183:
and Las
Piedras rivers. The Amahuca live in the community of Boca Pariamanu and in communities in isolation in the upper Piedras River. The Yine live in the Monte Savado indigenous territory, which is on the border of the Reserva Territorial Madre de Dios. The Yine of Monte Salvado arrived from the Urubamba region of Peru around 1994. Members of the indigenous community of Monte Salvado and the nearby Puerto Nuevo were evacuated by the federal government in 2013 following the appearance of 200 armed indigenous men who raided the village. The raiders took blankets, machetes, rope, and food. It remains unclear what provoked the attack, but various proposals have been put forward, including increasing threats by drug traffickers and loggers and unusually cold weather related to recent climate change.
226:
shipment of goods overland between ports in Brazil and ports in Peru. The full effects of the highway have not yet been experienced, because the highway was only completed in 2011, but portions of the lower and middle Las
Piedras are now under increased threat of deforestation. This conclusion is based on the fact that across the border in Acre, Brazil the paved highway affects the forests 45 km from the highway and there are points where the lower and middle Piedras are within 30 km of the highway. In addition to logging, agriculture and ecotourism, Brazil nuts are a major industry in the Piedras watershed. Recent changes to forestry laws are thought to be affecting the increased amount of wood being harvested in Brazil nut concessions in Madre de Dios.
45:
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watershed, there are also several large private conservation-oriented concessions, including the
Junglekeepers concession (20,234 hectares or 50,000 acres), which is a Peru-based non-profit, the Las Piedras Amazon Center (LPAC) (4,460 hectares or 11,000 acres), run by the Peruvian nonprofit ARCAmazon, the Arbio concession, run by Arbio Peru and land protected by Hoja Nueva, which is a US-based nonprofit.
175:, who enslaved and exploited the local native populations to extract latex. Members of the Masco-Piro living in voluntary isolation today are thought to be related to members of the Masco-Piro groups who fled local rubber barons before enslavement or after they attacked the rubber barons for being mistreated and later fled into the forests to avoid persecution.
141:. Below Alto Purus on the Piedras River is the Reserva Territorial Madre de Dios, which is the official territory of Masco-Piro indigenous people, who have been living in voluntary isolation since at least the time of the rubber boom that began in the 1860s. Downriver from the Reserva Territorial Madre de Dios are commercial timber
196:
occurred in the 1990s due indirectly to international demand for mahogany and tropical cedar. In 2002, a study estimated there were 231 logging camps in the
Piedras watershed with about 2,000 loggers operating in the area. At the time, researchers recorded more than $ 5 million USD worth of wood traveling to the local market in
200:
and that in one month the logging camps on the
Piedras River consumed more than 2,000 mammals and more than 2,000 birds. They also estimated the monthly harvest of bushmeat during this period was around 41,000 kg. During the logging boom of the 1990s and early 2000s, there were increased reports
195:
was granted a 1,500,0000 ha concession to prospect for oil. The company eventually pulled out of the region after insufficient quantities of oil were found. Logging of tropical hardwoods, particularly cedar and mahogany, has been a local commercial industry since the 1970s. The largest logging boom
166:
The original indigenous name of the
Piedras River is “Tacuatimanu”. Indigenous communities in the region include the Masco-Piro, Amahuaca and the Yine. In the first of many expeditions exploring the Piedras River, Father PĂo Aza lead a group in 1911 to locate local indigenous groups and settle them
182:
is part of the Arawak and the
Amahuaca is part of the Pano linguistic family. The Masco-Piro live on the tributaries of the Manu, Los Amigos, Las Piedras, and Tahuamanu Rivers (Castillo 2004). These semi-nomadic groups are believed to move seasonally between the headwaters of the Manu, Alto PĂşrus,
225:
has put increased pressure on the forests, wildlife, and indigenous communities of the
Piedras region. The Interoceanic Highway was a $ 2.8 billion (USD) project that upgraded more than 20 bridges and thousands of kilometers of highway. These improvements now enable continuous road travel and the
145:
and the indigenous territories of Monte
Salvado and Puerto Nuevo. Below the timber concessions and indigenous communities are Brazil nut concessions and several small indigenous and mestizo communities, including the mestizo communities of Lucerna and Sabaluyoc. In this part of the Piedras River
229:
Since 2013, the ecotourism concessions near the Las
Piedras Amazon Center (LPAC) continue to experience deforestation, but LPAC has remained unaffected thanks to the efforts of the Peruvian NGO ARCAmazon. The main threat to the forests around LPAC and the nearby community of Lucerna is forest
129:, and is part of the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot. The Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot contains the largest percentage of endemic plants and animals in the world. The Piedras is the longest tributary of the 1,347 km long
186:
The rubber boom in the Las Piedras River ended around 1912, but in recent decades the Las Piedras has been host to other forms of resource extraction, including oil prospecting, several timber booms, and the paving of the nearby
133:
and more than 99 percent of its drainage is in the Amazon lowlands, below 400 meters. The capital of the Las Piedras District is the town of PlanchĂłn, which is located in the province Tambopata in the Madre de Dios Department
658:
Schulte-HerbrĂĽggen, B., & Rossiter, H. (2003). Project Las Piedras: a socio-ecological investigation into the impact of illegal logging activity in Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru.
444:
Scullion, Jason (2014). "Assessing the influence of land-cover change and conflicting land-use authorizations on ecosystem conversion on the forest frontier of Madre de Dios, Peru".
