86:
58:
51:
79:
629:
512:(722–705 BC) received a report which included {{blockquote|"... hayu sent a Chaldean, an informer, to Larak, (but) the Larakeans arrested him and brought him before me. I asked him, “Where are you (coming) from?” He said: “A citizen of Babylon sent me to Larak.” But they (= the Lara-keans) said, “He is a crook, he is lying! We know him the people of Nippur .”"
1062:
Fales, Frederick Mario, "Ethnicity in the
Assyrian Empire: A View from the Nisbe, (I): Foreigners and “Special” Inner Communities", Literature as Politics, Politics as Literature: Essays on the Ancient Near East in Honor of Peter Machinist, edited by David S. Vanderhooft and Abraham Winitzer,
373:
There is no archaeological or textual support for the actual existence of the Early
Dynastic city of Larak unlike the other four cities from "before the flood", it being only known from much later literary compositions. The Iron Age city of Larak, in the same general area, is supported by
1052:
Fales, Frederick M., "Moving around
Babylon: On the Aramean and Chaldean Presence in Southern Mesopotamia", Babylon: Wissenskultur in Orient und Okzident, edited by Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum, Margarete van Ess and Joachim Marzahn, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 91-112,
493:"... In order to build the Etemenanki, I imposed upon them the tup-fikku-basket: Ur, Uruk, Larsa, Eridu, Kullab, Nemed-, Ugar-, the entirety of , from the top to the bottom, Nippur, Isin, Larak, , Puqudu, Bit-, Bit-Amukkani, Bit-, Bira, Der, Agade, , Arrapha, ..."
505:(745–727 BC). Various Chaldean and Aramean tribes at various times allied with and opposed these rulers and warred with each other. One raid by another Chaldean tribe was reports as carrying away 20, 000 sheep from Larak and its ruler Nadinu.
1033:
Matty, Nazek Khalid, "Sennacherib’s
Conquest of Lachish in the Reliefs and the Archaeological Evidence", Sennacherib's Campaign Against Judah and Jerusalem in 701 B.C.: A Historical Reconstruction, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 67-89,
911:
Algaze, Guillermo, "Epilogue. Early
Sumerian Societies: A Research Agenda", Ancient Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Civilization: The Evolution of an Urban Landscape, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 151-166,
454:
it states "nashte, mistress of Larak, am I—". This lament is part of the basis for assuming Larak is near Isin. Ninashte means "mistress of Ashte" where Ashte is thought to be a location in Larak.
902:
Richter, Thomas, "Untersuchung zuden lokalen
Panthea Süd- und Mittelbaby-loniens", in altbabylonischer Zeit (2. ver-besserte und erweiterte Auflage), Münster,Germany: Ugarit-Verlag, 2004
444:
In the later literary composition Inanna Lament it reads "From my brickwork of Larak, he called out after me!", referring to the destruction of her temples by some enemy.
923:
Adams, R. McC., "Heartland of Cities: Surveys of
Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates", Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981
1043:
Da Riva, Rocio, "Nebuchadnezzar II’s Prism (EŞ 7834): A New
Edition", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 196-229, 2013
997:
Samet, Nili, "Transliteration and
Translation", The Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, 2014, pp. 54-77, 2014
1006:
Delnero, Paul, "Emotion and
Sumerian Laments", How To Do Things With Tears: Ritual Lamenting in Ancient Mesopotamia, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 174-224, 2020
374:
Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian texts. It is unclear if this was the Early Dynastic city being re-established or a completely different and unrelated city.
462:
A Larak is mentioned in writings of Neo-Babylonian and Neo-Assyrian times but it is not certain if this is the same city. The ruler Neo-Assyrian ruler
1219:
1165:
1147:
447:
In the Eridu Genesis, a literary composition written around 1600 BC, Larak is listed as the 3rd city ie "the third, Larak, she gave to Pabilsag,".
