85:—to government-owned collective farms; it has also, in other times and places, referred to the exact opposite: division of government-owned collective farms into smallholdings. The common characteristic of all land reforms is modification or replacement of existing institutional arrangements governing possession and use of land. Thus, while land reform may be radical in nature, such as through large-scale transfers of land from one group to another, it can also be less dramatic, such as regulatory reforms aimed at improving land administration.
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many countries in Africa with conflicting land laws, AIDS stigmatization has led to an increasing number of AIDS widows being kicked off marital land by in-laws. While the woman may have both customary and statutory rights to the land, confusion over which set of laws has primacy, or even a lack of knowledge of relevant laws, leave many AIDS widows at a significant disadvantage. Also, conflicting formal and informal land laws can also clog a country's legal system, making it prone to corruption.
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in colonized states, a colonial government may have changed the laws dictating land ownership to better consolidate political power or to support its colonial economy. In more recent times, electoral mobilization and the use of land as a patronage resource have been proposed as possible motivations for land reform efforts, such as the extensive redistributive land reforms of Robert Mugabe in
Zimbabwe.
1065:, or through what is known as land tenure. Historically, in many parts of Africa for example, land was not owned by an individual, but rather used by an extended family or a village community. Different people in a family or community had different rights to access this land for different purposes and at different times. Such rights were often conveyed through oral history and not formally documented.
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Other arguments in support of land reform point to the need to alleviate conflicting land laws, particularly in former colonies, where formal and informal land systems may exist in tension with each other. Such conflicts can make marginalized groups vulnerable to further exploitation. For example, in
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Many of the arguments in support of land reform speak to its potentially positive social and economic outcomes. Yet, as mentioned previously, land reform is an intensely political process. Thus, many of those opposed to land reform are nervous as to the underlying motivations of those initiating the
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Land reform is a deeply political process and therefore many arguments for and against it have emerged. These arguments vary tremendously over time and place. In the twentieth century, many land reforms emerged from a particular political ideology, such as communism or socialism. In the 19th century
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Nonetheless, any revision or reform of a country's land laws can still be an intensely political process, as reforming land policies serves to change relationships within and between communities, as well as between communities and the state. Thus even small-scale land reforms and legal modifications
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Other groups and individuals express concerns about land reforms focused on formalization of property rights. While the economic and social benefits of formalized land rights are often touted, some research suggests that such reforms are either ineffective or may cause further hardship or conflict.
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Many international development organizations and bilateral and multilateral donors, such as the World Bank, have embraced de Soto's ideas, or similar ideas, about the benefits of greater formalized land rights. This has translated into a number of development programs that work with governments and
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These different ideas of land ownership and tenure are sometimes referred to using different terminology. For example, "formal" or "statutory" land systems refer to ideas of land control more closely affiliated with individual land ownership. "Informal" or "customary" land systems refer to ideas of
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In looking at more radical reforms, such as large-scale land redistribution, arguments against reform include concerns that redistributed land will not be used productively and that owners of expropriated land will not be compensated adequately or compensated at all. Zimbabwe, again, is a commonly
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And the great owners, who must lose their land in an upheaval, the great owners with access to history, with eyes to read history and to know the great fact: when property accumulates in too few hands it is taken away. And that companion fact: when a majority of the people are hungry and cold they
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Land ownership and tenure can be perceived as controversial in part because ideas defining what it means to access or control land, such as through "land ownership" or "land tenure", can vary considerably across regions and even within countries. Land reforms, which change what it means to control
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in 2000. The poor, he argues, are often unable to secure formal property rights, such as land titles, to the land on which they live or farm because of poor governance, corruption and/or overly complex bureaucracies. Without land titles or other formal documentation of their land assets, they are
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of land, particularly in regards to reforms focused on greater land formalization. If improperly or inadequately implemented, critics worry that such reforms may further disadvantage marginalized groups such as indigenous communities or women. These concerns also lead to questions about the
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Batty, Fodei Joseph. "Pressures from Above, Below and Both
Directions: The Politics of Land Reform in South Africa, Brazil and Zimbabwe". Western Michigan University. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association. Chicago, Illinois. April 7–10, 2005. p. 3.
