:
1756:. This can be heard clearly in the pronunciation of the word 'roundabout' in these areas.
506:
administrative county was subject to significant boundary changes in 1974, which removed
2456:
1748:
In southern parts of Lancashire such as the Bolton and Oldham areas, the MOUTH vowel is
5102:
5017:
4977:
4877:
4701:
4454:
4359:
4349:
4265:
4067:
3805:
2927:
2610:
2053:
2044:
is devoted to the study of Lancashire literature, history, traditions and dialect. The
1974:
1866:
1828:
1138:
1113:
A number of dialect glossaries were published in the 18th and 19th Centuries, often by
909:
200:
122:
651:
608:
269:
248:
5185:
5152:
5067:
4723:
4640:
4581:
4493:
4444:
4322:
4304:
3223:
3165:
3106:
3024:
2192:
2127:
2038:
was afterwards taken away and deposited at the Lancashire County Library in Preston.
1920:
1710:
1551:
578:
574:
3623:
2045:
497:
as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred
4655:
4503:
4382:
3697:"Mike Leigh on Why His New Film About an 1819 Massacre Feels Eerily Relevant Today"
3063:
2131:
1899:
1382:
1313:
1258:
1060:
1004:
939:
917:
905:
841:
551:
439:
592:
In recent years, some have also classified the speech of Manchester as a separate
3598:
2041:
705:
in other Northern and North Midland dialects but was actually a more centralised
421:
367:
3624:"Lancashire Authors' Association Collection at the University of Bolton Library"
2980:
Structural-Functional Studies in English Grammar: In honour of Lachlan Mackenzie
2188:
2049:
2000:
1114:
1086:
947:
784:
542:. In the post-war era, migration to other towns in Merseyside, and also to the
195:
2905:
2450:
2171:, have also used the Lancashire dialect in their work, particularly for humor.
2048:
was founded in Horwich in 1921 and contains dialect works by authors including
2003:
whose most famous poem was "Come whoam to thi childer an' me", written in 1856.
4566:
3394:
3157:
3090:
3016:
2976:"Ditransitive clauses in English with special reference to Lancashire dialect"
2118:
Films from the early part of the 20th century, particularly those produced by
1714:
1577:
1090:
971:
929:
913:
901:
889:
865:
857:
845:
772:
760:
756:
555:
527:
511:
488:
476:
451:
435:
393:
377:
112:
2018:
printed phrases from local dialect poems on stone-cube artworks in the area.
701:
Ellis often spoke of "the Lancashire U" in his work. This was similar to the
301:
288:
4123:
3503:
3481:
3459:
2006:
Michael Wilson of Manchester (1763–1840) and his sons Thomas and Alexander.
1766:
The lexical sets for NURSE and SQUARE are both realised with the same vowel
1691:
1674:
1615:
1611:
1581:
1506:
1431:
1098:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1032:
983:
975:
853:
849:
837:
825:
586:
507:
498:
479:. The region is notable for its tradition of poetry written in the dialect.
241:
229:
59:
any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
4017:
3040:"Corpora and (the Need for) Other Methods in a Study of Lancashire Dialect"
1122:
Glossary of provincial words used in the neighbourhood of Ashton-under-Lyne
3055:
2820:
Beal, Joan (2004). "English dialects in the North of England: phonology".
4150:
3215:
1962:, published more than 100 editions of "A View of the Lancashire Dialect".
1923:
at the time and occasional political sentiments: for example, the ballad
1453:
979:
885:
780:
582:
338:
326:
215:
3658:"North West Sound Archive set to close due to 'financial circumstances'"
5087:
5082:
4892:
4238:
4165:
4160:
1555:
1528:
1336:
1076:
1044:
893:
833:
570:
547:
523:
519:
334:
102:
934:
None. Ellis said that he considered including the Yorkshire sites of
4155:
4135:
2883:
1895:
1480:
897:
877:
829:
776:
768:
539:
531:
502:
3781:"Houghton Weavers on 'Nu Folk', music critics and their long career"
2777:, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 365–66,
3971:
Lancashire Sings Again! songs & poems in the Lancashire dialect
1117:
who were interested in the old words retained in certain dialects.
1759:
In much of the area around Manchester, the GOOSE vowel is fronted
1128:
Glossary of provincial words used in the neighbourhood of Ormskirk
925:
1152:
A Glossary of the Words and Phrases of Furness (North Lancashire)
518:
of Merseyside and Greater Manchester. At this time, the detached
2838:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 370,
2801:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 368,
2753:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 362,
2726:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 356,
2702:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 361,
2678:, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 359,
2651:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 358,
514:
with most of their surrounding conurbations to form part of the
4032:
2951:
Talking for Britain: A journey through the voices of our nation
950:
in this area, but decided to include them in area 24 instead.
