2401:
2345:
47:
2450:. Tan, together with an English merchant in Singapore drafted a letter to Governor Sir Andrew Clarke which Abdullah signed. The letter expressed Abdullah's desire to place Perak under British protection, and "to have a man of sufficient abilities to show (him) a good system of government". On 26 September 1872, Chung Keng Quee had already presented a petition, signed by himself and 44 other Chinese leaders, seeking British interference following the attack of 12,000 men of Chung Shan by 2,000 men of Sen Ning (
2218:. Upon discovery, the couple was caught, tortured, put into a pig basket and thrown into a disused mining pond where they drowned. Avenging the death of their leader, the Ghee Hin had 4,000 mercenaries imported from mainland China via Penang attacked the Hai San and for the first time, the Hai San were driven out of Larut. About 10,000 Hai San men sought refuge in Penang. Months later, the Hai San supported by Ngah Ibrahim recovered their Matang and Larut mines. At this time,
2205:
2330:
2073:
2417:
2390:
2363:
2313:
2438:. The Malay chiefs who had taken sides in the Larut Wars were now alarmed at the disorder created by the Chinese miners and secret societies. The Straits Settlement Penang Chinese seeing their investments destroyed in the Larut Wars sought intervention from the British. Over 40,000 Chinese from the Go-Kuan and Si-Kuan were engaged in the war.
2182:
The Second Larut War took place in 1865 and was sparked by a gambling quarrel in June between members of the two opposing secret societies. The Hai San members took 14 Ghee Hin as prisoners, 13 of whom were killed. The 14th escaped to inform his clan and the Ghee Hin retaliated by attacking a Hai San
2429:
The Fourth Larut War occurred in 1873. Weeks after the Hai San regained Larut, the Ghee Hin, supported by Raja
Abdullah, counter-attacked with arms and men from Singapore and China. Ngah Ibrahim's properties in Matang were destroyed. Local Malay residents were also killed and their property,
2191:
while other secret societies started to join the fray. Both sides were later exhausted and came to terms. An official inquiry took place and both the Hai San and Ghee Hin societies were fined $ 5,000 each for violating the peace of Penang and their leaders exiled.
3494:
Monthly summary of commerce and finance of the United States, United States. Dept. of the
Treasury. Bureau of Statistics, United States. Dept. of Commerce and Labor. Bureau of Statistics, United States. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, GPO, 1901,
2195:
By around 1870, there were a combined total of about 40,000 Hakka and
Cantonese mine workers in the Larut district and the mining areas between the two groups were near to each other. It is this proximity that might explain how the next battle began.
2628:
The
Malayan tin industry to 1914: with special reference to the states of Perak, Selangor, Negri, Sembilan, and Pahang by Lin Ken Wong, Published for the Association for Asian Studies by the University of Arizona Press, 1965,
3528:
The
Malayan tin industry to 1914: with special reference to the states of Perak, Selangor, Negri, Sembilan, and Pahang, Volume 14 of Monographs of the Association for Asian Studies, Lin Ken Wong, University of Arizona Press,
2742:
The impact of
Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a historical study, Wilfred Blythe, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Oxford U.P., 1969,
2441:
The Perak
Sultanate, involved in a protracted succession struggle, was unable to maintain order. Things were increasingly getting out of hand and chaos was proving bad for the Malays, Chinese and British. In her book
3386:
Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopaedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 2Southeast Asia: A Historical
Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Edited by Keat Gin Ooi, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2004,
3490:
In quest of unity: the centralisation theme in
Malaysian Federal-State relations, 1957β75, Issue 39 of Occasional paper, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Robert O. Tilman, Institute of Southeast Asian,
3174:
Triad and tabut: a survey of the origin and diffusion of
Chinese and Mohamedan secret societies in the Malay Peninsula, A.D. 1800-1935, Parts 1800-1935, Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne, Govt. Print. Off., 1941, P299
3122:
Triad and tabut: a survey of the origin and diffusion of Chinese and Mohamedan secret societies in the Malay Peninsula, A.D. 1800-1935, Parts 1800-1935, Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne, Govt. Print. Off., 1941, P276
3023:
Triad and tabut: a survey of the origin and diffusion of Chinese and Mohamedan secret societies in the Malay Peninsula, A.D. 1800-1935, Parts 1800-1935, Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne, Govt. Print. Off., 1941, P279
2893:
Triad and tabut: a survey of the origin and diffusion of Chinese and Mohamedan secret societies in the Malay Peninsula, A.D. 1800-1935, Parts 1800-1935, Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne, Govt. Print. Off., 1941,
2883:
Triad and tabut: a survey of the origin and diffusion of Chinese and Mohamedan secret societies in the Malay Peninsula, A.D. 1800-1935, Parts 1800-1935, Mervyn Llewelyn Wynne, Govt. Print. Off., 1941,
2229:) died in 1871, and an enemy of Ngah Ibrahim, took sides against the Hai San and Ngah Ibrahim and the wars between the Chinese miners transformed into civil war involving the Malay chiefs of Perak.
