86:" defined as "...complex and dynamic communities of plants, animals, micro-organisms and other beings in their environment, in which human communities and the rest of nature interact as a functional unit, under the influence of climatic, physiographic and geologic factors, as well as the productive practices and cultural diversity of Bolivians of both genders, and the world views of Indigenous nations and peoples, intercultural communities and the Afro-Bolivians. This definition can be seen as a more inclusive definition of
1038:
1291:
1303:
97:", to ensure the exercise and protection of her rights. By giving Mother Earth a legal personality, it can, through its representatives (humans), bring an action to defend its rights. Additionally, to say that Mother Earth is of public interest represents a major shift from an anthropocentric perspective to a more Earth community based perspective.
227:, other than Ecuador's 2008 constitutional provision, to recognize the rights of a natural entity. It may also allow for citizens to sue individuals and groups as part of "Mother Earth" in response to real and alleged infringements of its integrity. Thus far, however, the impact of this law appears to be limited.
78:
The law defines Mother Earth as "...the dynamic living system formed by the indivisible community of all life systems and living beings whom are interrelated, interdependent, and complementary, which share a common destiny; adding that "Mother Earth is considered sacred in the worldview of
Indigenous
202:
and
October 2010, when they finished the final version in a joined effort with a commission of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly, the Bolivian Vice-Ministry of Environment, and a legal team of constitutional development from the Vice President's Office. Later, a ten-article short version was
214:
The
Framework Law was expected to be considered by the Assembly in 2011, but was not. In February 2012, Senator Eugenio Rojas, who heads the governing party's delegation, describes the law as among six priorities for early passage in 2012. It was passed in October 2012.
155:: It is the right to maintenance or restoration of the inter-relation, interdependence, ability to complement and functionality of the components of Mother Earth, in a balanced manner for the continuation of its cycles and the renewal of its vital processes
50:
as "a collective subject of public interest," and declares both Mother Earth and life-systems (which combine human communities and ecosystems) as titleholders of inherent rights specified in the law. The short law proclaims the creation of the
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241:
63:
137:: It is the right of the preservation of the quality and composition of water to sustain life systems and their protection with regards to contamination, for renewal of the life of Mother Earth and all its components
146:: It is the right of the preservation of the quality and composition of air to sustain life systems and their protection with regards to contamination, for renewal of the life of Mother Earth and all its components
38:
of the
Plurinational State), that was passed by Bolivia's Plurinational Legislative Assembly in December 2010. This 10 article law is derived from the first part of a longer draft bill, drafted and released by the
203:
agreed upon with then
Senator Freddy Bersatti and Deputy Galo Silvestre, to be passed by the Legislative Assembly in December 2010. The short version was rushed so as to be presented by president
115:: It is the right to the maintenance of the integrity of life systems and natural processes which sustain them, as well as the capacities and conditions for their renewal
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The law enumerates seven specific rights to which Mother Earth and her constituent life systems, including human communities, are entitled:
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128:, nor artificially modified in their structure, in such a manner that threatens their existence, functioning and future potential
124:: It is the right to the preservation of the differentiation and variety of the beings that comprise Mother Earth, without being
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164:: It is the right to the effective and opportune restoration of life systems affected by direct or indirect human activities
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In this approach human beings and their communities are considered a part of mother earth, by being integrated in "
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because it explicitly includes the social, cultural and economic dimensions of human communities.
83:
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612:"Living in Harmony with Nature? A Critical Appraisal of the Rights of Mother Earth in Bolivia"
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584:
525:"La Ley Marco de Consulta Previa fue incluida en el grupo de las 6 leyes urgentes para el MAS"
252:
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178:
173:: It is the right for preservation of Mother Earth and any of its components with regards to
93:
The law also establishes the juridical character of Mother Earth as a "collective subject of
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623:
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23:
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Anteproyecto de Ley de la Madre Tierra por las
Organizaciones Sociales del Pacto de Unidad
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453:"Bolivia: Pacto de unidad exige al gobierno la aprobaciĂłn de la Ley de la Madre Tierra"
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322:"Bolivia enshrines natural world's rights with equal status for Mother Earth"
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554:
257:
596:
553:
López-Bao, José Vicente; Epstein, Yaffa; Chapron, Guillaume (2019-03-29).
500:"Ley Madre Tierra serĂĄ una de las primeras en ser aprobadas por el Senado"
200:
World People's
Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth
198:
organizations) drafted the long version of the Law between the April 2010
1171:
675:
195:
31:
242:
Framework Law of Mother Earth and
Integral Development for Living Well
64:
Framework Law of Mother Earth and
Integral Development for Living Well
818:
812:
654:
68:
La Ley Marco de la Madre Tierra y
Desarrollo Integral para Vivir Bien
610:
Kotzé, Louis J.; Calzadilla, Paola Villavicencio (November 2018).
133:
476:"Apuran Ley de la Madre Tierra y en el agro estĂĄn desconcertados"
59:, but leaves its structuring and creation to future legislation.
111:
55:
a counterpart to the human rights ombudsman office known as the
869:
679:
62:
A heavily revised version of the longer bill was passed as the
865:
286:
Law on Mother Earth is passed, Evo will present it in Cancun.
