1041:
corroborating or validating. Secondly and most importantly, because of the nature of telephone interpreting as an on-demand commoditised service, this industry segment is notoriously incestuous. The prevalence of subcontracting has created a complex and volatile web of cross-dependencies, with some end-customer calls traversing a chain of organisations each subcontracting to the next. This concatenation means that the volumes of business declared in market-wide surveys incorporates a significant amount of double, triple and even quadruple counting.
61:
868:(e.g. '9-1-1' or '1-1-2'), and others. Telephone interpreting is especially helpful for settings in which the two parties would communicate via telephone anyway, such as interactions between call centers and consumers, calls between members of the public and emergency telephone call centres, etc. Telephone interpreting can be used to take applications over the phone and help individuals with account issues.
1083:
940:
622:
746:
valuation. Since that period, public sector contracting has dominated the landscape. Unlike the de facto demand of
Spanish in the US the rapid Telephone interpretation growth in the UK was driven by the Disability Discrimination Act (replaced by the Equality Act), and the migratory influences of Europe. This is why market growth in the private sector is much smaller in the UK.
572:
There are many types of organizations that provide telephone interpreting services, including for-profit companies, governmental organizations, non-profit groups, and internal divisions within organizations. For example, the government of
Australia operates a telephone interpreting service, as do the
581:
In the United States, telephone interpreting is widely used by its federal courts. Numerous commercial providers are also available and commonly used. Many of the commercial telephone interpreting providers connect users with interpreters for more than 150 languages. Some providers claim to have the
1036:
In 2007, the global telephone interpreting market was claimed to be worth $ 700 million, with an estimated $ 500 million generated in the United States. Industry analyst firm Common Sense
Advisory estimates that in 2012, the market will be worth $ 1.2 billion, an increase of 70% from
741:
At that time, the US market was roughly 8-years more advanced: telephone interpreting was more broadly accepted as a substitute service for many face-to-face interpreted situations, viewed much more as a commodity, and where technological innovation was driving supplier dominance. The UK's approach
479:
via telephone to individuals who wish to speak to each other but do not share a common language. The telephone interpreter converts the spoken language from one language to another, enabling listeners and speakers to understand each other. Interpretation over the telephone most often takes place in
733:
In 2006, the US corporate
Language Line Inc. acquired Language Line Ltd. However, during 2006, the Department for Work and Pensions created the "Pan Government Framework for Telephone Interpreting" (contract reference CAG/912/0181). This was the first national contract encompassing the UK public
749:
There is now a prevalence of companies that offer this service, many on a global basis which is a natural benefit of "virtualising" interpretation. Similarly to translation, the diversity of organisations cover generic interpretation, as well as domain-specific services such as legal, medical,
745:
By 2008 the value of this Pan
Government contract had exceeded £12m, however when considering extraneous areas of public, private and third-sector spend at this time, the UK telephone interpreting whole-market value is estimated at £20m. This is the first known UK telephone interpreting market
1040:
It has to be noted however that market-size estimates have historically been fundamentally flawed for two principal reasons. Reports and sources such as all of those referenced above rely almost entirely on self-reporting by the service providers in the industry, with no substantive way of
726:, so he obtained grant funding to provide free telephone interpreters starting in 1990. He branded this service the Language Line, and which went on to become the UK company Language Line Limited. The company grew significantly in its public sector client base, from Police on the
914:, who can also translate as well across principal languages (such as to and from SSL, to and from spoken English), are also available, albeit less frequently. Such activities involve considerable effort on the part of the translator, since
1058:: for use where a deaf/hard-of-hearing/speech-impaired person is not located at the same place as the hearing person. The sign language interpreter is additionally situated in a third location, typically a video-enabled relay call centre.
827:: utilise customer-care staff to answer the call, gather the required information from the caller, and facilitate the connection to the interpreter. A service of this nature can be preferred by organisations such as
1037:
2007. The market for telephone interpreting is global in scope and includes companies from the United States, the
Netherlands, Sweden, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, India, China, Norway, Spain, and Hong Kong.
742:
to delivery was very much shaped by this, with one key difference: in the US 80% of non-English demand was
Spanish, whereas UK demand was driven by a more diverse dispersion of Eastern European migratory languages.
488:
before rendering the interpretation into the other language. As the use of the telephonic modality is increasing it is allowing users to access an interpreter immediately, regardless of time and location.
766:
are also sometimes used, but these can create challenges both in terms of confidentiality, and for the interpreter, especially due to background noise, which can hinder the interpreter's ability to hear.