386:. It has been suggested that Tell al-Hayyad, a 40 hectare site, is Larak. The site is #1306 in the Adams survey. The 3rd millennium BC site of
1214:
1024:
Ansky, S., "The Destroyed House", The Harps that Once..., edited by David G. Roskies, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 475-477, 1992
251:
1015:
Ansky, S., "The Eridu Genesis", The Harps that Once..., edited by David G. Roskies, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 145-150, 1992
155:
50:
1183:
1100:
974:
928:
733:
363:
339:
190:
921:
939:
78:
1229:
797:
792:
575:
126:
1092:
1078:
1224:
1209:
1124:
271:
961:
538:
1084:
Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates
404:
370:. Gasan-aste ("Lady (of) the Throne"), a version of the healing goddess Ninisina was worshiped at Larak.
1082:
498:
279:
267:
1138:
129:
502:
275:
118:
612:
497:
There are a number of records of Larak stemming from the conflict between the Neo-Babyloan ruler
434:, is mentioned in the SKL (ruling for 288.800 years) before rulership moved on to the next city.
427:
333:
247:
1179:
1096:
980:
970:
924:
752:
486:
420:
263:
143:
122:
941:
J. N. Postgate, "Inscriptions from Tell al-Wilaya", Sumer, vol. 32, no. 1-2, pp. 77-100, 1976
879:
634:
555:
431:
133:
1116:
387:
324:
255:
1171:
1088:
1203:
1175:
1120:
438:
259:
628:
441:
which states "Ninašte has abandoned the house in Larak, her sheepfold—to the wind".
855:
467:
351:
239:
17:
706:"1 king; he ruled for 28,800 years. Then Larak fell and the kingship was taken to
430:. In some rescensions it is the 3rd while in others it is 4th. Only one ruler, is
426:
Larak is listed as one of the five antideluvian (before the flood) cities in the
463:
355:
243:
778:
598:
559:
474:
416:
984:
170:
157:
509:
412:
312:
362:-like warrior god additionally associated with judgment, medicine and the
950:
Stanley M. Burstein, "The Babyloniaca of Berossus", Malibu: Undena, 1978
687:
408:
367:
482:
359:
707:
602:
478:
343:
25:
470:
tribe) among the cities he defeated in his first military campaign.
804:
1142:
1063:
University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 47-74, 2013
679:
649:
347:
328:
289:
21:
451:
383:
382:
Larak is believed to be in the vicinity of the ancient city of
1121:"CITIES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD: AN INVENTORY (-3500 TO -1200)"
450:
In The Destroyed House, a lament for the destruction of
466:(705–681 BC) listed a Larak (as a city of the Chaldean
838:
836:
763:
520:
The following list should not be considered complete:
489:(605-562 BC) taxed a number of towns including Larak:
811:
969:. Chicago (Ill.): the University of Chicago press.
522:
308:
303:
295:
285:
235:
222:
209:
204:
196:
186:
149:
139:
113:
105:
801:
703:
594:
491:
419:, mentioned in the Sumerian King List and the
8:
31:
338:said to have been the third among the five
1143:"Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project"
30:
684:of not just Larak; but, to have held the
1148:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project
1141:; Leichty, Erle; Tinney, Steve (2021) .
842:
553:
832:
745:
702:
593:
366:, usually portrayed as the husband of
856:"The Sumerian king list: translation"
543:
331:that appears in some versions of the
85:
57:
7:
1123:. Department of Political Science.
812:Sjöberg, Leichty & Tinney 2021
437:The city is also mentioned in the
14:
200:50 ha (0.19 sq mi)
627:
84:
77:
56:
49:
1220:Former populated places in Iraq
734:Cities of the Ancient Near East
37:
1:
579:
252:Early Dynastic I, II, and III
226:
213:
1215:Archaeological sites in Iraq
764:
117:Uncertain; somewhere in the
1093:University of Chicago Press
960:Jacobsen, Thorkild (1939).
676:to have held the title of,
548:
542:
537:
534:
531:
528:
501:and the Neo-Assyrian ruler
485:, the neo-Babylonian ruler
1246:
756:
354:era. Its patron deity was
15:
1164:Whitehouse, Ruth (1977).
574:
43:
36:
1125:University of Washington
525:
390:has also been proposed.
16:Not to be confused with
1079:Adams, Robert McCormick
669:; very little otherwise
556:Early Dynastic I period
508:The Neo-Assyrian ruler
171:32.312750°N 45.661000°E
963:The Sumerian king list
884:oracc.museum.upenn.edu
721:
619:
495:
65:Shown within Near East
1152:(published 2003–2021)
1139:Sjöberg, Åke Waldemar
860:etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk
662:Historicity uncertain
499:Marduk-apla-iddina II
106:Alternative name
68:Show map of Near East
605:was taken to Larak."
