Lap dance - Knowledge (XXG)

210:. After Stanich reported back, the Mitchell brothers responded in 1977 by opening three new rooms at their O'Farrell Theatre featuring customer-contact shows: The Ultra Room, The Kopenhagen, and New York Live. The Kopenhagen's shows were performed by a pair of naked women in a small room with about twenty men. However the club's most profitable new venue was New York Live, which was a cabaret-style strip club act with women dancing three song sets upon a stage, while usually being totally nude for the final song. 105:

nudity are allowed. In other jurisdictions nudity is only allowed where skin contact does not occur between the dancer and the patron, requiring at least one of them to wear clothing. Where specific licensing exists for an establishment to allow prostitution, the dress requirements may also be dependent on that licensing. As the dancer is rarely dressed to a greater degree than the patron, lap dancing is sometimes seen as a submissive act by the dancer.

700: 418:" instead of "entertainment venues", introduced a licensing system for clubs and allowed local authorities to decide the number and location of lap-dancing clubs in their area. Chris Knight, vice-chairman of the LDA, said that the cost of the additional licence required to run a lap dancing club from 2010 could affect many businesses and questioned the right of local authorities to make licensing decisions on "emotive and moralistic grounds". 36: 951:, have established very lenient laws regarding what contact is allowed during a lap dance. Patrons may legally touch the dancer anywhere she will permit, excluding the genitals. This has led to a pricing strategy in some all-nude strip clubs, in which a standard lap dance is considered to be just topless with no contact, but can be upgraded to include full nudity or touching with additional payment. 422:

economic climate and had hardly changed by 2012. At that point, the amount of money a lap-dancer earned in an average shift was £230 (down from around £280 in 2011), and the industry was valued at around £300 million. However, some clubs, particularly in London, charged a house fee for the dancers to perform and had an increased number of dancers, which reduced an individual dancer's earnings.

965: 2996: 796:'s first district ruled that dancer Tracy Buel, also known as "Daisy Anarchy", was correctly classified as an independent contractor and that "Buel shall pay defendants’ costs on appeal". A publication called the California Employment Law Letter described the case as follows: "The dancer based her suit on the fact that she was an employee of the 164: 563:

suggesting that this would be unenforceable. It did, however, propose to enable licensing boards to consider nude dance venues as a separate class of venue. No legislation directly followed the group's report. However, the report informed the statement of licensing policy of many licensing boards across Scotland on the introduction of the

97:, the participants in lap dancing are sometimes allowed to touch or be touched by each other. In some clubs any touching by the patron is forbidden. In others there is no oversight by the club and various levels of contact are negotiable between the participants. Clubs vary widely with regard to their enforcement of rules, and some 548:". It recommended reviewing the licensing of lap dancing venues and proposed national guidelines to prevent performers from touching or being touched by customers, ensuring that activities are visible at all times, and introducing a minimum age of 18 for everyone involved. A prominent voice of opposition to a lap dancing ban was 410:

Eyes Only and who was the president of the LDA In 2009, gave oral evidence to the committee, describing lap dancing as "not sexually stimulating". Three MPs undertook a fact-finding visit to a London lap dancing club at the invitation of the LDA. The association opposed the provisions of the subsequent

351:. Lap-dancing clubs were also opened across the country. Many of Ireland's lap-dancing clubs have subsequently closed as a result of the worsened economic climate and changes to Ireland's licensing laws in 2008. Reputational issues have also played a part in the decline of Ireland's lap-dancing clubs. 940:

Establishments that offer lap dancing, and the lap dancers themselves, are sometimes rated regarding "mileage." It refers to the amount of contact between dancer and patron during the performance. Every jurisdiction has its own laws regarding such contact, but enforcement of these laws is sporadic.

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Most of the strippers who were not dancing were sitting naked on customers' laps for tips. The amount of tipping rapidly increased and was then marketed as a "lap dance", and its popularity caused lines of men to regularly appear outside the theater's doors. The Mitchells hired new dancers as fast as

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have not followed correct procedure. The number of refusals, together with the costs of licence application, means that there have been few new businesses opened since 2010, with the overall number of clubs declining over time as a number of local authorities implemented a "nil limit" for new clubs.

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Lap dancing usually occurs with both participants being either clothed to more or less the same degree, or naked, or the dancer being partially or fully naked, depending on the laws of the jurisdiction and the club's policies. Some jurisdictions require a prohibition on alcohol if various degrees of

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In 2009, the total number of clubs had reached its peak of 310 (approximately twice the number in 2003), and the number of lap-dancers was estimated at 10,000. Lap-dancing clubs had opened in big cities, small towns, and out-of-town business parks. The figures plateaued during the subsequent weaker

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statutes. A number of conflicting judgements were issued in the years that followed, including decisions to close certain bars in which sex acts took place on the floor of the club and other rulings in which patrons were allowed to touch the dancers, as long as an actual sex act did not take place.

