Land reform in interwar Yugoslavia

22: 477:

by mixing their populations; and it was meant to reduce emigration from Yugoslavia by providing an opportunity people otherwise living in overpopulated areas where land was scarce. The colonisation process was to favour "nationally conscious", "reliable men", primarily referring to Serbs. The majority of the colonists, 76% of them, were drawn from Serbia and Montenegro. Further 11% came from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Authorities determined that the colonists were to be settled in specifically designated areas to avoid their dispersion in areas of their settlement. The restriction was imposed in pursuit of the objective of ethnic homogenisation of ethnically mixed areas in border regions.

395: 461: 632: 127: 608:

to manage the reform in Vojvodina and establishment of 130 new villages. The bureaucrats were replacement for the purged ethnic Hungarian and German officials. The reform also led to an increase of the proportion of Serbs in the total population of Vojvodina from 34% to 38% between 1910 and 1930. At the same time, Hungarians and Germans lost their privileged status in the region, while Serbs received privileges instead. According to historian

426:(the northern part of the pre-World War I Serbia) from the land reform. Instead, the territory was taken as the desired model of peasant land ownership. There, the feudal relations were abolished in 1833 and small free peasant-owned plots were created. That led to portrayals of the Serbian countryside as the "peasant paradise" defying the laws of capitalist economy and imparting national identity on the peasant landowners. The region of 310: 600:. The scheme envisaged that the German population would be useful in promoting culture, technical and professional knowledge among the rest of the population. However, applications for award of plots through the land reform submitted by Hungarians and Germans were normally disregarded. Instead, by 1924, in the period when it was possible to opt to leave Yugoslavia and go to the "mother" country, about 30,000 791:

could only take place with consent of the landowners until a further agreement is finalised. That came about on 19 May 1939, providing that provisions of Yugoslav law applied equally to Italian citizens who owned land in Yugoslavia—except that they were exempt from taxation of compensation paid for the expropriated land and allowed to take the compensation out of the country either as securities or cash.

739: 333:. The manifesto was also in line with the November 1918 declaration of the National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Faced with the civil unrest associated with the Green Cadres, the National Council promised land to every peasant. New Yugoslav authorities feared unrest that might be caused by former soldiers returning to impoverished homes after the war, especially the former 795:

estates would be compensated in government bonds nominally worth 400 million dinars. The bonds were to be redeemed over 30 years and charged to the recipients of the land together with an interest and taxes. Other recipients of the land were required to pay a portion of the estimated value of the land immediately, and the rest over 10 years.

325:

that will be "only God's and theirs". Two weeks later, on 6 January 1919, the Regent Alexander published a manifesto declaring his wish for an urgent and just agrarian reform. The Regent Alexander's manifesto was in line with the declaration of the Serbian government made in February 1917, after the defeat in the World War I

386:(the interim legislative) endorsed the Interim Decree without any discussion. The ministry argued that the urgency of the matter did not allow for the regular procedure. Until 1931, the reform was based on ministerial decisions and decrees. That year, legislation was enacted concluding the land reform. 654:

Colonisation and redistribution resumed in South Serbia after the war. During the course of the interwar land reform, 231,099 hectares (571,060 acres) were expropriated and distributed to 48,261 families. The area comprised more than a third of the total agricultural land in the province. Half of the

531:

attacked Muslim farmers and landowners. By mid-1919, about 2,000 Muslims were killed, more than 4,000 families driven from their homes and 400,000 hectares (990,000 acres) of land seized. The Muslims were targeted not only as landowners, but also because of their ethnicity. The authorities recognised

522:

to purchase land from landowners, offering them loans for the purpose. However, the scheme produced little since the funds made available were inadequate at least until 1910. A census of taken in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1895 recorded 88,970 serf families. By 1914, approximately 42,500 serf families

476:

who argued that colonisation is necessary for the reform to happen at all. The colonisation had a number of direct objectives. One was to increase proportion of South Slavic population in areas home to significant non-Slavic populations; it was to facilitate amalgamation of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

803:

In the course of the Yugoslav interwar land reform, 1,924,307 hectares (4,755,070 acres) of land was expropriated and distributed to 614,603 families. The reform distributed the land previously managed as Muslim properties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, present-day Kosovo and North Macedonia, and in the

607:

In Vojvodina, estates exceeding 320 hectares (790 acres) were subject to expropriation and redistribution under the reform. This resulted in seizure of 222,707 hectares (550,320 acres) of land, distributed to 100,004 families. The process involved hiring of 16,000 additional (largely Serb) officials

790:

blocked treaty ratification until 1928. Through the treaty, Italy and Yugoslavia reached an interim agreement on the method of expropriation of Italian-owned land in Dalmatia encompassing approximately 13,000 hectares (32,000 acres). The agreement stipulated that expropriation of Italian-owned land

765:

and various other types of tenancy resembling feudal or pre-feudal systems remained in place. In early 1920s, more than 40% of arable land in Dalmatia was worked by landless peasants through application of such tenancy relations. Following the royal manifesto of January 1919 and the Interim Decree,

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South Slavs moving to the country from Hungary. In practice, preference in distribution of land to local population was given to supporters of the central government. The bulk of the interwar colonisation in Croatia-Slavonia took place between 1919 and 1924, against the backdrop of the Green Cadres

324:

was one of the first steps taken by the authorities of the newly established Yugoslavia. On 24 December 1918, within four weeks following proclamation of Yugoslavia, Regent Alexander issued a declaration asking peasants to calmly wait for the state to settle the agrarian question and give them land

811:

The accompanying process of colonisation was poorly organised and led to legal uncertainty regarding the colonists' rights and inability of the colonists to run productive farms due to lack of farming knowledge and experience or award of unsuitable land. The central role of the colonisation in the

616:

was encouraged and pursued by the Yugoslav government as a means of strengthening the government's control over Vojvodina and to lessen the influence of minorities. State secretary Slavko Šećerov claimed in 1930, that the main objective of the reform in Vojvodina was to ruin the wealthy non-Slavic