3356:
The impact of Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a historical study by Wilfred Blythe, Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Oxford U.P., 1969, PP121, 123, 180
2457:
The need to restore law and order in Perak gave cause for a new British policy concerning intervention in the affairs of the Malay States which resulted in the Pangkor Treaty. In 1874, the
3140:
The impact of Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a historical study, Wilfred Blythe, Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Oxford U.P., 1969, P177
2214:
The Third Larut War was rumoured to have erupted in 1871 over a scandal β an extra-marital relationship involving the Ghee Hin leader and the wife of a nephew of the Hai San leader,
1722:
3183:
Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a survey of the Triad Society from 1800 to 1900, Leon Comber, Published for the Association for Asian Studies by J.J. Augustin, 1959, P200
2840:
Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a survey of the Triad Society from 1800 to 1900, Leon Comber, Published for the Association for Asian Studies by J.J. Augustin, 1959, P158
1772:
3270:
The Mandarin-Capitalists from Nanyang: Overseas Chinese Enterprise in the Modernisation of China 1893-1911 By Michael R. Godle, Cambridge University Press, 25 July 2002,
3555:
2461:
governor Sir Andrew Clarke convened a meeting on Pulau Pangkor, at which Sultan Abdullah was installed on the throne of Perak in preference to his rival, Sultan Ismail.
1592:
1091:
2405:
1256:
1349:
2446:(published in 1892) Victorian traveller and adventuress Isabella Lucy Bird (1831β1904) describes how Raja Muda Abdullah as he turned to his friend in Singapore,
2101:
2508:(δ½δ»ε§). Liao sees the establishment of the temple as an "effort to reconcile" after the wars, and "as part of a cultural strategy to symbolically integrate all
1632:
2504:
Scholar Irene Liao has connected with this settlement the establishment in the 1880s in Taiping of the first temple in the Malay peninsula devoted to goddess
3469:
Nineteenth-century Malaya: the origins of British political control, Volume 11 of London oriental series, Charles Donald Cowan, Oxford University Press, 1967
3444:
Fifteenth Report of the United States Civil Service Commission, Congressional edition, Volume 3826, United States Congress, US G.P.O., 1899, PP529, 530, 534
1672:
1186:
3550:
2542:, which had been prohibited by the British or to restore Perakian independence, a view commonly held by modern Malaysian nationalists. In the resulting
3104:
The impact of Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a historical study, Wilfred Blythe, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Oxford U.P., 1969, P186
2874:
The impact of Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a historical study, Wilfred Blythe, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Oxford U.P., 1969, P179
1986:
1882:
2451:
1339:
2551:
902:
898:
2501:
The Commissioners decided to allocate the mines in Klian Pauh (Taiping) to the Hai Sans and the mines in Klian Bharu (Kamunting) to the Ghee Hins.
2538:(alias Dato Maharaja Lela). Lela was a prince and mufti from Upper Perak, who was either motivated to protect his economic interests by restoring
1602:
2663:
The Western Malay States, 1850-1873: the effects of commercial development on Malay politics, Kay Kim Khoo, Oxford University Press, 1972, P129
1991:
771:
1732:
1041:
1962:
1306:
1236:
3466:
Sir Frank Swettenham's Malayan journals, 1874-1876 by Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham, illustrated, reprint, Oxford University Press, 1975
2468:
at Pangkor Island to settle the Chinese dispute, clear the succession dispute and pave the way for the acceptance of British Residency β
1762:
1612:
1532:
1286:
991:
2822:
The journals of J. W. W. Birch, first British resident to Perak, 1874-1875, James Wheeler Woodford Birch, Oxford University Press, 1976
3585:
2699:
History of Malaya, 1400-1959, Joginder Singh Jessy, Jointly published by the United Publishers and Peninsular Publications, 1963, P152
2594:
History of Malaya, 1400-1959, Joginder Singh Jessy, Jointly published by the United Publishers and Peninsular Publications, 1963, P151
2394:
2322:
2219:
452:
3485:
3460:
3438:
3419:
3400:
3317:
3283:
3241:
3162:
3092:
3063:
2993:
2968:
2925:
2903:
History of Malaya, 1400-1959Joginder Singh Jessy, Jointly published by the United Publishers and Peninsular Publications, 1963, P158
2862:
2782:
2730:
2651:
2616:
2094:
1752:
1246:
793:
46:
2142:
The First Larut War began in July 1861 when arguments over control of watercourse to their mines escalated and led members of the
3605:
3600:
3595:
1802:
1782:
1482:
1031:
926:
3425:
Thai south and Malay north: ethnic interactions on the plural Peninsula, Michael John Montesano, Patrick Jory, NUS Press, 2008,
3590:
1662:
1319:
1296:
1156:
1021:
432:
3192:
Nineteenth-century Malaya: the origins of British political control, Charles Donald Cowan, Oxford University Press, 1967, P184
2498:β one of the objectives of the commission was to arrange an amicable settlement of the squabbles over the tin mines at Larut.