762:. However, if the two parties wishing to communicate are in the same location, using a dual handset phone, a phone with two receivers, can relieve the two parties from passing a phone back and forth.
791:
1411:
738:. Driven by the contract win, thebigword developed the UK's first proprietary telephone interpreting platform in 2007 under the stewardship of Simon Moxon and Jonathan Potter.
849:
Be connected to a call-centre agent who will already know who the caller is, and will facilitate other data capture relevant to the call (including the required language)
582:
ability to connect an interpreter at any time of day, within a matter of seconds. Some hospitals and health care systems also provide telephone interpreting services.
421:
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546:
2000s: Telephone interpretation becomes more sophisticated; quality of interpreting, faster connection speeds, and customer service become important to consumers.
324:
750:
pharmaceutical and other technical. The UK and US markets are also very heavily influenced by the fact they are largely delivered by a freelance supply chain.
433:
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Additionally, some of the companies that have the required capability will offer a hybrid of the two principles, where for example a customer can:
1100:
406:
1064:: for use where a deaf/hard-of-hearing/speech-impaired person and the hearing person are located at the same place, such as a hospital, with the
1365:
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1981–1990: Telephone interpreting enters major U.S. industries including financial services, telecommunications, healthcare, and public safety.
496:
or delivery mechanism for providing interpreting services. Other forms of delivering interpreting services include in-person interpreting and
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1990s: The demand for telephone interpreting grows significantly; contributing factors include decreased prices in long-distance calls,
319:
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1023:
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597:, Pacific Interpreters. As of 2022 Transperfect is the largest grossing language service provider in the United States, followed by
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1973: Australia introduces telephone interpretation as a fee-free service to respond to its growing immigrant communities.
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Telephone interpreting is widely used in a number of settings, including health care, government, hospitals, financial,
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who holds the third spot. As the demand grows for language services so does the amount of language providers.
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1561:"Telephone Interpreting Framework Expiry Date - cais Rhyddid Gwybodaeth i Adran Gwaith a Phensiynau"
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891:. In such cases the interpretation flow is normally within the same principal language, such as
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1614:"Common Sense Advisory Releases Ranking of Top 15 Telephone Interpreting Providers Worldwide"
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noticed that language barriers were leading to substandard services for ethnic minorities at
919:
515:
1981: The first Over-the-Phone
Interpretation (OPI) service is offered in the United States.
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1950s: Telephone lines first proposed as a medium for the delivery of interpreting services.
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data into a request for connecting to an interpreter in a specific language (identified by
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Users typically access telephone interpreting services with a telephone or computer with
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The provisioning of telephone interpreting generally fits into two main categories:
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2005: The U.S. telephone interpreting market is estimated at $ 200 million.
242:
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907:(ASL) also to spoken English (since BSL and ASL are completely distinct), etc.
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sector telephone interpreting provision, and it was awarded to UK competitor
17:
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1366:"LanguageLine Solutions Acquires Pacific Interpreters in New Year's Deal"
585:
Major providers of telephone interpretation in the United States include
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484:, which means that the interpreter waits until the speaker finishes an
227:
532:, patents a multiple-handset phone adapted for telephone interpreting.
923:
386:
381:
1388:"Teleperformance of France Buying LanguageLine for $ 1.52 Billion"
880:
771:
759:
735:
1631:
Telephone
Interpreting: A Comprehensive Guide to the Profession
1302:
Telephone
Interpreting: A Comprehensive Guide to the Profession
1270:
Telephone Interpreting: A Comprehensive Guide to the Profession
608:
In 2013, Language Line Services acquired Pacific Interpreters.
1076:
933:
615:
1483:"Telephone Interpreting Now Available to All District Courts"
1518:
552:
2013: Language Lines Services acquires Pacific Interpreters.
27:
Service connecting human interpreters to users via telephone
831:, where the client's knowledge of language codes is absent.
1502:"A Medical Interpreter's Guide to Telephone Interpreting"
1195:. Pöchhacker, Franz. Abingdon, Oxon. 25 September 2015.
528:
1995: Language services company Kevmark, later known as
1485:. United States Federal District Courts. Archived from
730:(his second client) across clients in most sectors.
1107:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
879:(VRS) are also useful where one of the parties is
813:application is employed to convert spoken or keyed
498:
video interpreting for the deaf and hard of hearing
1507:. International Medical Interpreters Association.