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region where they killed Muslims and looted property. Yugoslav military deployed troops to curb such attacks, but killings continued into mid-1920s. The conflicts related to implementation of the land reform increasingly took on the character of an ethnic, anti-Muslim struggle. This was especially

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at the time, marked by gradual development of agricultural relations rather than revolutionary change. The land reform was touted as the foundation of social concord, the source of power of the state and the source of prosperity of the people, critical for peace in the country. It became a “sacred

662:

About 10,000 armed Albanians resisted Yugoslav rule through the unsuccessful rebellion of the Kaçak Movement. In response, in January and February 1919, government troops killed more than 6,000 people and destroyed more than 3,800 houses in Kosovo. The Yugoslav government planned to settle 50,000

526:

Approximately two thirds of the land encompassed by the interwar land reform were located in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 1,175,305 hectares (2,904,240 acres), representing 23% of the total territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was expropriated for redistribution. Overall, 1,286,227 hectares

430:

was particularly glorified as the land of simple "illitierate peasants" where an idigenous land ownership model existed, unlike foreign-invented ones found elsewhere in the country. In reality, the Serbian agricultural sector was highly dependent on government aid and its production presented an

419:

question” in the politics. Scientific and economic justifications for the reform were made even though there were no scientific analyses. Critics arguing that small plots would not be economically viable or prosperous were discredited politically as anti-social, anti-cultural, and anti-national.

99:

Implementation of the land reform relied largely on the Interim Decree on the Preparation of the Agrarian Reform promulgated in 1919, supplemented by a number of ministerial-level orders and regulations. An act regulating the reform was enacted in 1931. The reform and colonisation were conducted

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In Dalmatia, a total of 50,000 hectares (120,000 acres) of land was expropriated and distributed to 96,953 families through the land reform. The former landowners received compensation in different forms. Dalmatia-specific legislation enacted in 1930 and 1931 determined that the owners of large

434:

According to historian Srđan Milošević, the Šumadija countryside was not selected because it was a particularly successful role-model, but because it was customary to extend solutions previously applied in Serbia to Yugoslavia. This was a product of Serbia's political position in the process of

492:'s delta in Dalmatia. Such cases were made legal by the order of the minister of agrarian reform, recognising such claims of land occupied by the end of 1923. Furthermore, Yugoslav citizens resettling from Hungary or Romania were recognised as the beneficiaries of the reform and awarded land. 75:

volunteers, landless peasants resettled from poorer parts of the country, Yugoslav citizens moving to the country from neighbouring countries, and even those who usurped agricultural land on their own initiative and without any formal authorisation. Preference was given to the volunteers and

439:

regardless of opposition from the majority of non-Serbs. As Serbian politicians insisted on political continuity between pre-unification Serbia and Yugoslavia, Serbian institutions and practices, including the land ownership, were extended to the entire Yugoslavia. Contemporaries like

691:

During the interwar Yugoslav land reform, 110,577 hectares (273,240 acres) were expropriated and distributed to 99,908 families in Croatia-Slavonia. Agricultural estates exceeding 150 hectares (370 acres) and 200 hectares (490 acres) were subject to redistribution in the regions of

642:

The territories acquired by Serbia through the Balkan Wars (subsequently organised as the province of South Serbia) had a non-Serb majority. In 1912–1914, until the outbreak of the World War I, Serbian authorities repressed the non-Serb majority and embarked upon a campaign of

812:

land reform was the result of Yugoslav government's desire to pursue ethnic politics through ethnic and cultural consolidation of national territory. Alignment of socio-economical issues with ethnic affiliations contributed to ethnicisation of Yugoslav politics.

708:

Expropriation of the large estates contributed to the weakening of the political power of landowners. Approximately one half of the land was distributed to the local population, while the remainder was given to colonists arriving from Bosnia and Herzegovina,

659:. At the same time, 200,000–300,000 Muslim Albanians and Turks emigrated from Sandžak and Kosovo to Albania and Turkey due to violence and persecution. Between 1918 and 1921, the Albanian population in the territory of present-day Kosovo nearly halved. 591:

on 21 April 1920, prompted the Yugoslav authorities to deploy 20,000 troops to the area to quell the area. There were proposals to make it possible for the Vojvodina's German population to receive land through the reform, but only in areas south of the

583:) as well as the Serbs. Yugoslav authorities confiscated many Hungarian-owned farms and turned the land over to Serbs. The move left many homeless. At the same time, the authorities closed down all primary and secondary schools in Vojvodina teaching in 781:

between Italy and Yugoslavia on 20 July 1925 further complicated agrarian issues in Dalmatia. The treaty secured the rights of the Italian minority in Yugoslavia without providing for reciprocal rights of Croat and Slovene minorities in Italy, and the

774:, the territory promised by the treaty was occupied by Italy until 1923. Difficult economic situation in Dalmatia caused more than 15,000 people to emigrate to the United States, Canada, South America, Australia, and New Zealand between 1920 and 1928. 766:

peasants largely stopped paying any rent for the land in breach of their contracts, believing they would become the owners of the land. However, application of the Interim Decree was suspended in Dalmatia by the provincial government on request of the

268:. In practice, Serbs dominated the government which became highly centralised. Parts of the country saw civil unrest, looting by armed groups, and revolutionary movements. In Croatia-Slavonia and in Vojvodina, those were largely associated with the 559:. Only 10% of the expected amount was paid. The interwar land reform weakened the existing political and intellectual elite of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Muslim population, while strengthening the position of the Christian population in the land. 56:

Approximately two thirds of the land expropriated and distributed by the land reform was located on the territory of the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. All parts of the country were subject to the reform, except the territory of the former