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with other dancers and patrons). At the same time, the same study revealed various disadvantages to lap dancing work, such as: the women never knew how much they would earn each week; the women had to try to keep their job secret from friends and family; the women had to face some rude and abusive

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or standard charges, depending on the club, that the patrons gave them for lap dancing. In the majority of clubs, dancers are simply charged a percentage of their nightly takings. However, the latest development in many countries, including Great Britain, the United States and Canada, is that many

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Between 2010 and 2015, there were approximately forty-five refusals of licences for sexual entertainment venues in England and Wales, mainly on the grounds that the locality was unsuitable. The legislation provides for no right of appeal against such refusals, except on the grounds that committees

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in November 2008 when the latter was reviewing the Licensing Act 2003. The association said that there was no sexual activity offered for sale in their clubs, and that to classify them as part of the sex industry would stigmatise performers. Simon Warr, who ran the clubs Platinum Lace and For Your

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Bill C-36 criminalizes, for the first time in Canadian criminal law, the purchase of sexual services… The following activities have been found to constitute a sexual service or an act of prostitution, if provided in return for some form of consideration: lap-dancing, which involves sitting in the

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is technically performed during a typical lap dance. Club owners in the UK argue that lap dancing should not be labelled as sex work. On the other hand, one lapdancer, Mary Jane, told a reporter that she and other lapdancers negotiate “extras" (nicknamed the "secret menu") with clients, such as a

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were hampered by the UK's decision in 2010 to classify its lap dancing clubs as sex establishments. Ireland's lap-dancing clubs became viewed as more expensive than their rivals overseas and more restricted in terms of the entertainment on offer. By 2012 there were five or six clubs operating in

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rather than an independent contractor. The appellate court, however, after applying a 10-factor test, upheld the jury's verdict in favor of the nightclub and its owners and found that the evidence weighed in favor of classifying the dancer as an independent contractor rather than an employee."

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The Scottish Government accepted a number of the recommendations, but it rejected the idea that licensing boards should be able to determine whether full nudity is appropriate in given locales. It also rejected the idea of a compulsory one-metre no-touching zone between dancer and customer,

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A UK study on lap dancing found that the overwhelming majority of those surveyed were satisfied with their work, because they got to choose their own hours, got paid instantly, got more money than in other available jobs, and had the opportunity to combine "fun and work" (e.g.,

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gave a darker portrait of lap dancing in an article partly based on an interview with a former stripper. It stated that "esearch shows that the majority of women become lap-dancers through poverty and lack of choice," and that "academic research has linked lap-dancing to

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for the UK lap dancing industry, was formed in 2006 and officially launched in 2008. It operated a code of practice for its members. According to a BBC report, as of November 2008, the association represented roughly one-third of the industry's clubs. Members included

449:, if he would "make it his policy not to offer job subsidies for employing teenagers as auxiliary workers in adult entertainment establishments". Her question related to employers in the adult entertainment industry being offered an incentive of over £2,000 from the 124:

There is some debate as to whether lap dancing is entertainment or a type of sex work. Critics of lap dancing allege that some club owners, by installing dark private booths and charging dancers steep stage fees, are covertly condoning and encouraging the sale of

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cameras in the "champagne rooms" for the safety of the dancers. Dancer Mary Jane says that when a lapdancer wishes to have paid sexual activities with a client, she tips the management, waitresses, and DJ to "turn a blind eye" to these sexual activities.

721:-out", which is an amount that a dancer needs to pay a club (usually in advance) in order to work on a given night, per shift. The lapdancers are expected to tip the "house mothers" (women who work in a strip club to support and assist the dancers) and 711:

The economic position of lap dancers, as employees of the clubs, has also changed. Over time, most strip clubs have stopped paying wages to the dancers. Stage dancing became a showcase to advertise the bodies of the dancers, whose money came from the

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did not argue that lap dances constituted "prostitution", and therefore the court did not address the possible issue that the typical lap dance may contravene one or more anti-prostitution laws. This led to the displacement of strip clubs and

206:, the demand for adult movie theaters began to plummet. Realizing that they needed a new business model for their building, the Mitchell brothers sent manager Vince Stanich around the country to explore customer-contact shows in 606:, with dancers from Belfast and England. The Belfast club was officially opened as a restaurant to circumvent Northern Ireland's licensing laws. The opening of the club was opposed by Rev. David McIlveen, a minister in the 465:

ensured that vacancies which involve performing sexual activities were banned from being advertised on Government websites and a distinction was made in law to differentiate between performers and ancillary workers."

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Dublin, one in Galway and one in Cork. Most lap-dancing clubs in Ireland operate a no-touching rule, and typically do not charge dancers a "house fee" to perform, instead taking a proportion of the dancer's earnings.

