845:
69:
1089:
31:
3719:
659:
1287:
506:
are a clue of a common ancestral origin. Similar between the two genera are also some aspects of the phenology, the degree of shade tolerance, the fire-resistant marbled bark and the appearance of the young shoots.
291:
in which they are present, thanks also to their biological adaptations to natural disturbances, to reproductive strategies put in place and high average longevity of the individuals. Currently are assigned to this
3549:
3554:
561:...) and rechristened immediately after with the current term. The grouping in this form was confirmed by Hart (1987) through cladistic analysis, but already in 1988 Frankis replaced
1343:
group and this version was confirmed by Hart (1987), Frankis (1988), Farjon (1990), Wang et al. (2000) and
Gernandt et al. (2008), although it has not yet found application in the
624:, subsequently eliminated following the most recent systematic updates developed on the basis of molecular genetic phylogeny, reproductive morphology, chromosome numbers and
3687:
2034:
Ran, Jin-Hua; Shen, Ting-Ting; Wu, Hui; Gong, Xun; Wang, Xiao-Quan (2018). "Phylogeny and evolutionary history of
Pinaceae updated by transcriptomic analysis".
3605:
1243:
and the presence of an exine shell during microgametophyte germination. Doyle and O'Leary (1935) furthermore described a pollination process very similar in
1259:, which lacks air sacs, lands on an almost stigmatic extension of the integument, the margins of which tend to inroll. The contact with the nucellus may (
418:
well attached to the scale during maturation); furthermore, among the typical distinctive features of the group, we have the micropylar fluid of the
3421:
933:
2094:
1977:
1566:
line between them compared to the rest of the group, while maintaining a strong degree of kinship with it. For Wang et al. (2000), instead,
2080:
960:
895:
378:
1118:. The leaves are needle-like, evergreen, 2.5–5 cm long with ciliates margins when young; they grow in spiral patterns around sprig.
2295:
885:
pendulous with persistent scales and three-pointed bract sticking out from the structure. They are found in the temperate mountains of
2376:
3611:
972:
2506:
1207:
including, but not only, a various tissues common anatomy, immunology of seed protein and the absence of the two air sacs in the
2945:
1734:
3426:
2876:
1067:
937:
1075:
3595:
3182:
2697:
1060:
762:
520:
166:
3677:
3431:
494:
and extractives, the chemical, physical and mechanical properties as well as the class of resistance to the attack of
68:
3816:
3411:
3561:
2258:
1852:
1595:
1275:
tubes to develop, but the mechanism is almost analogous. The time from pollination to fertilization in these two
342:
48:
3699:
3544:
2594:
1199:. This evidence is demonstrated by numerous biological and macro-micro morphological similarities between the
1002:
414:
from the abaxial view. These last are whitish and firmly fixed to the wing (this thin membrane also keeps the
2288:
1594:, however are not universally accepted and many botanics, researchers and scientists still use the previous
1012:
911:
1023:
3739:
3529:
3453:
2369:
2250:
1844:
1440:
pendulous, persistent scales, three-pointed bract sticking out between scales............................
992:
905:
3694:
1563:
559:“trees that have both short and long shoots, monomorphic leaves, and strobili borne on the short shoots”
856:
3806:
3416:
3268:
2940:
2499:
1458:
1156:
1115:
1049:
1034:
829:
801:
459:
162:
3586:
3131:
1100:
1040:
915:
694:
315:
609:
3524:
3389:
3258:
3167:
2859:
2645:
2541:
2281:
2059:
1606:
1104:
743:
605:
63:
52:
844:
573:(a genus described for the first time in 1962) in a new classification (now obsolete) that saw
3811:
3682:
2531:
2526:
2362:
2212:
2090:
2051:
2016:
1973:
1951:
1902:
1559:
1551:
817:
323:
1452:
needle-like, 2.5-5 cm long, ciliate margins when young, grow in spiral patterns around stem;
527:
in late 1954 and subsequently modified by other authors in the course of time as regards the
3468:
3374:
3369:
3323:
3216:
3201:
3162:
3087:
2928:
2852:
2749:
2691:
2307:
2202:
2194:
2043:
2006:
1941:
1933:
1892:
1884:
1367:
Laricoideae is relatively simple, since only three of them belong to it and one of these is
1231:
however do not stop here and include other aspects as: granules not buoyant, atectate, with
946:
825:
2183:"Comparative Chloroplast Genomics Reveals the Evolution of Pinaceae Genera and Subfamilies"
1922:"Comparative Chloroplast Genomics Reveals the Evolution of Pinaceae Genera and Subfamilies"
1456:
3-5 cm long, 15-20 scales, each scale bearing two winged seeds............................
