Landmark Worldwide - Knowledge (XXG)

1178: 1994-02-02) ("The parties calculated the value of WE&A's assets at $ 8,600,000. Landmark also acquired Erhard's stock in WE&AII, which was valued at $ 1,200,000. Landmark agreed, as payment for the WE&A assets and WE&AII stock, to assume liabilities in the amount of $ 6,800,000 and to pay an additional $ 3 million to Erhard. The agreedon downpayment of $ 300,000 was paid out of the account of WE&AII, whose stock was sold to Landmark. The $ 2,700,000 balance was to be paid by January 30, 1992, but payment was later extended and the due date delayed. Landmark obtained from Erhard a license to present the Forum for 18 years in the United States and internationally with the exception of Japan and Mexico. Erhard retained ownership of the license. The license was not assignable without Erhard's express written consent, and was to revert to Erhard after 18 years. Furthermore, under the Agreement, Erhard was promised 2% of Landmark's gross revenues payable on a monthly basis and, in addition, 50% of the net (pre-tax) profit payable quarterly. Such payments to Erhard were not to exceed a total payment of $ 15 million over the 18 year term of the license."). 2338:

may be interpreted as the latest manifestation of the Human Potential Movement, with groups and practitioners such as Anthony Robbins, Deepak Chopra, and Landmark Education. Within corporate spirituality, the late-modern concept of the internalised sacred is paramount, with the "Self" offering epoch-specific modes of salvation in the form of seminars and spiritual products. The philosophy and praxes of corporate religions are predominantly bound by the ethics of market capitalism and the values of Western consumer culture. To this end, they are often tailored towards improving productivity amongst individuals and employees, and are subsequently marketed not only to individuals, but also to companies and government agencies. For religio-spiritual corporations such as Landmark Education, all previous ideas and beliefs must be dissolved and washed away in order to create 'nothing,' a clean slate from which truth may arise.

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at the University of California at Berkeley, and an expert on cults. Landmark sued Singer after she mentioned the company in her book Cults in Our Midst. Singer says she never called it a cult in her book, but simply mentioned it as a controversial New Age training course. In resolution of the suit, Singer gave a sworn statement that the organization is not a cult or sect. She says this doesn't mean she supports Landmark. "I do not endorse them -- never have," she says. Singer, who is in her 70s, says she can't comment on whether Landmark uses coercive persuasion because "the SOBs have already sued me once." "I'm afraid to tell you what I really think about them because I'm not covered by any lawyers like I was when I wrote my book."

671:, stated in 2014 that Landmark's business is "to teach people that the values they have held up until now have held them back; that indeed they need a new set of values and this group can provide those new sets of values ... I don't know of any academic research that verifies that kind of perspective" and while some individuals feel "cleansed" or "invigorated" by Landmark's training, others may feel violated by the pressure put on them to reveal their innermost secrets to strangers during Landmark's training sessions. 791:. The episode, called "Voyage Au Pays des Nouveaux Gourous" ("Journey to the land of the new gurus") was highly critical of its subject. Shot in large part with a hidden camera, it showed attendance at a Landmark course and a visit to Landmark offices. In addition, the program included interviews with former course participants, anti-cultists, and commentators. Landmark left France following the airing of the episode and a subsequent site visit by labor inspectors that noted the activities of volunteers, and sued 1950:, p. 126: "To illustrate rather than to define: among the better-known NRMs are the Brahma Kumaris, the Church of Scientology, the Divine Light Mission (now known as Elan Vital), est (Erhard Seminar Training, now known as the Landmark Forum), the Family (originally known as the Children of God), ISKCON (the Hare Krishna), Rajneeshism (now known as Oslo International), Sahaja Yoga, the Soka Gakkai, Transcendental Meditation, the Unification Church (known as the Moonies) and the Way International." 279:, because of their attempts to convert participants to a new worldview and their recruitment tactics: they do not use advertising, but instead pressure participants during courses to recruit relatives and friends as new customers. Some religious experts dispute this claim, pointing out that Landmark does not meet some characteristics of cults, including being a religious organization, or having a central leader. It is one of several 1476:) and other examples of the human potential movement joined indigenous new religions, such as the Emin, Exegesis, the Aetherius Society, the School of Economic Science, and the Findhorn community in the north of Scotland, and a number of small congregations within mainstream churches were labelled 'cults' as they exhibited some of the more enthusiastic characteristics of new religions and their leaders. 351:

additional payments over the next 18 years not to exceed $ 15 million. The new company offered similar courses and employed many of the same staff. The Forum was reduced in length from four days to three, and its price is about 50% of the cost of the est courses. In 2001, Rosenberg stated that Landmark had completely purchased the licenses to all of Erhard's concepts and all divisions of the company.

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system for $ 1, it was later revealed that he received an initial payment of $ 3 million in addition to an eighteen-year licensing fee that was not to exceed $ 15 million; Erhard kept the Mexican and Japanese branches of the operation. ... Last year, Landmark had revenues of $ 58 million, and Rosenberg says the company has bought outright Erhard's license and his rights to Japan and Mexico.

306:) system from 1971 to 1984, which promoted the idea that individuals are empowered when they take personal responsibility for all events in their lives, both good and bad. In 1985, Erhard modified est to be gentler and more business oriented and renamed it the Landmark Forum. In 1991, he sold the company and its concepts to some of his employees, who incorporated it as Landmark Education 2085:

contributes to this, whilst simultaneously shrouding Landmark Education in mystery and esotericism. The Forum is replete with stories of miracles, healings, and salvation apposite for a modern western paradigm. Indeed, the sacred pervades the training, manifested in the form of the Self, capable of altering the very nature of the world and representing the 'ultimate concern'.

2540:), French text: "L'Inspection du Travail débarque dans les locaux de Landmark, constate l'exploitation des bénévoles et dresse des procès-verbaux pour travail non déclaré." English translation: "Labor inspectors turned up at the offices of Landmark, noted the exploitation of volunteers and drew up a report of undeclared employment."; 347:. The Landmark Forum's niche was for people who did not have major psychological problems, but were nonetheless seeking self-improvement; these people constituted a very large part of society and were not served by the medical psychological establishment, which concentrated on those with mental illness. 1703:

self-actualizing cocktail from equal parts Landmark Forum (seminars based on the philosophy of Werner Erhard), the books of motivational business guru Brian Tracy, and Oprah-endorsed best seller The Secret, by Rhonda Byrne. He is now hard at work formalizing them in a Lululemon "internal constitution."

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Like the , many of the Self-religions (Heelas 1991) have been heavily influenced by Asian, and more generally Eastern, ideas of spirituality and divinity and do not acknowledge an external theistic being but rather, use spiritual and psychological techniques to reveal the god within and/or the divine

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The prospect of a new global order is also central to many variants of the Human Potential and New Age movements and Scientology. All these very different kinds of NRM nevertheless share a conviction that human beings have, perhaps for the first time, come into possession of the knowledge required to

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Deepak Chopra's The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success, and Don Miguel Ruiz's Four Agreements. Recently, Cherng has become passionate about the Landmark Forum, a program that utilizes Werner Erhard's EST methodology, which Psychology Today described as one that, "tore you down and put you back together."