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Western conceptions of land have evolved over the past several centuries to place greater emphasis on individual land ownership, formalized through documents such as land titles. Control over land may also be perceived less in terms of individual ownership and more in terms of
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Meinzen-Dick, Ruth, Markelova, Helen and Moore, Kelsey. "The Role of
Collective Action and Property Rights in Climate Change Strategies." International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2010. and Economic Commission for Africa. "Land Tenure Systems and their Impacts on
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less able to access formal credit. Political and legal reforms within countries, according to de Soto, will help to include the poor in formal legal and economic systems, increase the poor's ability to access credit and contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction.
70:, generally of agricultural land. Land reform can, therefore, refer to transfer of ownership from the more powerful to the less powerful, such as from a relatively small number of wealthy or noble owners with extensive land holdings (e.g., plantations, large ranches, or
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civil society organizations to initiate and implement land reforms. Evidence to support the economic and pro-poor benefits of increased formalized land rights are still inconclusive according to some critics (see "Arguments against land reform" below).
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Land reforms carried out in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea are credited with contributing to the industrial development. The equitable distribution of land led to increasing agricultural outputs, high rural purchasing power and social mobility.
1983:
Tettey, Wisdom, B. Gebe and K. Ansah-Koi. "The
Politics of Land and Land-related Conflicts in Ghana: A Summary." Land Policy Reform Project. Institute for Statistical, Social and Economic Research at the University of Ghana. 2008.
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reform. For example, some may fear that they will be disadvantaged or victimized as a result of the reforms. Others may fear that they will lose out in the economic and political power struggles that underlie many land reforms.
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cited example of the perils of such large-scale reforms, whereby land redistribution contributed to economic decline and increased food insecurity in the country. In cases where land reform has been enacted as part of
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institutional capacity of governments to implement land reforms as they are designed. Even if a country does have this capacity, critics worry that corruption and patrimonialism will lead to further
1987:
74:
plots) to individual ownership by those who work the land. Such transfers of ownership may be with or without compensation; compensation may vary from token amounts to the full value of the land.
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Land
Nationalisation: Its necessity and its aims: Being a comparison of the system of landlord and tenant with that of occupying ownership in their influence on the well-being of the people
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1932:
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Terms dictating control over and use of land can therefore take many forms. Some specific examples of present-day or historic forms of formal and informal land ownership include:
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and Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). "Land Tenure and Rural Development." FAO Land Tenure Studies No. 3. 2002. Accessed August 21, 2010. Available:
1188:, such as those that might be found in communist states, whereby government ownership of most agricultural land is combined in various ways with tenure for farming collectives.
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2075:. Nov/Dec 2001. Issue 127, pp. 78–79 and Nyamu Musembi, Celestine. "De Soto and Land Relations in rural Africa: breathing life into dead theories about property rights."
4327:
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Adams, Martin and J. Howell. "Redistributive Land Reform in
Southern Africa". Overseas Development Institute. DFID. Natural Resources Perspectives No. 64. January 2001.
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will take by force what they need. And the little screaming fact that sounds through all history: repression works only to strengthen and knit the repressed.
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1325:. In most countries, the land in excess of certain limits (20–500 ha (49–1,236 acres), depending on the region and type of land) was expropriated; in
1216:, that may emerge from reforms focused on greater land formalization. Such benefits may include eradicating food insecurity and alleviating rural poverty.
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1985:
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Rudzani Albert
Makhado and Kgabo Lawrance Masehela. (2012). Perspectives on South Africa's Land Reform Debate. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.
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land, therefore create tensions and conflicts between those who lose and those who gain from these redefinitions (see next section).
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Borras, Saturnino M. Jr. "The
Philippine Land form in Comparative Perspective: Some conceptual and Methodological Implications".
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of 1870–1909. Most all newly independent countries of
Eastern and Central Europe implemented land reforms in the aftermath of
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Agricultural labor – under which someone works the land in exchange for money, payment in kind, or some combination of the two
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2405:: An inquiry into the cause of industrial depressions and of increase of want with increase of wealth: the remedy", 1879.