3722:
3704:
3566:
3395:
3345:
3333:
3313:
3295:
3231:
3058:
3026:
2987:
2960:
2789:
2784:
2675:
2611:
2492:
2011:
1994:
1356:
983:
809:
789:
690:
471:
38:
2230:
3616:
3581:
3534:
3516:
3480:
3236:
3063:
3041:
3007:
2982:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2832:
2650:
2635:
2589:
2584:
2207:
2182:
1946:
1921:
1897:
1872:
1088:
998:
777:
769:
727:
702:
467:
386:
are needle-like and have primary stomatal bands only on the abaxial surface (below the
262:
93:
689:. Deciduous trees, they live in cold climates at elevate altitude in the mountains of
30:
3800:
3652:
3400:
3318:
3290:
3253:
3221:
3157:
3077:
2977:
2779:
2762:
2685:
2665:
2606:
2601:
2549:
2328:
2323:
1871:
Nepi, M.; von
Aderkas, P.; Wagner, R.; Mugnaini, S.; Coulter, A.; Pacini, E. (2009).
1579:
942:
886:
755:
751:
735:
698:
670:
524:
435:
407:
170:
56:
43:
2063:
486:, the presence of resiniferous channels and their localization in the tissuets, the
3647:
3637:
3539:
3263:
3248:
2757:
2724:
2338:
1527:
1453:
1437:
1328:
1312:
1189:
1119:
890:
882:
658:
1286:
3783:
3762:
3463:
3448:
3443:
3379:
3241:
3021:
2992:
2891:
2886:
2734:
2574:
2569:
2554:
2465:
2458:
2354:
2333:
2146:
2126:
2047:
1683:
1661:
1633:
1618:
1568:
1543:
1522:
1502:
1442:
1391:
1371:. Below is reported the taxonomic identification scheme in the form of a table:
1332:
1307:
1267:
1251:
1227:
1204:
1183:
927:
862:
851:
614:
585:
539:
450:
304:
280:
275:
211:
3492:
3485:
3475:
3458:
3141:
3136:
3072:
2864:
2711:
2670:
2564:
2437:
2423:
2134:
2130:
1671:
1622:
1583:
1344:
1340:
1295:
1293:
subfamilies in the classification version currently most widespread and used (
920:
625:
399:
391:
179:
106:
1534:, highlighting a different (sub-parallel) origin compared than the remaining
410:
and the scales show a broad base which, at observation, completely hides the
3600:
3497:
3226:
3031:
3012:
2923:
2847:
2719:
2660:
2640:
2579:
2304:
1693:
1666:
1614:
1602:
1587:
1507:
1491:
1488:
1368:
1364:
1336:
1325:
1172:
686:
629:
612:; for this reason in the past they have been also included in it the genera
593:
557:, defined for the first time by Melchior and Werdermann always in 1954 (...
554:
550:
516:
495:
487:
483:
463:
419:
366:
362:
358:
293:
288:
266:
242:
234:
2216:
2055:
2020:
1955:
1906:
632:
Laricoideae, of which one of which is monotypic as it consists of only one
2240:
2163:
3756:
3642:
3632:
3576:
3571:
3338:
3211:
3187:
3104:
2774:
2559:
2389:
2343:
2318:
2264:
2198:
2114:
1995:"Phylogeny and divergence times in Pinaceae: evidence from three genomes"
1937:
1888:
1759:
1656:
1591:
1555:
1547:
1531:
1290:
1212:
597:
479:
475:
373:
334:
330:
270:
238:
146:
3773:
601:
2827:
2822:
2739:
2729:
2409:
2142:
1688:
1639:
1535:
1479:
1397:
1317:
1195:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1095:
676:
633:
579:
569:
503:
455:
354:
319:
310:
258:
218:
136:
126:
116:
3280:
3172:
3126:
3092:
3046:
3036:
2997:
2935:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2515:
2416:
2273:
2122:
1920:
Lin, C. P.; Huang, J. P.; Wu, C. S.; Hsu, C. Y.; Chaw, S. M. (2010).