770:. The reason for the suspension was the unresolved status of Dalmatia regarding the award promised to Italy through the Treaty of London as an incentive to join the Allies. While the Italo-Yugoslav border was settled in 1920 through the 700:

respectively. According to Croatian economist Ivan Mandić, approximately 40,000 colonists arrived to Slavonia alone in the period. The reform meant expropriation of agricultural land granted by the former Austro-Hungarian authorities in

532:

peasants forcefully usurping land as beneficiaries of the reform. Such policy also led to conflicts with the army as peasants usurped parts of military training grounds. There were numerous incursions from Montenegro into

373:

unsuccessfully argued against the compensations as "parliamentary and judicial nonsense". Two political parties having the most seats in the National Assembly supported the land reform, but had different approaches. The

667:, but only 4,200 colonist households were established in the region. The colonisation of Vardar Macedonia was opposed by the IMRO through guerrilla warfare. As a consequence, the province was garrisoned by about 50,000 364:

of large estates and redistribution of land to those who had none, giving preference to the veterans. It further prescribed that the former owners of the land would be compensated, except if they are related to the

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landowners while other aspects were of secondary importance. In the process, Vojvodina's agricultural production declined. In the 1920s, the number of cattle and pigs in the region dropped by more than 40%.

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The agrarian issue was raised in the politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina since the 19th century. The nature of the local land ownership and management system stemmed from the Ottoman heritage. Therefore, the

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constituted nearly 24% and 9% of the population respectively. The first Yugoslav government considered the three groups three "tribes" of a single nation in line with the ideology of the integral

552:

Former landowners were promised compensation in the amount of 255 million dinars paid over a 40-year period along with 6% interest. The payments started only in 1936 and stopped in 1941 with the

112:

and relations with the Italian minority and enjoyment of property rights of Italian citizens in Yugoslavia. The reform and colonisation contributed to ethnicisation of politics in Yugoslavia.

21: 68:). A total of 1,924,307 hectares (4,755,070 acres) of land was redistributed through the reform. More than 600,000 families received land plots through implementation of the reform. 472:

Strengthening of the "national element" was made an integral part of the land reform in interwar Yugoslavia. A strong proponent of this development was the interior minister

410:, the government committed "a range of revolutionary acts" and went against its principles as it feared unrest among the peasants or even a revolution. Conversely, economist 480:

In addition to the state-organised colonisation, in the early years of the land reform, there were cases of usurpation of land. Some sources refer to such population as the

527:(3,178,340 acres) were distributed to 249,580 families. Implementation of the reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina was accompanied by widespread inter-ethnic violence as the 76:

supporters of the Yugoslav authorities. The colonisation process was used by the Yugoslav authorities as a means of ethnic engineering, seeking to increase proportion of

2389: 356:) of 25 February 1919. The decree determined that the land belongs to the one who tills it as the ideological basis for the reform. It also prescribed abolition of 219: 345:

frist hand. The main objective of the land reform appeared to be forging a closer tie between peasantry and the monarchy, reducing the likelihood of a revolution.

289: 155: 131: 101: 452:. In a speech of 16 March 1919, the Regent Alexander asked for urgent land reform by application of the Serbian ownership model to other parts of Yugoslavia. 225:

The provinces of Yugoslavia enjoyed different levels of development and had different legislation in place. The Slovene Lands were organised similarly to the

441: 41:. The reform's proclaimed social ideal was that the land belongs to those who work it. An unrealistically idyllic image of Serbian villages in the region of 651:

to flee to Bulgaria. In 1914, Serbia embarked upon the organised colonisation of the territories corresponding to present-day Kosovo and North Macedonia.

518:

did not bring about substantial changes in legislation or practice of land ownership. At the same time, Austro-Hungarian authorities made it possible for

2325: 352:, the most significant piece of legislation for the land reform in interwar Yugoslavia was the Interim Decree on the Preparation of the Agrarian Reform ( 2208:

Repe, Božo (2024). "The Slovenes and the Controversy Over Borders with Italy and Austria after the First World War". In Bianchini, Stefano (ed.).

2380: 2198: 2027: 1879: 1800: 1732: 672: 635: 542: 147: 34: 1778:[The Agrarian Reform After the First World War and the Greek Catholic Diocese (Review of the Implementation in Northern Croatia)]. 100:

against the backdrop of ethnic violence against Moslem population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Kosovo, guerilla warfare waged by the

2104:

Portmann, Michael (2016). "'Ethnic cleansing' in peacetime? Yugoslav/Serb colonization projects in Vojvodina in the twentieth century".

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were widespread in Bosnia and Herzegovina, South Serbia, as well as in Dalmatia. Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as South Serbia drew on

163: 45:

was touted as the model of national awareness and peasant liberty sought by the reform. The reform was aimed at dismantling remnants of

1864:

Grgić, Stipica (2020). "The kingdom of diversity and paternalism: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia, 1918–1941". In

2420: 382:

demanded full compensation for expropriated private property. In April 1919, the Ministry of Agrarian Reform was established and the

2251: 2223: 2174: 1903: 567:

Colonisation of Vojvodina, a territory that passed from Hungarian to Serbian (and subsequently Yugoslav) control following the 1918

383: 1928: 2041:[Ideological Foundations of Land Reform and Colonization in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes: National Aspect]. 71:

Internal colonisation was a significant element of the land reform. It consisted of awarding the expropriated land to colonists—

727: 626: 538: 369:. Initially, the reform was led by the Ministry of Social Affairs. Social affairs minister and co-author of the Interim Decree 2435: 2243: 2237: 2209: 1869: 655:

expropriated land was distributed to the local population, while the other half went to colonists, mostly ethnic Serbs and

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heritage, but there were differences in various parts of those territories as well. Parts of Dalmatia were occupied by the

2139:[Agrarian Reform and Industrialization in the Kingdom of SCS – Land Property of Đorđe Dunđerski: the Case Study]. 375: 199: 2430: 2425: 2106: 808:

and other large estates in former Austro-Hungarian lands: Vojvodina, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia and the Slovene Lands.