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By the end of the course, almost all of us felt giddy with exhaustion and catharsis, but there was a fair amount of pressure to sign up for additional instruction. If we were serious about our transformation, we were told, we would enlist friends and family and even co-workers to take the $ 495 Forum

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of 1996, even though Ross wanted to continue the case in order to further investigate Landmark's educational materials and history of suing critics. Ross stated that he does not see Landmark as a cult because they have no individual leader, but he considers them harmful because subjects are harassed

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training which ran from 1971 to 1984) renamed est to the Landmark Forum, and changed the content to be gentler and somewhat more business oriented. He promoted the idea that all events (good and bad) of an individual's life were their own making, and that individuals would be empowered when they take

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Landmark vigorously disputes the cult accusation and freely threatens or pursues lawsuits against those who call it one ... Landmark also boasts numerous letters from experts stating that it does not meet cult criteria. One such letter comes from Dr. Margaret Singer, professor emeritus of psychology

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But outreach was clearly part of the agenda. Pupils were assigned to call or write people with whom they "want to make a breakthrough," thereby introducing others to Landmark. On graduation night participants were encouraged to bring guests, who were then led away to learn more and sign on. From Day

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reporter Nathan Thornburgh, in his review of The Landmark Forum, said "At its heart, the course was a withering series of scripted reality checks meant to show us how we have created nearly everything we see as a problem" and "I benefited tremendously from the uncomfortable mirror the course had put

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In learning to perceive self-created meaning, people begin to see that assumptions they have made about who they are in life are actually shaped by limitations they have made up in response to past circumstances or events. This realization allows participants to articulate new meanings that are free

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Incorporating several eastern spiritual practices, the highly emotional nature of the Landmark Forum's weekend training is such as to create Durkheimian notions of 'religious effervescence', altering pre-existing belief systems and producing a sense of the sacred collective. Group-specific language

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Punctuality is a central focus of Wilson's. It is also a key principle espoused by the Landmark Forum, a leadership development program based on Werner Erhard's EST curriculum. When Wilson was running Lululemon, the company paid for employees to attend Landmark seminars; Kit and Ace employees enjoy

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Yet perhaps a more salient manifestation of this phenomenon exists in the form of corporate religions, groups with a specific religio-spiritual function that are established, managed, and presented as corporations. Representing the ultimate fusion of the sacred and the economic, corporate religion

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Landmark's entry course, the Landmark Forum, is the default first course for new participants and provides the foundation of all Landmark's other programs. The Landmark Forum takes place over three consecutive days plus an evening session (generally Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Tuesday evening.)

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1995 list of cults; displeased by their designation, they contacted Abgrall to have them removed from the list. Abgrall wrote a report on the organization arguing that they were not a cult, arguing that they were a "harmless organization", though did conclude by recognizing that the group may have

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The majority of NRMs are, however, not indigenous to Europe. Many can be traced to the United States (frequently to California), including offshoots of the Jesus Movement (such as the Children of God, later known as the Family); the Way International; International Churches of Christ; the Church

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A cult following is the most coveted accessory in retail, and Lululemon's is even more lustworthy than its Velocity Gym Bag. It wasn't built on the work of some Jobs-ian swami, however, but on the sources of Lulu founder and chairman Chip Wilson's own spiritual awakening. Wilson has mixed a heady

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Since its creation in 1991, Landmark Education has been described variously as a cult, an exercise in brainwashing and a marketing trick cooked up by a conman to sap the vulnerable of their savings. ... Landmark has faced accusations of being a cult, but I saw nothing of that. Far from working to

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And yet others who claim that it's a cult, brainwashing, and evangelical — about which more later. ... And now to that important question: is it a cult, brainwashing and evangelical? Cross out the first two; tick the third (but not in a literal, bible-bashing way — it's just that there's a lot of

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Cherng is an avid consumer of self-improvement programs. ... He has since 2003 been a participant in Life Academy, a Taiwanese organization that follows a "life manual" dedicated to the "advancement of the human spirit." He is a devotee of Stephen Covey's Seven Habits of Highly Effective People,

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Some Landmark graduates also volunteer for the company, which has approximately 500 employees and a reported 7,500 unpaid "assistants" (though Landmark puts this number much lower) who answer phones, sign up recruits, and cater to the Forum leaders. ... Though it was rumored that Erhard sold his

1355:"They are manipulative, they are controlling, they involve coercive persuasion," said Steve Kent, a University of Alberta sociology professor. Kent is an internationally recognized expert in deviant ideological and religious groups who has studied Landmark and similar organizations for decades. 465:

training course, Landmark sued Singer. The suit was resolved when Singer agreed to provide a sworn statement that Landmark is not a cult or sect. Singer stated that she would not recommend the group to anyone, and would not comment on whether Landmark used coercive persuasion for fear of legal

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In 1991, Erhard sold the intellectual property rights associated with the Forum's concepts to some of his employees, (including his brother Harry Rosenberg who became CEO) who incorporated into "Landmark Education Corporation." Landmark paid Erhard $ 3 million as an initial licensing fee, with

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Landmark does not use advertising to reach potential customers, but instead repeatedly pressures participants during their courses to recruit relatives, friends, and acquaintances as new clients. This complete reliance on word-of-mouth advertising to market its programs has been described by

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The company reported in 2019 that more than 2.4 million people had participated in its programs since 1991. Landmark holds seminars in approximately 125 locations in more than 21 countries. Landmark's revenue surpassed $ 100 million in 2018, with profits of about $ 5 million. The

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describes Landmark's instructors as "enthusiastic and inspiring". Her review says that after doing The Landmark Forum, "Work worries, relationship dramas all seem more manageable", and that she "let go of almost three decades of hurt, anger and feelings of betrayal" towards her father.

569:, interpretation, and significance the person gives to or makes up about those events. The course proposes that people frequently conflate facts with their own interpretations of what occurred and, as a result, create self-inflicted suffering and a loss of effectiveness in their lives. 554:

The Forum is attended in a group varying in size between 75 and 250 people. Landmark arranges the course as a dialogue in which the Forum leader presents a series of proposals and encourages participants to take the floor to relate how those ideas apply to their own individual

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Meaning is a function of language, something people make up, rather than something intrinsic to life or occurrences. By articulating differently in a given context, people can alter the meaning they create and experience a greater degree of effectiveness in how they deal with

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described Landmark as a "corporate religion" and a "religio-spiritual corporation" because of its emphasis on teaching techniques for improvement in personal and employee productivity, which is marketed to businesses as well as government agencies. Sociologist of religion

558:. Course leaders set up rules at the beginning of the program and Landmark strongly encourages participants not to miss any part of the program. Attendees are also urged to be "coachable" (open minded to the course's concepts) and not just be observers during the course. 394:

In 1993 Landmark started a subsidiary named Landmark Education Business Development (LEBD), (later renamed to the Vanto Group) which uses the Landmark methodology to provide consulting services to businesses and other organizations. LEBD became the Vanto Group in 2008.

499:'s Cult Education Institute, alleging that postings on the institute's websites which characterized Landmark as a cultish organization that brainwashed their clients damaged Landmark's product. In December 2005, Landmark filed to dismiss its own lawsuit 2616:. Retrieved May 25, 2020 – "In a settlement reached November 29, 2006 Landmark agreed to withdraw the subpoena to Google and end its quest to pierce the anonymity of the video's poster. Landmark has also withdrawn its subpoena to the Internet Archive." 3803:

Hellard, Peta (June 11, 2006). "Stress Fear in $ 700 Child Forum: WA children as young as eight who attend "life-changing" coaching sessions by a controversial US company could have difficulty with their schoolwork afterwards, according to experts".