1922:
3477:
3452:
3430:
3411:
3392:
3309:
3275:
3258:
3233:
3228:
Imperial Connections: India in the Indian Ocean Arena, 1860-1920 By Thomas R. Metcalf, University of California Press, 2008,
3154:
3084:
3055:
2985:
2960:
2917:
2854:
2722:
2643:
2608:
2222:
a claimant to the throne of Perak (in opposition to Sultan Ismail who was installed in Abdullah's absence) after Sultan Ali (
2046:
1912:
1892:
1862:
1512:
1502:
2478:
and Chin Ah Yam, leaders of the Hai San and Ghee Hin, respectively, were ennobled by the British with the title of Chinese
3472:
In search of Southeast Asia: a modern history, David P. Chandler, David Joel Steinberg, University of Hawaii Press, 1987,
1872:
1712:
1642:
1401:
1329:
1146:
767:
577:
1902:
2804:
The Making of Modern South-East Asia: The European conquest, D. J. M. Tate, Oxford University Press, 1971, PP274&276
2087:
2011:
1996:
1952:
1812:
1742:
1492:
1412:
1001:
912:
711:
26:
1832:
2183:
village, razing it to the ground and killing 40 men in the process. The battle continued back and forth and spread to
1822:
1452:
1266:
1126:
422:
3253:
Absent history: the untold story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore, 1915-1942, Kah Choon Ban, Raffles, 2001,
3532:
The Malay States, 1877-1895: political change and social policy, Philip Fook Seng Loh, Oxford University Press, 1969
2546:(1875β1876), the British defeated the rebels, executed Lela and expelled both Raja Abdullah and Ngah Ibrahim to the
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
2761:
The dynamics of Chinese dialect groups in early Malaya, Lau-Fong Mak, Singapore Society of Asian Studies, 1995, P72
1932:
1792:
1522:
1011:
537:
3545:
527:
3113:
British Intervention in Malaya, 1867-1877Cyril Northcote Parkinson, University of Malaya Press, 1964, PP122, 255
487:
2690:
The Making of Modern South-East Asia: The European conquest, D. J. M. Tate, Oxford University Press, 1971, P276
1702:
1622:
1462:
1051:
721:
313:
3365:
Irene Liao, βζεΎζ°ηθδ½δ»ε§δΏ‘δ»°ε¨θ±ε±¬ι¦¬δΎδΊηιε±β (The Larut Wars and the Beginning of the He Xiangu Cult in British Malaya),
2486:("ε€ͺεΉ³" in Chinese, meaning "everlasting peace") as a confirmation of the new state of truce. Three days later,
2209:
Ngah Ibrahim with his son Wan Mohd Isa (left), Mat Nasir (right), and Indian police (Sepoy) in Matang, Perak.
3512:
3505:
3005:
Pasir Salak: pusat gerakan menentang British di Perak, Abdullah Zakaria Ghazali, Yayasan Perak, 1997, PP8,24
2585:, Sir William Edward Maxwell, republished by Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1974, PPiv&v
2582:
2550:
on the accusation that they had been involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Birch. The British appointed
2123:
2036:
2006:
2001:
1942:
1852:
1432:
1191:
1166:
916:
2356:
2289:
2143:
2119:
1582:
1552:
853:
701:
627:
587:
3338:
The evolution of the urban system in Malaya, Heng Kow Lim. Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 1978, PP51&54
3076:
1842:
1652:
1359:
1071:
813:
2495:
1472:
1397:
1276:
1176:
946:
691:
399:
58:
3041:
A short history of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, Constance Mary Turnbull, Graham Brash, 1981, P134
97:
3304:
Rough guide to Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei By Charles de Ledesma, Mark Lewis, Pauline Savage,
3219:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 27, MBRAS, 1 January 1954, P12
2458:
2349:
2159:
823:
517:
35:
2151:
2752:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 36, Part 2, MBRAS, 1968, P44
2513:
2184:
2058:
741:
661:
477:
409:
255:
121:
2581:
Notes on the Larut Disturbances by Khoo Kay Kim, A history of Perak, Sir Richard Olof Winstedt,
3050:
The Golden Chersonese and the Way Thither, By Isabella Bird, Cambridge University Press, 2010,
3481:
3473:
3456:
3448:
3434:
3426:
3415:
3407:
3396:
3388:
3313:
3305:
3279:
3271:
3254:
3237:
3229:
3158:
3150:
3088:
3080:
3059:
3051:
2989:
2981:
2964:
2956:
2921:
2913:
2858:
2850:
2778:
2772:
2726:
2718:
2647:
2639:
2612:
2604:
2531:
2490:
was appointed a member of the Pacification Commission headed by Captain S. Dunlop and Messrs.
2204:
2131:
2041:
1542:
1081:
956:
346:
336:
235:
2955:
A History of Malaysia By Barbara Watson Andaya, Leonard Y. Andaya, Palgrave Macmillan, 1984,
2980:
A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore, Soo Hai Ding Eing Tan, Oxford University Press, 1978,
2912:
A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore, Soo Hai Ding Eing Tan, Oxford University Press, 1978,
2717:
A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore, Soo Hai Ding Eing Tan, Oxford University Press, 1978,
2638:
A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore, Soo Hai Ding Eing Tan, Oxford University Press, 1978,
2603:
A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore, Soo Hai Ding Eing Tan, Oxford University Press, 1978,
2491:
2053:
2031:
1572:
1422:
1226:
873:
783:
731:
597:
442:
356:
245:
192:
2849:
A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore, Soo Hai Ding Eing Tan, Oxford University Press, 1978
3381:
3347:
A gallery of Chinese kapitans by Choon San Wong, Ministry of Culture, Singapore. 1963, P78
2535:
2487:
2475:
2410:
2367:
2317:
2306:
2276:
2272:
2215:
2163:
2077:
1562:
1442:
1216:
1116:
681:
386:
376:
323:
300:
3131:
A gallery of Chinese kapitans. Choon San Wong, Ministry of Culture, Singapore, 1963, P102
3014:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 64, MBRAS, 1991, P13
2946:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 64, MBRAS, 1991, P11
2708:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 64, MBRAS, 1991, P10
3295:
A gallery of Chinese kapitans, Choon San Wong, Ministry of Culture, Singapore, 1963, P77
2813:
A gallery of Chinese kapitans, Choon San Wong, Ministry of Culture, Singapore, 1963, P72
2483:
2469:
2335:
803:
651:
647:
567:
507:
366:
2174:, was made to compensate the Ghee Hin with $ 17,447 on behalf of the Sultan of Perak.