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Kafmbe, Anthony Luyirika. "Access to Justice: Widows and the Institutions Regulating Succession to Property in Uganda."
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332:
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Cahill, Kevin. "Who Owns Britain: The Hidden Facts Behind Landownership in the UK and Ireland", Canongate Books, 2002.
2005:"World Resources 2005 -- the Wealth of the Poor: Managing ecosystems to fight poverty | World Resources Institute"
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1795:: Boone, Catherine. "Property and Constitutional Order: Land Tenure reform and the Future of the African State."
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Boone, Catherine. "Property and Constitutional Order: Land Tenure reform and the Future of the African State."
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2092:. August 2002. and Varley, Ann. "Gender and Property Formalization: Conventional and Alternative Approaches."
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Ho, Peter. (2006). "Institutions In Transition: Land Ownership, Property Rights and Social Conflict in China
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Ambasa-Shisanya, Constance. "Widowhood in the Era of HIV/AIDS: A Case Study of the Slaya District, Kenya."
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Global Food Security and Sovereignty Threatened by Corporate and Government “Land Grabs” in Poor Countries
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2212:
Cahill, Kevin. "Who Owns The World: The Hidden Facts Behind Landownership", Mainstream Publishing, 2006,
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Arguments in support of land reform focus on its potential social and economic benefits, particularly in
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Boone, Catherine and N. Kriger. "Multiparty elections and land patronage: Zimbabwe and Cote d'Ivoire."
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1263:, through either formal or informal means, then those that use the land will be better stewards of it.
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World Bank. "Regional Study on Land Administration, Land Markets, and Collateralized Lending." 2003.
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Drimie, Scott. "The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Land: Case Studies from Kenya, Lesotho and South Africa."
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2002:
World Resources Institute. "The Wealth of the Poor: Managing Ecosystems to Fight Poverty." 2005.
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Additional arguments against land reform focus on concerns over equity issues and potential
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Arguments in support of such reforms gained particular momentum after the publication of
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2188:"Can Formal Property Titling Programs Ensure Increased Business Investments and Growth?"
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Who Owns China's Land? Policies, Property Rights and Deliberate Institutional Ambiguity
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The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else
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The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else
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The Land Reform of 1919–1940: Lithuania and the Countries of East and Central Europe
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Berry, Sata. "Debating the land question in Africa." Johns Hopkins University. N.d.
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2293:, a publication of the Sustainable Development Department of the United Nations'
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Land reform may also entail the transfer of land from individual ownership—even
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The Invisible Line: Land Reform, Land Tenure Security and Land Registration
17:
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1801:
The Politics of Land Reform in Ghana: From Communal Tenure to Free Markets
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Land Research Action Network: News, Analysis, and Research on Land Reform
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66:. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed
2257:
Land Reform in Developing Countries: Property rights and property wrongs
1011:
30:"Land Question" redirects here. For the "land question" in Ireland, see
3828:
3595:
3195:
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1557:
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1326:
1303:, many of the arguments against collectivization more generally apply.
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2034:
How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region
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Traditional land tenure, as practiced by the indigenous tribes of
62:
involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding
27:
Changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership
2373:
Summary of "Efficiency and wellbeing for 80 years" by Tarmo Luoma
1739:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1991. and Smith, Adam.
3508:
2477:
2363:"Villager attitudes during the final decade of the Vietnam War"
1259:
of reform. For example, if reform leads to greater security of
1111:, this is the most complete ownership interest one can have in
3232:
2158:
Bernstein, H. (2002). "Land Reform: Taking a Long(er) View".
2266:
New York, Harcourt Brace & Company (1979). 3rd Edition.
2186:
Caralee McLiesh and Richard E. Messick, Moderators. (2004).
1255:
Additional arguments for land reform focus on the potential
2473:
2467:
1942:
Moore, Jina. "Africa's continental divide: land disputes."
1710:. Working Paper no. 02-13. May 2002. University of Hawaii.
1101:, hereditary, non-transferable ownership of real property.
2306:
Fanshen: A Documentary of Revolution in a Chinese Village
3309:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
2334:, The China Quarterly, Vol. 166, June 2001, pp. 387–414
1718:
1716:
1069:
land control more closely affiliated with land tenure.