1600:"Telephone Interpreting in Health Care Settings"
1360:
1358:
1342:"Language Line Sees More Need For Interpreters"
842:Input their "account code" into a single-layer
1193:Routledge encyclopedia of interpreting studies
1602:. American Translators Association Chronicle.
573:governments of South Africa and New Zealand.
453:
8:
1295:
1293:
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1289:
1412:"Australian Telephone Interpreting Service"
792:necessary video telecommunication equipment
1223:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
460:
446:
39:
1246:. Universitat de Valencia. Archived from
1167:Learn how and when to remove this message
1024:Learn how and when to remove this message
706:Learn how and when to remove this message
1244:"Telephone Interpreting: Boon or Bane?"
1184:
332:
301:
255:
199:
153:
67:
51:
1216:
960:Please improve this section by adding
642:Please improve this section by adding
412:Bhagavad-gita translations by language
269:Internationalization and localization
7:
1616:. Common Sense Advisory. 2008-06-21.
1459:"New Zealand Interpretation Service"
1272:. Trafford Publishing. p. 302.
1105:adding citations to reliable sources
1440:South Africa Interpretation Service
402:Books and magazines on translation
25:
1326:"Single-Line Multi-Handset Phone"
1081:
938:
922:with their own construction and
866:emergency telephone call centres
844:Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
815:Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF)
811:Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
782:, communication via an off-site
620:
539:sells language services company
59:
1092:needs additional citations for
525:access, and immigration trends.
1386:Ricadela, Aaron (2016-08-22).
492:Telephone interpreting is one
434:Kural translations by language
407:Bible translations by language
182:Dynamic and formal equivalence
1:
1416:healthtranslations.vic.gov.au
962:secondary or tertiary sources
903:(BSL) to spoken English, and
871:Telephone interpretation via
644:secondary or tertiary sources
422:List of most translated works
223:Translation management system
555:2016: France-based company
1681:
912:sign language interpreters
857:
29:
1579:insights.csa-research.com
1330:, Google Patents listing.
1066:sign language interpreter
1062:Video Remote Interpreting
899:(SSL) to spoken Spanish,
873:Video Remote Interpreting
786:can be performed using a
784:sign language interpreter
1500:Kelly, N (August 2008).
1116:"Telephone interpreting"
973:"Telephone interpreting"
895:(FSL) to spoken French,
718:British social activist
655:"Telephone interpreting"
563:for $ 1.52 billion.
397:Journalistic translation
1665:Language interpretation
1304:. Trafford Publishing.
1051:Language interpretation
559:announces plans to buy
279:Video game localization
187:Contrastive linguistics
32:Language interpretation
1598:Kelly, N (June 2007).
1300:Kelly, Nataly (2008).
1268:Kelly, Nataly (2008).
949:relies excessively on
905:American Sign Language
846:using the phone keypad
839:Call in to the service
631:relies excessively on
599:Language Line Services
587:Language Line Services
561:LanguageLine Solutions
541:Language Line Services
473:Telephone interpreting
362:Telephone interpreting
248:Multimedia translation
1575:"CSA Research - View"
1542:Language Line History
1227:) CS1 maint: others (
901:British Sign Language
897:Spanish Sign Language
858:Further information:
819:unique language-codes
724:Royal London Hospital
595:CyraCom International
294:Software localization
274:Language localization
177:Translation criticism
106:Linguistic validation
1655:Assistive technology
1463:languageline.govt.nz
1101:improve this article
893:French Sign Language
289:Website localization
1056:Video Relay Service
877:Video Relay Service
860:Video Relay Service
770:Where one party is
504:Historical timeline
356:Video relay service
213:Machine translation
172:Translation project
162:Translation studies
36:Video relay service
1547:2010-05-01 at the
1445:2011-10-05 at the
1242:Mikkelson, Holly.
829:emergency services
218:Mobile translation
1344:. Monterey Herald
1311:978-1-4251-8501-5
1279:978-1-4251-8501-5
1202:978-1-317-39126-5
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1068:located off-site.
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341:Untranslatability
192:Polysystem theory
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417:Translated books
367:Language barrier
284:Dub localization
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885:hard-of-hearing
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475:connects human
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372:Fan translation
351:Transliteration
141:Sense-for-sense
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1563:. 20 May 2015.
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1519:"CSA Resreach"
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1489:on 2008-09-24.
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1639:1-4251-8501-0
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1436:
1433:
1422:on 2015-02-27
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1393:
1392:Bloomberg.com
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1250:on 2011-07-19
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969:Find sources:
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947:This section
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764:Speakerphones
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721:
720:Michael Young
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