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and illegal stage fees, San Francisco's Commission on the Status of Women recommended a ban on private rooms and booths at adult clubs in the city. However, a majority of dancers at the Commission's meetings and the

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In a landmark ruling regarding the 1994 case of Pat Mara and Allan East (the owner and manager of Cheaters Tavern), Judge E. Gordon Hachborn legally defined lap dancing and ruled that it did not contravene Canadian

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among the dancers. Also, the vast majority of clubs will not waive this charge if a night happens to be slow. Consequently, the dancer either leaves her shift without any profit or builds a debt to the club.

665:' meetings protested against these efforts, fearing for their income and claiming that these rooms were safer than other venues. As a result, the Commission's proposed ban was not adopted by the city. 1719: 405:

In April 2008 the LDA proposed that its code of conduct should become legally enforceable by local authorities as part of their licensing function. The association submitted a memorandum to the

112:" or "VIP room", which is a private room usually located in the back of a club. In many clubs, the duration of a lap dance is measured by the length of the song being played by the club's 2376:

New rules on the licensing of "sexual entertainment venues" such as lapdancing clubs are also introduced in the Act, with local authorities required to set out their individual policies.

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to examine the public's attitudes towards adult entertainment, completed site visits and took evidence from a variety of witnesses. Respondents to the group's consultation included the

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expressed their intention to refuse the renewal of the club's licence, and the club closed in November 2003 with debts of over £300,000. Brennan's nightclub in Dundalk remained open.

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who gave a free dance with every drink. The club was raided by the police under the guise of obscenity legislation, but, in 1974, Judge Jack McGivern ruled that dancer nudity was not

489:, which covers general entertainment licenses, and licences in Scotland could not be refused on the basis of the nature of the entertainment in itself. The working group, headed by 1542:

client's lap and simulating sexual intercourse… Bill C-36 does not prevent those who sell their own sexual services from entering into legitimate family and business relationships…

2199: 3466: 485:, to investigate the legislative issues involved in a proposed lap dancing ban in Scotland. At that time, lap dancing clubs in Scotland were licensed under Section 41 of the 214:

they could to keep up with demand, and had created another sex-show innovation which gained them international notoriety and generated more money than their film business.

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and other benefits required by law. This status has repeatedly been challenged by some dancers. While labor commissions and the courts have, for the most part, ruled that

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Given that dancers are basically paying for the privilege to be at a club, some clubs allow as many dancers as possible to appear on any given night, increasing

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In 2007, based on statistics from eighteen dancers over a period of 60 days, it was noted that female lap dancers earned the highest tips around the time of

582:. This came into effect in 2016 and requires local authorities in Scotland to set out individual policies with regard to the licensing of lap dancing clubs. 564: 852:

highlighted the use of lap-dance clubs by human traffickers as a tool for grooming women into prostitution; the clubs also normalise the idea of paying for

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In some areas of the U.S. and Canada, local authorities began cracking down on lap dancing after reports that some clubs allowed customers to engage in

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charges against lap dancers in the city changed the sexual culture of San Francisco and "has the potential to influence the policies of other cities".

1246:"Lap Victory: How a DA's decision to drop prostitution charges against lap dancers will change the sexual culture of S.F. – and, perhaps, the country" 602:

in the Republic of Ireland, mainly using dancers from Russia and the Baltic states. In 2002 Brennan opened the Movie Star Cafe, a lap dancing club in

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twelve months to rewrite Canada's prostitution laws; in the meantime, existing anti-prostitution laws continued to be enforced. Current laws on

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and stage fees, some court decisions have decided that an exotic dancer can be classified as an independent contractor. In June 2006, in

260:, which started a trend of nude dancing in bars. No contact between dancers and patrons was allowed at the club, but Gary Taylor's had a 2128: 2079: 2062: 438: 2978: 2959: 2504: 662: 607: 556: 406: 2206: 236:

with dancers during lap dance sessions. Various strip clubs have wide-ranging rules on how customers should interact with strippers.

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against both the women who work in the clubs and those who live and work in their vicinity." For example, a "recent conference in

493:, consisted of academics, lawyers and politicians, and had a working period from April 2005 until April 2006. It commissioned the 2360: 2137: 2124: 2073: 914: 458: 450: 1696: 3822: 3028: 1774: 2866: 990: 922: 1824:"Lap dancing boss who invited MP John Whittingdale for strip club tour has club investigated over 'no touching rule breach'" 1137:, an actress makes a pact with her fiancé to take a job as a lap dancer in order to take care of her cancer-stricken father. 921:

in humans: females apparently advertise their fertility status to males in some manner. This finding earned its authors the

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The first lap dancing club in the UK was opened in 1995. During the 2000s the lap dancing industry grew quickly, with the

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said that the "recommendations are flawed and would be extremely detrimental to workers and operators in the industry".