1610:
1449:
1360:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1256:
1240:
1216:
1208:
954:
950:
710:
620:
563:
545:
387:
383:
338:
284:
245:
3733:
283:). Ecologically important trees, the Laricoideae form pure or mixed
628:. Currently, based on these studies, there are three genera in the
3504:
3438:
3360:
3328:
3285:
3177:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3097:
3082:
3051:
2972:
2630:
2621:
2472:
2451:
2444:
2430:
2402:
2385:
2154:
2150:
2138:
2118:
2086:
1678:
1644:
1627:
1574:
1539:
1516:
1496:
1484:
1432:
1426:
1411:
1385:
1301:
1285:
1261:
1245:
1232:
1221:
1200:
1177:
1143:
1131:
1122:
3–5 cm long with 15-20 scales, each scale bearing two winged
1111:
877:
871:
866:
718:
714:
681:
665:
574:
533:
528:
499:
491:
444:
427:
423:
411:
395:
369:
298:
253:
249:
204:
187:
80:
1590:. These revisions and interactions, which would find evidence in
3355:
3350:
3002:
2842:
2817:
2812:
2796:
2767:
2655:
2181:
Lin, C. P; Huang, J. P; Wu, C. S; Hsu, C. Y; Chaw, S. M (2010).
1150:
on steep mountain slopes between the 950 and 1800 m of altitude.
1123:
706:
439:
431:
415:
327:
3737:
2488:
2358:
2277:
3275:
2837:
1477:
According to the latest research still in progress, the genus
1424:
3. Medium to extremely large trees; often resemble species of
1324:
Price et al. he supposed in 1977 that the
Laricoideae were a
919:– Bigcone Douglas-fir, spontaneous in mountains of Southern
1609:
dignity of its own, recognizing only two large multi-group
2158:. Aljos Farjon. Koeltz Scientific Books, 1990 - 330 pages.
2484:
430:
and the presence, in the vascular cylinder of the young
1873:"Nectar and pollination drops: how different are they?"
1582:
about 65 million years ago, in an era between the late
1538:. Spellenberg, Earle and Nelson (2014) report that the
434:, of two characteristic small resiniferous canals. The
2265:
1760:"Subfamily Laricoideae (Rendle) Pilger & Melchior"
279:, which however belongs to a different subfamily, the
398:
but in different reproductive structures. The annual
261:), which contains inside most of the species of the
3746:
3661:
3625:
3515:
3388:
3304:
3200:
3150:
2875:
2805:
2748:
2710:
2684:
2620:
2540:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1283:germination can take months (Little et al., 2014).
1785:Pinaceae: drawings and descriptions of the genera
519:Laricoideae was described with the actual name by
869:and often resemble morphologically as species of
2082:Botanica Sistematica - Un Approccio Filogenetico
2500:
2370:
2289:
1972:. Princeton Field Guides. 2014. p. 106.
1562:, thus forming a divided and closely related
8:
3606:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
2117:, Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera:
1187:are more closely correlated to each other (
3734:
2707:
2507:
2493:
2485:
2377:
2363:
2355:
2296:
2282:
2274:
372:that can reach the greater heights in the
29:
20:
2206:
2075:
2073:
2010:
1945:
1896:
1735:"Douglas-fir: Tallest Tree in The World?"
337:; some constitute an important source of
3550:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
1374:
1239:) granular, pollination drop containing
893:, where they can reach 100 m in height (
821:Rehder & E.H.Wilson – Masters' larch
639:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1705:
1510:Laricoideae. Furthermore, studying the
1483:would be attributed to the grouping of
314:) and its members can be found only in
1826:. Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books.
1613:(Pinoid and Abietoid) or subfamilies (
592:Historically the Laricoideae were the
531:of belonging. Before that, the genera
248:family. They take their name from the
2036:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2012:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026356
1721:
993:Pseudotsuga menziesii var. lindleyana
577:as a distinct twin group compared to
7:
1068:Pseudotsuga sinensis var. wilsoniana
896:Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
379:Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
2162:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018).
1993:XQ. Wang; Tank DC; Sang T. (2000).
1076:Pseudotsuga sinensis var. gaussenii
287:associations often dominant in the
1849:Missouri Botanical Garden Taxonomy
1598:waiting for further developments.