2410:
Land Reform: Land Settlement and Cooperatives Bulletin
2201:. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN.
1695:
Local Politics and the Dynamics of Property in Africa
2412:. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN.
4341:
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2511:
2423:. School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University.
1329:, it was redeemed and placed into a special fund.
2421:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
2339:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
2287:"Land reform in rural China since the mid-1980s"
2470:- Securing land rights for the world's poorest.
1652:"Redistributive Land Reform in Southern Africa"
1218:
1095:, interest in real property that ends at death.
1918:Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction
89:may be subject to intense debate or conflict.
3520:
2489:
1876:and Sustainable Development in Africa." 2009.
1697:. Cambridge University Press: New York. 2008.
1037:
8:
1411:
1743:. Books 1—III. London: Penguin Books. 1999.
3527:
3513:
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2496:
2482:
2474:
1799:. 2007. 106: 557–86. and Manji, Ambreena.
1044:
1030:
102:
2367:"After the Cold War: Reassessing Vietnam"
1177:Access to land through a membership in a
2309:. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1966.
2057:"A chance to improve how Kenya is run."
1317:An early example of land reform was the
42:
4282:International Trade Union Confederation
1961:; Jul2006, Vol. 7 Issue 4, pp. 100–113.
1600:
870:International Trade Union Confederation
114:
4287:International Union of Socialist Youth
2365:. Presented at 1996 Vietnam Symposium
2071:Bourbeau, Heather, "Property Wrongs."
1844:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1837:
1662:Overseas Development Institute. DFID.
875:International Union of Socialist Youth
47:Farmers protesting for land reform in
2285:Fu Chen, Liming Wang and John Davis,
2199:Multilingual Thesaurus on Land Tenure
2108:. The World Bank, FAO and IFAD. 2009.
1972:Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS
1860:Commonwealth and Comparative Politics
1779:"Land Law." Law and Development. The
1397:Differential and absolute ground rent
7:
1382:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
2120:"From breadbasket to basket case."
1894:, Penguin, 2006, 0143039431, pg 238
1676:Ghana's Land Administration Project
1487:Land Reform in Developing Countries
900:Network of Social Democracy in Asia
2032:"Land: The Triumph of Gardening".
1770:. Ashgate: Burlington, 2003. p. 2.
1755:Food and Agriculture Organization.
25:
3581:Internationalist–defencist schism
2463:Land, Territory and Dignity Forum
2295:Food and Agriculture Organization
2106:Gender in Agriculture Source Book
2096:. October 2007. 35:10, 1739–1753.
2090:Food and Agriculture Organization
166:Internationalist–defencist schism
3646:
3476:
3475:
2417:U.S. and Third World Land Reform
1010:
996:
982:
122:
3618:Reformist–revolutionary dispute
2415:Krogh, Peter Frederic. (1986).
1421:Frente Unido de Reforma Agraria
1372:Concentration of land ownership
203:Reformist–revolutionary dispute
3041:Right of way (property access)
1907:. New York: Basic Books. 2000.
1708:"Land Tenure: An Introduction"
1664:Natural Resources Perspectives
1533:Nonpossessory interest in land
1:
3872:Socialism of the 21st century
1862:. 48,1 (April 2010): 173–202.
1650:Adams, Martin and J. Howell.
1623:. 6,1 (January 2006): 69–101.
465:Socialism of the 21st century
4292:Party of European Socialists
3750:Negative and positive rights
1974:. August 2007. 2:2, 606–615.
1803:. Zed Books: New York. 2006.
880:Party of European Socialists
333:Negative and positive rights
3347:Two Treatises of Government
2197:Ciparisse, GĂ©rard. (2003).
1737:Two Treatises of Government
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2160:Journal of Agrarian Change
1621:Journal of Agrarian Change
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1944:Christian Science Monitor
895:Young European Socialists
99:Land ownership and tenure
3705:Environmental protection
3399:The Great Transformation
2757:Labor theory of property
2264:Land and Labour in China
2079:. 2007. 28:8, 1457–1478.
1920:. The World Bank. 2003.