2160: 211: 229:(Austrian) part of the former Austria-Hungary, while Croatia-Slavonia had been previously linked more closely to the 171: 85: 394: 2083:[Legal and Historical Context of the Agrarian Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the First World War]. 648: 1776:"Agrarna reforma poslije Prvog svjetskog rata i Grkokatolička biskupija: osvrt na provedbu u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj" 571:, was a significant element of the interwar land reform in Yugoslavia. The region was predominantly inhabited by 379: 313: 273: 151: 135: 1948:[The Basic Characteristics of Colonisation Processes on the Territory of Yugoslavia from 1918 to 1948]. 473: 465: 771: 488:). Most such cases were observed in the north of the country (Vojvodina and Croatia-Slavonia), but also in the 2008:

Milošević, Srđan (2010). "The Agrarian Reform – A 'Divine Thing'". In Müller, Dietmar; Harre, Angela (eds.).

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to churches, schools, hospitals, and libraries in Croatia depriving such institutions of independent income.

1848: 680: 679:

region of Bulgaria. In Sandžak, there was also violence against the Muslim civilian population, such as the

546: 246: 631: 1812: 787: 730:. In late 1920s and in 1930s, a portion of the expropriated land was returned to the original landowners. 556: 436: 423: 121: 58: 154:

on 1 December 1918. The proclamation was made in response to a petition presented by a delegation of the

2354:[Realisation of Agrarian Reform and Actions of Brigand Units in Herzegovina after World War I]. 2166: 767: 568: 175: 460: 2415: 1992: 757:

abolished serfdom in the mid-19th century, but it exempted Dalmatia from the reform. The practice of

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that provided an interim solution for extension of the land reform to Italian citizens in Yugoslavia.

609: 449: 342: 77: 2011:

Rural History Yearbook / Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes: Transforming Rural Societies

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spoke of Serbia's destiny to give direction to the new state as its unifying power, comparing it to

2215: 668: 613: 215: 2352:"Sprovođenje agrarne reforme i djelovanje komitskih četa u Hercegovini nakon Prvog svjetskog rata" 1889: 1836: 584: 330: 293: 230: 72: 2137:"Аграрна реформа и индустријализација у Краљевини СХС – студија случаја поседа Ђорђа Дунђерског" 2039:"Национални аспект дебате о аграрној реформи и колонизацији у Краљевини СХС (1919–1920. године)" 2009: 717:

regions of Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, and Montenegro. Some of the colonists were refugees from

514:, while the peasants working the land were largely Christians. Austro-Hungarian occupation and 2393: 2359: 2338: 2334: 2307: 2282: 2247: 2233: 2219: 2194: 2170: 2144: 2123: 2092: 2067: 2046: 2023: 1996: 1967: 1932: 1899: 1875: 1852: 1824: 1787: 805: 778: 746: 366: 167: 65: 2274: 2184: 2156: 2115: 2015: 1957: 1865: 1816: 783: 742: 664: 370: 334: 326: 126: 109: 2162:

Social Currents in Eastern Europe: The Sources and Consequences of the Great Transformation

1893: 675:. By 1923, the IMRO built a force of more than 9,000, relying on bases in the neighbouring 256:

were the most numerous among them accounting for almost 39% of inhabitants of the country.

2371: 754: 693: 676: 601: 576: 411: 349: 281: 203: 191: 93: 38: 1985:

Ekonomski vjesnik: Review of Contemporary Entrepreneurship, Business, and Economic Issues

1803:[Colonization in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia 1918–1941.)]. 2351: 2136: 2059: 2038: 1840: 644: 515: 415: 338: 238: 2409: 762: 361: 207: 50: 656: 553: 528: 269: 242: 226: 159: 2119: 2188: 2081:"Pravno-historijski kontekst agrarne reforme u BiH poslije Prvog svjetskog rata" 1915:"Contribution to the Background of the Ethnic Conflicts in the Carpathian Basin" 533: 427: 407: 399: 321: 309: 265: 195: 179: 62: 42: 2321:"Agrarian Reform in Eastern Europe Following World War I: Motives and Outcomes" 1946:"Osnovne značajke kolonizacijskih procesa na jugoslavenskom prostoru 1918–1948" 53:

in parts of the country, as well as at breaking up large agricultural estates.

2265:[The Agrarian Question in Dalmatia Between the Two Wars (1918—1941)]. 1919: 722: 702: 572: 183: 2397: 2363: 2342: 2311: 2286: 2148: 2127: 2096: 2071: 2050: 2000: 1971: 1936: 1856: 1828: 1791: 671:

troops, gendarmes, military police, and armed members of the state-sponsored

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were presented as the idyllic role-model for the entire Yugoslav countryside.

277: 234: 758: 738: 202:. The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was organised in areas of former 2211:

Italy, Yugoslavia, and the Controversy Over the Adriatic Region, 1915-1920

1820: 252:

No ethnic group constituted the majority of population of Yugoslavia. The

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region of Sandžak. It also parceled out the land previously owned by the

697: 588: 445: 285: 261: 150:(subsequently renamed Yugoslavia) was established by proclamation of the 139: 105: 2143:(in Serbian) (2). Belgrade: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije: 93–120. 2019: 1914: 1841:"The Ethnicization of Agrarian Reforms: The Case of Interwar Yugoslavia" 604:-speaking residents and approximately 45,000 Hungarians left Vojvodina. 2375: 2320: 2045:(in Serbian) (2). Belgrade: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije: 53–74. 580: 511: 507: 489: 357: 108:, the reform was delayed by the question of unresolved border with the 46: 718: 714: 597: 360:

where it and similar relations existed. The decree also provided for

257: 245:

attempting to enforce the Italian territorial award made through the

187: 89: 587:. Civil unrest during 1919 and a Hungarian uprising in the city of 25:

Provinces of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918–1922

1590: 1588: 1586: 737: 630: 459: 393: 308: 253: 125: 81: 20: 2190:

The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005

1962: 1945: 2278: 710: 593: 519: 2295: 2262: 1980: 1775: 182:. Additions of Vojvodina and Montenegro followed annexation of 2080: 1420: 1418: 1040: 1038: 2358:(in Bosnian) (38). Sarajevo: Institut za istoriju: 121–143. 2064:

Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego „Studia i Prace”

1573: 1571: 468:

argued for internal colonisation along with the land reform.