134: 44: 2715: 3787: 3456: 2771: 571: 415: 411: 2582: 975: 3764: 3737: 3627: 3446: 1586: 1178: 1153: 986: 3306: 994: 979: 331:, introduced in 2014, make it illegal to purchase sexual services (including lap dancing) but legal to sell them. 3827: 2058: 680: 434: 138: 1620: 676:

in Canada, lap dancing remained legal, even where alcohol was served, and sex clubs were also legal in Windsor.

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The group concluded that lap dancing venues are a form of "commercial sexual exploitation...which encompasses

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industry. A number of lap-dancing clubs were opened in Dublin, including one by the English nightclub owner

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SEV licensing (a blog reviewing licensing news relating to Sexual Entertainment Venue license applications)

1205:"The Case of Quashie: Between the Legalisation of Sex Work and the Precariousness of Personal Service Work" 621:

bar, followed by a clandestine lap dancing club in Belfast in 2007. It was the subject of a report on the

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and called it "Mardi Gras". The Melody Theater became the Harmony Theater and operated in two locations in

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who set out to try to involve the stripping community in the discussion to inform such legislation. The

233: 126: 3000: 1481: 913:; the average difference in earning between those two times amounted to about $ 30 per hour. Women on 552: 108:

In some places, a "block session" of lap dances (usually half an hour to an hour) can be booked in a "

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Police raids took place on Irish lap-dancing clubs in 2003 in search of criminal activity as part of

324: 195: 2890: 2154: 1849: 1425: 3832: 3749: 3577: 3512: 3502: 3021: 575: 482: 340: 94: 82: 70:, in which the dancer is close to a seated patron, but without body contact. Variant terms include 66:

in which the dancer typically has body contact with a seated patron. Lap dancing is different from

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Work Programme provider guidance (Work Choice only): treatment of different types of employment

1204: 856:." "esearch on strip clubs in the US found that all dancers had suffered verbal harassment and 3769: 3722: 3647: 3632: 3567: 3542: 3537: 3154: 2974: 2955: 1398: 1086: 1058: 1037: 841: 827: 699: 446: 380: 316: 277: 218: 203: 191: 2871:"Ovulatory cycle effects on tip earnings by lap dancers: economic evidence for human estrus?" 2418: 1392: 288:

ruled that a typical lap dance did not constitute an "obscene" act within the meaning of the

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earned overall less than those not on the pill. The results were interpreted as evidence of

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Encouraging sexual exploitation? Regulating striptease and "adult entertainment" in the UK

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Piggott, Mark (16 February 2014). "UK Government pays sex clubs to employ teenage girls".

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and unwanted touching from patrons. Another issue raised by the dancers was their lack of

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danced on stage and were paid a wage. In the 1970s, New York's Melody Theater introduced

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while at work; all had been propositioned for prostitution; and three-quarters had been

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customers. As well, while most felt safe, almost half of the dancers had faced frequent

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A few years later Northern Ireland businessman Lawrence John organised lap dancing at a

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made the trip to the club from the United States, which at the time had stricter laws.

130: 109: 35: 1782: 1587:"Memorandum submitted by The Lap Dancing Association (LDA): The Real Body of Evidence" 1502: 3882: 3857: 3842: 3817: 3802: 3727: 3642: 3532: 3482: 3356: 3336: 3316: 3194: 3159: 3099: 3089: 3084: 2312:"Trade Union Members Reaction To Scotland's Adult Entertainment Working Group Report" 819: 815: 777: 642: 570:

In 2013 the Scottish Government and carried out a consultation on the regulation of "

549: 521: 2671:"New York Court of Appeals: Lap Dancing Is Not An Art Form, Is Subject To Sales Tax" 2311: 1991:"Law, sex and the city: regulating sexual entertainment venues in England and Wales" 877:, because, in their opinion, "it is difficult to discern between the performance of 781: 3852: 3697: 3637: 3587: 3399: 3341: 3296: 3236: 3231: 3169: 3141: 3129: 3114: 3109: 2814: 2068: 1275: 1148: 1096: 1079: 910: 878: 861: 835: 811: 769: 765: 704: 525: 454: 359: 305: 222: 147: 59: 2262: 2837: 1653: 1525:"Technical Paper: Bill C-36, Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act" 1289: 3612: 3331: 3286: 3209: 3174: 3124: 1211:, (2013) 42 (2): 180-191. doi: 10.1093/indlaw/dwt006 - Accessed on 12 March 2014 1173: 1091: 964: 932:

given for unusual or trivial achievements in scientific research) in Economics.