1357:Certificate of occupancy
1086:land ownership, through
283:Environmental protection
4302:Socialist International
3777:Revolutionary socialism
2968:Forest-dwelling (India)
2930:restraint on alienation
2710:Common good (economics)
2408:Groppo, Paolo. (1998).
2180:10.1111/1471-0366.00042
1493:Land reforms by country
1313:Land reforms by country
1199:Property redistribution
890:Socialist International
360:Revolutionary socialism
68:property redistribution
39:Land reforms by country
3862:Evolutionary socialism
3407:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
3181:Primitive accumulation
3036:Right of way (transit)
2821:Tragedy of the commons
2703:fictitious commodities
2440:Wallace, Alfred Russel
2426:Goodman, Amy. (2010).
2419:. American Interests.
1753:"What is land tenure?"
1538:Profit (real property)
1412:
1257:environmental benefits
1239:by Peruvian economist
1233:
455:Evolutionary socialism
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3797:Social market economy
3735:Left-wing nationalism
3561:Frankfurt Declaration
3460:The Wealth of Nations
3440:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3432:The Ethics of Liberty
2077:Third World Quarterly
2036:. Grove Press. 2014.
1783:. February 23, 2007.
1741:The Wealth of Nations
1726:. 2007. 106: 557–586.
1666:No. 64. January 2001.
1543:Real estate appraisal
380:Social market economy
318:Left-wing nationalism
146:Frankfurt Declaration
93:Land usage and tenure
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4435:Wealth concentration
4297:Progressive Alliance
3852:Democratic socialism
3556:Age of Enlightenment
3323:Progress and Poverty
2657:Common-pool resource
2403:Progress and Poverty
1946:. January 30, 2010.
1916:Deininger, Klaus W.
1214:developing countries
1174:Collective ownership
1017:Socialism portal
989:Economics portal
885:Progressive Alliance
445:Democratic socialism
141:Age of Enlightenment
4425:Agricultural policy
4415:Land administration
4152:Liebknecht (father)
3628:Revolutions of 1848
3446:The Social Contract
3134:population transfer
3051:prior-appropriation
2730:homestead principle
2172:2002JAgrC...2..433B
2134:Gediminas Vaskela.
1959:Human Rights Review
1903:De Soto, Hernando.
1887:The Grapes of Wrath
1764:Dekker, Henri A.L.
1446:Land Acts (Ireland)
1436:Homestead principle
1362:Chinese Land Reform
1228:The Grapes of Wrath
1003:Politics portal
750:Liebknecht (father)
407:Structural violence
298:Institutional abuse
213:Revolutions of 1848
32:Land Acts (Ireland)
4366:Types of socialism
4355:The Internationale
3787:Social corporatism
3638:Welfare capitalism
3426:Murray N. Rothbard
2737:Free-rider problem
2291:Land Reform 1998/2
2141:2012-03-22 at the
1990:2020-03-07 at the
1706:La Croix, Sumner.
1681:2011-07-21 at the
1658:2009-12-05 at the
1638:2009-12-05 at the
1481:Land consolidation
1367:Citizen's Dividend
1340:Adverse possession
968:Types of socialism
957:The Internationale
370:Social corporatism
223:Welfare capitalism
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3867:Liberal socialism
3857:Ethical socialism
3633:Utopian socialism
3571:Godesberg Program
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3206:human trafficking
3191:Regulatory taking
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2301:William H. Hinton
2259:, Routledge, 2009
2094:World Development
1693:Lund, Christian.
1271:Arguments against
1148:Well-Field System
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460:Liberal socialism
450:Ethical socialism
218:Utopian socialism
156:Godesberg Program
151:French Revolution
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2011:on 2011-08-07
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1827:on 2012-01-13
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338:Progressivism
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323:Mixed economy
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83:smallholdings
81:ownership in
80:
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58:is a form of
57:
50:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3730:Labor rights
3724:
3613:Nordic model
3586:Keynesianism
3487:Property law
3458:
3444:
3430:
3411:
3397:
3393:Karl Polanyi
3373:
3369:Marcel Mauss
3359:
3345:
3336:David Harvey
3321:
3317:Henry George
3307:
3298:Ronald Coase
3288:
3273:
3219:wife selling
3201:bride buying
3160:
3139:repatriation
3121:
3072:Disposession
3026:
2915:Property law
2890:
2886:Forest types
2856:
2848:
2837:Applications
2767:rent-seeking
2752:Gift economy
2610:Intellectual
2431:
2376:
2361:Mark Moyar.