33:

was a process of redistribution of agricultural land in the

316:

called on a land reform in his manifesto of 6 January 1919.

2376:"Urban Thinkers and Peasant Policy in Yugoslavia, 1918-59" 1357: 1355: 1342: 1340: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 965: 963: 961: 2298:[Colonization in Croatia Between 1919 and 1941]. 2263:"Agrarno pitanje u Dalmaciji između dva rata (1918—1941)" 2066:(38). Warsaw: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie: 11–27. 1956:(1). Zagreb: Institut za istraživanje migracija: 27–42. 1845:

Martor. Revue d’Anthropologie du Musée du Paysan Roumain

1163: 1161: 864: 862: 860: 422:

The Interim Decree exempted the territory of the former

414:

deemed the reform in line with similar processes in the

378:

accepted more radical approach to the reform, while the

1435: 1433: 510:

system was in place, where the landowners were largely

1558: 1556: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 198:. Those territories were organised as the province of 2306:(9). Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest: 85–164. 2273:(8). Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest: 91–141. 1874:. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. pp. 213–248. 1786:(1). Križevci: Povijesno društvo Križevci: 25–39. 329:, promising land to those voluntarily joining the 1801:"Kolonizacija u međuratnoj jugoslavenskoj državi" 2390:UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies 1983:[Demographic Strategy of East Croatia]. 1714: 1702: 1666: 1654: 1642: 1630: 1618: 1606: 1594: 1179: 880: 37:(renamed Yugoslavia in 1929) carried out in the 2239:East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars 539:Association of Serbian Chetniks Petar Mrkonjić 431:obstacle to modernisation of Serbian society. 292:(IMRO). In Montenegro, civil war known as the 290:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation 206:inhabited by South Slavs, specifically in the 156:National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 132:National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 102:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation 2296:"Kolonizacija u Hrvatskoj 1919.—1941. godine" 2114:(4). Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge: 447–462. 354:Prethodne odredbe za pripremu agrarne reforme 96:. Most of the colonists arrived from Serbia. 8: 2014:. Innsbruck: Studienverlag. pp. 47–62. 194:in the immediate aftermath of the 1912–1913 16:Agricultural reform in Yugoslavia, 1919–1941 1577: 761:was abolished in the province in 1878, but 288:, anti-Yugoslav struggle championed by the 61:(corresponding to the northern part of pre- 2326:American Journal of Agricultural Economics 1731:sfn error: no target: CITEREFThomson1993 ( 1690: 1005: 928: 2193:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2091:(27). Tuzla: Univerzitet FINRA: 143–156. 1981:"Demografska strategija istočne Hrvatske" 1961: 1409: 1128: 1116: 1104: 1092: 1080: 1068: 1056: 1044: 1029: 993: 981: 969: 940: 916: 1871:Interwar Easte Central Europe, 1918–1941 1757: 1424: 1361: 1346: 1331: 1283: 1215: 1203: 1152: 1140: 1017: 868: 174:(also referred to as Vojvodina) and the 170:. Serbia had annexed the territories of 84:), especially in border regions such as 1726: 1319: 1307: 1295: 1239: 1227: 820: 1745: 1547: 1451: 1191: 1167: 952: 2381:The Slavonic and East European Review 2060:"Agrarian reforms in Interwar Europe" 1562: 1535: 1523: 1511: 1499: 1487: 1475: 1463: 1439: 1397: 1385: 1373: 1260: 904: 892: 851: 839: 827: 673:Association against Bulgarian Bandits 636:Association against Bulgarian Bandits 543:Organization of Yugoslav Nationalists 220:Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina 148:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 35:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 7: 1678: 1774:Banić, Petra; Peklić, Ivan (2015). 537:true for organisations such as the 164:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 178:in the immediate aftermath of the 162:state composed of the short-lived 31:land reform in interwar Yugoslavia 14: 2294:Šimončić-Bobetko, Zdenka (1990). 2261:Šimončić-Bobetko, Zdenka (1989). 1805:Proceedings of the Faculty of Law 384:Temporary National Representation 152:Prince Regent Alexander of Serbia 516:annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina 1929:Springer Science+Business Media 728:1920 Croatian Peasant Rebellion 627:Yugoslav colonisation of Kosovo 104:and civil unrest elsewhere. In 88:and present-day territories of 2244:University of Washington Press 448:, as the driving force in the 280:resisted the new state in the 233:. Ownership models resembling 1: 2120:10.1080/14623528.2016.1227561 158:, thereby creating a unified 2319:Thompson, Sarahelen (1993). 2107:Journal of Genocide Research 1898:. London: Hurst Publishers. 745:opposed ratification of the 2135:Rafailović, Jelena (2016). 2058:Morawski, Wojciech (2019). 186:, and areas of present-day 2452: 1950:Migracijske i etničke teme 647:which caused thousands of 624: 523:purchased their own land. 464:As a government minister, 398:Villages in the region of 119: 2421:Agriculture in Yugoslavia 2037:Milošević, Srđan (2013). 