1061:Pseudotsuga sinensis var. sinensis
394:, with separate sexes on the same
14:
3555:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
3718:
3717:
1601:For other authors, finally, the
1211:, typicals instead of the other
1087:
1019:– Short-leaf Chinese Douglas-fir
843:
657:
67:
1514:, Ran et al. (2010) found that
1215:. The similarities between the
549:were gathered in a provisional
466:and the white-yellowish of the
1970:Trees of Western North America
865:are medium to extremely large
1:
1409:............................
1373:
638:
376:family (over 100 meters with
3596:History of plant systematics
3183:Thorns, spines, and prickles
2187:Genome Biology and Evolution
1926:Genome Biology and Evolution
1572:differentiated himself from
988:– Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir
693:or at high latitudes in the
521:Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger
2048:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.011
1279:may be over a year and the
462:: the reddish color of the
333:and are the more northerly
3833:
3412:Alternation of generations
1739:Vancouver Island Big Trees
1605:Laricoideae would have no
1494:), leaving therefore only
600:comprising the trees with
390:vessels). All members are
343:non-timber forest products
322:live for the most part in
3713:
3562:Cultivated plant taxonomy
3525:Biological classification
2522:
2397:
2314:
2259:Missouri Botanical Garden
1853:Missouri Botanical Garden
1643:would be included in the
200:
195:
185:
178:
64:Scientific classification
62:
49:Wenatchee National Forest
37:
28:
23:
3422:Evolutionary development
3073:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
2241:The Gymnosperm Database
2168:The Gymnosperm Database
1554:and they kept a common
1512:mitochondrial rps3 gene
1114:with only one species:
1056:– Chinese Douglas-fir:
813:Batalin – Chinese larch
773:Ledeb. – Siberian larch
618:(for a short time) and
265:and is one of only two
3688:by author abbreviation
3612:Plant taxonomy systems
3530:Botanical nomenclature
2243:– Pinaceae (subfamily
1473:Revisions and research
1321:
1045:– Japanese Douglas-fir
1017:W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu
1013:Pseudotsuga brevifolia
906:Pseudotsuga macrocarpa
478:, the distribution of
3695:Botanical expeditions
1289:
1219:grains of the genera
1024:Pseudotsuga forrestii
1006:– Mexican Douglas-fir
974:Pseudotsuga menziesii
962:Pseudotsuga menziesii
928:Pseudotsuga menziesii
781:(Rupr.) Kuzen. (syn.
604:inserted both on the
3427:Evolutionary history
3417:Double fertilization
3269:Cellular respiration
1459:Cathaya argyrophylla
1157:Cathaya argyrophylla
1116:Cathaya argyrophylla
1071:– Taiwan Douglas-fir
1050:Pseudotsuga sinensis
1035:Pseudotsuga japonica
1030:– Yunnan Douglas-fir
802:Larix x czekanowskii
793:(Lamb.) Carr. (syn.
697:. They are found in
2646:Non-vascular plants
1783:Farjon, A. (1990).
1526:are evolutionarily
1359:to recognizing the
969:– Coast Douglas-fir
836:) – Himalayan larch
695:Northern Hemisphere
406:) have no distinct
316:Northern Hemisphere
16:Subfamily of plants
3151:Surface structures
2946:Flower development
2199:10.1093/gbe/evq036
1938:10.1093/gbe/evq036
1889:10.1093/aob/mcp124
1322:
1134:, in provinces of
1130:grows in Southern
797:) – Japanese larch
785:) – Dahurian larch
765:) – European larch
744:Larix occidentalis
474:compared to other
3817:Plant subfamilies
3794:
3793:
3740:Taxon identifiers
3731:
3730:
3370:Herbaceous plants
3196:
3195:
2482:
2481:
2352:
2351:
2237:on taxonomicon.nl
2096:978-88-299-1824-9
1979:978-0-691-14580-8
1560:million years ago
1552:million years ago
1546:evolved from the
1469:
1468:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1055:
1044:
1029:
1018:
1005:
987:
940:
918:
818:Larix mastersiana
227:
226:
174:
3824:
3787:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3735:
3721:
3720:
3700:Individual trees
3375:Secondary growth
3346:Succulent plants
3334:Prostrate shrubs
3217:Apical dominance
3202:Plant physiology
3163:Epicuticular wax
2708:
2701:
2692:Plant morphology
2509:
2502:
2495:
2486:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2356:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2220:
2210:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2101:
2100:
2089:: PICCIN. 2007.