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between customers and dancers. This can be a concern if, as for instance in the

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outlaw lap dances and enforce a minimum distance between dancer and patron. In

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as the only legislation in England and Wales regulating lap dancing clubs. The

3436: 3426: 3414: 3326: 3259: 3221: 3204: 3199: 3119: 3104: 3079: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1065: 1050: 898:"hand job" (male masturbation) or sexual intercourse, for additional payment. 894: 793: 773: 650: 545: 537: 498: 475: 265: 63: 3361: 3241: 2645:"Detroit City Council votes to allow alcohol, ban lap dances in strip clubs" 2110: 1943: 1889: 1748: 1320: 1054: 1028: 948: 902: 797: 688: 533: 517: 344: 293: 245: 184: 574:". This, in combination with the AEWG's 2006 report, paved the way for the 2995: 481:

set up the Adult Entertainment Working Group, an advisory body within the

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Ditmore, Melissa Hope: Prostitution and Sex Work. ABC-CLIO, 2010, pp. 6-7

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Adult Entertainment Working Group - Report and Recommendations: Volume 1

151:, "Research shows that the majority of women become lap-dancers through 2237: 2084: 1225: 849: 646: 618: 603: 595: 257: 152: 142: 1477:

Judgement of the Supreme Court of Canada – Decisions – R. v. Pelletier

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Ultimately, it comes down to what the club and the dancer will allow.

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in their pants, attempting to have sex with the dancers without their

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voted to ban lap dances in VIP rooms. However, across from Detroit in

163: 3264: 2625:"Exotic dancers rally at City Hall to halt private-room ban in clubs" 2025: 944: 918: 2788:'The Regulatory Dance: Sexual Consumption in the Night Time Economy' 1450:"Lifestyles: Canada's Multi-Million Dollar Addiction To Lap-Dancing" 1082:, a wealthy dot-com entrepreneur becomes obsessed with a lap dancer. 402:. In 2008, clubs were being opened at a rate of about one per week. 1869:"John Whittingdale visited lapdancing club as part of MPs' inquiry" 594:

businessman Jerome Brennan, who already owned lap dancing clubs in

3346: 3279: 3037: 2575:"Lap dance ban defeated, Seattle wonders where to put strip clubs" 698: 162: 75: 34: 2314:(Press release). International Union of Sex Workers. 10 May 2006 1124:, an emotionally damaged man tries to help a wayward lap dancer. 753: 453:

for every unemployed young person (aged 18–24) that they hired.

3010: 2205:. Church Of Scotland Church And Society Council. Archived from 1850:"Lap dancing 'not sexual act' claims head of club organisation" 2127:(2010), "Chapter 20: Youth Contract - Wage Incentive Scheme", 958: 414:

which reclassified lap-dancing clubs in England and Wales as "

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to introduce licensing reform for lap dancing as part of the

505:. The group reported to Scottish ministers on 25 April 2006. 1531:. Government of Canada: Department of Justice. December 2014 1394:

Burlesque West: showgirls, sex, and sin in postwar Vancouver

1797:"Would you ever take your girlfriend to watch a lapdancer?" 823: 722: 167:

Typical area where lap dances are performed in semi-privacy

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Critics of lap dancing choose to describe it as a type of

2746:"Strippers explain the 'secret menu' found at most clubs" 319:) the Supreme Court of Canada found the laws prohibiting 268:

after stripping off and then earned tips. Americans from

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Strip City: A Stripper's Farewell Journey Across America

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assaults them after some hand-contact with a lap dancer.

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and prostitution." However, others contend that it is a

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Northern Ireland's first lap dancing club was opened by

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In the early 2000s, lap dancing expanded rapidly in the

1963:"The human cost of UK's £300m addiction to lap-dancing" 1107:, the scene was abruptly "skipped" in a comical manner. 81:

With full-contact lap dances, the dancer may engage in

2869:; Tybus, Joshua M.; Jordan, Brent D. (November 2007). 2770:"Exotic dancer stripped of her job", David R. Ongaro, 2240:(Report). Loughborough University. pp. 22&26 2200:"Adult Entertainment Consultation: Official Response" 1995:

International Journal of Law in the Built Environment

1503:"Canada Supreme Court strikes down prostitution laws" 1341: 1339: 1095:, Butterfly performs a lap dance on Stuntman Mike to 171:

Lap dancing clubs are a later development of earlier

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for over 20 years until it was closed down in 1998.