3539:
2447:
2118:
were a series of four wars that began in July 1861 and ended with the signing of the
1682:
1387:
936:
547:
497:
222:
3498:
The protected Malay States, 1874-1895, Emily Sadka, University of Malaya Press, 1968
3501:
Papers on Malayan history, K. G. Tregonning, Journal South-East Asian History, 1962
2479:
2421:
2372:
2171:
2130:
which later involved a rivalry between Raja Abdullah and Ngah Ibrahim, making it a
1136:
1061:
966:
863:
671:
3032:
The development of British Malaya 1896-1909, Hon-chan Chai, Oxford U.P., 1968, P5
2554:
as regent of Perak in 1877 and appointed him as the new Sultan of Perak in 1886.
68:
3511:
A history of Perak, Issue 3 of M.B.R.A.S. reprints, Sir Richard Olof Winstedt,
3522:
3210:
Footprints in Malaya by Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham, Hutchinson, 1942, P30
2547:
1692:
833:
557:
212:
167:
108:
2681:
A short history of Malaya, Gerald Percy Dartford, Longmans, Green, 1963, P128
3518:
Pickering: protector of Chinese, Robert Nicholas Jackson, Oxford U. P., 1966
2563:
2543:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2155:
637:
617:
275:
265:
132:
3329:
Taiping, ibukota Perak by Kay Kim Khoo, Persatuan Muzium Malaysia, 1981, P8
3149:
Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei By Simon Richmond, Lonely Planet, 2010,
2147:
81:
2937:
The first 150 years of Singapore, Donald Moore, Joanna Moore, 1969, P361
2774:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
2472:
was appointed to administer Larut as assistant to the British Resident.
2539:
2435:
2431:
2831:
The Chinese in Malaya, Victor Purcell, Oxford Univ. Press, 1948, P107
2188:
1206:
843:
202:
3525:
industry of Malaya, Yat Hoong Yip, University of Malaya Press, 1969
2203:
2167:
2127:
3075:
Life of Lieutenant General the Honorable Sir Andrew Clarke, By
2512:
immigrants into one community". Many Chinese miners came from
3406:
Ipoh: when tin was king By Ho Tak Ming, Perak Academy, 2009,
45:
3367:
Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History Academia Sinica
3201:
Swettenham by Henry Sackville Barlow, Southdene, 1995, P119
2242:
2672:
A history of Malaya, Joseph Kennedy, Macmillan, 1970, P138
2777:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 775.
3447:The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 9, 2003,
2464:Documents were signed on 20 January 1874 aboard
2239:
2530:The newly appointed British Resident Minister
2233:Fourth war and the Pangkor Treaty (1873β1874)
2095:
8:
2516:, the main center of the cult of He Xiangu.
2534:was assassinated in 1875 on the orders of
2236:
2102:
2088:
20:
3515:, Sir William Edward Maxwell, MBRAS, 1974
2444:The Golden Chersonese and The Way Thither
3556:Wars involving pre-independence Malaysia
2122:. The conflicts were fought among local
2574:
1673:1998β1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak
34:
23:
7:
2430:destroyed. Trouble spread to Krian,
2126:over the control of mining areas in
1963:2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack
1763:2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia
2482:and the town of Larut was renamed
1603:Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire
1523:Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident
14:
3551:Larut, Matang and Selama District
1773:Attacks against places of worship
2415:
2399:
2388:
2361:
2343:
2328:
2311:
2071:
1733:2006β2007 Southeast Asian floods
3508:, Oxford University Press, 1971
2552:Yusuf Sharifuddin Muzaffar Shah
2224:
1593:Penang terminal bridge collapse
578:Separation of Perlis from Kedah
3079:, Kessinger Publishing, 2005,
1503:Campbell Shopping Complex fire
1:
2287:Raja AbdullahβBritish victory
2166:intervened and the Mentri of
1713:2002 Taman Hillview landslide
768:Japanese occupation of Malaya
227:
86:
16:Series of wars from 1861β1874
2146:to drive the members of the
1953:2024 Lumut helicopters crash
1873:Kim Jong-nam's Assassination
1753:Bukit Antarabangsa landslide
1032:North Borneo self-governance
1803:Genting Highlands bus crash
1783:Cameron Highlands bus crash
1483:AIA building hostage crisis
1453:Ligitan and Sipadan dispute
1402:Philippine militant attacks
1207:Federal Territory of Labuan
1137:Declaration of Rukun Negara
1127:National Operations Council
1092:Second communist insurgency
3622:
3504:Papers on Malay subjects,
2523:
1933:2022 Batang Kali landslide
1247:Peace Agreement of Hat Yai
3586:Organized crime conflicts
2379:
2299:
2255:
2250:
1863:Movida Bar grenade attack
1613:Bright Sparklers disaster
1513:Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash
1493:National Monument bombing
1463:Kuala Lumpur flash floods
1257:Royal Immunity Amendments
1002:Singapore self-governance
913:Crown Colony of N. Borneo
528:Siamese invasion of Kedah
2124:Chinese secret societies
1883:Darul Quran madrasa fire
1703:2001 Kampung Medan riots
1623:Highland Towers collapse
1320:Pakatan Harapan takeover
722:Unfederated Malay States
314:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
3606:Triad (organized crime)
3601:1870s in British Malaya
3596:1860s in British Malaya
3521:The development of the
3513:Richard James Wilkinson
3506:Richard James Wilkinson
3369:100 (2018), 47β84 (47).