142:
291:
Sancionan ley de la Madre Tierra; Evo la presentarĂĄ en Cancun
190:
The Pact of Unity (which gathers the major Bolivian
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223:The law is considered to be the first national
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209:2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference
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794:Geographic features with special protections
1116:World People's Conference on Climate Change
455:. Minga Informativa de Movimientos Sociales
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669:Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra
438:Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra
402:Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra
388:Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra
374:Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra
360:Ley (Corta) de Derechos de Madre Tierra
279:
417:"And about time for rights to nature?"
20:The Law of the Rights of Mother Earth
7:
1302:
474:Ugarte A., Henrry (December 2010).
415:Filgueira, Begonia (2 June 2011).
28:Ley de Derechos de la Madre Tierra
14:
1106:Law of the Rights of Mother Earth
1301:
1290:
1289:
1036:
555:"A rights revolution for nature"
186:Drafting and legislative process
70:; Law 300) on October 15, 2012.
616:Transnational Environmental Law
1006:Raid on the Hotel Las Américas
1:
1111:Framework Law of Mother Earth
1077:Socialism of the 21st century
965:vote of confidence referendum
181:generated by human activities
53:DefensorĂa de la Madre Tierra
1334:Environmental law in Bolivia
1261:(new presidential residence)
729:Florida Right To Clean Water
531:. 2012-02-12. Archived from
377:, December 2010, article 10.
299:. 2011-12-09. Archived from
74:Investing nature with rights
441:, December 2010, article 7.
405:, December 2010, article 4.
391:, December 2010, article 3.
363:, December 2010, article 5.
1365:
1274:â Eduardo RodrĂguez VeltzĂ©
786:(U.S.; dissenting opinion)
1268:
1034:
953:constitutional referendum
903:
856:(United Nations document)
666:Text (in Spanish) of the
629:10.1017/S2047102518000201
1344:Environmental personhood
1011:2011 indigenous protests
339:Pacto de Unidad (2010).
1329:2010 in the environment
1128:Law Against Racism 2010
580:10.1126/science.aav5601
244:(successor to this law)
1259:Casa Grande del Pueblo
960:2007 Cochabamba unrest
67:
27:
1021:term limit referendum
1016:2019 political crisis
784:Sierra Club v. Morton
451:Comunicaciones CAOI.
79:peoples and nations.
57:DefensorĂa del Pueblo
1162:Cochabamba Water War
987:autonomy referendums
972:2007 miners' protest
936:Constituent Assembly
909:President of Bolivia
707:Rights of nature law
248:Great ape personhood
946:autonomy referendum
854:Harmony with nature
571:2019Sci...363.1392C
565:(6434): 1392â1393.
126:genetically altered
43:by November 2010.
1140:grounding incident
743:Country-level laws
1316:
1315:
1253:Sport Boys Warnes
1150:
1149:
931:2009 Constitution
863:
862:
825:Te Urewera forest
738:
737:
253:Legal personality
225:environmental law
179:radioactive waste
121:Diversity of Life
1356:
1349:Rights of nature
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1304:
1293:
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1072:Plurinationalism
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672:, December 2010.
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328:. 10 April 2011.
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268:Rights of Nature
168:To live free of
46:The law defines
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1339:2010 in Bolivia
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1167:Gas conflict
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819:Yamuna River
813:Ganges River
807:Atrato River
803:(Bangladesh)
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537:. Retrieved
533:the original
528:
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508:. Retrieved
506:. 2011-01-17
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301:the original
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48:Mother Earth
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18:
16:Bolivian law
1200:legislative
1066:Indigenismo
977:2008 unrest
911:(2006â2019)
897:Evo Morales
801:Turag River
714:Local laws
205:Evo Morales
161:restoration
152:equilibrium
1323:Categories
1247:First Lady
992:Santa Cruz
982:Media Luna
918:Presidency
809:(Colombia)
731:(proposed)
539:2012-02-13
510:2012-02-13
485:2012-02-13
459:9 November
422:9 November
307:2011-11-09
274:References
192:indigenous
88:ecosystems
66:(Spanish:
1249:, sister)
1188:Elections
638:2047-1025
589:0036-8075
258:Pachamama
219:Precedent
196:campesino
141:To clean
1295:Category
1172:Cocalero
1155:Activism
1053:Ideology
1046:Politics
1026:protests
941:election
777:Case law
764:Treaties
597:30872530
480:El Deber
297:La Razon
231:See also
32:Bolivian
1307:Commons
1236:Related
926:Cabinet
821:(India)
815:(India)
755:Bolivia
750:Ecuador
567:Bibcode
559:Science
529:OxĂgeno
207:at the
119:To the
101:Content
36:Law 071
30:) is a
24:Spanish
1086:Policy
997:Tarija
636:
595:
587:
847:Other
346:(PDF)
175:toxic
134:water
34:law (
1227:2019
1222:2014
1217:2009
1212:2005
1207:2002
1195:1997
906:65th
634:ISSN
593:PMID
585:ISSN
461:2011
424:2011
194:and
177:and
112:life
624:doi
575:doi
563:363
159:To
150:To
143:air
132:To
110:To
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310:.
293:"
289:"
22:(
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