296:Associated with
176:32.312750; 45.661000
93:Larak (Sumer) (Iraq)
1230:Dhi Qar Governorate
503:Tiglath-pileser III
423:, came from Larak.
399:Early dynastic city
167: /
33:
613:Sumerian King List
428:Sumerian King List
334:Sumerian King List
796:
782:
775:
771:
762:
725:
724:
657:
576:Predynastic Sumer
487:Nebuchadnezzar II
421:Epic of Gilgamesh
403:According to the
318:
317:
272:Middle Babylonian
144:Lower Mesopotamia
1237:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1167:The first cities
1160:
1158:
1157:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1117:Modelski, George
1112:
1110:
1109:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
995:
989:
988:
968:
957:
951:
948:
942:
937:
931:
919:
913:
909:
903:
900:
894:
893:
891:
890:
880:"Pabilsag (god)"
876:
870:
869:
867:
866:
852:
846:
840:
815:
809:
808:
807:
791:
777:
773:
769:
767:
761:romanized:
760:
758:
750:
719:
655:
653:
652: c. 2826 BC
635:En-sipad-zid-ana
631:
617:
588:
584:
581:
568:
564:
545:
523:
432:En-sipad-zid-ana
231:
228:
218:
215:
182:
181:
179:
178:
177:
172:
168:
165:
164:
163:
160:
134:Republic of Iraq
97:
96:Show map of Iraq
88:
87:
81:
69:
60:
59:
53:
34:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1225:Former kingdoms
1210:Sumerian cities
1200:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
977:
966:
959:
958:
954:
949:
945:
938:
934:
920:
916:
910:
906:
901:
897:
888:
886:
878:
877:
873:
864:
862:
854:
853:
849:
841:
834:
829:
824:
819:
818:
803:
802:
751:
747:
742:
730:
720:
715:
665:Known from the
654:
648:
637:
618:
610:
586:
582:
566:
562:
518:
473:To rebuild the
460:
411:, the ruler of
401:
396:
388:Tell al-Wilayah
380:
229:
216:
175:
173:
169:
166:
161:
158:
156:
154:
153:
101:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:
89:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
63:
62:
61:
39:
29:
12:
11:
5:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1172:United Kingdom
1161:
1135:
1119:(1997-07-10).
1113:
1101:
1089:United Kingdom
1074:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1036:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
975:
952:
943:
932:
914:
904:
895:
871:
847:
831:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
817:
816:
798:transliterated
793:transliterated
770:alternatively:
744:
743:
741:
738:
737:
736:
729:
726:
723:
722:
713:
700:
699:
698:
697:
670:
663:
658:
656:(28,800 years)
643:
641:
639:
632:
625:
621:
620:
608:
591:
590:
587: 2700 BC
572:
571:
567: 2700 BC
551:
550:
547:
541:
536:
533:
530:
527:
517:
516:List of rulers
514:
459:
456:
400:
397:
395:
392:
379:
376:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
287:
283:
282:
280:Neo-Babylonian
268:Old Babylonian
237:
233:
232:
224:
220:
219:
217: 3700 BC
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
92:
83:
82:
76:
75:
74:
73:
64:
55:
54:
48:
47:
46:
45:
44:
41:
40:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1242:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1187:
1185:9780714817248
1181:
1177:
1176:Phaidon Press
1173:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:9780226005447
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1059:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
986:
982:
978:
976:0-226-62273-8
972:
965:
964:
956:
953:
947:
944:
940:
936:
933:
930:
929:0-226-00544-5
926:
922:
918:
915:
908:
905:
899:
896:
885:
881:
875:
872:
861:
857:
851:
848:
844:
843:Modelski 1997
839:
837:
833:
826:
821:
813:
806:
799:
794:
789:
785:
780:
774:also written:
766:
754:
749:
746:
739:
735:
732:
731:
727:
718:
712:
711:
709:
701:
695:
691:
689:
683:
681:
675:
671:
668:
664:
661:
660:
659:
651:
647:
644:
642:
640:
638:𒂗𒉺𒇻𒍣𒀭𒈾
636:
633:
630:
626:
623:
622:
616:
614:
607:
606:
604:
601:fell and the
600:
592:
577:
573:
570:
561:
557:
552:
540:
524:
521:
515:
513:
511:
506:
504:
500:
494:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
458:Iron Age city
457:
455:
453:
448:
445:
442:
440:
439:Lament for Ur
435:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
398:
393:
391:
389:
385:
377:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
335:
330:
326:
325:ancient Iraqi
322:
314:
311:
307:
302:
298:
294:
291:
288:
284:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230: 500 BC
225:
221:
212:
208:
203:
199:
195:
192:
189:
185:
180:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
127:Al-Qādisiyyah
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
80:
52:
42:
35:
27:
23:
19:
1189:. Retrieved
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1146:
1128:. Retrieved
1106:. Retrieved
1083:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
993:
962:
955:
946:
935:
917:
907:
898:
887:. Retrieved
883:
874:
863:. Retrieved
859:
850:
787:
783:
748:
716:
705:
704:
693:
685:
677:
673:
672:Said on the
666:
645:
611:
596:
595:
554:
519:
507:
496:
492:
472:
468:Bit-Amukkani
461:
449:
446:
443:
436:
425:
402:
381:
372:
352:antediluvian
342:to hold the
332:
320:
319:
276:Neo-Assyrian
162:45°39′39.6″E
159:32°18′45.9″N
130:governorates
18:Larak Island
583: 2900
563: 2900
535:Succession
464:Sennacherib
405:Babyloniaca
350:during the
248:Jemdet Nasr
174: /
150:Coordinates
1204:Categories
1191:2021-08-04
1156:2021-08-04
1130:2021-08-04
1108:2021-08-04
889:2021-08-04
865:2021-06-30
822:References
779:anglicized
776:UD.UD.AK;
772:LA-RA-AK;
646:Uncertain,
599:Bad-tibira
585: – c.
565: – c.
529:Depiction
477:temple of
475:Etemenanki
417:Ubara-Tutu
364:underworld
304:Site notes
264:Isin-Larsa
985:491884743
827:Citations
510:Sargon II
413:Shuruppak
313:Lost city
309:Condition
299:Sumerians
223:Abandoned
1081:(1981).
805:la.ra.ag
757:𒆷𒊏𒀝𒆠
753:Sumerian
728:See also
714:—
696:of Sumer
688:Kingship
609:—
603:kingship
409:Berossus
378:Location
368:Ninisina
356:Pabilsag
344:kingship
327:city in
286:Cultures
256:Akkadian
114:Location
38:𒆷𒊏𒀝𒆠
1071:Sources
786:and/or
650:reigned
544:Approx.
539:Epithet
483:Babylon
394:History
360:Ninurta
323:was an
236:Periods
210:Founded
205:History
132:of the
119:Dhi Qar
1182:
1099:
983:
973:
927:
708:Sippar
597:"Then
549:Notes
546:dates
532:Ruler
479:Marduk
340:cities
260:Ur III
140:Region
26:Lagash
1150:(PSD)
967:(PDF)
788:Larag
784:Larak
765:Larak
740:Notes
692:over
615:(SKL)
348:Sumer
346:over
336:(SKL)
329:Sumer
321:Larak
290:Sumer
240:Ubaid
125:, or
123:Wasit
109:Larag
32:Larak
24:, or
22:Larsa
1180:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1053:2011
1034:2016
981:OCLC
971:ISBN
925:ISBN
912:2008
680:King
452:Isin
384:Isin
358:, a
244:Uruk
197:Area
191:City
187:Type
717:SKL
694:all
674:SKL
667:SKL
481:in
407:of
1206::
1178:.
1174::
1170:.
1145:.
1095:.
1091::
1087:.
979:.
882:.
858:.
835:^
800::
790:;
768:;
759:,
755::
710:."
624:1
589:)
580:c.
560:c.
526:#
415:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
266:,
262:,
258:,
254:,
250:,
246:,
242:,
227:c.
214:c.
121:,
20:,
1194:.
1159:.
1133:.
1111:.
987:.
892:.
868:.
845:.
814:)
810:(
795::
781::
690:"
686:"
682:"
678:"
578:(
569:)
558:(
28:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