2583:Richard James Wilkinson
2158:). The Governor of the
1943:2023 Elmina plane crash
1923:2021-22 Malaysia floods
1903:2020-21 Malaysia floods
1893:2018 Subang Temple riot
1853:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
1833:2014β15 Malaysia floods
1743:Bukit Gantang bus crash
1187:South China Sea dispute
1167:1977 Kelantan Emergency
1157:Federal Territory of KL
1052:Sarawak self-governance
126:65,000–40,000 BCE
3591:Civil wars in Malaysia
2771:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004).
2380:Commanders and leaders
2290:Pangkor Treaty of 1874
2251:Part of the Larut Wars
2243:
2211:
2144:Hai San Secret Society
2120:Pangkor Treaty of 1874
1553:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
1423:Brunei's Limbang claim
1267:Asian financial crisis
854:Sandakan Death Marches
702:Federated Malay States
588:Crown Colony of Labuan
50:
3077:Robert Hamilton Vetch
2207:
2200:Third war (1871β1872)
2138:First war (1861β1862)
1793:Hulu Langat landslide
1473:Malaysian haze crisis
1237:Constitutional crisis
1072:Singapore in Malaysia
1062:Formation of Malaysia
927:Anti-cession movement
814:Parit Sulong Massacre
293:Rise of Muslim states
217:100 BCE–1474 CE
49:
3261:, 9789814071024, P41
2496:William A. Pickering
2244:Perang Larut Keempat
1723:Indian Ocean tsunami
1413:Singapore race riots
1398:North Borneo dispute
1177:Pedra Branca dispute
992:Malayan Independence
947:Federation of Malaya
712:Anglo-Siamese Treaty
692:Mat Salleh Rebellion
488:DutchβPortuguese War
207:100 BCE–642 CE
159:11,000–200 BCE
2459:Straits Settlements
2350:Straits Settlements
2160:Straits Settlements
2078:Malaysia portal
1913:LRT train collision
1683:Al-Ma'unah incident
1663:Tropical Storm Greg
1147:New Economic Policy
984:Independence period
824:Battle of Singapore
518:Straits Settlements
453:Kubang Pasu Kingdom
172:500 – 200 BCE
2514:Zengcheng District
2212:
2187:and the island of
2185:Province Wellesley
1653:Pos Dipang mudflow
1433:Penang Hartal riot
1277:Reformasi Movement
1022:Sarawak Insurgency
742:Kelantan rebellion
662:Jementah Civil War
568:Kingdom of Sarawak
538:Anglo-Dutch Treaty
478:Portuguese Malacca
410:Selangor Sultanate
59:Prehistoric period
51:
3581:Conflicts in 1872
3576:Conflicts in 1871
3571:Conflicts in 1865
3566:Conflicts in 1862
3561:Conflicts in 1861
2532:James W. W. Birch
2427:
2426:
2295:
2294:
2178:Second war (1865)
2132:war of succession
2112:
2111:
1971:
1970:
1633:Genting landslide
1583:Ming Court Affair
1371:
1370:
1350:Bornean Amendment
1330:COVID-19 pandemic
1287:H1N1 flu pandemic
1195:
1100:
1099:
1082:ASEAN Declaration
975:
974:
957:Malayan Emergency
882:
881:
750:
749:
461:
460:
400:Sarawak Sultanate
377:Pattani Sultanate
337:Malacca Sultanate
284:
283:
230:100 CE–1025
176:
175:
3613:
3546:History of Perak
3370:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3287:
3268:
3262:
3251:
3245:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3096:
3073:
3067:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2997:
2978:
2972:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2655:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2579:
2492:Frank Swettenham
2420:
2419:
2418:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2307:Ghee Hin society
2257:
2256:
2246:
2240:Fourth Larut War
2237:
2228:
2227: 1865β1871
2226:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2076:
2075:
2074:
1843:Sabah earthquake
1384:
1383:
1367:
1340:Political crisis
1314:
1297:Sedition Dragnet
1227:Operation Lalang
1201:
1189:
1113:
1112:
988:
987:
895:
894:
891:Formative period
874:Jesselton revolt
794:Bornean Campaign
784:Malayan campaign
763:
762:
732:Battle of Penang
598:Pahang Civil War
474:
473:
417:
394:
357:Pahang Sultanate
331:
324:Brunei Sultanate
308:
297:
296:
229:
189:
188:
166:
155:
144:
120:
96:
88:
80:
64:
63:
39:
21:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3536:
3535:
3495:PP1249&1250
3382:Chung Keng Quee
3378:
3376:Further reading
3373:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3269:
3265:
3252:
3248:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3074:
3070:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2979:
2975:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2737:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2623:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2560:
2536:Lela Pandak Lam
2528:
2522:
2488:Chung Keng Quee
2476:Chung Keng Quee
2416:
2414:
2413:
2411:Chung Keng Quee
2400:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2371:
2368:Perak Sultanate
2362:
2360:
2359:
2357:Hai San society
2344:
2342:
2338:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2318:Perak Sultanate
2312:
2310:
2309:
2288:
2279:
2277:Malay Peninsula
2273:Perak Sultanate
2241:
2235:
2223:
2216:Chung Keng Quee
2202:
2180:
2164:Orfeur Cavenagh
2150:society out of
2140:
2108:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2016:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1643:MH2133 incident
1573:Sabah Emergency
1563:Memali Incident
1443:13 May Incident
1381:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1312:
1217:Memali incident
1199:
1117:13 May incident
1110:
1102:
1101:
985:
977:
976:
892:
884:
883:
777:
774:
760:
752:
751:
682:Pahang Uprising
471:
470:Colonial period
463:
462:
415:
392:
387:Johor Sultanate
329:
306:
301:Kedah Sultanate
294:
286:
285:
270:700s–1025
186:
178:
177:
168:Neolithic Klang
164:
156:Perak man/woman
153:
145:Bewah man/woman
142:
118:
94:
82:Lenggong Valley
78:
61:
37:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3619:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3445:
3442:
3423:
3404:
3384:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3297:
3288:
3263:
3246:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3185:
3176:
3167:
3142:
3133:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3068:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2973:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2905:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2867:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2783:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2735:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2631:
2621:
2619:, PP78&123
2596:
2587:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2556:
2524:Main article:
2521:
2518:
2470:Captain Speedy
2425:
2424:
2408:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2336:British Empire
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2234:
2231:
2201:
2198:
2179:
2176:
2139:
2136:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Constitutional
1989:
1987:Communications
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1813:MH370 incident
1809:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1749:
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1745:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1533:MH653 incident
1529:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
986:
983:
982:
979:
978:
973:
972:
969:
963:
962:
959:
953:
952:
949:
943:
942:
939:
933:
932:
929:
923:
922:
919:
909:
908:
905:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
880:
879:
876:
870:
869:
866:
860:
859:
856:
850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
830:
829:
826:
820:
819:
816:
810:
809:
806:
804:Battle of Muar
800:
799:
796:
790:
789:
786:
780:
779:
775:
766:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
748:
747:
744:
738:
737:
734:
728:
727:
724:
718:
717:
714:
708:
707:
704:
698:
697:
694:
688:
687:
684:
678:
677:
674:
668:
667:
664:
658:
657:
654:
648:British Malaya
644:
643:
640:
634:
633:
630:
628:Pangkor Treaty
624:
623:
620:
614:
613:
610:
604:
603:
600:
594:
593:
590:
584:
583:
580:
574:
573:
570:
564:
563:
560:
554:
553:
550:
544:
543:
540:
534:
533:
530:
524:
523:
520:
514:
513:
510:
508:Pahang Kingdom
504:
503:
500:
494:
493:
490:
484:
483:
480:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
459:
458:
455:
449:
448:
445:
439:
438:
435:
429:
428:
425:
419:
418:
412:
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
367:Aceh Sultanate
363:
362:
359:
353:
352:
349:
347:Sulu Sultanate
343:
342:
339:
333:
332:
326:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
303:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
282:
281:
278:
272:
271:
268:
262:
261:
258:
252:
251:
250:170–1135
248:
242:
241:
238:
232:
231:
225:
219:
218:
215:
209:
208:
205:
199:
198:
195:
187:
185:Early kingdoms
184:
183:
180:
179:
174:
173:
170:
161:
160:
157:
150:
149:
146:
139:
138:
136:
128:
127:
124:
115:
114:
112:
104:
103:
100:
98:Mansuli Valley
91:
90:
89:2,000,0000 BCE
84:
75:
74:
72:
62:
57:
56:
53:
52:
42:
41:
32:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3618:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
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3577:
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3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
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3541:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:9780824811105
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3461:9780852299616
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3439:9789971694111
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3420:9789834250027
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3401:9781576077702
3398:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3383:
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3368:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3318:9781843530947
3315:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3284:9780521526951
3281:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3242:9780520258051
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3163:9781741048872
3160:
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3125:
3119:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3093:9781417951307
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
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3064:9781108014731
3061:
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3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:9780195807226
2991:
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2969:9780312381219
2966:
2962:
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2926:9780195807226
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2863:9780195807226
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2784:9781576077702
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2731:9780195807226
