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1992:
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1367:. This model, considerably smaller than the Brookings model, achieved a very good reputation for its analysis of business conditions, used to forecast fluctuations including national product, exports, investments, and consumption, and to study the effect on them of changes in taxation, public expenditure, oil price, etc.
1438:
judgmental estimates for the exogenous variables, these systems are deliberately automatic and mechanical, simply translating available information into a statistically best estimate of current conditions. This represents a very different tradition from his earlier model building and applications.
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In his final years, he was constructing short range "current quarter models" that use current economic indicators to get a handle on the rate of economic growth during the current and next quarter. In contrast to earlier efforts to model the economy structurally and to use constant adjustments and
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has criticized the assumptions underlying large macro-econometric models built by Klein (Sims, 1980). Also, many economists have questioned the suitability of estimation methods employed by large structural models and the usefulness of simple autoregressive models for approximating economic systems.
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project, a consortium of model builders from many countries, which was also mentioned in his Nobel citation. The aim was to produce the world's first global economic model, linking models of many of the world's countries so that the effect of changes in the economy of one country are reflected in
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After formal retirement and until his death he was engaged in macro econometric model building high-frequency models that project the economy within a short timeframe (e.g., monthly or quarterly). A publication on high frequency model containing countries such as US,
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in 1980 specifically "for the creation of econometric models and their application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies." Due to his efforts, such models have become widespread among
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His Nobel citation concludes that "few, if any, research workers in the empirical field of economic science, have had so many successors and such a large impact as
Lawrence Klein". However,
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China and India: Two Asian
Economic Giants, Two Different Systems (2004). Article free downloadable at the journal Applied Econometrics and International Development
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In 1954, Klein's brief membership in the
Communist Party was made public and he was denied tenure at the University of Michigan, in the wake of the
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the other. LINK, which is now operated by the United
Nations, is still meeting regularly, most recently in September 2018 in Santiago, Chile.
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Karayiannis, Anastassios D. (2009). "A Synopsis of
Lawrence R. Klein's Thoughts and Contributions to Economics". In Puttaswamaiah, K. (ed.).
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Klein used his model to correctly predict, against the prevailing expectation, that there would be an economic upturn rather than a
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to forecast the development of business fluctuations and to study the effects of government economic-political policy. After
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1418:'s economic task force. He declined an invitation to join Carter's administration. Klein has also been president of the
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1283:, later winner of the first economics prize in 1969. Klein differed from Tinbergen in using an alternative
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In the early 1960s Klein became the leader of the major "Brookings-SSRC Project" to construct a detailed
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due to increasing consumer demand from returning servicemen. Similarly, he correctly predicted a mild
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2008:
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1914:
1378:), launching the econometric forecasting industry in the United States. Among his clients were
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1339:, one of the two most prestigious awards in the field of economics. In 1968 he became the
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1319:. Additionally, at the Institute of Statistics, Klein assisted with the creation of the
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1177:, the son of Blanche (née Monheit) and Leo Byron Klein. He went on to graduate from
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to the Klein–Goldberger model: Klein and the
Dynamization of Keynesian Theory".
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Klein served as a thesis advisor for numerous well-known economists including
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In 1958 Klein returned to the U.S. to join the
Department of Economics at the
1288:
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922:
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788:
739:
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1535:
An
Econometric Model of the United States, 1929–52 (with AS Goldberger, 1955)
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1941:
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862:
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1986:
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1601:
An
Introduction to Econometric Forecasting and Forecasting Models (1980)
1182:
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that Klein "was the first to create the statistical models that embodied
1977:
1507:
1950:
1678:"Nobel-Winning Economist Applied Forecasting Models to the Real World"
1635:
262:
1981:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1921:
Sims, C. (1980). Marcoeconomics and reality. Econometrica, 48, 1-48.
1422:, the International Atlantic Economic Society (1989–1990), and the
1463:
1451:
1443:
1390:. He was the initiator of, and an active research leader in their
661:
437:
1565:
1525:
4693:
3825:
3494:
3233:
2552:
2041:
1582:
The
Wharton Econometric Forecasting Model (with MK Evans, 1967)
1383:
1198:
162:
2037:
1355:
to forecast the short-term development of the U.S. economy.
1492:
He died at the age of 93 in his home on October 20, 2013.
5400:
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni
5355:
Distinguished fellows of the American Economic Association
1624:
Economics, Econometrics and The LINK (with M Dutta, 1995)
1532:
Economic Fluctuations in the United States, 1921–41 (1950)
5395:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1936:
1880:(4th ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
1611:
Econometric Models As Guides for Decision Making (1982)
1116:(September 14, 1920 – October 20, 2013) was an American
1256:
during the 1940s, which led to trouble years later.
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245:
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142:
112:
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93:
70:
48:
32:
5375:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1853:"Lawrence R. Klein, Economic Theorist, Dies at 93"
1732:De Vroey, Michel; Malgrange, Pierre (2012). "From
1323:Savings Surveys, based upon the Michigan Surveys.
2020:Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
1716:Business Cycles and Depressions: An Encyclopedia
1506:. Markham economics series (American ed.).
5420:Presidents of the American Economic Association
3853:Presidents of the American Economic Association
1876:Breit, William; Hirsch, Barry T., eds. (2004).