274:Hungarian Soviet Republic 1895:Serbia: A Modern History 1799:Drakić, Gordana (2008). 172:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 86:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 2350:Velagić, Adnan (2009). 2079:Mutapčić, Edin (2011). 1913:Kocsis, Károly (1994). 1849:Romanian Peasant Museum 1578:Banić & Peklić 2015 406:According to economist 390:Proclaimed social ideal 348:According to historian 218:, and Austro-Hungarian 136:Prince Regent Alexander 2214:. Abingdon-on-Thames: 1813:University of Novi Sad 788:Croatian Peasant Party 750: 639: 557:invasion of Yugoslavia 547:Serbian National Youth 501:Bosnia and Herzegovina 469: 437:creation of Yugoslavia 424:Principality of Serbia 403: 380:People's Radical Party 317: 143: 122:Creation of Yugoslavia 59:Principality of Serbia 26: 2436:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 2167:Duke University Press 1979:Mandić, Ivan (1992). 1944:Laušić, Ante (1989). 1821:10.5937/zrpfns42-0068 1715:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 1703:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 1667:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 1655:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 1643:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 1631:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 1619:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 1607:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 1595:Šimončić-Bobetko 1990 1180:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 881:Šimončić-Bobetko 1989 768:Allies of World War I 741: 634: 625:Further information: 569:Armistice of Belgrade 463: 456:Internal colonisation 397: 312: 176:Kingdom of Montenegro 129: 24: 2333:(3). New York City: 2216:Taylor & Francis 1993:University of Osijek 450:unification of Italy 343:Bolshevik Revolution 284:, and there was pro- 130:A delegation of the 78:South Slavic peoples 2431:1930s in Yugoslavia 2426:1920s in Yugoslavia 2020:10.25365/rhy-2010-4 1890:Hoare, Marko Attila 1837:Giordano, Christian 1760:, pp. 448–449. 1748:, pp. 274–275. 1717:, pp. 115–116. 1705:, pp. 112–113. 1693:, pp. 227–234. 1657:, pp. 104–105. 1621:, pp. 124–125. 1609:, pp. 121–124. 1526:, pp. 466–468. 1466:, pp. 385–389. 1427:, pp. 450–451. 1310:, pp. 136–140. 1298:, pp. 135–136. 1242:, pp. 125–126. 1230:, pp. 122–123. 1194:, pp. 273–274. 669:Royal Yugoslav Army 614:population exchange 474:Svetozar Pribićević 466:Svetozar Pribićević 276:. In South Serbia, 272:or inspired by the 2234:Rothschild, Joseph 2218:. pp. 62–84. 1107:, pp. 57, 63. 777:Conclusion of the 751: 640: 585:Hungarian language 470: 404: 331:Royal Serbian Army 318: 300:Aims of the reform 294:Christmas Uprising 231:Kingdom of Hungary 144: 142:on 1 December 1918 73:Royal Serbian Army 27: 2300:Povijesni prilozi 2267:Povijesni prilozi 2200:978-0-253-34656-8 2185:Ramet, Sabrina P. 2157:Ramet, Sabrina P. 2029:978-3-7065-4950-9 1881:978-0-367-13570-6 1866:Ramet, Sabrina P. 1847:(19). Bucharest: 1645:, pp. 94–96. 1478:, pp. 47–49. 1119:, pp. 57–58. 1071:, pp. 56–57. 1047:, pp. 58–59. 1032:, pp. 49–50. 996:, pp. 50–52. 943:, pp. 47–48. 907:, pp. 46–48. 895:, pp. 44–46. 830:, pp. 43–44. 806:Croatian nobility 779:Treaty of Nettuno 772:Treaty of Rapallo 747:Treaty of Nettuno 726:violence and the 681:Šahovići massacre 638:fighters in 1920s 610:Branko Petranović 442:Nikola Stojanović 367:House of Habsburg 168:Kingdom of Serbia 2443: 2401: 2372:Warriner, Doreen 2367: 2346: 2315: 2290: 2257: 2229: 2204: 2180: 2152: 2131: 2100: 2075: 2054: 2033: 2004: 1975: 1965: 1940: 1909: 1885: 1860: 1832: 1795: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1581: 1575: 1566: 1560: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1437: 1428: 1422: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1350: 1344: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1264: 1258: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1165: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1033: 1027: 1021: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 985: 979: 973: 967: 956: 950: 944: 938: 932: 926: 920: 914: 908: 902: 896: 890: 884: 878: 872: 866: 855: 849: 843: 837: 831: 825: 687:Croatia-Slavonia 665:Vardar Macedonia 376:Democratic Party 337:captured in the 335:prisoners of war 327:Serbian campaign 314:Regent Alexander 247:Treaty of London 212:Croatia-Slavonia 110:Kingdom of Italy 2451: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2370: 2349: 2318: 2302:(in Croatian). 2293: 2269:(in Croatian). 2260: 2254: 2232: 2226: 2207: 2201: 2183: 2177: 2155: 2141:Tokovi istorije 2134: 2103: 2078: 2057: 2043:Tokovi istorije 2036: 2030: 2007: 1987:(in Croatian). 1978: 1952:(in Croatian). 1943: 1912: 1906: 1888: 1882: 1863: 1835: 1811:(3). Novi Sad: 1798: 1782:(in Croatian). 