646:
603:
31:
3551:"'Forgotten' Lancashire dialects revealed in poetry research"
1884:
Talking for Britain: a journey through the voices of a nation
2316:
The Lancashire Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
2273:
The Lancashire Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
585:
and nearby rural areas, it has (like Liverpool) developed a
403:
349:
1902:
of dialect words, and the relationship between dialect and
2291:
The Cumbrian Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
567:
The Cumbrian Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
522:
and Cartmel (Lancashire over the Sands) were made part of
501:
and collieries and by the 1830s, approximately 85% of all
337:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3723:
Traditional & Folk Songs with lyrics & midi music
2824:(pp. 113-133). Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 127.
3122:"From Voice to Print: Lancashire Dialect Verse, 1800-70"
1158:
A Glossary of Rochdale-with-Rossendale Words and Phrases
203:(West Midlands and Northern dialects dependant on area)
4013:
Website dedicated to the poems and songs of Edwin Waugh
3863:
Lancashire Sings Again: a collection of original verses
3526:"Old Pendle dialect phrases to be put on cube artworks"
663:
620:
3898:(no. 15, January 1966, contains an index to no. 1–14)
3358:
Dialect and Literature in the Long Nineteenth Century
376:
An example of a female with a non-rhotic accent from
3870:
Lancashire Evergreens: a hundred favourite old poems
2033:
The Lancashire Dialect Society was founded in 1951;
5055:
5008:
4963:
4943:
4855:
4771:
4764:
4682:
4614:
4468:
4413:
4402:
4395:
4340:
4303:
4280:
4219:
4181:
4104:
4095:
4084:
4075:
3890:
Just Sithabod: dialect verse from "Lancashire Life"
430:An example of a male with a non-rhotic accent from
255:
239:
227:
222:
210:
188:
128:
118:
108:
98:
93:
3957:A Lancashire Mon: ballads, songs & recitations
2589:A Grammar of the Dialect of Farnworth and District
2455:. Darmstadt, G. Otto's hof-buchdruckerei. p.
2431:A Grammar Of The Dialect Of Adlington (Lancashire)
2063:Various newspapers in Lancashire and the magazine
1170:A Grammar Of The Dialect Of Adlington (Lancashire)
2744:
2742:
2669:
2667:
2122:, often contain Lancashire dialect: the films of
1898:of the dialect, methods of oral performance, the
587:dialect different from the surrounding rural area
1827:In the southern half of Lancashire, there is no
709:. In addition, the dialects he studied were all
27:Northern English vernacular native to Lancashire
2452:A Grammar Of The Dialect Of Oldham (Lancashire)
1253:Survey of English Dialects and related research
1176:A Grammar Of The Dialect Of Oldham (Lancashire)
3310:
3308:
2982:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 83–102.
4044:
4003:Completely Lanky – Lancashire dialect website
3896:The Journal of the Lancashire Dialect Society
3884:Nowt So Queer: new Lancashire verse and prose
3586:The Journal of the Lancashire Dialect Society
3339:Leaver, Eric. "Looms were mill poet's muse".
2553:. Leeds: EJ Arnold & Son. pp. 20–25.
2523:. Leeds: EJ Arnold & Son. pp. 21–22.
2035:The Journal of the Lancashire Dialect Society
1154:, RB Peacock, London Phil. Soc. Trans., 1869.
731:Areas of other counties in same dialect area
8:
4008:Trouble at mill – Lancashire dialect website
3438:"SAM SMITH (Lancashire Dialect Entertainer)"
2634:"John Wells's phonetic blog: English places"
2328:Set out below in the Modern Research section
1878:In 2005 and 2006, the BBC, working with the
818:occurs in words such as "coal" and "hole".
3460:"Music Matters: Lancashire dialect in song"
3044:Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik
3038:Siewierska, Anna; Hollmann, Willem (2006).
2978:. In Hannay, Mike; Steen, Gerard J (eds.).
2974:Siewierska, Anna; Hollmann, Willem (2007).
2549:Orton, Harold; Halliday, Wilfrid J (1962).
2519:Orton, Harold; Halliday, Wilfrid J (1962).
1697:A Grammar of the Dialect of the Bolton Area
5078:Comparison of American and British English
4947:
4768:
4476:
4410:
4399:
4101:
4092:
4081:
4051:
4037:
4029:
4024:Website of Wigan dialect poems and phrases
3964:Golden Stream: Lancashire songs and rhymes
3847:Boardman, Harry & Lesley, eds. (1973)
3419:. Manchester: Manchester University Press
3317:English Literature and the Other Languages
3289:English Literature and the Other Languages
3264:English Literature and the Other Languages
3239:English Literature and the Other Languages
2284:
2282:
2087:as well as in "Mr. Manchester's diary" in
1286:
1188:
715:
268:
90:
3647:. Clapham, N. Yorks.: Dalesman; pp. 18–19
3545:
3543:
3345:(Blackburn). 8 February 1978. Front page.
2508:. Leeds: EJ Arnold & Son. p. 33.