3778: 3465: 3375: 3250: 3140: 3072: 2557:"Sex Industry in Northern Ireland: Private Dancers" 2080:"Employment: Sex Establishments (written question)" 2447:"Lapdance Club Boss Groomed Girl, 15, on Internet" 1961:Corcoran, Kieran; Taylor, Jerome (12 April 2012). 194:had been running an adult movie house, called the 2922:"Judge Agrees That Erotic Dance Law is Too Vague" 2618: 2616: 2594: 2592: 780:are employees and deserving of reimbursement for 358:. Efforts to distance Irish lap dancing from the 2505:"Paedophile asks to serve jail term in Republic" 1944:"Lap-dancing club rules change comes into force" 248:bar called "Gary Taylor's Show Lounge" employed 2395:. Air Weapons and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2015 1890:"New powers to crack down on lap-dancing clubs" 1822:John Shammas; Stian Alexander (22 April 2016). 145:are illegal. According to the liberal UK paper 2177:"Public Attitudes Towards Adult Entertainment" 786:Tracy Buel v. Chowder House (dba The Hungry I) 736:Concerns raised by lapdancers include patrons 312:) decriminalized private sex clubs in Canada. 304:In 2005, two Supreme Court of Canada rulings ( 3022: 2952:Dirty Dancing?: An Ethnography of Lap Dancing 2838:"UK | Lap dancers object to 'sex' label" 2782: 2780: 1672:"Lap dance firms call for tighter regulation" 1665: 1663: 580:Air Weapons and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2015 116:. Charges for lap dances vary significantly. 8: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2412: 2410: 1222:"Profitable Exploits: Lap Dancing in the UK" 2709: 2707: 2530:"Assaulted two Gardai on leaving nightclub" 1397:. University of Toronto Press. p. 78. 993:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3029: 3015: 3007: 2231: 2229: 2227: 1279:(19 March 2008), Accessed: 23 October 2011 1236: 1234: 905:, during the most fertile period of their 2889: 2861: 2859: 2810:"'I was seen as an object, not a person'" 2790:(April 2011), Accessed on 24 October 2011 2739: 2737: 2694: 2692: 2006: 1916:"Leeds lap dancing clubs face new threat" 1013:Learn how and when to remove this message 760:In the U.S., most clubs treat dancers as 656:Also in 2006, concerned about reports of 190:Also during the 1970s, adult film makers 2716:"Strippers Explain Strip Club Etiquette" 2441: 2439: 2419:"Lap dancers ready to scandalise Ulster" 2048: 2046: 1743: 1741: 1621:"Should lap dancing be run out of town?" 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 629:in 2008 alleging that simulated lesbian 443:Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 2701:, Lily Burana, Talk Miramax Books, 2001 2288:Linda Costelloe Baker (25 April 2006). 1884: 1882: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1271:'I was seen as an object, not a person' 1196: 844:, prostitution and an increase in male 717:clubs charge dancers a "stage fee" or " 2623:Estrella, Cicero A. (19 August 2006). 2339:Journal of the Law Society of Scotland 2257: 2255: 2149: 2147: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 301:clubs in Canada by lap dancing clubs. 2155:""Adult entertainment" / Lap Dancing" 1036:) gets a lap dance from Nomi Malone ( 7: 1722:. Morning Advertiser. Archived from 991:adding citations to reliable sources 487:Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 264:where the girls performed revealing 2744:Lucero, Karisha (18 January 2018). 2599:Goodyear, Charlie (5 August 2006). 2503:Valerie Robinson (20 August 2013). 2479:"Belfast war on the lap dance club" 2417:Henry McDonald (24 February 2002). 2263:"Report seeks sex industry 'rules'" 1848:Andrew Sparrow (25 November 2008). 1749:"Lap dancers object to 'sex' label" 1554:Catherine Murphy (7 October 2012). 1452:. 21 September 2012. Archived from 764:, thereby avoiding the need to pay 2900:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.06.002 2786:Sanders, Teela & Hardy, Kate, 2714:Schwartz, Zachary (24 July 2015). 2601:"Adult club private rooms debated" 2581:. 13 November 2006. Archived from 2333:Stephen McGowan (19 August 2013). 1480:, 13 December 1999, archived from 868:by men associated with the club." 683:ruled that lap dances were not an 663:San Francisco Board of Supervisors 608:Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster 557:International Union of Sex Workers 407:Culture, Media and Sport Committee 85:contact with the patron, such as " 14: 2292:(Report). The Scottish Government 2198:Morag Mylne (28 September 2005). 1053:) and a friend get lap dances in 707:doing a contact topless lap dance 2994: 2920:Pordum, Matt (24 January 2005). 2772:California Employment Law Letter 2125:Department for Work and Pensions 2074:Minister of State for Employment 963: 459:Minister of State for Employment 451:Department for Work and Pensions 3823:Dance in mythology and religion 2954:. New York: Willan Publishing. 2359:Martin Hannan (7 August 2015). 2085:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 1720:"New lap-dancing body launched" 695:Labor issues and job conditions 217:Later in 2004, a San Francisco 2774:, Vol. 16, No. 9. 14 July 2006 2477:Henry McDonald (18 May 2003). 1867:Robert Booth (19 April 2016). 1718:Turney, Ewan (21 April 2008). 1619:Cooke, Rachel (8 March 2009). 1593:. UK Parliament. November 2008 818:in the workplace and the high 1: 2389:"Sexual entertainment venues" 1057:, but violence ensues when a 565:Licensing (Scotland) Act 2005 141:, and in jurisdictions where 2973:. New York: Pinnacle Books. 