2077:
2068:
2067:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2014:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1877:Annals of Botany
1868:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1375:
1363:included to the
1335:rather than the
1271:) be needed for
1161:Chun & Kuang
1160:
1107:
1091:
1053:
1038:
1027:
1016:
996:
981:
947:British Columbia
931:
909:
859:
847:
826:Larix griffithii
731:(Du Roi) K. Koch
673:
661:
640:
426:vesicles on the
361:Laricoideae are
160:
72:
71:
33:
21:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3780:
3772:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3742:
3732:
3727:
3709:
3678:Botanical terms
3671:
3657:
3621:
3567:Citrus taxonomy
3545:Author citation
3511:
3405:
3384:
3306:
3300:
3296:Turgor pressure
3204:
3192:
3146:
2961:Floral symmetry
2879:
2871:
2801:
2790:Vascular bundle
2785:Vascular tissue
2744:
2704:
2695:
2694:
2680:
2651:Vascular plants
2616:
2612:Plant pathology
2536:
2518:
2513:
2483:
2478:
2393:
2383:
2353:
2348:
2334:Sciadopityaceae
2310:
2302:
2227:
2180:
2172:
2170:
2161:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2033:
2032:
2028:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1855:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1707:
1702:
1653:
1506:to forming the
1475:
1470:
1419:Evergreen trees
1407:Deciduous trees
1357:dichotomous key
1353:
1351:Dichotomous key
1169:
1099:
855:
834:L. griffithiana
810:Larix potaninii
790:Larix kaempferi
691:temperate zones
669:
652:Living species
513:
472:specific weight
454:have a similar
351:
273:(together with
191:
159:
66:
39:Subalpine larch
17:
12:
11:
5:
3830:
3828:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3799:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
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3768:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
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3726:
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3707:
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3690:
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3669:
3668:Related topics
3666:
3662:
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3617:Taxonomic rank
3614:
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3593:
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3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3569:
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3552:
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3535:Botanical name
3527:
3521:
3519:
3517:Plant taxonomy
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3493:Megasporangium
3490:
3489:
3488:
3481:Microsporangia
3473:
3472:
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3466:
3461:
3456:
3446:
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3321:
3319:Cushion plants
3310:
3308:
3302:
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3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
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3266:
3256:
3254:Plant hormones
3251:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3237:Photosynthesis
3234:
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3224:
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3214:
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3206:
3198:
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3010:
3000:
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2990:
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2963:
2958:
2956:Floral formula
2953:
2951:Floral diagram
2948:
2943:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2904:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2880:(incl. Flower)
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
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2800:
2799:
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2792:
2782:
2780:Storage organs
2777:
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2754:
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2745:
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2737:
2732:
2727:
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2716:
2714:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:Spermatophytes
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Archaeplastida
2633:
2627:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2590:Phytogeography
2587:
2585:Phytochemistry
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2542:Subdisciplines
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2238:
2231:Taxonomicon.nl
2226:
2225:External links
2223:
2222:
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2109:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2069:
2026:
2005:(5): 773–781.
1985:
1978:
1961:
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1883:(2): 205–219.