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
3981:recordings from Lancashire (circa 1950s)
3804:. British Film Institute. Archived from
2506:Survey of English Dialects: Introduction
5169:
2836:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2799:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2775:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2751:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2724:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2700:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2676:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2649:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2415:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2400:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2385:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2370:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2355:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2202:
2180:
331:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
3849:Folk Songs & Ballads of Lancashire
2340:Scouse: the urban dialect of Liverpool
2258:Scouse: the urban dialect of Liverpool
2246:Local Government Act 1972. 1972, c. 70
639:Lancashire uses rhotic pronunciation.
449:
391:
3760:from the original on 23 February 2014
3599:"The Lancashire Authors' Association"
3361:. Taylor & Francis. p. 110.
1958:John Collier, writing under the name
1725:In central Lancashire, words such as
822:in some FLEECE words (e.g. "speak").
7:
5148:Non-native pronunciations of English
3729:from the original on 1 December 2008
3504:"Tongue and Talk: the Dialect Poets"
2906:"Where I live - Lancashire - Voices"
2472:"The Historiography of Dialectology"
1273:The fieldworkers for the sites were
688:Dialect division in the 19th century
3756:. Guardian News and Media Limited.
3685:, Fred Holcroft, introduction, 1997
3603:The Lancashire Authors' Association
3575:. London: Andre Deutsch; pp. 156–57
2042:The Lancashire Authors' Association
1824:in other parts of Northern England.
434:, formerly part of Lancashire (now
274:Lancashire within England, showing
3969:Kershaw, Mary & Harvey (1976)
3779:Barnes, Liam (27 September 2011).
3440:. 2ZY Manchester. 16 November 1926
3005:English Language & Linguistics
2822:A Handbook of Varieties of English
1965:Sam Fitton of Rochdale (1868–1923)
1904:social class in the United Kingdom
1690:Graham Shorrocks, a linguist from
1224:aɪː aːe eiː iːə ʊə ɔɪː ɔʊː uɪ ʊiː
469:Northern English vernacular speech
25:
3748:Barton, Laura (6 February 2008).
1820:of Received Pronunciation or the
1789:The final vowel in words such as
1244:aɪ eɪ ɪə aʊ ʊə ɛʊ ɛə ɔɪ ɔə uɪ ɪɛ
3966:. AK Records, Manchester AK 7813
3902:Holcroft, Fred (November 1997).
3695:Schindel, Daniel (4 July 2019).
3415:Hollingworth, Brian, ed. (1977)
2536:The Lanky Twang: How it is spoke
2428:Hargreaves, Karl Andrew (1904).
2046:Association’s library collection
1279:The Lanky Twang: How it is spoke
650:
607:
450:Problems playing this file? See
419:
392:Problems playing this file? See
365:
36:
3986:20th Century Lancastrian speech
3959:. Topic Records, London 12TS236
3921:Elmes, Simon (September 2006).
3750:"Hear where you're coming from"
3393:. Gerald Massey. Archived from
2075:. Dialect has also featured in
1805:of most other English dialects.
1172:, Karl Andrew Hargreaves, 1904.
534:areas became part of Cheshire.
214:Different varieties within the
5098:English-based creole languages
3872:. Brierfield, Nelson: Gerrard
2607:"J C Wells - personal history"
2449:Schilling, Karl Georg (1906).
2413:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2398:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2383:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2368:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2353:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2293:. Smith Settle. p. xiii.
1700:, published in 1998 and 1999.
493:Lancashire emerged during the
1:
5202:Culture in Greater Manchester
5138:List of English-based pidgins
3991:Sound Comparisons: Rossendale
2632:Wells, John (16 March 2012).
2187:Ellis was writing before the
1980:Joseph Ramsbottom (1831–1901)
1178:, Karl Georg Schilling, 1906.
18:Lancashire dialect and accent
5133:Linguistic purism in English
3342:Lancashire Evening Telegraph
3120:Hollingworth, Brian (2013).
1944:Some dialect poets include:
1091:south and central Cumberland
749:for the present participle.
725:Distinctive characteristics
61:Knowledge's inclusion policy
5192:English language in England
4234:London & Thames Estuary
4018:Edwin Waugh Dialect Society
3851:. London: Oak Publications
3553:. BBC News. 2 November 2016
2884:"BBC news archive - Voices"
2094:Between 1979 and 2015, the
2089:The Manchester Evening News
2085:The Lancashire Evening Post
2069:The West Lancashire Gazette
1915:Poetry and other literature
1351:Yes, not survey respondent
1221:aː ɑ: eː ɛː iː ɔ: uː oː əː
1130:, W Hawkstead Talbot, 1846.
483:Scope of Lancashire dialect
5223:
5093:English as a lingua franca
3977:Survey of English Dialects
3882:Pomfret, Joan, ed. (1969)
3868:Pomfret, Joan, ed. (1969)
3865:. Rochdale: Harvey Kershaw
3506:. BBC Radio 4. 19 May 2018
3462:. BBC Radio 3. 21 May 2018
2586:Shorrocks, Graham (1980).