171:. The rubber boom arrived in the Las Piedras in 1894 after large concentrations of high-quality rubber were found. One of the most notable rubber barons in the Las Piedras area, was
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201:
of loggers encountering uncontacted indigenous people, with 17% of loggers interviewed reporting contact with indigenous people living in voluntary isolation.
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El aprovechamiento de madera en las concesiones casta eras (Bertholletia excelsa) en Madre de Dios, Per : Un análisis de su situación normativa
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in Christian missions. The Masco-Piro and Amahuaca were exploited and enslaved by rubber barons starting during the
626:
734:(No. CIFOR Working Paper no. 56, p. 29p). Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia.
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The river is also home to clay licks, where birds and animals gather to consume sodium and other minerals.
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The Las Piedras watershed is home to many different animal and plant species. Among these are the endangered
831:
44:
700:"Roads as Drivers of Change: Trajectories across the Tri‑National Frontier in MAP, the Southwestern Amazon"
672:
255:
234:. Since 2013, 605 hectares (1,490 acres) have been cleared, including 134 hectares (330 acres) in 2017.
142:
730:
CossĂo-Solano, R. E., Guariguata, M. R., Menton, M., Capella, J. L., Rios, L., & Peña, P. (2011).
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188:
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613:
An investigation of illegal mahogany logging in Peru’s Alto Purús National Park and its surroundings
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Indigenous peoples in isolation in the Peruvian Amazon: Their struggle for survival and freedom
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Mother of God: An Extraordinary Journey into the Uncharted Tributaries of the Western Amazon
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32:
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751:"MAAP #75: Pope To Visit Madre De Dios, Region With Deforestation Crisis (Peru)"
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807:
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Amazon headwaters: Rivers, wildlife, and conservation in southeastern Peru
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Large portions of the headwaters of the Piedras River are protected by
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522:
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The river is the subject of a memoir by conservationist and explorer
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557:
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Madre De Dios, Puerto Maldonado, 1902-2002: Cien Años De Historia
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60:
627:"Peru evacuates Amazon village after raid by indigenous tribe"
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Ziesler, R.; Ardizzone, G.D. (1979). "Amazon River System".
598:
585:
385:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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The Las Piedras River is located in the department of
673:"Traveling From Ocean to Ocean Across South America"
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Recent Land-Use Changes in the Middle Piedras River
125:, which is the official capital of biodiversity in
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544:"Las Piedras River in Peru's Amazon Rainforest"
660:Report, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
274:also have been spotted within the watershed.
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773:"BoletĂn de la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima"
778:BoletĂn de la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima
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236:
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37:Drone photo from lower Las Piedras River
755:Monitoring of the Andean Amazon Project
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401:from the original on 21 October 2013.
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572:"Conservamos por Naturaleza. Arbio"
493:. Amazon Conservation Association.
380:The Inland waters of Latin America
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221:More recently, the paving of the
599:Sociedad Geográfica de Lima 1917
292:Tributaries of the Piedras River
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31:
117:Geography of the Piedras Region
837:Rivers of Madre de Dios Region
1:
749:Finer, M (19 December 2017).
150:History of the Piedras Region
67:Physical characteristics
458:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.036
284:Amazonian Royal Flycatcher (
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109:in the southeast Peruvian
615:. Durham NC: Parks Watch.
286:Onychorhynchus coronatus)
87:640 km (400 mi)
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30:
474:Meyers, Norman. "2000".
241:Peruvian spider monkey (
139:Alto Purus National Park
446:Biological Conservation
344:Representation in media
230:clearing for cacao and
698:Southworth, J (2011).
507:Santos, Kaway (2011).
429:Castillo, B.H (2004).
288:
256:Peruvian spider monkey
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213:
210:Pteronura brasiliensis
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489:Goulding, M. (2003).
323:· San Francisco
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207:
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523:"Alto Purus in Peru"
478:. 403.6772: 853–858.
223:Interoceanic Highway
189:Interoceanic Highway
808:11.0667°S 71.7667°W
804: /
511:. Editorial Zignos.
299:· Chanchamayo
208:Giant River Otter (
180:Masco-Piro language
131:Madre de Dios River
107:Madre de Dios River
78:Madre de Dios River
813:-11.0667; -71.7667
679:. 19 February 2014
677:The New York Times
633:. 23 December 2014
601:, p. 352-354.
326:· Panguamayo
320:· Ronsoquito
311:· Pingachari
289:
247:
214:
164:
717:10.3390/rs3051047
611:Fagan, C (2005).
586:"Hoja Nueva Home"
338:· Pariamanu
260:giant river otter
95:Las Piedras River
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588:. 29 March 2018.
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527:Protected Planet
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329:· Shahuana
314:· Pumayacu
308:· Panguana
296:· Ceticayo
198:Puerto Maldonado
158:Scarlet Macaws (
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317:· Ronsoco
302:· Curiacu
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264:Giant anteaters
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250:Flora and Fauna
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191:. In 1996, the
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99:River of Stones
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25:RĂo Tacuatimanu
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162:at a clay lick
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452:: 247–258.
169:rubber boom
143:concessions
826:Categories
799:71°46′00″W
796:11°04′00″S
785:(4). 1917.
364:References
160:Ara macao)
193:Mobil Oil
103:tributary
683:28 March
637:28 March
433:. IWGIA.
399:Archived
52:Location
272:ocelots
268:jaguars
105:of the
57:Country
476:Nature
391:
359:(2014)
232:cattle
111:Amazon
97:(the "
84:Length
73:Mouth
685:2018
639:2018
389:ISBN
258:and
178:The
127:Peru
93:The
61:Peru
712:doi
708:3.5
454:doi
450:171
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