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Landmark is a for-profit company 100% owned by over 600 employees through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) and similar international plans. The organization's executive team reports to a Board of Directors that is elected annually by the

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recrimination from Landmark. In 1997, Landmark sued Cult Awareness Network (CAN) after they made statements alleging or implying that Landmark was a cult. That suit was resolved when CAN stated that it has no evidence that Landmark is a cult.

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free them from traditional structures of thought and action. Hence, the confidence of the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, founder of Transcendental Meditation, and of Werner Erhard, the founder of est (now largely re-configured as the Landmark Trust)

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The evening session follows closely on the three consecutive days of the course and completes the Landmark Forum. During this final session, the participants share information about their results and bring guests to learn about the Forum.

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of self-imposed constraints. The Forum goes on to train participants in actualizing these new possible meanings by sharing them with people in their lives. This creates a supportive social environment for achieving one's dreams and goals.

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and Landmark have addressed human problems in a radical way, setting super-empirical goals, and addressing what some may regard as a spiritual aspect of human nature (the Core Self, the Source, which is at least godlike, if not divine.

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many other types of groups have emerged that could fall under the purview of NRM study. We have suggested some of these in the above paragraph. Others might include religio-therapy groups such as Avatar, Mindspring, and Landmark Forum

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1, attendants were told that for a limited time, the Forum's tuition included a $ 95 follow-up, "The Forum in Action." The crowd was also repeatedly invited to sign up for the $ 700 "Advanced Course." Act now and get a $ 100 discount.

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The term "new possibilities" means something different from the common definition as something that may happen. Rather, the term refers to a here-and-now opportunity to be differently or take new action, free of constraints from the

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Universal and Triumphant (known as Summit Lighthouse in England); and much of the human potential movement (such as est, which gave rise to the Landmark Forum, and various practices developed through the Esalen Institute).

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Education Embraced: Substantiating the Educational Foundations of Landmark Education's Transformative Learning Model Marsha L. Heck International Multilingual Journal of Contemporary Research, 3(2), pp. 149–162 DOI:

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American hard sell). The party line is that evangelism is not a corporate approach: they attribute it to the individuals' passion. But I don't buy that. Whipping up the fervour and lurve is how they put bums on seats.

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Logan, David C. (1998). Transforming the Network of Conversations in BHP New Zealand Steel: Landmark Education Business Development's New Paradigm for Organizational Change (Case 1984-01). USC Marshall School of

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themselves. It had just enough of a Ponzi taste that I stepped firmly and finally back outside the Landmark circle. (A Landmark executive later told me the company is "committed" to toning down the hard sell.)

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Irene has undertaken the charity event as part of her Landmark Education Self Expression and Leadership course. "I had to set up a community programme of my choice that would make a difference," Irene said.

3367: 424:(non-religious) organization, and it tries to unite (and re-unite) participants with their family and friends (rather than isolate them) that it does not meet many of the characteristics of a cult. 761:

attended a three and a half-day forum, which she described as "My lost weekend with the trademark happy, bathroom-break hating, slightly spooky inheritors of est." Heidi Beedle, writing for the

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witnessed a Landmark Forum and concluded that, in her view, it is not religious or a cult. Hill wrote, "It is ... simple common sense delivered in an environment of startling intensity."

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Marshall, Jeannie (June 27, 1997). "The est in the Business: That old seventies personal growth fad has been resurrected and retooled, and it's coming soon to a corporation near you".

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the founder of est (the highly influential seminar training established by Erhard in 1971) observes that, 'Of all the disciplines that I studied and learned, Zen was the essential one.

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During the course, participants are encouraged to call friends and family members with whom they feel they have unresolved tensions, and to take responsibility for their own behavior.

4292: 2632:. Retrieved May 25, 2020 – "A controversial self-help group has backed off its attack on an Internet critic after the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) intervened in the case." 1175: 3980:

Rolfe, Peter (March 9, 2008). "We Pay for Seminars: TAXPAYERS are picking up the bill to send police officers and bureaucrats on a controversial personal enlightenment course".

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and Landmark may have some of the attributes typically associated with religion, but it is doubtful whether they should be accorded full status as religious organizations."

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Communication for planetary transformation and the drag of public conversations: The case of Landmark Education Corporation. Patrick Owen Cannon, University of South Florida

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and Landmark may have some of the attributes typically associated with religion, but it is doubtful whether they should be accorded full status as religious organizations.

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article stated that "Landmark has been criticized for delving into the traumas of largely unscreened participants without having mental-health professionals on hand."

4065: 2353:; Lucas, Philip Charles (2007). "From 'Cults' to New Religious Movements: Coherence, Definition, and Conceptual Framing in the Study of New Religious Movements". In 1716: 1692:"Lululemon's Cult of Selling - Lululemon has created a cult following for its yoga gear. Its secret? The Secret, as well as other controversial self-help classics" 728:

wrote that he "resented the pressure" placed on him during a session, but sardonically noted that "two months after the Forum, I'd rate my success at 84 percent."

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A person's behavior is often governed by a perceived need to look good and be right, and people are often unaware of how their behaviors are shaped by these needs.

3375: 275:" (NRM), while others have called it a "self-religion," a "corporate religion," and a "religio-spiritual corporation". Landmark has sometimes been described a 3539: 1344: 1319: 698: 683: 474: 4277: 4042: 3896:"The Landmark Forum: 42 Hours, $ 500, 65 Breakdowns; My lost weekend with the trademark happy, bathroom-break hating, slightly spooky inheritors of est" 3442: 1345:"Alberta Health Services staff pressured to attend controversial seminars - Government continued to use Landmark Education despite employee complaints" 4282: 3564: 1654: 4302: 4159: 1864:

McCarl, Steven R.; Zaffron, Steve; Nielson, Joyce; Kennedy, Sally Lewis (January–April 2001). "The Promise of Philosophy and the Landmark Forum".

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of the corporation. The company states that it invests its surpluses "into making its programs, initiatives, and services more widely available."

1623: 814:(EFF) became involved, planning to file a motion to quash Landmark's DMCA subpoena to Google Video. Landmark eventually withdrew its subpoenas. 3956: 2319:

Lockwood, Renee D. (June 1, 2012). "Pilgrimages to the Self: Exploring the Topography of Western Consumer Spirituality through 'the Journey'".

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do seem to be one, and "One thing is certain: Landmark is a program that is incredibly successful at making people feel good about Landmark."

4100: 4022: 3212: 3193: 3136: 3070: 3051: 3027: 2989: 2968: 2949: 2912: 2893: 2840: 2780: 2685: 2662: 2456: 2409: 2368: 2249: 2200: 1597: 1458: 1218: 530:, has said that Landmark aided his company's success. He has strongly encouraged his employees and all managers to take Landmark's classes. 3467: 108: 1425:

separate us from our families and friends, we were told there was no relationship too dead to be revived, no love too cold to be warmed.

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demanding details of the identity of the person(s) who had uploaded those copies. These organizations challenged the subpoenas and the

1974: 1762: 63: 4223: 3269: 3239: 3174: 3155: 3113: 3092: 3008: 2930: 2871: 2818: 2799: 2758: 2734: 2713: 2109: 2012: 1149: 383: 85: 3869: 56: 3814: 1506: 799: 2476: 3517: 3417: 2629: 2613: 811: 689: 538:, is a follower of Landmark's principles, and has directed his companies to pay for employees to attend Landmark's classes. 280: 4075: 1298: 3492: 4197: 2350: 1998: 1444: 933: 763: 646: 427:

Landmark has threatened and pursued lawsuits against people who have called or labeled it such, including individuals (

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the same benefit. One of the main lessons of Landmark is that punctuality is a strong indicator of personal integrity.