2289:Robinson, William (1997).
2100:Manchester Central Library
1267:Survey of English Dialects
486:
5073:Broad and general accents
4983:regional and occupational
4950:
4816:
4742:
4479:
4368:
3528:. BBC News. 15 April 2011
3158:10.1017/S0266078412000405
3099:10.2979/VIC.2010.52.3.387
3091:10.2979/VIC.2010.52.3.387
3017:10.1017/S1360674307002304
2565:"Student Research Papers"
2104:Liverpool Central Library
1296:Date survey administered
317:
282:
267:
3484:. BBC One. 9 August 2014
2953:. Penguin. p. 177.
2858:Trudgill, Peter (2000).
2338:Knowles, Gerard (1973).
2256:Knowles, Gerard (1973).
2096:North West Sound Archive
2023:Lancashire Cotton Famine
1770:. This is known as the
1733:are pronounced with the
1459:29 March – 3 April 1954
814:in GOAT words, although
713:at the time of writing.
3973:. Topic Records 12TS302
3962:Boardman, Harry (1978)
3955:Boardman, Harry (1973)
3952:. Topic Records 12TS356
3906:. London: Abson Books.
3861:Kershaw, Harvey (1958)
3832:25 October 2007 at the
2860:The Dialects of England
2834:Wells, John C. (1982),
2797:Wells, John C. (1982),
2773:Wells, John C. (1982),
2749:Wells, John C. (1982),
2722:Wells, John C. (1982),
2698:Wells, John C. (1982),
2674:Wells, John C. (1982),
2647:Wells, John C. (1982),
2073:The Fleetwood Chronicle
2029:Organizations and media
1859:The Dialects of England
1705:Atlas Linguarum Europae
1599:Yes, survey respondent
1569:Yes, survey respondent
1520:Yes, survey respondent
1494:Yes, survey respondent
1445:Yes, survey respondent
1423:Yes, survey respondent
1400:Yes, survey respondent
1374:Yes, survey respondent
1362:, modern south Cumbria
1339:, modern south Cumbria
958:Northern North Midland
739:Southern North Midland
4251:Received Pronunciation
3802:"Sit Thi Deawn (1979)"
3319:. Rodopi. p. 93.
3291:. Rodopi. p. 95.
3266:. Rodopi. p. 89.
3241:. Rodopi. p. 90.
3185:Philological Quarterly
3179:Hakala, Taryn (2012).
3126:Philological Quarterly
2908:. BBC. 28 October 2014
2534:Wright, Peter (1981),
2504:Orton, Harold (1962).
2214:. Myriad. p. 13.
2165:the Lancashire Hotpots
2016:Pendle Borough Council
1995:George Allen and Unwin
1984:Margaret Rebecca Lahee
1953:Chronicles of Waverlow
1812:is usually pronounced
1319:28 June – 1 July 1955
1164:A Blegburn Dickshonary
804:Western North Midland
408:
354:
319:This article contains
5207:Culture in Merseyside
5197:Culture in Lancashire
4445:Multicultural Toronto
3643:Wright, Peter (1976)
3056:10.1515/zaa-2006-0210
2949:Elmes, Simon (2005).
2567:. University of Leeds
2538:, Lancaster: Dalesman
2470:Frees, Craig (1991).
2314:Crosby, Alan (2000).
2275:. pp. xviii–xix.
2271:Crosby, Alan (2000).
2210:Gibb, Robert (2005).
1342:28 May – 6 June 1954
1299:Number of informants
1241:aː eː iː ɔ: uː oː ɜː
795:north-west Derbyshire
516:metropolitan counties
495:Industrial Revolution
407:
353:
4606:Western Pennsylvania
3662:Lancashire Telegraph
3571:Brook, G. L. (1963)
3482:"Flog it! Blackburn"
3216:10.1353/vp.2001.0014
2175:Notes and references
2058:University of Bolton
1786:in non-rhotic areas.
1485:16–23 February 1954
1436:1954 intermittently
1305:Tape recording made
1148:, JC Atkinson, 1869.
1021:Broughton-in-Furness
728:Sites in Lancashire
719:Dialect area number
693:Alexander John Ellis
683:History and research
302:53.80000°N 2.60000°W
5143:Mid-Atlantic accent
4734:Trinidad and Tobago
3948:Aspey, Vera (1976)
3924:Talking for Britain
3417:Songs of the People
3355:Hodson, J. (2017).
2417:. pp. 537–637.
2402:. pp. 351–363.
2387:. pp. 329–351.
2372:. pp. 315–329.
2134:are some examples.
2108:Lancashire Archives
1932:Lancashire folklore
1880:University of Leeds
1831:, so words such as
1772:square–nurse merger
1620:19–23 January 1952
1534:24–29 January 1952
1263:University of Leeds
1160:, H Cunliffe, 1886.
1124:, Mr. Barnes, 1846.