1773: 1769: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1701: 1697: 1691:Rothschild 1974 1689: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1625: 1617: 1613: 1605: 1601: 1593: 1584: 1576: 1569: 1561: 1554: 1546: 1542: 1534: 1530: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1494: 1486: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1462: 1458: 1450: 1446: 1438: 1431: 1423: 1416: 1408: 1404: 1396: 1392: 1384: 1380: 1372: 1368: 1360: 1353: 1345: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1302: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1267: 1259: 1246: 1238: 1234: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1210: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1159: 1151: 1147: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1123: 1115: 1111: 1103: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1079: 1075: 1067: 1063: 1055: 1051: 1043: 1036: 1028: 1024: 1016: 1012: 1006:Rafailović 2016 1004: 1000: 992: 988: 980: 976: 968: 959: 951: 947: 939: 935: 929:Rafailović 2016 927: 923: 915: 911: 903: 899: 891: 887: 879: 875: 867: 858: 850: 846: 838: 834: 826: 822: 818: 801: 755:Austrian Empire 736: 694:Central Croatia 689: 677:Pirin Macedonia 629: 623: 577:Danube Swabians 565: 503: 498: 458: 412:Doreen Warriner 392: 350:Jozo Tomasevich 307: 302: 282:Kachak Movement 204:Austria-Hungary 192:North Macedonia 124: 118: 94:North Macedonia 80:(predominantly 39:interwar period 17: 12: 11: 5: 2449: 2447: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2388:(90). London: 2368: 2347: 2316: 2291: 2258: 2252: 2230: 2224: 2205: 2199: 2181: 2175: 2153: 2132: 2101: 2087:(in Bosnian). 2076: 2055: 2034: 2028: 2005: 1976: 1941: 1910: 1904: 1886: 1880: 1861: 1833: 1807:(in Serbian). 1796: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1750: 1738: 1729:, p. 842. 1719: 1707: 1695: 1683: 1671: 1669:, p. 126. 1659: 1647: 1635: 1623: 1611: 1599: 1597:, p. 159. 1582: 1567: 1552: 1540: 1528: 1516: 1514:, p. 198. 1504: 1502:, p. 237. 1492: 1490:, p. 467. 1480: 1468: 1456: 1454:, p. 428. 1444: 1442:, p. 464. 1429: 1414: 1410:Milošević 2010 1402: 1390: 1388:, p. 454. 1378: 1366: 1364:, p. 450. 1351: 1349:, p. 452. 1336: 1334:, p. 146. 1324: 1322:, p. 133. 1312: 1300: 1288: 1286:, p. 153. 1265: 1244: 1232: 1220: 1218:, p. 144. 1208: 1206:, p. 143. 1196: 1184: 1182:, p. 115. 1172: 1170:, p. 273. 1157: 1145: 1133: 1129:Milošević 2013 1121: 1117:Milošević 2010 1109: 1105:Milošević 2013 1097: 1093:Milošević 2010 1085: 1081:Milošević 2010 1073: 1069:Milošević 2010 1061: 1057:Milošević 2010 1049: 1045:Milošević 2013 1034: 1030:Milošević 2010 1022: 1010: 998: 994:Milošević 2010 986: 982:Milošević 2010 974: 970:Milošević 2010 957: 945: 941:Milošević 2010 933: 921: 917:Milošević 2013 909: 897: 885: 873: 856: 844: 832: 819: 817: 814: 800: 797: 735: 732: 688: 685: 645:Serbianisation 622: 619: 564: 561: 502: 499: 497: 496:Implementation 494: 457: 454: 416:Eastern Europe 391: 388: 339:Russian Empire 306: 305:Interim Decree 303: 301: 298: 120:Main article: 117: 114: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2448: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2253:9780295953571 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2225:9781040124352 2221: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2206: 2202: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2176:9780822315483 2172: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1991:(1). Osijek: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1927:(4). Berlin: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1905:9781805261575 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1759: 1758:Portmann 2016 1754: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1734: 1728: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1681:, p. 74. 1680: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1633:, p. 98. 1632: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1580:, p. 27. 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1565:, p. 50. 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1541: 1538:, p. 47. 1537: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425:Portmann 2016 1421: 1419: 1415: 1412:, p. 58. 1411: 1406: 1403: 1400:, p. 46. 1399: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1379: 1376:, p. 51. 1375: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1362:Portmann 2016 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1347:Portmann 2016 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:Mutapčić 2011 1328: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1284:Mutapčić 2011 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1263:, p. 49. 1262: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1216:Mutapčić 2011 1212: 1209: 1205: 1204:Mutapčić 2011 1200: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1155:, p. 35. 1154: 1153:Giordano 2014 1149: 1146: 1143:, p. 38. 1142: 1141:Giordano 2014 1137: 1134: 1131:, p. 69. 1130: 1125: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1095:, p. 56. 1094: 1089: 1086: 1083:, p. 55. 1082: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1062: 1059:, p. 54. 1058: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1020:, p. 60. 1019: 1018:Warriner 1959 1014: 1011: 1008:, p. 99. 1007: 1002: 999: 995: 990: 987: 984:, p. 51. 983: 978: 975: 972:, p. 49. 971: 966: 964: 962: 958: 955:, p. 28. 954: 949: 946: 942: 937: 934: 931:, p. 98. 930: 925: 922: 919:, p. 53. 918: 913: 910: 906: 901: 898: 894: 889: 886: 883:, p. 94. 882: 877: 874: 871:, p. 22. 870: 869:Morawski 2019 865: 863: 861: 857: 854:, p. 42. 