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Many large companies and government agencies have paid for and encouraged their employees to take Landmark's classes.

2034:, p. 156:" post-countercultural religious movements such as Erhard Seminars Training (now the Landmark Forum) ." 972: 3702: 3165:

Rupert, Glenn A. (1992). "Employing the New Age: Training Seminars". In Lewis, James R.; Melton, J. Gordon (eds.).

508: 503:, purportedly on the grounds of a material change in case law after the publication of an opinion in another case, 3934: 3547: 2004:

New Religious Movements in the Twenty-first Century: Legal, Political, and Social Challenges in Global Perspective

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New Religious Movements in the Twenty-first Century: Legal, Political, and Social Challenges in Global Perspective

1316: 706:(the belief that one can control their life), but found no long-term positive or negative effects on individuals' 4246: 3924:

Mullally, Una; Burke, John (July 31, 2005). "Labour senator promotes group classified in France as 'cult-like'".

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The episode was uploaded to a variety of websites, and in October 2006 Landmark issued subpoenas pursuant to the

703: 489: 119: 3895: 787: 637:" or a (broadly defined) new religious movement (NRM). Others question some aspects of these characterizations. 4182: 3124: 1288: 1135: 641: 340: 335: 303: 287: 4251: 3675: 4307: 3450: 1589: 977: 757: 668: 492:

cult trial, and that he had no conflict of interest as he "wrote an unfavorable report and paid my taxes."

420:. Several commentators unrelated to Landmark have stated that because it has no single central leader, is a 67: 3319: 587:

When people have persistent complaints that are accompanied by unproductive fixed ways of being and acting,

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The New Heretics of France: Minority Religions, la Republique, and the Government-Sponsored "War on Sects"

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organization has 500 employees, and about 7,500 volunteers, an unusually large number of volunteers for a

272: 3572: 2884:(2012). "New Religious Movements". In Taliaferro, Charles; Harrison, Victoria S.; Goetz, Stewart (eds.). 4218: 3864: 3080: 3043:

The New Heretics of France: Minority Religions, la Republique, and the Government-Sponsored War on Sects

1664: 725: 2219:, whose origins are in the United States (Tipton 1982) holds to the belief that the self itself is god. 1141: 3762: 3222:

Wright, Stuart (2002). "Public Agency Involvement in Government–Religious Movement Confrontation". In

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had some warning signs. Following his report they were removed from the list, and Abgrall was paid

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Ramstedt, Martin (2007). "New Age and Business: Corporations as Cultic Milieus?". In Kemp, Daren;

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in 2019 said that "The tangible benefits of Landmark's courses may seem hard to pin down" though

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Landmark maintains that it is an educational foundation and denies being a religious movement.

4105: 3296:"Declaration of Arthur Schreiber; US District Court, New Jersey; Civil Action No.04-3022(JCL)" 3275: 3265: 3235: 3208: 3189: 3170: 3151: 3132: 3109: 3088: 3066: 3047: 3023: 3004: 2985: 2964: 2945: 2926: 2908: 2889: 2867: 2836: 2814: 2795: 2776: 2768: 2754: 2744: 2730: 2709: 2681: 2658: 2452: 2405: 2395: 2364: 2354: 2245: 2196: 2105: 2068: 2008: 1994: 1970: 1881: 1593: 1545: 1454: 1145: 929:"Landmark Worldwide, the arts community and the big, bizarre business of personal development" 880: 792: 650: 622: 542: 17: 3741: 3610: 3041: 1885: 1103: 3697: 3227: 3223: 2828: 2445: 2060: 1873: 1443:(2004). "General Overview of the 'Cult Scene' in Great Britain". In Lucas, Phillip Charles; 823: 807: 561:

Various ideas are proposed for consideration and explored during the course. These include:

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by Landmark from the period of 2001 to 2002. Abgrall complained in 2004 when interviewed by

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Anderson, Kurt (2007). "Son of EST: The Terminator of Self-Doubt". In Ross, Lillian (ed.).

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Puttick, Elizabeth (2004). "Landmark Forum (est)". In Partridge, Christopher Hugh (ed.).

633:" (NRM). Some scholars have categorized Landmark or its predecessor organizations as a " 2049:"Religiosity Rejected: Exploring the Religio-Spiritual Dimensions of Landmark Education" 1843: 107: 2674: 1791: 1108: 496: 367: 253: 62:

It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly

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There can be a big difference between the facts and events in a person's life and the

343:. Many individuals liked this belief, whether or not it is true, or simply works as a 4271: 4168: 3720: 3131:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 1. Leiden: BRILL. p. 196. 3103: 2979: 2699: 2695: 2332: 1960: 1440: 1131: 838: 693: 634: 618: 599: 555: 527: 523: 386:, which concluded without requiring Landmark to make any changes to their practices. 331: 295: 291: 3654:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor 3637:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor 2652: 2100:(1991). "Western Europe: Self Religions". In Sutherland, S.R.; Clarke, P.B. (eds.). 1696: 1418: 1153: 803: 748: 405: 268: 3425: 3146:

Richardson, James T. (1998). "est (THE FORUM)". In Swatos, Jr., William H. (ed.).

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Schneider (1995). "Der Pädagogische Bereich als Operationsfeld für Psychokulte".

2748: 2724: 2703: 2399: 2358: 2239: 2190: 2002: 1964: 1448: 688:

In 1985, a group of psychology researchers studied participants of the Forum, (a

4047: 2625: 2097: 1997:(2004). "New Religious Movements and Globalization". In Lucas, Phillip Charles; 1628: 531: 484: 355: 307: 382:

company. Their use of volunteers prompted three separate investigations by the

314:

in 2003, and then renamed Landmark Worldwide LLC in 2013. Its subsidiary, the

4101:"Suit Against Sperm-Bank Firm Claims Sexual Harassment and Cult-Like Behavior" 3500: 1281: 833: 363: 207: 186: 3279: 2072: 3368:"Landmark Education Business Development, LEBD, Changes Name to Vanto Group" 664: 339:

personal responsibility for all events in their lives, an idea based in the

3020:

Ethics in Psychology and the Mental Health Professions: Standards and Cases

2064: 2241:

The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion

2195:. Routledge Religion Companions Series. New York: Routledge. p. 123. 1497: 1317:

Landmark Education Business Development, LEBD, Changes Name to Vanto Group

4070: 2404:. Issues in Contemporary Religion. New York: A&C Black. p. 314. 785:

aired a television documentary on Landmark in their investigative series

782: 488:

that this had only been revealed to block his involvement in the ongoing

319: 3105:

Outrageous Betrayal: The Dark Journey of Werner Erhard from est to Exile

1877: 1792:"The Landmark Forum - Personal Development Courses – Landmark Worldwide" 469:

In 2004, it was revealed that Landmark had paid French anti-cult expert

2942:

Hungry for Ecstasy: Trauma, the Brain, and the Influence of the Sixties

1453:. Sociology/Religious studies. New York: Psychology Press. p. 28. 1327: 462: 421: 344: 3990: 3710:

Bauder, Don (August 7, 1994). "Firm Turns to est Guru; Still Slides".