2878:Evolution and Human Behavior 2579:International Herald Tribune 2555:Walker, Gail (4 July 2008). 2106:International Business Times 1670:Paul Lewis (28 April 2008). 1391:Ross, Becki (October 2009). 740:them, exposing their penis, 633:took place on the premises. 530:trafficking for prostitution 204:video cassette rental stores 135:public entertainment licence 62:performance offered in many 45:AVN Adult Entertainment Expo 1363:McCumber(1992), p. 79, 155. 909:and the lowest tips during 752:. Some lapdance clubs have 572:sexual entertainment venues 416:sexual entertainment venues 412:Policing and Crime Act 2009 39:Lap or couch contact dance 3905: 2008:10.1108/IJLBE-01-2014-0001 1372:McCumber(1992), p. 81, 155 1228:City Council (August 2004) 1179:Las Vegas Dancers Alliance 1154:Legal status of striptease 641:Some jurisdictions in the 343:, building on an existing 18: 3044: 2179:. Ipsos MORI. 1 June 2006 2157:. Women's Support Project 1103:". In the double-feature 681:New York Court of Appeals 315:On 20 December 2013, (in 139:sex establishment licence 2969:McCumber, David (1992). 2950:Colosi, Rachela (2010). 1989:Hubbard, Philip (2015). 159:History and legal issues 2630:San Francisco Chronicle 2606:San Francisco Chronicle 1801:London Evening Standard 1701:Lap Dancing Association 1650:Lap Dancing Association 1505:. BBC. 20 December 2013 1290:"Harem Theatre in NYC?" 762:independent contractors 514:internet sex chat rooms 463:Welfare Reform Act 2012 377:Lap Dancing Association 286:Supreme Court of Canada 202:and a proliferation of 2236:Hubbard, Phil (2008). 2092:. col. 583W–584W. 1921:Yorkshire Evening Post 1779:LapDancing Association 1556:"Life as a lap dancer" 1381:McCumber(1992), p. 80. 1354:McCumber(1992), p. 79. 1345:McCumber(1992), p. 78. 1209:Industrial Law Journal 1127:2014: Within the film 1064:2001: Within director 708: 668:In February 2010, the 329:prostitution in Canada 200:videocassette recorder 192:Jim and Artie Mitchell 181:audience participation 168: 83:non-penetrative sexual 47: 1426:"Lap Dance Etiquette" 1113:Welcome to the Rileys 702: 491:Linda Costelloe Baker 244:In 1973, an upmarket 166: 155:and lack of choice." 38: 3788:Dance and disability 3003:at Wikimedia Commons 2335:"Licensed to thrill" 2078:(11 February 2014). 1244:(8 September 2004). 987:improve this section 670:Detroit City Council 623:BBC Northern Ireland 612:Belfast City Council 461:, stated that: "The 221:'s decision to drop 23:. For the film, see 16:Type of erotic dance 3833:Dance on television 2799:Colosi(2010), p. 2. 2585:on 13 October 2007. 1294:cinematreasures.org 1071:Center of the World 687:and are subject to 576:Scottish Parliament 483:Scottish Government 341:Republic of Ireland 325:Canadian parliament 101:to any violations. 95:community standards 2651:. 24 February 2010 2393:legislation.gov.uk 2088:. United Kingdom: 1896:. 12 February 2010 1803:. 10 February 2011 1697:"Code of Practice" 1314:Steinberg, David. 1110:2010: In the film 1043:1999: In the film 1026:1995: In the film 709: 653:in November 2006. 503:Church of Scotland 429:In February 2014, 386:For Your Eyes Only 373:Licensing Act 2003 349:Peter Stringfellow 230:sexual intercourse 169: 48: 19:For the song, see 3876: 3875: 3828:Dance occupations 3765:Wallis and Futuna 2999:Media related to 2844:. 4 November 2008 2677:. 23 October 2012 2561:Belfast Telegraph 2453:. 25 October 2006 1785:on 10 April 2010. 1755:. 4 November 2008 1707:on 10 April 2010. 1591:www.parliament.uk 1404:978-0-8020-9646-3 1087:Quentin Tarantino 1038:Elizabeth Berkley 1023: 1022: 1015: 947:, and especially 928:(a parody of the 812:verbal harassment 651:public referendum 447:Iain Duncan Smith 381:trade association 317:Bedford v. Canada 252:and strippers as 219:District Attorney 196:O'Farrell Theatre 133:, the club has a 3896: 3863:History of dance 3848:Dance technology 3793:Dance and health 3743:African-American 3031: 3024: 3017: 3008: 2998: 2984: 2965: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2893: 2875: 2867:Miller, Geoffrey 2863: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2784: 2775: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2741: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2711: 2702: 2696: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2620: 2611: 2610: 2596: 2587: 2586: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2474: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2443: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2414: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2259: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2233: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2211: 2204: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2151: 2142: 2141: 2135: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2090:House of Commons 2054:Fiona Mactaggart 2050: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2022: 2016: 2012: 2010: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1912: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1886: 1877: 1876: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1781:. Archived from 1771: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1745: 1736: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1703:. Archived from 1693: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1667: 1658: 1657: 1656:on 9 April 2010. 