1863:
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1596:classification
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1471:
1467:
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1462:
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1415:
1352:
1349:
1265:) or may not (
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1151:
1146:and southeast
1108:
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924:
900:
860:
848:
840:
839:
838:
837:
822:
814:
806:
798:
786:
778:Larix gmelinii
774:
770:Larix sibirica
766:
748:
740:
732:
728:Larix laricina
722:
703:Central Europe
674:
662:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
512:
509:
490:that form the
442:of the genera
350:
347:
318:. The various
296:three genera (
269:genera of the
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3653:Phytochemical
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3291:Transpiration
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3103:
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3081:
3080:
3079:
3078:Inflorescence
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2787:
2786:
2783:
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2778:
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2764:
2763:Ground tissue
2761:
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2718:
2717:
2715:
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2709:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:Plant anatomy
2683:
2677:
2674:
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2669:
2667:
2664:
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2637:
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2628:
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2610:
2608:
2607:Plant ecology
2605:
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2602:Plant anatomy
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2596:
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2550:Archaeobotany
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2329:Podocarpaceae
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2324:Araucariaceae
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2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:Mol Biol Evol
1996:
1989:
1986:
1981:
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1741:. 6 July 2011
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1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:North America
1577:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:to all other
1529:
1528:sister genera
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1498:
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1334:
1330:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:sister genera
1310:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1299:is missing):
1298:
1297:
1292:
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1278:
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1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1254:
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1238:
1234:
1233:external wall
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1218:
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948:
945:from Central
944:
943:North America
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815:
812:
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799:
796:
795:L. leptolepis
792:
791:
787:
784:
780:
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775:
772:
771:
767:
764:
761:
757:
754:
753:
752:Larix decidua
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
737:
736:Larix lyallii
733:
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725:
724:
723:
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:and Northern
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699:North America
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667:
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541:
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530:
526:
525:Hans Melchior
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489:
485:
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477:
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461:
457:
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:
375:
371:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:
307:
306:
301:
300:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:
272:
271:pines complex
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:
251:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
221:
220:
216:
214:
213:
209:
207:
206:
202:
201:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:Tracheophytes
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
70:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:
44:Larix lyallii
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3747:
3648:Horticulture
3638:Floriculture
3540:Correct name
3390:Reproduction
3380:Woody plants
3305:Plant growth
3264:Gas Exchange
3249:Phytomelanin
3127:Plant embryo
2877:Reproductive
2725:Phragmoplast
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2339:Cupressaceae
2268:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2190:
2186:
2171:. Retrieved
2167:
2113:
2108:Bibliography
2081:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1969:
1964:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1856:, retrieved
1848:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
1763:
1754:
1743:. Retrieved
1738:
1729:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1600:
1573:
1567:
1544:Douglas firs
1521:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1495:
1478:
1476:
1457:
1441:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1354:
1323:
1316:
1315:compared to
1306:
1300:
1294:
1266:
1260:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1226:
1220:
1205:Douglas-firs
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1155:
1094:
1074:
1066:
1059:
1048:
1033:
1022:
1011:
991:
977:
973:
965:
961:
926:
904:
894:
891:Eastern Asia
876:
870:
863:Douglas-firs
850:
833:
824:
816:
808:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
768:
759:
750:
742:
734:
726:
680:
664:
619:
613:
610:brachiblasts
591:
584:
578:
568:
562:
558:
544:
538:
532:
514:
449:
443:
403:
377:
352:
309:
303:
297:
274:
252:
230:
228:
217:
210:
203:
186:
156:
107:Gymnospermae
100:
87:
42:
24:Laricoideae
18:
3807:Laricoideae
3748:Laricoideae
3464:Pollen tube
3459:Pollinators
3449:Pollination
3444:Germination
3259:Respiration
3242:Chlorophyll
3088:Pedicellate
3022:Gametophyte
2941:Aestivation
2892:Antheridium
2887:Archegonium
2735:Plasmodesma
2712:Plant cells
2575:Paleobotany
2570:Ethnobotany
2555:Astrobotany
2466:Pseudotsuga
2459:Pseudolarix
2251:Laricoideae
2245:Laricoideae
2235:Laricoideae
2193:: 504–517.
2147:Pseudotsuga
2127:Pseudolarix
2042:: 106–116.
1932:: 504–517.