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2105:
2101:
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2013:. Retrieved
2009:the original
1998:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1943:
1938:
1927:
1917:
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1899:
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1829:. Retrieved
1822:the original
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1503:Land titling
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1451:Land banking
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1008:
994:
980:
313:Labor rights
307:
198:Nordic model
171:Keynesianism
87:
76:
72:agribusiness
55:
54:
4440:Plantations
4410:Land reform
3824:Tripartisme
3819:Trade union
3725:Land reform
3606:Revisionist
3361:Das Kapital
3248:progressive
3238:inheritance
3161:Land reform
2935:real estate
2910:Land tenure
2898:Inheritance
2826:anticommons
2762:Law of rent
2742:Game theory
2672:Information
2652:Common land
2549:Cooperative
2375:on site of
1563:Speculation
1548:Restitution
1513:Manorialism
1498:Land tenure
1387:Common land
1323:World War I
1186:collectives
1184:Government
1179:cooperative
1093:Life estate
412:Trade union
308:Land reform
191:Revisionist
56:Land reform
18:Land Reform
4404:Categories
4257:Woodsworth
4082:Hilferding
3942:Betancourt
3932:Ben-Gurion
3807:Capitalism
3782:Secularism
3715:Gradualism
3710:Fair trade
3678:Industrial
3492:by country
3454:Adam Smith
3341:John Locke
3005:indigenous
3000:aboriginal
2920:alienation
2615:indigenous
2605:Intangible
2519:Collective
2442:. (1882).
2353:1292686440
2245:1015469648
2207:9251042837
2192:World Bank
2015:2010-12-02
1831:2010-12-02
1781:World Bank
1595:References
1456:Land claim
1197:See also:
1193:Motivation
1109:common law
1105:Fee simple
670:Hilferding
535:Betancourt
525:Ben-Gurion
417:Tripartism
390:Capitalism
365:Secularism
293:Gradualism
288:Fair trade
261:Industrial
37:See also:
4361:Socialism
4349:Communism
4316:By region
4262:Zhordania
4202:Plekhanov
4167:MacDonald
4162:Luxemburg
4057:Gaitskell
4017:Daszyński
3977:Callaghan
3937:Bernstein
3877:Third Way
3812:Socialism
3770:Socialism
3760:Reformism
3695:Dirigisme
3668:Democracy
3623:Socialism
3355:Karl Marx
3156:Land Back
3107:Enclosure
3090:biopiracy
3028:Bergregal
3010:squatting
2784:Ownership
2698:Commodity
2677:Knowledge
2588:By nature
2544:Customary
2534:Community
2396:935209055
2379:magazine.