1099:northwest Yorkshire
791:north-east Cheshire
298: /
4666:Pennsylvania Dutch
3904:Lancashire English
3683:Lancashire English
3664:. 22 December 2014
3645:Lancashire Dialect
2613:on 5 December 2008
2234:George, D. (1991)
2081:The Leigh Reporter
2077:The Bolton Journal
1719:Accents of English
1316:, west Lancashire
1109:Dialect glossaries
722:Dialect area name
662:. You can help by
619:. You can help by
463:(or colloquially,
461:Lancashire dialect
409:
382:Jeanette Winterson
355:
307:53.80000; -2.60000
170:Lancashire dialect
155:North Sea Germanic
94:Lancashire dialect
5166:
5165:
5051:
5050:
4851:
4850:
4760:
4759:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4599:Pacific Northwest
4460:Standard Canadian
4391:
4390:
4336:
4335:
4276:
4275:
3934:978-0-14-102277-2
3886:. Nelson: Gerrard
3808:on 16 August 2017
3588:, no. 23, pp. 3–4
3368:978-1-317-15148-7
3079:Victorian Studies
2930:. British Library
2479:Lore and Language
2060:Library in 2021.
1969:Nicholas Freeston
1949:Benjamin Brierley
1874:BBC Voices Survey
1713:, who grew up in
1659:
1658:
1646:20–25 April 1955
1590:11–17 March 1954
1456:, near Liverpool
1414:23–26 March 1954
1365:20–25 April 1955
1250:
1249:
1215:Hargreaves, 1904
1104:
1103:
1069:Newton-in-Furness
964:in MOUTH words.
882:Newton-le-Willows
745:in MOUTH words.
680:
679:
637:
636:
520:Furness Peninsula
425:
371:
345:
344:
327:rendering support
323:phonetic symbols.
89:
88:
81:
16:(Redirected from
5214:
5177:
5174:
5063:English language
4948:
4769:
4752:Falkland Islands
4651:General American
4624:African-American
4477:
4411:
4400:
4102:
4093:
4082:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4030:
3943:Sound recordings
3938:
3917:
3836:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3595:
3589:
3582:
3576:
3573:English Dialects
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3434:
3428:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3397:on 12 April 2008
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3352:
3346:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3204:Victorian Poetry
3199:
3193:
3192:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2831:
2825:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2609:. Archived from
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2207:
2196:
2185:
2154:Houghton Weavers
1852:
1823:
1819:
1816:rather than the
1815:
1804:
1801:rather than the
1800:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1511:8–13 April 1954
1287:
1235:Schilling, 1906
1218:a ɑ e ɪ ɔ ʊ o ə
1189:
1166:, J Baron, 1891.
992:Poulton-le-Fylde
968:in PRICE words.
967:
963:
821:
817:
813:
810:in FACE words.
809:
748:
744:
716:
708:
704:
675:
672:
654:
647:
632:
629:
611:
604:
563:Cumbrian dialect
467:) refers to the
427:
426:
406:
373:
372:
352:
313:
312:
310:
309:
308:
303:
299:
296:
295:
294:
291:
272:
263:
251:
232:
134:
91:
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
40:
39:
32:
21:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5047:
5004:
4959:
4939:
4847:
4843:Solomon Islands
4812:
4756:
4738:
4670:
4661:New York Latino
4636:American Indian
4616:
4610:
4471:
4464:
4405:
4387:
4373:Channel Islands
4364:
4332:
4299:
4272:
4215:
4177:
4087:
4071:
4057:
3999:
3945:
3935:
3920:
3914:
3901:
3844:
3842:Further reading
3839:
3834:Wayback Machine
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3719:"Poverty Knock"
3716:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3665:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3583:
3579:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2149:
2120:Mancunian Films
2116:
2065:Lancashire Life
2031:
2014:In April 2011,
1990:Thomas Thompson
1926:Jone o Grinfilt
1917:
1912:
1892:
1876:
1863:
1849:The consonants
1688:
1683:
1681:Modern research
1560:3–7 March 1954
1411:, near Chorley
1391:21–25 May 1954
1255:
1111:
1049:High Nibthwaite
1025:Cark-in-Cartmel
690:
685:
676:
670:
667:
660:needs expansion
645:
633:
627:
624:
617:needs expansion
602:
565:: for example,
491:
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428:
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325:Without proper
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184:
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132:Language family
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85:
74:
68:
65:
51:Please help by
50:
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37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5220:
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5103:Englishisation
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5010:Southeast Asia
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4707:Cayman Islands
4704:
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4209:Stoke-on-Trent
4206:
4201:
4191:
4185:
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4128:
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4099:
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4079:
4073:
4072:
4068:Modern English
4058:
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4048:
4041:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4015:
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3998:
3997:External links
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2318:. p. xiv.
