409: ft) in girth, and can weigh up to 9 kilograms (20 pounds). The young fruiting bodies are soft and yellow-white, soon hardening and becoming chalky throughout. As they age, they begin to exhibit red, brown, or gray developments in coloration, cracking cubically with thick white felts visible in larger cracks. The spores are white and ellipsoidal, being released through the bottom of the fruit during warmer months. The taste of both conks and felts is bitter and distinct.
33:
77:
612:
718:
695:
52:
690:
675:
660:
645:
627:
542:
populations are decreasing. While the fungus is particularly difficult to cultivate, there has been some promising research with inoculating larch branches. It is necessary to preserve the forests to prevent the extinction of
Agarikon; though there have been suggestions of researching
394:
These distinctive conks can be found growing out the side of or hanging off the branches of the host tree as high as 20 metres (65 feet) off the ground. These conks grow in a columnar or hoof-like shape, sometimes exceeding 65 centimetres (2 ft) in length and nearly 40 cm
547:
cultivation for the purpose of preserving the species, few locations actually protect the forests from logging, and there are conservation laws have been put in place for the fungus only in
Germany, Lithuania, Poland and Slovenia.
538:, which have been subject to diseases, invasive species, and deforestation, there has been a sharp decline in habitable space for the fungus. Due to major habitat loss, as well as unregulated harvesting,
386:, to ritualistic masks, and medicinal use; the name "quinine conk" is given due to its bitter taste. There is recent scientific evidence of it having potency against several viruses.
751:, hence the name "quinine conk", which they were thought to contain because of the bitter taste of the powdered conk, however they do not contain quinine, nor do they possess anti-
569:
1750:
1608:
1057:
1634:
1685:
762:
has performed numerous investigations of the biological activities of
Agarikon; its extracts have demonstrated antiviral activity against a range of viruses
1914:
1904:
1840:
1724:
1582:
611:
592:
growing in the rotting wood was being processed into textiles within these same peoples, creating a material similar in texture to leather.
747:
in 65 AD, and by some indigenous people to treat smallpox. Later on, the conks were collected extensively for production of medicinal
1083:
1033:
953:
1909:
1379:
777:
56:
1380:"Antipox Properties of Fomitopsis officinalis (Vl.: Fr.) Bond. et Singer (Agarikon) from the Pacific Northwest of North America"
584:. The fruiting bodies were carved into masks, most likely with ritualistic purposes, and frequently marked the graves of tribal
1944:
1430:"Chlorinated Coumarins from the Polypore Mushroom Fomitopsis officinalis and Their Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis"
808:
766:. This activity has been specifically observed against pox family viruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2, Influenza A, Influenza B, and
76:
1639:
1949:
1934:
1929:
1919:
776:
Other researchers have identified novel chlorinated coumarins in the organism which demonstrated notably low
1954:
1924:
850:
Blanchette, Robert A.; Haynes, Deborah Tear; Held, Benjamin W.; Niemann, Jonas; Wales, Nathan (2021-03-04).
448:
1939:
1501:
828:
Kałucka, Izabela; Tanya
Svetasheva (Leo Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University, Russia (2019-03-28).
175:
138:
1868:
1832:
1778:
1649:
1574:
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744:
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A single "conk" usually indicates the complete infection of the tree, which can become a habitat for
1716:
1192:
425:
41:
1136:
1051:
887:
535:
295:
229:
209:
71:
908:
Blanchette, Robert A.; Compton, Brian D.; Turner, Nancy J.; Gilbtrtson, Robert L. (1992-01-01).
32:
1613:
1876:
1814:
1755:
1543:
1459:
1360:
1352:
1337:"The early modern Japanese state and Ainu vaccinations: redefining the body politic 1799-1868"
1314:
1295:
1256:
1128:
1120:
1079:
1039:
1029:
975:
929:
879:
871:
651:
482:
431:
353:
1881:
954:"Medicinal Polypores of the Forests of North America: Screening for Novel Antiviral Activity"
1449:
1441:
1391:
1344:
1287:
1197:
species and related taxa based on analyses of nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences"
1171:
1112:
965:
921:
863:
804:
681:
200:
1225:
1255:. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Northern Region.
565:
1479:
910:"Nineteenth Century Shaman Grave Guardians are Carved Fomitopsis Officinalis Sporophores"
1315:"Medicinal Mushrooms in Italy and Their ex situ Conservation Through Culture Collection"
1252:
Field guide to diseases and insect pests of northern and central Rocky
Mountain conifers
1827:
1711:
1569:
1454:
1429:
970:
736:
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118:
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species, however it has been observed on certain species of coniferous trees in genus
1898:
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108:
61:
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925:
759:
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1395:
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909:
1737:
1595:
1411:"[Patent] Antiviral and antibacterial activity from medicinal mushrooms"
851:
466:
376:
284:
128:
1676:
1524:
1275:
1410:
1291:
1176:
1155:
564:, referred to as “bread of the ghosts” in local languages, was important both
453:
1356:
1348:
1299:
1260:
1124:
979:
933:
875:
1698:
1101:"Evaluation of the monophyly of Fomitopsis using parsimony and MCMC methods"
852:"Fungal mycelial mats used as textile by indigenous people of North America"
702:
581:
419:
360:
88:
1489:
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8th
International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products
1858:
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486:
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98:
1768:
1495:
1703:
1274:
CHLEBICKI, ANDRZEJ; Mukhin, Viktor A.; Ushakova, Nadezhda (2008).