2323:258568918
2280:709358069
2226:746882317
1588:Zapatismo
1568:Squatting
1523:Mutualism
1407:Enclosure
1298:socialist
1153:Easements
1119:Leasehold
963:Socialism
951:Communism
912:By region
850:Zhordania
795:Plekhanov
765:MacDonald
760:Luxemburg
645:Gaitskell
605:Daszyński
570:Callaghan
530:Bernstein
470:Third Way
395:Socialism
353:Socialism
343:Reformism
273:Dirigisme
251:Democracy
208:Socialism
49:Indonesia
4227:Stauning
4147:LĂ©vesque
4132:Lassalle
4112:Kerensky
4102:Katayama
4067:González
4002:Crosland
3982:Cárdenas
3967:Branting
3897:Ambedkar
3844:Variants
3673:Economic
3656:Concepts
3601:Orthodox
3576:Humanism
3482:Property
3375:The Gift
3274:key work
3269:Scholars
3253:property
3210:spousal
3176:Poaching
3112:Eviction
3056:riparian
3017:Littoral
2925:easement
2903:executor
2874:literary
2799:usufruct
2747:Georgism
2627:Tangible
2622:Personal
2529:Communal
2512:By owner
2505:Property
2139:Archived
1988:Archived
1840:cite web
1679:Archived
1656:Archived
1636:Archived
1578:Usufruct
1471:Land law
1431:Georgism
1333:See also
1224:—
1167:Satoyama
1107:. Under
1099:Fee tail
1088:fiefdoms
1063:land use
820:Stauning
745:LĂ©vesque
730:Lassalle
710:Kerensky
700:Katayama
690:Jumblatt
655:González
590:Crosland
575:Cárdenas
560:Branting
490:Ambedkar
439:Variants
256:Economic
235:Concepts
186:Orthodox
161:Humanism
108:a series
106:Part of
4342:Related
4328:Germany
4323:Austria
4247:Whitlam
4237:Den Uyl
4217:Sanders
4212:Russell
4182:Morales
4172:Mandela
4107:Kautsky
4092:Jenkins
4072:Goulart
4027:Douglas
3917:Awolowo
3902:Allende
3829:Welfare
3688:Marxist
3596:Marxism
3547:History
3290:The Law
3196:Slavery
3022:Mineral
2990:Hunting
2983:pannage
2978:Grazing
2963:Fishing
2849:Acequia
2816:Rivalry
2804:women's
2662:Digital
2644:Commons
2579:Unowned
2554:Private
2468:Landesa
2168:Bibcode
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1327:Finland
1158:Kibbutz
1143:rundale
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923:Germany
918:Austria
840:Whitlam
830:Den Uyl
810:Sanders
805:Russell
770:Mandela
705:Kautsky
685:Jenkins
660:Goulart
615:Douglas
510:Awolowo
495:Allende
422:Welfare
181:Marxism
134:History
79:peasant
4252:Wilson
4232:Thomas
4222:Savage
4187:Myrdal
4137:Layton
4117:KĂ©thly
4097:Junmai
4087:Jaurès
4077:Hardie
4062:Gandhi
4052:Fraser
4047:Engels
4042:Ecevit
4012:Curtin
4007:Corbyn
3987:Chávez
3962:Brandt
3947:Bhutto
3912:Attlee
3907:Ardern
3888:People
3171:Piracy
3123:Farhud
2951:Rights
2892:Huerta
2864:Estate
2686:Theory
2667:Global
2569:Social
2559:Public
2524:Common
2394:
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2343:
2321:
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2278:
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2243:
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2205:
2040:
1162:moshav
1129:common
1123:rental
1084:Feudal
845:Wilson
825:Thomas
815:Savage
780:Myrdal
735:Layton
715:KĂ©thly
695:Junmai
680:Jaurès
665:Hardie
650:Gandhi
640:Fraser
635:Engels
630:Ecevit
600:Curtin
595:Corbyn
555:Brandt
540:Bhutto
505:Attlee
500:Ardern
483:People
51:, 2004
4207:Prodi
4197:Palme
4192:Nehru
4142:Lenin
4127:Lagos
4037:Ebert
4032:Drees
3997:Craxi
3992:Clark
3972:Brown
3957:Blanc
3952:Blair
3927:Bebel
3260:Theft
3046:Water
2940:title
2869:legal
2857:Ejido
2595:Croft
2574:State
2539:Crown
1890:, by
1825:(PDF)
1818:(PDF)
800:Prodi
790:Palme
785:Nehru
740:Lenin
725:Lagos
675:İnönü
625:Ebert
620:Drees
585:Craxi
580:Clark
565:Brown
550:Blanc
545:Blair
520:Bebel
4242:Webb
4177:Marx
4122:Kirk
4022:Debs
3765:Left
3243:poll
3226:wage
2995:Land
2879:real
2632:real
2564:Self
2392:OCLC
2384:ISBN
2377:TEHO
2349:OCLC
2341:ISBN
2319:OCLC
2311:ISBN
2276:OCLC
2268:ISBN
2241:OCLC
2233:ISBN
2222:OCLC
2214:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2038:ISBN
1846:link
1160:and
1141:and
835:Webb
775:Marx
720:Kirk
610:Debs
348:Left
3233:Tax
2958:Air
2176:doi
1121:or
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