3063:

Psychotherapy in an Age of Narcissism: Modernity, Science, and Society

2473:"French Documentary Transcript: "Voyage to the Land of the New Gurus"" 1963:(2005). "New Religious Movements in Europe". In Jones, Lindsay (ed.). 408:

taste," "a quasi-pyramid scheme," and including a "hard, hard sell."

4130: 1349: 1584:(2011). "Néo-Phare: The First Application of the About-Picard Law". 1717:"Chip Wilson tries to reinvent himself after his Lululemon turmoil" 1028:"How an American motivational guru is inspiring British businesses" 371: 3849:

Lazarus, Baila (April 11, 2008). "Attain Freedom from the Past".

4137: 2654:

The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town; The New Yorker

1498:"Suits Against Anti-Cult Blogger Provide Test for Online Speech" 495:

In June 2004, Landmark filed a 1 million dollar lawsuit against

417: 276: 4234:

Werner Erhard: The Transformation of a Man, The Founding of est

4141: 3393:"Landmark Education Celebrates 11 Years of Business and Growth" 2672:

Atkin, Douglas (2004). "What Is Required of a Belief System?".

230: 2676:

The Culting of Brands: Turn Your Customers Into True Believers

512:

and intimidated, causing potentially unsafe levels of stress.

359: 311: 40: 3695:

Bass, Alison (March 3, 1999). "The Forum: Cult or comfort?".

2792:

Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies

2705:

Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies

702:. They found that participants had a short-term increase in 2944:. Lanham, Maryland: Jason Aronson/Rowman & Littlefield. 1217:

Faltermayer, Charlotte; Woodbury, Richard (March 16, 1998).

696:

of non attendees. They published their results in the book

3264:. University of Tubingen, Theologische Abteilung: 189–190. 2059:(2). Sheffield, England: Equinox Publishing Ltd.: 225–254. 1626:[The embarrassing report of the anti-cult expert]. 541:

Some of Landmark's courses require participants to start a

473:

to "audit" them. Landmark had been listed as a cult by the

3840:

Kornbluth, Jesse (March 19, 1976). "The Fuhrer over EST".

3205:

Comparative Perspectives on Judaisms and Jewish Identities

2923:

The Death of Psychotherapy: From Freud to Alien Abductions

1741:"Helping professionals take up community welfare projects" 1649: 1647: 625:

both classified Landmark and its predecessor organization

3188:. Walnut Creek, California: Rowman Altamira. p. 88. 3001:

Snapping: America's Epidemic of Sudden Personality Change

2588: 2581: 876:"Est, Werner Erhard and The Corporatization of Self-Help" 3915:

McCrone, John (November 22, 2008). "A Landmark Change".

1859: 1857: 1414:"I thought I'd be brainwashed. But how wrong could I be" 271:

and scholars of religion have classified Landmark as a "

1167:

Ney v. Landmark Education Corporation and Werner Erhard

3635:"International Religious Freedom Report 2005: Austria" 3449:(in French). San Francisco, California. Archived from 1820: 1818: 1816: 1803: 1801: 1343:

Rusnell, Charles; Russell, Jennie (October 17, 2014).

640:

Renee Lockwood, a sociology of religion researcher at

55:

A major contributor to this article appears to have a

3652:"International Religious Freedom Report 2005: Sweden" 2854:. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. 2287: 1244: 1242: 1176:

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

795:

in 2004 following his appearance in the documentary.

461:, in which she mentioned Landmark as a controversial 3571:. Sacramento, California: California. Archived from 3546:. Sacramento, California: California. Archived from 3018:

Koocher, Gerald P.; Keith-Spiegel, Patricia (2008).

2102:

The Study of Religion: Traditional and New Religions

2053:

International Journal for the Study of New Religions

1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 973:"The Landmark Forum: 42 Hours, $ 500, 65 Breakdowns" 922: 920: 918: 829:

List of large-group awareness training organizations

4206: 4175: 3721:"Hired to Bring Order, Kings' Adviser Brings Peace" 3207:. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. 2626:

Self-Help Group Backs Off Attack on Internet Critic

1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 999: 997: 995: 916: 914: 912: 910: 908: 906: 904: 902: 900: 898: 225: 206: 196: 184: 176: 168: 158: 150: 135: 125: 114: 3650:Office of International Religious Freedom (2006). 3633:Office of International Religious Freedom (2005). 2673: 2444: 1496: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1054: 4012:D'Souza, Christa (July 13, 2008). "Sex Therapy". 3443:"Landmark Education – Droit de Répons – France 3" 2007:. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. p. 256. 1743:. Chennai, India: Hindu Times. September 13, 2010 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1338: 1336: 404:reporters variously as: "evangelical", having "a 310:, which was restructured into Landmark Education 2835:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 2189:; Harrison, Victoria S.; Goetz, Stewart (eds.). 2042: 2040: 1763:"Charity walk to boost anti-suicide initiatives" 1097: 1095: 1093: 3611:"EFF and Internet Archive response to Landmark" 1624:"L'embarrassant rapport de l'expert antisectes" 869: 867: 865: 863: 861: 859: 857: 855: 853: 649:says that Landmark could be considered an NRM. 4043:"Une secte démasquée grâce à la caméra cachée" 2773:The SAGE Handbook of the Sociology of Religion 2698:(1996). "New Religions and Mental Health". In 2544: 2360:The SAGE Handbook of the Sociology of Religion 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1435: 1433: 27:Company offering personal development programs 4293:Employee-owned companies of the United States 4153: 3808:. Perth, Western Australia: News Corporation. 1897: 1895: 8: 2104:. London: Routledge. pp. 165–166, 171. 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 100: 3499:. San Francisco, California. Archived from 3474:. San Francisco, California. Archived from 3424:. San Francisco, California. Archived from 3399:. San Francisco, California. Archived from 3320:"Landmark's letter to the Internet Archive" 2610:Landmark Education and the Internet Archive 1837: 1835: 1833: 699:Evaluating a Large Group Awareness Training 684:Evaluating a Large Group Awareness Training 475:Parliamentary Commission on Cults in France 4160: 4146: 4138: 3991:"France 3: L'investigation prend du galon" 2726:Werner Erhard: The Transformation of a Man 2537: 2153: 1549:. Phoenix, Arizona: Phoenix New Times, LLC 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 416:Landmark has faced accusations of being a 358:was re-structured into Landmark Education 260:programs, with their most-known being the 99: 3234:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2981:Cults, Conspiracies, and Secret Societies 2753:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2595: 2574: 2398:(2001) . "The Human Potential Movement". 2167: 966: 964: 962: 960: 958: 956: 692:course) and compared their outcomes to a 172:The Landmark Forum, associated coursework 86:Learn how and when to remove this message 3761:Faltermayer, Charlotte (June 24, 2001). 3294:Landmark (Art Schreiber) (May 3, 2005). 2657:. New York: Vintage Books/Random House. 2128: 2031: 1199: 1187: 653:, a researcher on NRMs and cults said: " 4313:Training companies of the United States 4288:Education companies established in 1991 2507: 2294: 2160: 1908: 1824: 1807: 1104:"You're O.K., But I'm Not. Let's Share" 849: 3150:. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira. 2558: 2185:(2013). "New Religious Movements". In 2146: 1947: 1933: 1915: 1715:Rosman, Katherine (February 2, 2016). 4066:"Voyage au pays des nouveaux gourous" 4021:Stassen, Wilma (September 11, 2008). 3782:Grigoriadis, Vanessa (July 9, 2001). 3186:Understanding New Religious Movements 3022:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2864:The A to Z of New Religious Movements 1539:Scioscia, Amanda (October 19, 2000). 1374:Thornburgh, Nathan (April 10, 2011). 718:In his review of the Landmark Forum, 7: 3148:Encyclopedia of Religion and Society 2999:Conway, Flo; Siegelman, Jim (1995). 1969:. Detroit: MacMillan. p. 6568. 1509:from the original on October 6, 2006 1026:Phillips, Caroline (March 1, 2017). 678:Large Group Awareness Training study 3894:McClure, Laura (July–August 2009). 3676:"Defence workers trained by 'cult'" 3590:"Landmark and the Internet Archive" 3366:Landmark staff (February 1, 2008). 2907:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2813:. New York: Macmillan/St. Martins. 2521: 2493: 1663:. November 18, 2010. Archived from 1376:"Change We Can (Almost) Believe In" 1102:Alford, Henry (November 26, 2010). 3957:"Landsting köpte kurs av Landmark" 3858:Lemonniera, Marie (May 19, 2005). 3342:Landmark (Art Schreiber) (2006b). 3318:Landmark (Art Schreiber) (2006a). 2984:. New York: Vintage/Random House. 2925:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. 2888:. London: Routledge. p. 123. 2708:. London and New York: Routledge. 2500: 2451:. Oxford: Lion. pp. 406–407. 1412:Hill, Amelia (December 14, 2003). 1296:Change We Can (almost) Believe In. 971:McClure, Laura (August 17, 2009). 202:500 employees and 7,500 volunteers 25: 4278:1991 establishments in California 4224:Getting It: The Psychology of est 4023:"Inside a Landmark Forum weekend" 3955:Palme, Christian (June 3, 2002). 3740:Gordon, Suzanne (December 1978). 2886:The Routledge Companion to Theism 2192:The Routledge Companion to Theism 1690:Sacks, Danielle (April 1, 2009). 1622:Vézard, Frédéric (May 28, 2004). 1592:. pp. 161–168, footnote 64. 399:Controversial marketing practices 384:United States Department of Labor 322:and consulting to organizations. 4283:Companies based in San Francisco 3620:. Electronic Frontier Foundation 3596:. Electronic Frontier Foundation 3353:. Electronic Frontier Foundation 3329:. Electronic Frontier Foundation 3169:. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. 3087:. Oxford University Press, USA. 3065:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2833:Teaching New Religious Movements 2729:. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. 1655:"General Tso, Meet Steven Covey" 1330:. Retrieved on October 22, 2008. 1294:Nathan Thornberg April 10, 2011 1291:. Retrieved on October 22, 2008. 1284:. Retrieved on October 22, 2008. 800:Digital Millennium Copyright Act 106: 66:. Please discuss further on the 45: 4099:Rayman, Graham (May 20, 2008). 4064:Tessier, Odine (May 20, 2004). 3813:Hukill, Traci (July 15, 1998). 2940:Farber, Sharon Klayman (2012). 2680:. New York: Penguin/Portfolio. 927:Beedle, Heidi (July 24, 2019). 874:Snider, Suzanne (May 1, 2003). 256:for-profit company that offers 4303:Large-group awareness training 3933:Odasso, Diane (June 5, 2008). 3518:"The Landmark Advanced Course" 2771:; Demerath, Jay, eds. (2007). 2630:Electronic Frontier Foundation 2614:Electronic Frontier Foundation 2589:Landmark (Art Schreiber) 2006b 2582:Landmark (Art Schreiber) 2006a 2475:. May 24, 2004. Archived from 2244:. Routledge (published 2002). 1842:Allinson, Amber (April 2014). 812:Electronic Frontier Foundation 690:Large Group Awareness Training 455:). After Singer wrote a book, 281:Large Group Awareness Training 18:Landmark Education and the law 1: 3887:National Post: Saturday Night 3860:"Chez les gourous en cravate" 3719:Dewan, Shaila (May 3, 2010). 3569:California Secretary of State 3544:California Secretary of State 3344:"Landmark's letter to Google" 3232:Cults, Religion, and Violence 3083:; Puttick, Elizabeth (2004). 2447:Encyclopedia of New Religions 218:Tekniko Licensing Corporation 4198:Werner Erhard and Associates 2723:Bartley, William W. (1978). 1202:, pp. 245–246, 254–255. 934:Colorado Springs Independent 781:In 2004, the French channel 764:Colorado Springs Independent 755:Reporter Laura McClure with 746:Journalist Amelia Hill with 621:and sociologist of religion 526:, the founder and co-CEO of 354:In 2003, Landmark Education 4074:(in French). Archived from 3919:. Christchurch New Zealand. 3902:. San Francisco, California 3868:(in French). Archived from 3748:. San Francisco, California 3167:Perspectives on the New Age 2850:Chryssides, George (1999). 2357:; Demerath, N. Jay (eds.). 2321:Literature & Aesthetics 1848:The Mayfair Magazine (U.K.) 1250:"Landmark Company Overview" 738:Amber Allinson, writing in 412:Accusations of being a cult 4329: 4109:. New York. Archived from 3989:Roy, Anne (May 24, 2004). 3703:The New York Times Company 3305:. Cult Education Institute 3108:. New York: St. Martin's. 2921:Eisner, Donald A. (2000). 