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2652:9780195807226
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2617:9780195807226
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2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:Tan Kim Ching
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Andrew Clarke
2396:
2395:Raja Abdullah
2384:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2369:
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2355:
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2341:
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2324:
2323:Raja Abdullah
2319:
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2298:
2291:
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2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
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2259:
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2249:
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2238:
2232:
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2221:
2220:Raja Abdullah
2217:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
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2013:
2010:
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1998:
1995:
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1990:
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1985:
1984:
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1976:
1966:
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1850:
1846:
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1836:
1834:
1831:
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1826:
1824:
1823:MH17 incident
1821:
1820:
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1471:
1470:
1466:
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1456:
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1426:
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1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:Brunei revolt
1386:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
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1333:
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1328:
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1323:
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1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1109:Modern period
1106:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1070:
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1019:
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1009:
1005:
1003:
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981:
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968:
965:
964:
960:
958:
955:
954:
950:
948:
945:
944:
940:
938:
937:Malayan Union
935:
934:
930:
928:
925:
924:
920:
918:
914:
911:
910:
906:
904:
900:
899:BMA of Malaya
897:
896:
888:
887:
877:
875:
872:
871:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
855:
852:
851:
847:
845:
842:
841:
837:
835:
832:
831:
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:
815:
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811:
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801:
797:
795:
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785:
782:
781:
776:
773:
769:
765:
764:
756:
755:
745:
743:
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739:
735:
733:
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729:
725:
723:
720:
719:
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713:
710:
709:
705:
703:
700:
699:
695:
693:
690:
689:
685:
683:
680:
679:
675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
663:
660:
659:
655:
653:
649:
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645:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:
616:
615:
611:
609:
606:
605:
601:
599:
596:
595:
591:
589:
586:
585:
581:
579:
576:
575:
571:
569:
566:
565:
561:
559:
556:
555:
551:
549:
548:Burney Treaty
546:
545:
541:
539:
536:
535:
531:
529:
526:
525:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
509:
506:
505:
501:
499:
498:Dutch Malacca
496:
495:
491:
489:
486:
485:
481:
479:
476:
475:
467:
466:
456:
454:
451:
450:
446:
444:
443:Reman Kingdom
441:
440:
436:
434:
433:Setul Kingdom
431:
430:
426:
424:
423:Besut Kingdom
421:
420:
413:
411:
408:
407:
403:
401:
398:
397:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
378:
375:
374:
370:
368:
365:
364:
360:
358:
355:
354:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
338:
335:
334:
327:
325:
322:
321:
317:
315:
312:
311:
304:
302:
299:
298:
290:
289:
279:
277:
274:
273:
269:
267:
264:
263:
259:
257:
254:
253:
249:
247:
244:
243:
240:424–775
239:
237:
234:
233:
226:
224:
223:Gangga Negara
221:
220:
216:
214:
211:
210:
206:
204:
201:
200:
196:
194:
193:Ancient Kedah
191:
190:
182:
181:
171:
169:
163:
162:
158:
152:
151:
147:
141:
140:
137:
135:
134:
130:
129:
125:
123:
122:Niah cultures
117:
116:
113:
111:
110:
106:
105:
101:
99:
93:
92:
85:
83:
77:
76:
73:
71:
70:
66:
65:
60:
55:
54:
48:
44:
43:
40:
33:
28:
22:
19:
3422:, PP9&67
3366:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3325:
3300:
3291:
3266:
3249:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3071:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2976:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2908:
2899:
2889:
2879:
2870:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2773:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2738:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2634:
2624:
2599:
2590:
2577:
2529:
2503:
2500:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2452:The Petition
2443:
2440:
2428:
2422:Ngah Ibrahim
2373:Ngah Ibrahim
2305:
2300:Belligerents
2213:
2208:
2194:
2181:
2172:Ngah Ibrahim
2152:Klian Baharu
2141:
2115:
2113:
2037:Kuala Lumpur
1477:1972βpresent
1407:1962βpresent
1307:1MDB scandal
967:Baling Talks
864:Si Rat Malai
770: /
759:World War II
672:North Borneo
607:
131:
107:
67:
18:
3463:, PP113,278
2385:Chin Ah Yam
2263:1873 β 1874
2047:George Town
2002:Immigration
1042:Konfrontasi
197:<100 BCE
102:235,000 BCE
69:Paleolithic
36:History of
3540:Categories
3523:tin mining
3478:0824811100
3453:0852299613
3431:9971694115
3412:9834250029
3393:1576077705
3310:1843530945
3276:0521526957
3259:9814071021
3234:0520258053
3155:1741048877
3085:1417951303
3056:1108014739
2986:0195807227
2971:, P150-151
2961:0312381212
2918:0195807227
2855:0195807227
2723:0195807227
2644:0195807227
2609:0195807227
2570:References
2548:Seychelles
2116:Larut Wars
1693:Sauk Siege
1360:Green Wave
834:Sook Ching
608:Larut Wars
558:Naning War
381:1516β 1902
256:Old Pahang
213:Langkasuka
148:16,000 BCE
109:Mesolithic
2884:PP267,270
2790:19 August
2564:Klang War
2544:Perak War
2526:Perak War
2520:Aftermath
2510:Guangdong
2506:He Xiangu
2466:The Pluto
2156:Kamunting
2025:By region
1927:2021β2022
1837:2014β2015
1737:2006β2007
1677:1998β1999
1543:Dawn Raid
1457:1969β2002
1427:1967β2009
1392:1962β1966
1380:Incidents
1354:2021β2023
1344:2020β2022
1334:2020β2022
1291:2009β2010
1281:1998β2022
1271:1997β1998
1241:1987β1988
1181:1979β2008
1151:1971β1990
1131:1969β1971
1096:1968β1989
1076:1963β1965
1046:1963β1966
1026:1962β1990
1016:1960β2012
961:1948β1960
951:1948β1963
941:1946β1948
931:1946β1963
921:1946β1963
907:1945β1946
878:1943β1944
868:1943β1945
858:1942β1945
798:1941β1942
788:1941β1942
778:1941β1945
726:1909β1946
706:1895β1946
696:1894β1905
686:1891β1895
676:1882β1946
656:1874β1946
642:1875β1876
638:Perak War
622:1867β1874
618:Klang War
612:1861β1874
602:1857β1863
592:1848β1946
572:1841β1946
562:1831β1832
532:1821β1826
522:1786β1946
512:1770β1881
502:1641β1824
492:1601β1661
482:1511β1641
457:1839β1864
447:1810β1902
437:1808β1916
427:1780β1899
404:1599β1641
371:1496β1903
361:1470β1623
351:1450β1899
341:1402β1511
318:1267β1521
276:Majapahit
266:Srivijaya
246:Old Kedah
133:Neolithic
3095:, p. 149
2894:P270,275
2558:See also
2268:Location
2148:Ghee Hin
2012:Military
1997:Economic
1980:By topic
1012:ISA 1960
260:449β1454
38:Malaysia
27:a series
25:Part of
2540:slavery
2484:Taiping
2480:Kapitan
2436:Dinding
2432:Pangkor
2059:Sarawak
1366:present
1313:present
1200:present
1192:Spratly
917:Sarawak
416:present
393:present
330:present
307:present
236:Pan Pan
3484:
3476:
3459:
3451:
3441:, P208
3437:
3429:
3418:
3410:
3403:, P775
3399:
3391:
3320:, P181
3316:
3308:
3282:
3274:
3257:
3240:
3232:
3165:, P144
3161:
3153:
3091:
3083:
3066:, P269
3062:
3054:
2992:
2984:
2967:
2959:
2924:
2916:
2861:
2853:
2781:
2729:
2721:
2654:, PP79
2650:
2642:
2615:
2607:
2375:forces
2333:
2325:forces
2284:Result
2189:Penang
2042:Penang
903:Borneo
844:Syburi
772:Borneo
652:Borneo
203:Chi Tu
165:
154:
143:
119:
95:
79:
29:on the
3286:, P28
3244:, P39
2996:, P80
2865:, P80
2733:, P79
2168:Larut
2154:(now
2128:Perak
2054:Sabah
2032:Kedah
2007:Legal
1364:2022β
1311:2015β
1198:1980β
414:1766β
391:1528β
328:1368β
305:1136β
280:1300s
3529:1965
3491:1976
3482:ISBN
3474:ISBN
3457:ISBN
3449:ISBN
3435:ISBN
3427:ISBN
3416:ISBN
3408:ISBN
3397:ISBN
3389:ISBN
3314:ISBN
3306:ISBN
3280:ISBN
3272:ISBN
3255:ISBN
3238:ISBN
3230:ISBN
3159:ISBN
3151:ISBN
3089:ISBN
3081:ISBN
3060:ISBN
3052:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2982:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2957:ISBN
2922:ISBN
2914:ISBN
2859:ISBN
2851:ISBN
2792:2019
2779:ISBN
2743:P115
2727:ISBN
2719:ISBN
2648:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2613:ISBN
2605:ISBN
2494:and
2434:and
2260:Date
2114:The
1967:2024
1957:2024
1947:2023
1937:2022
1917:2021
1907:2021
1897:2018
1887:2017
1877:2017
1867:2016
1857:2015
1847:2015
1827:2014
1817:2014
1807:2013
1797:2011
1787:2010
1777:2010
1767:2009
1757:2008
1747:2007
1727:2004
1717:2002
1707:2001
1697:2000
1687:2000
1667:1996
1657:1996
1647:1995
1637:1995
1627:1993
1617:1991
1607:1989
1597:1988
1587:1987
1577:1986
1567:1985
1557:1985
1547:1981
1537:1977
1527:1977
1517:1976
1507:1976
1497:1975
1487:1975
1467:1971
1447:1969
1437:1967
1417:1964
1324:2018
1301:2014
1261:1993
1251:1989
1231:1987
1221:1985
1211:1984
1171:1977
1161:1974
1141:1970
1121:1969
1086:1967
1066:1963
1056:1963
1036:1963
1006:1959
996:1957
971:1955
848:1942
838:1942
828:1942
818:1942
808:1942
746:1915
736:1914
716:1909
666:1879
632:1874
582:1843
552:1826
542:1824
2928:, P
2629:P27
2454:).
3542::
3480:,
3455:,
3433:,
3414:,
3395:,
3312:,
3278:,
3236:,
3157:,
3087:,
3058:,
2988:,
2963:,
2920:,
2857:,
2725:,
2646:,
2611:,
2275:,
2225:r.
2170:,
2162:,
2134:.
650:/
228:c.
87:c.
2794:.
2370:β
2320:β
2103:e
2096:t
2089:v
1404:)
1400:(
1194:)
1190:(
915:/
901:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