2306:
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2148:
2145:
2137:The 2018 film
2115:
2112:
2054:Samuel Laycock
2030:
2027:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1975:Samuel Laycock
1972:
1966:
1963:
1956:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1891:
1890:Other research
1888:
1875:
1872:
1867:Peter Trudgill
1862:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1829:NG-coalescence
1825:
1806:
1787:
1782:is pronounced
1764:
1757:
1746:
1737:vowel, giving
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:Stanley Ellis
1650:
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1644:
1635:
1631:
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1600:
1597:
1596:Stanley Ellis
1594:
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1566:Stanley Ellis
1564:
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1549:
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1538:
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1532:
1531:, Fylde coast
1526:
1522:
1521:
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1517:Stanley Ellis
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1491:Stanley Ellis
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1348:Stanley Ellis
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1325:Stanley Ellis
1323:
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1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1254:
1251:
1248:
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1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:a e ɪ ɔ ʊ o ə
1236:
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1225:
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1199:
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1139:Samuel Bamford
1131:
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1083:
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1015:
1014:West Northern
1012:
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910:Walton-le-Dale
823:
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487:Main article:
484:
481:
473:English county
447:
429:
418:
415:Speech example
413:
412:
411:
402:
401:
400:
389:
375:
364:
361:Speech example
359:
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357:
348:
347:
346:
343:
342:
329:, you may see
315:
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279:
276:ancient extent
273:
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237:
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223:Language codes
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201:Middle English
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99:Native to
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87:
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44:
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35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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5123:International
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4804:
4803:Torres Strait
4801:
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4538:North-Central
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4516:New York City
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4450:Ottawa Valley
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4279:
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4244:Multicultural
4242:
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4235:
4232:
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4222:
4218:
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4207:
4205:
4204:Black Country
4202:
4200:
4197:
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4195:
4194:West Midlands
4192:
4190:
4189:East Midlands
4187:
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4184:
4180:
4174:
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4019:
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4011:
4009:
4006:
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4001:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3950:The Blackbird
3947:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3913:0-902920-97-9
3909:
3905:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3878:0-900397-02-0
3875:
3871:
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3864:
3860:
3858:
3857:0-86001-027-9
3854:
3850:
3846:
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3831:
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3823:
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3807:
3803:
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3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3587:
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3578:
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3568:
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3505:
3499:
3496:
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3430:
3426:
3425:0-7190-0612-0
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3396:
3392:
3391:"Edwin Waugh"
3385:
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3240:
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3225:
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3213:
3209:
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3198:
3195:
3191:(2): 271–288.
3190:
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3147:
3146:English Today
3139:
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3132:(2): 289–313.
3131:
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2999:
2996:
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2989:9789027292599
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2681:
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2668:
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2660:
2658:0-521-29719-2
2654:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2625:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2595:. p. 35.
2591:
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2357:. p. 10.
2356:
2349:
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2342:. p. 18.
2341:
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2260:. p. 17.
2259:
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2221:1-904736-86-6
2217:
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2194:
2193:John C. Wells
2190:
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2174:
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2166:
2161:
2159:
2158:Sit thi deawn
2155:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:Gracie Fields
2125:
2124:George Formby
2121:
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2019:
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2005:
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1957:
1954:
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1947:
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1928:
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1922:
1921:working class
1914:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:The linguist
1860:
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1711:John C. Wells
1708:
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1626:Peter Wright
1625:
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1540:Peter Wright
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1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:Peter Wright
1441:
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1282:
1280:
1276:
1275:Stanley Ellis
1271:
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1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:Short vowels
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
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724:
721:
718:
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682:
674:
665:
661:
658:This section
656:
653:
649:
648:
642:
640:
631:
622:
618:
615:This section
613:
610:
606:
605:
600:Pronunciation
599:
597:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
579:Black Country
576:
575:Staffordshire
572:
568:
564:
559:
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541:
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340:
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328:
324:
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283:Coordinates:
281:
277:
271:
266:
262:en-u-sd-gblan
260:
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246:
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243:
238:
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202:
199:
198:
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187:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
161:
160:Anglo-Frisian
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:West Germanic
148:
147:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:Indo-European
137:
133:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
92:
83:
80:
72:
62:
58:
54:
48:
45:This article
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5172:
4908:South Africa
4903:Sierra Leone
4656:Miami Latino
4545:Philadelphia
4533:Inland North
4438:Newfoundland
4256:West Country
4130:
4070:by continent
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3923:
3903:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3869:
3862:
3848:
3822:
3810:. Retrieved
3806:the original
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3774:
3764:21 September
3762:. Retrieved
3754:The Guardian
3753:
3743:
3733:21 September
3731:. Retrieved
3722:
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3690:
3682:
3678:
3668:26 September
3666:. Retrieved
3652:
3644:
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3618:
3606:. Retrieved
3602:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3530:. Retrieved
3520:
3508:. Retrieved
3498:
3486:. Retrieved
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3454:
3442:. Retrieved
3432:
3427:; pp. 151–56
3416:
3411:
3401:21 September
3399:. Retrieved
3395:the original
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3357:
3350:
3340:
3335:
3316:
3288:
3282:
3263:
3257:
3238:
3232:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2979:
2969:
2950:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2928:"BBC Voices"
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2878:
2859:
2853:
2835:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2798:
2792:
2774:
2768:
2750:
2723:
2717:
2699:
2693:
2675:
2648:
2642:
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:the original
2601:
2588:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2559:
2550:
2544:
2535:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2482:
2478:
2465:
2451:
2444:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2399:
2393:
2384:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2354:
2348:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2309:
2290:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2242:
2235:
2230:
2211:
2205:
2189:lexical sets
2183:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2138:
2136:
2132:Frank Randle
2117:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2020:
2013:
2009:
1959:
1952:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1924:
1918:
1900:lexicography
1893:
1883:
1877:
1864:
1858:
1836:
1832:
1809:
1794:
1790:
1779:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1660:
1383:Dolphinholme
1314:Bickerstaffe
1302:Fieldworker
1283:
1278:
1272:
1259:Harold Orton
1256:
1207:Triphthongs
1201:Long vowels
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1146:Northumbria)
1144:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:philologists
1112:
1105:
1095:south Durham
1061:Lower Holker
940:Huddersfield
918:Westhoughton
906:Skelmersdale
842:Colne Valley
700:
697:
691:
671:January 2023
668:
664:adding to it
659:
638:
628:January 2023
625:
621:adding to it
616:
591:
566:
560:
552:Skelmersdale
536:
492:
464:
460:
458:
440:Johnny Vegas
318:
240:
169:
75:
69:January 2023
66:
53:spinning off
46:
29:
5033:Philippines
4826:New Zealand
4712:Bay Islands
4692:The Bahamas
4615:Social and
4572:New Orleans
4489:New England
4383:Isle of Man
4328:Port Talbot
4229:East Anglia
4146:Northumbria
3927:. Penguin.
3374:12 November
2489:11 February
2191:devised by
2050:Edwin Waugh
2001:Edwin Waugh
1797:is a short
1686:Bolton area
1204:Diphthongs
1087:Westmorland
1005:Isle of Man
948:Saddleworth
785:Stalybridge
546:created at
333:instead of
305: /
196:Old English
190:Early forms
5186:Categories
4973:Bangladesh
4965:South Asia
4918:Cape Flats
4868:The Gambia
4793:Aboriginal
4629:vernacular
4594:California
4567:High Tider
4562:Appalachia
4423:Aboriginal
4355:South-West
4199:Birmingham
4156:Sunderland
4141:Manchester
4131:Lancashire
3812:25 January
3786:25 January
3702:19 January
3557:19 January
3532:25 January
3510:25 January
3488:25 January
3466:25 January
3444:25 January
3326:9042007842
3298:9042007842
3273:9042007842
3248:9042007842
2934:25 January
2912:25 January
2890:25 January
2869:0631218157
2571:19 January
2485:(2): 71–72
2434:. p.
2300:1858250668
2236:Lancashire
2106:, and the
1960:Tim Bobbin
1939:The Record
1715:Up Holland
1671:St. Helens
1608:Thistleton
1580:, between
1578:Ribchester
1212:Adlington
1195:Reference
1135:Lancashire
972:Abbeystead
930:Worsthorne
914:Warrington
902:Samlesbury
890:Penwortham
866:Hoddlesden
858:Haslingden
846:Earlestown
773:Patricroft
761:Manchester
757:Failsworth
556:Warrington
528:Warrington
526:, and the
512:Manchester
499:mill towns
489:Lancashire
477:Lancashire
452:media help
436:Merseyside
394:media help
378:Accrington
113:Lancashire
57:relocating
5038:Singapore
5000:Sri Lanka
4955:Hong Kong
4781:variation
4773:Australia
4684:Caribbean
4550:Baltimore
4433:Lunenburg
4378:Gibraltar
4295:Highlands
4173:Yorkshire
4136:Liverpool
3629:4 January
3608:4 January
3224:161328242
3166:144690041
3107:144071795
3025:122076268
2862:. Wiley.
2617:14 August
2169:St Helens
2163:The band
1843:Rhoticity
1808:The word
1692:Farnworth
1675:Southport
1667:Middleton
1642:Lancaster
1616:Blackpool
1612:the Fylde
1582:Blackburn
1507:Southport
1503:Marshside
1432:Fleetwood
1409:Eccleston
1387:Lancaster
1081:Ulverston
1073:Quernmore
1065:Morecambe
1057:Lancaster
1033:Cockerham
1000:Wyresdale
984:Goosnargh
976:Blackpool
854:Halliwell
850:Farington
838:Clitheroe
826:Blackburn
789:Parts of
594:Mancunian
544:new towns
508:Liverpool
432:St Helens
290:53°48′0″N
242:Glottolog
230:ISO 639-3
119:Ethnicity
5158:Standard
5128:Learning
5116:Nerrière
5107:Globish
5023:Malaysia
4995:Pakistan
4935:Zimbabwe
4863:Cameroon
4697:Barbados
4428:Atlantic
4396:Americas
4313:Abercraf
4282:Scotland
4261:Cornwall
4182:Midlands
4166:Teesside
4161:Tyneside
4151:Pitmatic
4114:Cheshire
4060:Dialects
3830:Archived
3758:Archived
3727:Archived
2147:In music
2140:Peterloo
1846:century.