1815:Pseudotsuga
1795:Pseudolarix
1684:Pseudotsuga
1662:Abietoideae
1634:Pseudotsuga
1621:) in their
1619:Abietoideae
1578:in Western
1569:Pseudotsuga
1523:Pseudotsuga
1503:Pseudotsuga
1443:Pseudotsuga
1392:Pseudotsuga
1381:Laricoideae
1333:Abietoideae
1308:Pseudotsuga
1268:Pseudotsuga
1252:Pseudotsuga
1228:Pseudotsuga
1190:sister taxa
1184:Pseudotsuga
1175:the genera
1171:Within the
852:Pseudotsuga
783:L. dahurica
760:L. europaea
649:Description
615:Pseudolarix
608:and on the
606:macroblasts
586:Pseudotsuga
540:Pseudotsuga
470:, the high
451:Pseudotsuga
422:absent, no
349:Description
305:Pseudotsuga
281:Abietoideae
276:Pseudolarix
231:Laricoideae
212:Pseudotsuga
157:Laricoideae
153:Subfamily:
3801:Categories
3486:Microspore
3476:Sporangium
3454:Artificial
3142:Sporophyte
3137:Sporophyll
3132:Receptacle
3027:Gynandrium
2897:Androecium
2806:Vegetative
2676:Angiosperm
2671:Gymnosperm
2565:Dendrology
2438:Nothotsuga
2424:Keteleeria
2233:Subfamily
2173:2013-05-19
2164:"Pinaceae"
2135:Nothotsuga
2131:Keteleeria
1858:2018-01-05
1845:"Pinaceae"
1803:Nothotsuga
1799:Keteleeria
1769:2013-05-19
1745:2020-02-13
1722:Earle 2018
1700:References
1672:Piceoideae
1623:cladistics
1584:Cretaceous
1383:(includes
1345:literature
1341:Piceoideae
1296:Nothotsuga
1255:where the
1110:Monotypic
941:- Western
921:California
682:genus type
626:immunology
460:morphology
392:monoecious
289:ecosystems
180:Type genus
113:Division:
53:Washington
3763:Q11784565
3683:Botanists
3601:Herbarium
3498:Megaspore
3396:Evolution
3339:Subshrubs
3307:and habit
3232:Nutrition
3227:Cellulose
3222:Bulk flow
3205:Materials
3168:Epidermis
3032:Gynoecium
3013:Endosperm
3008:Dispersal
2924:Staminode
2860:Sessility
2848:Cataphyll
2768:Mesophyll
2720:Cell wall
2661:Lycophyte
2641:Bryophyte
2595:Geobotany
2580:Phycology
2305:Pinophyta
2269:BioLib.cz
1694:Subfamily
1667:Pinoideae
1647:complex.
1625:systems.
1615:Pinoideae
1607:taxonomic
1603:subfamily
1588:Paleocene
1564:taxonomic
1508:subfamily
1492:Pinoideae
1489:subfamily
1369:deciduous
1365:subfamily
1337:Pinoideae
1326:subfamily
1173:subfamily
1043:) Beissn.
966:menziesii
687:subfamily
630:subfamily
594:subfamily
555:Laricinae
551:subfamily
517:subfamily
496:pathogens
488:molecules
484:earlywood
464:heartwood
420:strobilus
367:deciduous
363:evergreen
359:subfamily
324:temperate
294:subfamily
267:deciduous
243:Pinophyta
235:subfamily
127:Pinopsida
117:Pinophyta
77:Kingdom:
3812:Pinaceae
3781:VASCAN:
3771:BioLib:
3757:Wikidata
3723:Category
3643:Forestry
3633:Agronomy
3626:Practice
3577:Cultivar
3572:Cultigen
3432:timeline
3324:Rosettes
3212:Aleurone
3188:Trichome
3105:Perianth
2917:Filament
2775:Meristem
2698:glossary
2560:Bryology
2390:Pinaceae
2344:Taxaceae
2319:Pinaceae
2308:families
2255:Pinaceae
2217:20651328
2115:Pinaceae
2064:52110440
2056:30153503
2021:10779538
1956:20651328
1907:19477895
1657:Pinaceae
1651:See also
1592:genetics
1586:and the
1558:until 7
1556:ancestor
1548:Pinaceae
1532:Pinaceae
1291:Pinaceae
1281:granules
1237:exospore
1213:Pinaceae
1203:and the
1003:Carrière
986:) Franco
857:Carrière
685:of this
679:are the
598:Pinaceae
511:Taxonomy
498:such as
476:conifers
438:and the
404:strobili
374:Pinaceae
335:conifers
331:climates
246:division
239:Pinaceae
147:Pinaceae
143:Family:
3401:Ecology
3158:Cuticle
2988:Capsule
2978:Anatomy
2929:Tapetum
2853:Petiole
2828:Rhizome
2823:Rhizoid
2750:Tissues
2740:Vacuole
2730:Plastid
2532:Outline
2527:History
2410:Cathaya
2388:of the
2208:2997556
2143:Cathaya
1947:2997556
1898:2710891
1811:Cathaya
1689:Cathaya
1640:Cathaya
1540:larches
1536:species
1480:Cathaya
1398:Cathaya
1331:of the
1318:Cathaya
1257:granule
1201:larches
1196:Cathaya
1193:) than
1148:Sichuan
1140:Guizhou
1136:Guangxi
1128:conifer
1126:. This
1096:Cathaya
1041:Shiras.