2905:A Dictionary of Psychology 2903:Colman, Andrew M. (2009). 2750:Social Theory and Religion 2288:Beckford et al., eds. 2007 1472:Erhard Seminars Training ( 681: 509:Communications Decency Act 139:January 16, 1991 29: 4242: 3258:20 Jahre Elterninitiative 3102:Pressman, Steven (1993). 1722:The Sydney Morning Herald 704:internal locus of control 490:Order of the Solar Temple 180:$ 100 million (2016) 154:San Francisco, California 105: 4183:Erhard Seminars Training 3935:"My Landmark Experience" 3565:"Entity Number C1197599" 3203:Sharot, Stephen (2011). 3184:Saliba, John A. (2003). 3003:. New York: Stillpoint. 2978:Goldwag, Arthur (2009). 2047:Lockwood, Renee (2011). 1966:Encyclopedia of Religion 1541:"Drive-thru Deliverance" 642:The University of Sydney 341:Human Potential Movement 304:Erhard Seminars Training 290:, which was centered in 288:Human Potential Movement 248:before 2013), or simply 30:Not to be confused with 3963:. DN.SE. Archived from 3516:Landmark staff (2015). 3491:Landmark staff (2014). 3466:Landmark staff (2014). 3441:Landmark staff (2004). 3416:Landmark staff (2002). 3391:Landmark staff (2002). 3129:Handbook of the New Age 2852:Exploring New Religions 2809:Boulware, Jack (2000). 2790:Bhugra, Dinesh (1997). 2547:), Landmark's response; 2401:Exploring New Religions 2215:self. The Forum and/or 1866:Contemporary Philosophy 1590:Oxford University Press 1287:LandmarkWorldwide.com. 1280:LandmarkWorldwide.com. 669:new religious movements 318:, markets and delivers 192:$ 5 million (2016) 118:Privately held company 3984:. Melbourne, Victoria. 3085:New Religions: A Guide 3081:Partridge, Christopher 2479:on September 13, 2009. 2309:10.15640/imjcr.v3n2a14 2065:10.1558/ijsnr.v2i2.225 1660:Bloomberg Businessweek 1503:New Jersey Law Journal 1301:April 1, 2019, at the 1130:: The dark journey of 631:new religious movement 453:Cult Awareness Network 451:,) and organizations ( 273:new religious movement 101:Landmark Worldwide LLC 4219:est: Playing the Game 3865:Le Nouvel Observateur 3784:"Pay Money, Be Happy" 3493:"Landmark Fact Sheet" 3403:on September 27, 2007 2963:. Los Angeles: SAGE. 2959:Gastil, John (2010). 2860:Chryssides, George D. 2811:San Francisco Bizarro 2396:Chryssides, George D. 2290:, pp. 229, 687); 1315:(February 1, 2008). " 1074:"Pay Money, Be Happy" 64:neutral point of view 4078:on December 13, 2014 3917:The Press Supplement 3815:"The est of Friends" 3575:on November 29, 2014 3540:"LP/LLC Information" 3061:Paris, Joel (2013). 2961:The Group in Society 2156:, pp. 197–198); 2131:, pp. 196–197). 1850:. April 2014: 72–73. 1070:Grigoriadis, Vanessa 775:France 3 documentary 740:The Mayfair Magazine 298:created and ran the 258:personal-development 164:Harry Rosenberg, CEO 130:Personal development 4229:Outrageous Betrayal 4041:TD (May 24, 2004). 3889:. Toronto, Ontario. 3872:on January 21, 2009 3844:. New York: Hirsch. 3827:on January 23, 2009 3563:CASS staff (1987). 3550:on January 31, 2008 3538:CASS staff (2003). 3378:on January 20, 2018 2866:. Scarecrow Press. 2545:Landmark staff 2004 2236:Sutherland, Stewart 2187:Taliaferro, Charles 1878:10.2139/ssrn.278955 1767:Bay of Plenty Times 1353:. Ottawa, Ontario. 1282:Landmark Fact Sheet 1128:Outrageous Betrayal 806:, YouTube, and the 788:Pièces à Conviction 536:Lululemon Athletica 429:clinical psychology 390:Business consulting 198:Number of employees 102: 4193:Landmark Worldwide 4188:The Hunger Project 4113:on August 3, 2008. 3851:Jewish Independent 3763:"The Best of est?" 3742:"Let Them Eat est" 3726:The New York Times 3609:EFF staff (2007). 3588:EFF staff (2011). 3522:Landmark Worldwide 3497:Landmark Worldwide 3472:Landmark Education 3447:Landmark Education 3422:Landmark Education 3397:Landmark Education 2769:Beckford, James A. 2745:Beckford, James A. 2355:Beckford, James A. 1995:Beckford, James A. 1844:"Mind over Matter" 1495:Toutant, Charles. 1322:2009-04-08 at the 1254:Landmark Worldwide 1219:"The Best of Est?" 1142:St. Martin's Press 769:community projects 471:Jean-Marie Abgrall 458:Cults in Our Midst 246:Landmark Education 242:Landmark Worldwide 4265: 4264: 4247:Wikimedia Commons 4106:The Village Voice 3982:Sunday Herald Sun 3967:on August 7, 2011 3928:. Dublin Ireland. 3788:New York Magazine 3428:on August 3, 2002 3228:Melton, J. Gordon 3224:Bromley, David G. 3214:978-0-8143-3401-0 3195:978-0-7591-0355-9 3138:978-90-04-15355-4 3072:978-0-230-33696-4 3053:978-0-19-987599-3 3029:978-0-19-514911-1 2991:978-0-307-39067-7 2970:978-1-4129-2468-9 2951:978-0-7657-0858-8 2914:978-0-19-953406-7 2895:978-0-415-88164-7 2842:978-0-19-517729-9 2829:Bromley, David G. 2782:978-1-4129-1195-5 2687:978-1-59184-027-5 2664:978-0-375-75649-8 2458:978-0-7459-5073-0 2411:978-0-8264-5959-6 2370:978-1-4462-0652-2 2251:978-1-134-92221-5 2202:978-0-415-88164-7 1769:. August 20, 2011 1599:978-0-19-973521-1 1546:Phoenix New Times 1460:978-0-415-96577-4 1231:on May 29, 2007. 1140:. New York City: 881:Believer Magazine 793:Jean-Pierre Brard 735:in front of me." 667:and an expert in 651:George Chryssides 623:James A. Beckford 543:community project 534:, the founder of 252:, is an American 239: 238: 231:landmarkworldwide 96: 95: 88: 59:with its subject. 16:(Redirected from 4320: 4162: 4155: 4148: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4131:Official website 4114: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4017: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3985: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3890: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3854: 3845: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3823:. Archived from 3809: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3715: 3706: 3698:The Boston Globe 3691: 3689: 3687: 3674:ABC News staff. 3663: 3661: 3659: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3503:on July 21, 2013 3487: 3485: 3483: 3478:on July 21, 2013 3462: 3460: 3458: 3453:on July 21, 2011 3437: 3435: 3433: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3374:. 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Archived from 1214: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1123:Pressman, Steven 1120: 1114: 1113: 1099: 1088: 1087: 1072:(July 9, 2001). 1066: 1049: 1048: 1042: 1040: 1033:Spear's magazine 1023: 990: 989: 987: 985: 968: 951: 950: 948: 946: 941:on July 24, 2019 937:. Archived from 924: 893: 892: 890: 888: 871: 824:Applied Ontology 808:Internet Archive 507:, regarding the 505:Donato v. Moldow 481: 334:(creator of the 235: 232: 146: 144: 110: 103: 91: 84: 80: 77: 71: 57:close connection 49: 48: 41: 36:Landmark College 21: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4317: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4238: 4214:The Book of est 4202: 4171: 4166: 4129: 4128: 4125: 4098: 4095: 4093:Further reading 4090: 4081: 4079: 4063: 4054: 4052: 4040: 4031: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 4000: 3988: 3979: 3970: 3968: 3954: 3945: 3943: 3940:Huffington Post 3932: 3923: 3914: 3905: 3903: 3893: 3884: 3875: 3873: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3830: 3828: 3812: 3802: 3793: 3791: 3790:. 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(1988). 2230: 2229: 2225: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2170:, p. 406). 