503:
379:. The fruiting bodies grow in large conks on the trunks of trees.
273:
196:
192:
829:
1026:
National
Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms
509:
490:
262:
1561:
1499:
801:
Fomitopsis officinalis. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species
1099:
Kim, Kyung Mo; Yoon, Yuh-Gang; Jung, Hack Sung (2005-09-01).
830:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fomitopsis officinalis"
470:" denotes an organism associated with herbalism or medicine.
382:
There has been a history of human use of the fungus, from
809:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T\\\\\\\75104087A75104095.en
1276:"Fomitopsis officinalis on Siberian Larch in the Urals"
367:
native to Europe, Asia, and North
America, as well as
451:
showed that this species has genetical distance from
1789:
1660:
1508:
715:
687:
672:
657:
642:
624:
605:
570:indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
429:and its relatives may be similar, in addition to
1156:"Taxonomy and phylogeny of the brown-rot fungi:
1484:Trees, insects and diseases of Canada's forests
1154:Han ML, Chen YY, Shen LL, et al. (2016).
371:. This fungus is the only member of the genus
8:
1384:International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
958:International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
799:Kałucka, I.L. & Svetasheva, T. (2019).
1496:
1056:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
588:. In addition, there is evidence that the
50:
31:
20:
1453:
1175:
969:
668:attachment is irregular or not applicable
534:Because wild Agarikon is found mainly in
1191:Yu ZH, Wu SH, Wang DM, Chen CT (2010).
792:
423:which are blacker and prefer hardwood.
1049:
1028:. National Audubon Society. New York.
602:
1219:
1217:
7:
1869:ace14436-da66-46e9-8530-53ceb4ae7dbe
1779:833cd666-f1d2-4d41-9e51-8f8737f74ba0
1650:574f77f0-7d8a-4e43-94ad-04853a6158b2
1019:
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1013:
994:"POLYPORES of the Pacific Northwest"
947:
945:
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903:
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845:
843:
823:
821:
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834:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1915:Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
1492:, Cornell University Mushroom Blog
971:10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v7.i3.210
14:
778:minimum inhibitory concentrations
1905:IUCN Red List endangered species
1078:. New York: Knopf. p. 218.
716:
693:
688:
673:
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75:
1193:"Phylogenetic relationships of
743:) according to the writings of
443:This mushroom is also known as
1117:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832773
926:10.1080/00275514.1992.12026114
572:of North America, such as the
501:. It commonly prefers various
1:
1396:10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v7.i3.60
868:10.1080/00275514.2020.1858686
811:. Downloaded on 09 July 2020.
1224:Stamets, Paul (2009-11-13).
803:2019: e.T75104087A75104095.
618:Mycological characteristics
417:It can resemble members of
1971:
1486:, Natural Resources Canada
1076:Mushrooms of North America
782:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
768:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1335:Walker, B. (1999-05-01).
1292:10.1017/s0269915x03003057
1226:"The Search for Agarikon"
1177:10.1007/s13225-016-0364-y
952:Stamets, Paul E. (2005).
481:resides predominantly in
283:(Vill.) Bondartsev &
215:
208:
181:
174:
155:Kotl. & Pouzar (1957)
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
479:Lariciformes officinalis
474:Distribution and ecology
1910:Fungi described in 1789
1510:Laricifomes officinalis
1160:and its related genera"
607:Laricifomes officinalis
562:Laricifomes officinalis
459:Laricifomes officinalis
336:Laricifomes officinalis
185:Laricifomes officinalis
25:Laricifomes officinalis
1945:Fungi of North America
1378:Stamets, Paul (2005).
1349:10.1093/past/163.1.121
1024:Lincoff, Gary (1981).
739:to treat consumption (
445:Fomitopsis officinalis
280:Fomitopsis officinalis
247:Cladomeris officinalis
236:Piptoporus officinalis
1428:Hwang, Chang (2013).
1249:Hagle, Susan (2003).
526:-nesting organisms.
464:The species epithet "
225:Polyporus officinalis
745:Pedanius Dioscorides
258:Ungulina officinalis
1791:Boletus officinalis
1313:Savino, E. (2014).