984:Beissn.
881:. Have
830:Hook.f.
677:Larches
634:species
602:needles
596:of the
580:Cathaya
570:Cathaya
553:called
504:insects
468:sapwood
456:anatomy
382:). The
357:of the
355:species
320:species
311:Cathaya
259:larches
237:of the
219:Cathaya
196:Genera
137:Pinales
133:Order:
123:Class:
81:Plantae
3705:Plants
3608:(IAPT)
3361:Lianas
3329:Shrubs
3281:Starch
3173:Nectar
3093:Raceme
3059:Stigma
3047:Locule
3037:Carpel
2998:Pyrena
2936:Flower
2912:Anther
2907:Stamen
2902:Pollen
2624:groups
2516:Botany
2417:Cedrus
2392:family
2386:Genera
2215:
2205:
2123:Cedrus
2093:
2062:
2054:
2019:
1976:
1954:
1944:
1905:
1895:
1791:Cedrus
1764:BioLib
1611:clades
1450:Leaves
1361:genera
1329:sister
1277:genera
1273:pollen
1241:xylose
1217:pollen
1209:pollen
1103:&
978:glauca
955:Oaxaca
951:Mexico
938:Franco
832:(syn.
805:Szafer
758:(syn.
711:Russia
621:Cedrus
564:Cedrus
546:Cedrus
388:phloem
384:leaves
339:timber
285:forest
233:are a
173:(1954)
171:Melch.
169:&
163:Rendle
3784:32763
3665:Lists
3582:Group
3505:Spore
3439:Flora
3356:Vines
3351:Trees
3314:Habit
3286:Sugar
3178:Stoma
3120:Sepal
3115:Petal
3110:Tepal
3098:Umbel
3083:Bract
3064:Style
3052:Ovule
3042:Ovary
2983:Berry
2973:Fruit
2966:Whorl
2833:Shoot
2631:Algae
2622:Plant
2473:Tsuga
2452:Pinus
2445:Picea
2431:Larix
2403:Abies
2155:Picea
2151:Larix
2139:Tsuga
2119:Abies
2087:Italy
2060:S2CID
1823:Picea
1819:Larix
1807:Tsuga
1787:Abies
1679:Larix
1645:pines
1628:Larix
1575:Larix
1517:Larix
1497:Larix
1485:pines
1454:cones
1438:cones
1433:Tsuga
1427:Abies
1412:Larix
1401:): 2
1386:Larix
1302:Larix
1262:Larix
1246:Larix
1222:Larix
1178:Larix
1144:Hunan
1132:China
1124:seeds
1120:Cones
1112:genus
1105:Kuang
1028:Craib
999:Roezl
976:var.
964:var.
934:Mirb.
912:Vasey
883:cones
878:Tsuga
872:Abies
867:trees
756:Mill.
747:Nutt.
739:Parl.
719:China
715:Japan
671:Mill.
666:Larix
646:Genus
643:Image
575:Larix
567:with
534:Larix
500:fungi
492:resin
445:Larix
428:seeds
424:resin
412:seeds
400:cones
396:plant
370:trees
299:Larix
263:group
254:Larix
250:genus
205:Larix
188:Larix
167:Pilg.
101:Clade
88:Clade
47:) in
3774:2346
3587:Grex
3469:Self
3003:Seed
2865:Stem
2843:Leaf
2818:Root
2813:Bulb
2797:Wood
2758:Cork
2656:Fern
2213:PMID
2153:and
2091:ISBN
2052:PMID
2017:PMID
1974:ISBN
1952:PMID
1903:PMID
1821:and
1637:and
1617:and
1550:135
1542:and
1520:and
1500:and
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1395:and
1355:The
1311:are
1305:and
1249:and
1225:and
1181:and
1101:Chun
1054:Dode
916:Mayr
889:and
763:D.C.
717:and
707:Asia
543:and
529:taxa
523:and
515:The
502:and
482:and
480:late
458:and
448:and
440:wood
436:bark
432:root
416:seed
408:umbo
353:The
341:and
328:cold
308:and
241:, a
229:The
57:U.S.
3276:Sap
2993:Nut
2838:Bud
2267:in
2253:in
2203:PMC
2195:doi
2044:doi
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