853: 848: 845: 842:, p. 40. 841: 836: 833: 829: 824: 821: 815: 813: 809: 807: 798: 796: 792: 789: 785: 784:Stjepan Radić 780: 775: 773: 769: 764: 763:sharecropping 760: 756: 748: 744: 743:Stjepan Radić 740: 733: 731: 729: 724: 720: 716: 712: 706: 704: 699: 695: 686: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 663:colonists in 660: 658: 652: 650: 646: 637: 633: 628: 620: 618: 615: 611: 605: 603: 599: 595: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 562: 560: 558: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 535: 530: 529:Bosnian Serbs 524: 521: 517: 513: 509: 500: 495: 493: 491: 487: 486:autocolonists 483: 482:autokolonisti 478: 475: 467: 462: 455: 453: 451: 447: 443: 438: 432: 429: 425: 420: 417: 413: 409: 408:Mijo Mirković 401: 396: 389: 387: 385: 381: 377: 372: 371:Vitomir Korać 368: 363: 362:expropriation 359: 355: 351: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 315: 311: 304: 299: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 227:Cisleithanian 223: 221: 217: 213: 209: 208:Slovene Lands 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 141: 137: 133: 128: 123: 115: 113: 111: 107: 103: 97: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 74: 69: 67: 64: 60: 54: 52: 51:sharecropping 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 23: 19: 2385: 2379: 2355: 2330: 2324: 2303: 2299: 2270: 2266: 2238: 2210: 2189: 2161: 2140: 2111: 2105: 2088: 2084: 2063: 2042: 2010: 1988: 1984: 1963:10.11567/met 1953: 1949: 1924: 1918: 1894: 1870: 1844: 1808: 1804: 1783: 1779: 1753: 1741: 1727:Thomson 1993 1722: 1710: 1698: 1686: 1674: 1662: 1650: 1638: 1626: 1614: 1602: 1550:, p. 5. 1543: 1531: 1519: 1507: 1495: 1483: 1471: 1459: 1447: 1405: 1393: 1381: 1369: 1327: 1320:Velagić 2009 1315: 1308:Velagić 2009 1303: 1296:Velagić 2009 1291: 1240:Velagić 2009 1235: 1228:Velagić 2009 1223: 1211: 1199: 1187: 1175: 1148: 1136: 1124: 1112: 1100: 1088: 1076: 1064: 1052: 1025: 1013: 1001: 989: 977: 948: 936: 924: 912: 900: 888: 876: 847: 835: 823: 810: 802: 793: 776: 752: 707: 690: 661: 657:Montenegrins 653: 641: 621:South Serbia 606: 566: 554:World War II 551: 525: 504: 485: 481: 479: 471: 433: 421: 405: 353: 347: 341:who saw the 319: 270:Green Cadres 251: 243:Italian Army 224: 200:South Serbia 160:South Slavic 145: 98: 70: 55: 30: 28: 18: 2416:Land reform 2337:: 840–844. 2279:10.22586/pp 2242:. Seattle: 1931:: 425–433. 1815:: 265–277. 1746:Drakić 2008 1548:Mandić 1992 1452:Kocsis 1994 1192:Drakić 2008 1168:Drakić 2008 953:Laušić 1989 649:Macedonians 534:Herzegovina 322:land reform 296:broke out. 266:Yugoslavism 196:Balkan Wars 180:World War I 63:World War I 2410:Categories 2165:. Durham: 2085:Tranzicija 1920:GeoJournal 1563:Ramet 2006 1536:Ramet 2006 1524:Hoare 2024 1512:Ramet 1995 1500:Grgić 2020 1488:Hoare 2024 1476:Ramet 2006 1464:Hoare 2024 1440:Hoare 2024 1398:Ramet 2006 1386:Hoare 2024 1374:Ramet 2006 1261:Ramet 2006 905:Ramet 2006 893:Ramet 2006 852:Ramet 2006 840:Ramet 2006 828:Ramet 2006 816:References 723:expatriate 703:perpetuity 573:Hungarians 545:, and the 116:Background 2398:0037-6795 2392:: 59–81. 2364:0350-1159 2343:0002-9092 2312:0351-9767 2287:0351-9767 2149:0354-6497 2128:1462-3528 2097:1512-5785 2072:2082-0976 2051:0354-6497 2001:1847-2206 1972:1333-2546 1937:0343-2521 1857:1224-6271 1851:: 31–42. 1829:0550-2179 1792:1332-2567 1679:Repe 2024 683:in 1924. 563:Vojvodina 286:Bulgarian 278:Albanians 235:feudalism 2374:(1959). 2236:(1974). 2187:(2006). 2159:(1995). 1892:(2024). 1839:(2014). 734:Dalmatia 698:Slavonia 596:and the 589:Subotica 446:Piedmont 428:Šumadija 400:Šumadija 262:Slovenes 216:Dalmatia 166:and the 140:Belgrade 134:meeting 106:Dalmatia 43:Šumadija 2356:Prilozi 1995:: 5–9. 1868:(ed.). 1767:Sources 799:Results 581:Germans 512:Muslims 508:Chiflik 490:Neretva 358:serfdom 239:Ottoman 184:Sandžak 47:serfdom 2396: 2362: 2341: 2310: 2285: 2250: 2222: 2197: 2173: 2147: 2126: 2095: 2070: 2049: 2026: 1999: 1970: 1935: 1902: 1878: 1855: 1827: 1790: 759:corvée 719:Istria 715:Kordun 612:, the 602:German 598:Danube 541:, the 258:Croats 188:Kosovo 90:Kosovo 66:Serbia 2335:Wiley 786:-led 520:serfs 254:Serbs 82:Serbs 2394:ISSN 2360:ISSN 2339:ISSN 2308:ISSN 2283:ISSN 2248:ISBN 2220:ISBN 2195:ISBN 2171:ISBN 2145:ISSN 2124:ISSN 2093:ISSN 2068:ISSN 2047:ISSN 2024:ISBN 1997:ISSN 1968:ISSN 1933:ISSN 1900:ISBN 1876:ISBN 1853:ISSN 1825:ISSN 1788:ISSN 1780:Cris 1733:help 753:The 721:and 713:and 711:Lika 696:and 594:Sava 575:and 320:The 260:and 190:and 146:The 92:and 49:and 29:The 2275:doi 2116:doi 2016:doi 1958:doi 1817:doi 138:in 2412:: 2386:38 2384:. 2378:. 2331:75 2329:. 2323:. 2281:. 2246:. 2169:. 2122:. 2112:18 2110:. 2089:13 2062:. 2022:. 1966:. 1925:32 1923:. 1917:. 1843:. 1823:. 1809:42 1784:17 1585:^ 1570:^ 1555:^ 1432:^ 1417:^ 1354:^ 1339:^ 1268:^ 1247:^ 1160:^ 1037:^ 960:^ 859:^ 549:. 249:. 222:. 214:, 210:, 2400:. 2366:. 2345:. 2314:. 2304:9 2289:. 2277:: 2271:8 2256:. 2228:. 2203:. 2179:. 2151:. 2130:. 2118:: 2099:. 2074:. 2053:. 2032:. 2018:: 2003:. 1989:5 1974:. 1960:: 1954:5 1939:. 1908:. 1884:. 1859:. 1831:. 1819:: 1794:. 1735:) 579:( 484:(

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Knowledge (XXG)

Land reform in interwar Yugoslavia

Index