568:and spiritually to
426:Fomitopsis mounceae
326:Lázaro Ibiza (1916)
309:Boletus officinalis
291:Agaricum officinale
218:Boletus officinalis
167:L. officinalis
42:Conservation status
1341:Past & Present
536:old-growth forests
483:old-growth forests
359:that causes brown
1892:
1891:
1877:Open Tree of Life
1502:Taxon identifiers
1446:10.1021/np400497f
1440:(10): 1916–1922.
1204:Botanical Studies
730:
729:
600:Species of fungus
432:Ganoderma brownii
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269:Fomes officinalis
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16:Species of fungus
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1343:(163): 121–160.
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1164:Fungal Diversity
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139:Laricifomitaceae
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21:
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1935:Fungi of Africa
1930:Medicinal fungi
1920:Fomitopsidaceae
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1409:Stamets, Paul.
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441:
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413:Similar species
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321:
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1415:Google Patents
1401:
1390:(3): 495–506.
1370:
1327:
1305:
1286:(3): 116–120.
1266:
1241:
1230:Fungi Perfecti
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1111:(4): 812–822.
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733:L. officinalis
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340:also known as
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323:Fomes fuscatus
319:Pollini (1824)
305:F.Rubel (1778)
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530:Conservation
521:
514:
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461:is favored.
458:
452:
449:DNA analyses
444:
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350:quinine conk
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1738:iNaturalist
1662:Laricifomes
1596:iNaturalist
1170:: 343–373.
758:Mycologist
700:Ecology is
566:medicinally
467:officinalis
390:Description
377:Polyporales
373:Laricifomes
150:Laricifomes
129:Polyporales
1899:Categories
1434:J Nat Prod
1280:Mycologist
1235:2021-11-03
1158:Fomitopsis
1003:2021-11-03
964:(3): 362.
788:References
454:Fomitopsis
354:wood-decay
105:Division:
57:Endangered
1806:Q54366608
1357:0031-2746
1300:0269-915X
1261:904213093
1141:203881210
1125:0027-5514
1105:Mycologia
1052:cite book
980:1521-9437
934:0027-5514
914:Mycologia
892:231962550
876:0027-5514
856:Mycologia
784:complex.
703:parasitic
582:Tsimshian
420:Phellinus
361:heart rot
348:, or the
161:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1854:MycoBank
1828:Fungorum
1800:Wikidata
1764:MycoBank
1712:Fungorum
1691:60016137
1686:AusFungi
1677:Q6489352
1671:Wikidata
1622:MycoBank
1614:11319169
1570:Fungorum
1533:BioLib:
1525:Q1314944
1519:Wikidata
1490:Agarikon
1464:24087924
1365:22049584
1324:: 50–53.
1210:: 53–60.
1195:Antrodia
1133:16457351
1074:(2023).
884:33605842
771:in vitro
764:in vitro
753:malarial
725:inedible
680:Lacks a
666:Hymenium
637:hymenium
590:mycelium
439:Taxonomy
384:textiles
365:conifers
342:agarikon
294:(Vill.)
272:(Vill.)
261:(Vill.)
250:(Vill.)
241:P.Karst.
239:(Vill.)
228:(Vill.)
210:Synonyms
135:Family:
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1882:5303957
1846:5245538
1756:1040304
1730:2543468
1588:2543469
1455:3851412
1072:Audubon
1044:8059978
749:quinine
586:shamans
574:Tlingit
545:ex situ
499:Morocco
404:⁄
369:Morocco
352:, is a
346:eburiko
298:(1971)
145:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
1866:NZOR:
1859:473433
1833:473433
1776:NZOR:
1743:135217
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580:, and
516:Cedrus
493:, and
487:Europe
357:fungus
287:(1941)
285:Singer
276:(1931)
265:(1900)
254:(1886)
243:(1882)
232:(1821)
203:(1957)
201:Pouzar
199:&
1820:68MWG
1769:17905
1751:IRMNG
1717:17905
1609:IRMNG
1549:6NXN4
1536:59925
1318:(PDF)
1200:(PDF)
1137:S2CID
888:S2CID
682:stipe
633:Pores
578:Haida
510:Pinus
504:Larix
274:Bres.
252:Quél.
197:Kotl.
193:Vill.
99:Fungi
1841:GBIF
1725:GBIF
1699:EPPO
1635:NCBI
1583:GBIF
1460:PMID
1361:PMID
1353:ISSN
1296:ISSN
1257:OCLC
1129:PMID
1121:ISSN
1080:ISBN
1058:link
1040:OCLC
1030:ISBN
976:ISSN
930:ISSN
880:PMID
872:ISSN
552:Uses
524:snag
513:and
491:Asia
296:Donk
263:Pat.
1815:CoL
1557:EoL
1544:CoL
1450:PMC
1442:doi
1392:doi
1345:doi
1288:doi
1172:doi
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864:doi
860:113
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230:Fr.
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