1778:so that
1454:Halewood
1360:Coniston
1192:Dialect
1037:Coniston
980:Garstang
886:Ormskirk
781:Rochdale
583:Scotland
339:Help:IPA
293:2°36′0″W
249:lanc1236
216:dialects
211:Dialects
145:Germanic
5088:Engrish
5083:E-Prime
5056:Related
5043:Vietnam
5028:Myanmar
4898:Nigeria
4893:Namibia
4883:Liberia
4765:Oceania
4747:Bermuda
4719:Jamaica
4646:Chicano
4484:Midland
4470:United
4406:America
4342:Ireland
4318:Cardiff
4290:Glasgow
4239:Cockney
4119:Cumbria
4097:England
4088:Britain
4064:accents
3064:8615237
2167:, from
2114:In film
1910:Culture
1861:regions
1640:, near
1638:Yealand
1586:Preston
1556:Burnley
1554:, near
1529:Pilling
1479:, near
1477:Harwood
1385:, near
1337:Cartmel
1261:at the
1257:Led by
1232:Oldham
1141:, 1854.
1085:All of
1077:Skerton
1045:Heysham
996:Preston
988:Kirkham
944:Marsden
936:Halifax
922:Whalley
894:Prescot
874:Leyland
834:Burnley
643:Grammar
571:Ireland
548:Runcorn
524:Cumbria
471:of the
335:Unicode
123:English
103:England
5111:Gogate
5018:Brunei
4930:Uganda
4913:accent
4888:Malawi
4856:Africa
4831:accent
4786:accent
4729:Samaná
4702:Bequia
4521:accent
4494:Boston
4472:States
4455:Quebec
4415:Canada
4404:North
4360:Ulster
4350:Dublin
4266:Dorset
4124:Barrow
4086:Great
4077:Europe
3931:
3910:
3876:
3855:
3717:Anon.
3423:
3389:Anon.
3365:
3323:
3295:
3270:
3245:
3222:
3164:
3105:
3097:
3062:
3023:
2986:
2957:
2866:
2842:
2805:
2781:
2757:
2730:
2706:
2682:
2655:
2297:
2218:
1896:syntax
1839:rhyme.
1837:singer
1833:finger
1481:Bolton
1265:, the
1053:Hornby
1041:Dalton
898:Sabden
878:Mellor
862:Higham
830:Bolton
777:Royton
769:Oldham
765:Moston
711:rhotic
577:, the
540:Scouse
532:Widnes
503:cotton
165:Anglic
109:Region
5153:Plain
5068:Basic
4990:Nepal
4978:India
4878:Kenya
4873:Ghana
4838:Palau
4798:South
4641:Cajun
4582:Texas
4577:Older
4557:South
4528:North
4504:Maine
4323:Gower
4305:Wales
4221:South
4106:North
3220:S2CID
3162:S2CID
3152:(4).
3103:S2CID
3095:JSTOR
3060:S2CID
3021:S2CID
2886:. BBC
2593:(PDF)
2475:(PDF)
1851:p,t,k
1791:happy
1780:curse
1614:near
1610:, on
1499:La10
1473:La12
1450:La14
1405:La11
1310:La13
1293:Site
1290:Code
1029:Caton
926:Wigan
870:Leigh
465:Lanky
4944:Asia
4821:Fiji
4808:West
4724:Saba
4589:West
4509:West
4499:East
4062:and
3929:ISBN
3908:ISBN
3874:ISBN
3853:ISBN
3814:2020
3788:2020
3766:2009
3735:2009
3704:2020
3670:2015
3631:2022
3610:2022
3559:2020
3534:2020
3512:2020
3490:2020
3468:2020
3446:2020
3421:ISBN
3403:2009
3376:2019
3363:ISBN
3321:ISBN
3293:ISBN
3268:ISBN
3243:ISBN
2984:ISBN
2955:ISBN
2936:2020
2914:2020
2892:2020
2864:ISBN
2840:ISBN
2803:ISBN
2779:ISBN
2755:ISBN
2728:ISBN
2704:ISBN
2680:ISBN
2653:ISBN
2619:2008
2573:2020
2491:2018
2295:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2130:and
2083:and
2071:and
1835:and
1795:city
1793:and
1741:and
1739:kɔɪl
1731:hole
1729:and
1727:coal
1673:and
1663:Bury
1634:La3
1604:La7
1584:and
1574:La8
1552:Read
1548:La9
1525:La6
1428:La5
1379:La4
1356:La1
1333:La2
1227:aɪə
1097:and
946:and
793:and
753:Bury
554:and
530:and
510:and
459:The
257:IETF
4066:of
3212:doi
3154:doi
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