1652:. Archived from 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1616: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1583: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1484:on 25 March 2007 1472: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1456:on 10 April 2013 1446: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1364: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1286: 1280: 1267: 1254: 1253: 1238: 1229: 1224:, Study for the 1218: 1212: 1201: 1118:James Gandolfini 1018: 1011: 1007: 1004: 998: 967: 959: 936:Level of contact 748:, or committing 674:Windsor, Ontario 586:Northern Ireland 553:Veronica Deneuve 431:Fiona Mactaggart 270:Washington state 99:turn a blind eye 3904: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3893: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3872: 3808:Dance etiquette 3774: 3533:Burma (Myanmar) 3473: 3469: 3461: 3410:Lead and follow 3371: 3307:Country–western 3246: 3227:Novelty and fad 3185:Hoochie coochie 3136: 3095:closed position 3068: 3064:List of dancers 3040: 3035: 2991: 2981: 2968: 2962: 2949: 2941: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2891:10.1.1.154.8176 2873: 2865: 2864: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2818:(18 March 2008) 2807: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2785: 2778: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2743: 2742: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2697: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2622: 2621: 2614: 2598: 2597: 2590: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2537: 2536:. 6 August 2004 2528: 2527: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2476: 2475: 2466: 2456: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2369: 2367: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2269:. 25 April 2006 2261: 2260: 2253: 2243: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2225: 2215: 2213: 2212:on 8 March 2016 2209: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2182: 2180: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2145: 2133: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2034: 2032: 2026:"SEV licensing" 2024: 2023: 2019: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1968:The Independent 1960: 1959: 1955: 1950:. 6 April 2010. 1942: 1941: 1937: 1927: 1925: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1899: 1897: 1888: 1887: 1880: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1806: 1804: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1758: 1756: 1747: 1746: 1739: 1729: 1727: 1726:on 21 July 2011 1717: 1716: 1712: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1669: 1668: 1661: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1585: 1584: 1575: 1565: 1563: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1534: 1532: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1487: 1485: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1459: 1457: 1448: 1447: 1440: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1324:. SF Weekly, LP 1313: 1312: 1308: 1298: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1268: 1257: 1242:David Steinberg 1240: 1239: 1232: 1220:Bindel, Julie, 1219: 1215: 1202: 1198: 1188: 1183: 1144: 1122:Kristen Stewart 1076:Peter Sarsgaard 1034:Kyle MacLachlan 1019: 1008: 1002: 999: 984: 968: 957: 938: 907:menstrual cycle 854:sexual services 846:sexual violence 790:appellate court 697: 639: 588: 536:, lap dancing, 522:escort services 518:sex phone lines 495:market research 472: 391:Spearmint Rhino 369: 356:Operation Quest 337: 242: 234:sexual activity 161: 122: 58:) is a type of 31: 21:Lapdance (song) 17: 12: 11: 5: 3902: 3900: 3892: 3891: 3881: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3868:Women in dance 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3838:Dance research 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3813:Dance notation 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 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2938: 2912: 2884:(6): 375–381. 2855: 2829: 2820: 2808:Bell, Rachel, 2801: 2792: 2776: 2763: 2750:therooster.com 2733: 2703: 2688: 2662: 2636: 2612: 2588: 2566: 2547: 2521: 2509:The Irish News 2495: 2464: 2435: 2406: 2380: 2351: 2325: 2303: 2280: 2251: 2223: 2190: 2168: 2143: 2140:, pp. 4–5 2116: 2095: 2042: 2017: 1981: 1953: 1935: 1924:. 7 March 2013 1907: 1878: 1859: 1840: 1814: 1788: 1766: 1737: 1710: 1688: 1659: 1637: 1604: 1573: 1560:Independent.ie 1546: 1516: 1494: 1467: 1438: 1417: 1403: 1383: 1374: 1365: 1356: 1347: 1335: 1306: 1281: 1269:Bell, Rachel, 1255: 1230: 1213: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1135:Carmen Electra 1125: 1108: 1101:Down in Mexico 1083: 1062: 1041: 1032:, Zack Carey ( 1021: 1020: 971: 969: 962: 956: 953: 937: 934: 926:Ig Nobel Prize 820:overhead costs 778:exotic dancers 750:sexual assault 696: 693: 658:sexual assault 638: 635: 587: 584: 471: 468: 368: 367:United Kingdom 365: 336: 333: 278:public decency 241: 238: 160: 157: 137:rather than a 131:United Kingdom 121: 118: 110:champagne room 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3901: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3858:Dancing mania 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3843:Dance science 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3818:Dance in film 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3803:Dance costume 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3738:United States 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3578:Faroe Islands 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 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