2154:Chryssides 2006 2149:, p. 126); 2141: 2137: 2123: 2119: 2112: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2077: 2075: 2046: 2045: 2038: 2030: 2026: 2015: 1999:Robbins, Thomas 1993: 1992: 1988: 1977: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1946: 1942: 1928: 1924: 1900: 1893: 1863: 1862: 1855: 1841: 1840: 1831: 1823: 1814: 1806: 1799: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1772: 1770: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1746: 1744: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1670: 1668: 1653: 1652: 1645: 1635: 1633: 1621: 1620: 1607: 1600: 1580: 1579: 1566: 1552: 1550: 1538: 1537: 1522: 1512: 1510: 1494: 1493: 1482: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1445:Robbins, Thomas 1439: 1438: 1431: 1411: 1410: 1393: 1373: 1372: 1361: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1324:Wayback Machine 1314: 1310: 1303:Wayback Machine 1289:Company History 1276: 1272: 1258: 1256: 1248: 1247: 1240: 1216: 1215: 1206: 1198: 1194: 1186: 1182: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1121: 1117: 1101: 1100: 1091: 1068: 1067: 1052: 1038: 1036: 1025: 1024: 993: 983: 981: 970: 969: 954: 944: 942: 926: 925: 896: 886: 884: 873: 872: 851: 847: 820: 777: 716: 708:self-perception 686: 680: 663:, professor of 661:Stephen A. Kent 615: 610: 551: 518: 479: 433:Margaret Singer 414: 401: 392: 366:company, whose 328: 286:As part of the 229: 221: 215:The Vanto Group 199: 189: 161: 142: 140: 92: 81: 75: 72: 61: 50: 46: 39: 32:Landmark School 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4326: 4324: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4308:Self religions 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4270: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4165: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4124: 4123:External links 4121: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4088: 4061: 4038: 4018: 4009: 3986: 3977: 3961:Dagens Nyheter 3952: 3930: 3926:Sunday Tribune 3921: 3912: 3891: 3882: 3855: 3846: 3837: 3810: 3800: 3779: 3758: 3716: 3707: 3692: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3647: 3630: 3606: 3585: 3560: 3534: 3533: 3513: 3488: 3463: 3438: 3413: 3388: 3363: 3339: 3315: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3270: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3240: 3219: 3213: 3200: 3194: 3181: 3175: 3162: 3156: 3143: 3137: 3120: 3114: 3099: 3093: 3077: 3071: 3058: 3052: 3034: 3028: 3015: 3009: 2996: 2990: 2975: 2969: 2956: 2950: 2937: 2931: 2913: 2900: 2894: 2878: 2872: 2856: 2847: 2841: 2825: 2819: 2806: 2800: 2787: 2781: 2765: 2759: 2741: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2700:Bhugra, Dinesh 2696:Barker, Eileen 2692: 2686: 2669: 2663: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2618: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2596:EFF staff 2007 2592: 2585: 2578: 2575:EFF staff 2011 2563: 2551: 2549: 2548: 2541: 2526: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2504: 2497: 2482: 2464: 2457: 2435: 2410: 2387: 2369: 2342: 2327:(1): 108–130. 2311: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2297:, p. 48). 2291: 2276: 2267: 2250: 2223: 2201: 2174: 2172: 2171: 2168:Partridge 2004 2164: 2157: 2150: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2117: 2110: 2089: 2036: 2024: 2013: 1986: 1976:978-0028657431 1975: 1961:Barker, Eileen 1952: 1940: 1938: 1937: 1922: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1905: 1891: 1853: 1829: 1812: 1797: 1783: 1754: 1732: 1707: 1682: 1643: 1605: 1598: 1564: 1520: 1480: 1459: 1441:Barker, Eileen 1429: 1391: 1359: 1332: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1292: 1285: 1270: 1238: 1204: 1192: 1180: 1158: 1115: 1109:New York Times 1089: 1050: 991: 952: 894: 848: 846: 843: 842: 841: 836: 831: 826: 819: 816: 776: 773: 721:New York Times 715: 712: 682:Main article: 679: 676: 647:Thomas Robbins 614: 611: 609: 606: 589: 588: 585: 582: 578: 574: 570: 550: 549:Landmark Forum 547: 517: 514: 501:with prejudice 497:Rick Alan Ross 435:), magazines ( 413: 410: 400: 397: 391: 388: 327: 324: 262:Landmark Forum 254:employee-owned 237: 236: 227: 223: 222: 220: 219: 216: 212: 210: 204: 203: 200: 197: 194: 193: 190: 185: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 162: 159: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 116: 112: 111: 94: 93: 53: 51: 44: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4325: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4298:Werner Erhard 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4169:Werner Erhard 4163: 4158: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4140: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4082:September 21, 4077: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4055:September 21, 4050: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4003:September 21, 3998: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3768: 3767:Time Magazine 3764: 3759: 3747: 3743: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3712:Union-Tribune 3708: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3693: 3682:. 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Oxford UP. 3045: 3044: 3039: 3038:Palmer, Susan 3035: 3031: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3010:0-9647650-0-4 3006: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2983: 2982: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2932:0-275-96413-2 2928: 2924: 2916: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2873:0-8108-5588-7 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2820:0-312-20671-2 2816: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2801:0-415-16512-1 2797: 2794:. Routledge. 2793: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2760:0-521-77431-4 2756: 2752: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2736:0-517-53502-5 2732: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2717: 2715:0-415-08955-7 2711: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2460: 2454: 2449: 2448: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2425: 2413: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2372: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2312: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2253: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2232:Clarke, Peter 2227: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2204: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2178: 2175: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2130: 2129:Ramstedt 2007 2126: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2113: 2111:0-415-06432-5 2107: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2032:Beckford 2003 2028: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2014:0-415-96576-4 2010: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1872:(1 & 2). 1871: 1867: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1462: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1200:Pressman 1993 1196: 1193: 1189: 1188:Marshall 1997 1184: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:0-312-09296-2 1147: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1132:Werner Erhard 1129: 1124: 1119: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1002: 1000: 998: 996: 992: 980: 979: 974: 967: 965: 963: 961: 959: 957: 953: 940: 936: 935: 930: 923: 921: 919: 917: 915: 913: 911: 909: 907: 905: 903: 901: 899: 895: 883: 882: 877: 870: 868: 866: 864: 862: 860: 858: 856: 854: 850: 844: 840: 839:Mind Dynamics 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 821: 817: 815: 813: 809: 805: 801: 796: 794: 790: 789: 784: 779: 774: 772: 770: 766: 765: 760: 759: 753: 751: 750: 744: 741: 736: 733: 732: 727: 723: 722: 713: 711: 709: 705: 701: 700: 695: 694:control group 691: 685: 677: 675: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 656: 652: 648: 643: 638: 636: 635:self religion 632: 628: 624: 620: 619:Eileen Barker 612: 607: 605: 603: 602: 596: 592: 586: 583: 579: 575: 571: 568: 564: 563: 562: 559: 557: 548: 546: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 528:Panda Express 525: 524:Andrew Cherng 521: 515: 513: 510: 506: 502: 498: 493: 491: 487: 486: 476: 472: 467: 464: 460: 459: 454: 450: 446: 445: 440: 439: 434: 430: 425: 423: 419: 411: 409: 407: 398: 396: 389: 387: 385: 381: 375: 373: 369: 368:employees own 365: 361: 357: 352: 348: 346: 342: 337: 333: 332:Werner Erhard 325: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 296:Werner Erhard 293: 292:San Francisco 289: 284: 282: 278: 274: 270: 265: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 234: 228: 224: 217: 214: 213: 211: 209: 205: 201: 195: 191: 188: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 157: 153: 149: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 98: 90: 87: 79: 69: 65: 60: 58: 52: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 4192: 4111:the original 4104: 4080:. 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Law.com. 1259:December 7, 1152:, p. 254. ( 1112:. New York. 984:October 13, 887:November 1, 532:Chip Wilson 485:Le Parisien 356:Corporation 316:Vanto Group 308:Corporation 4272:Categories 4252:Wikisource 4032:October 2, 3996:L'Humanité 3769:. New York 3658:August 28, 3641:August 28, 3468:"Overview" 3418:"Overview" 3372:PRNewswire 2639:References 1636:August 27, 834:Lifespring 480:€45,699.49 431:professor 380:for-profit 364:for-profit 283:programs. 244:(known as 187:Net income 160:Key people 143:1991-01-16 4257:Wikiquote 4118:Business. 4027:Health 24 4016:. 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