5450:Members of the American Philosophical Society
4705:
3837:
3506:
3245:
2564:
2053:
1759:. New York: North-Holland. pp. 114–140.
1504:An essay on the theory of economic prediction
1094:
8:
2584:Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
1897:Growth of Economics in the Twentieth Century
1343:Professor of Economics and Finance at Penn.
1595:The Brookings Model (With Gary Fromm. 1975)
1219:Cowles Commission for Research in Economics
4712:
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1997:
1990:
1700:
1372:Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates
1101:
1087:
277:
40:
29:
5435:University of California, Berkeley alumni
1363:Later in the '60s, Klein constructed the
1307:, and developed an economic model of the
1275:, which was based on foundations laid by
1138:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
255:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
5345:American people of German-Jewish descent
1412:1976 United States presidential election
1785:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1664:
1621:The Economics of Supply and Demand 1983
289:
1917:. Rubenstein Library, Duke University.
1132:in the Department of Economics at the
411:Measures of national income and output
5425:Presidents of the Econometric Society
1962:The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
1672:
1670:
1668:
1479:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1365:Wharton Econometric Forecasting Model
1203:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
159:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1598:Econometric Model Performance (1976)
1197:in Economics in 1942; he earned his
1161:economics," tools still used by the
1915:"Lawrence Klein Papers, 1950s–2000"
1899:. Enfield: Isle. pp. 579–592.
1636:http://www.usc.es/economet/aeid.htm
241:Macroeconometric forecasting models
5445:University of Pennsylvania faculty
5370:Fellows of the Econometric Society
2532:
1585:A Textbook of Econometrics (1973)
1187:University of California, Berkeley
168:University of California, Berkeley
25:
5380:Jewish American social scientists
1937:Economists for Peace and Security
1475:Economists for Peace and Security
1229:. There he built a model of the
5340:21st-century American economists
5335:20th-century American economists
1967:Library of Economics and Liberty
1957:"Lawrence Robert Klein (1920– )"
1538:The Keynesian revolution (1947)
1473:Klein was a founding trustee of
1068:
1056:
297:
5385:Los Angeles City College alumni
2660:Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
1686:. October 22, 2013. p. A8.
1502:Klein, Lawrence Robert (1970).
1295:McCarthyism and move to England
5440:University of Michigan faculty
1653:List of Jewish Nobel laureates
1510:: Markham Publishing Company.
1483:American Philosophical Society
1477:. He was also a member of the
1335:. In 1959 he was awarded the
1016:Publications in macroeconomics
1:
1946:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1424:American Economic Association
5410:Nobel laureates in Economics
1487:National Academy of Sciences
1205:(MIT) in 1944, where he was
5430:Time series econometricians
5415:People from Omaha, Nebraska
5285:Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg
1388:Bethlehem Steel Corporation
1267:, in particular the famous
1263:, Klein developed enhanced
1209:'s first doctoral student.
1120:. For his work in creating
5466:
2652:Friedrich August von Hayek
1705:, accessed 11 October 2020
1333:University of Pennsylvania
1134:University of Pennsylvania
767:New neoclassical synthesis
750:Real business-cycle theory
117:University of Pennsylvania
4117:Oliver M. W. Sprague
3529:
3418:
3050:Christopher A. Pissarides
2026:
2017:
2005:
2000:
1757:A History of Econometrics
1738:History of Economic Ideas
1556:(2d ed.). New York:
1252:Klein briefly joined the
1165:and other central banks.
272:
261:
89:
39:
5405:Neo-Keynesian economists
5390:American macroeconomists
5365:Economists from Nebraska
5360:American econometricians
5350:American Nobel laureates
1755:Epstein, Roy J. (1987).
1734:The Keynesian Revolution
1554:The Keynesian revolution
1485:, and the United States
1380:General Electric Company
1221:, which was then at the
1217:Klein then moved to the
1179:Los Angeles City College
772:Saltwater and freshwater
177:Los Angeles City College
4433:Charles P. Kindleberger
4171:Emanuel A. Goldenweiser
2429:Stephany Griffith-Jones
1781:"Lawrence Robert Klein"
700:International economics
625:Overlapping generations
267:IDEAS / RePEc
149:Neo-Keynesian economics
4338:John Kenneth Galbraith
3522:John Bates Clark Medal
3424:Nobel Prize recipients
3370:Physiology or Medicine
3317:(Poland/United States)
2241:John Kenneth Galbraith
1878:Lives of the Laureates
1470:was expected in 2008.
1370:In 1969 Klein founded
1347:Brookings-SSRC Project
1337:John Bates Clark Medal
1269:Klein–Goldberger model
1261:University of Michigan
1043:Mathematical economics
794:Modern monetary theory
557:Universal basic income
250:John Bates Clark Medal
125:University of Michigan
82:Gladwyne, Pennsylvania
5067:Jean-Michel Grandmont
3582:Hendrik S. Houthakker
3334:Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
2771:James M. Buchanan Jr.
1303:. Klein moved to the
1231:United States economy
1223:University of Chicago
1189:, where he began his
1136:, he was awarded the
1114:Lawrence Robert Klein
883:Wesley Clair Mitchell
858:Thomas Robert Malthus
695:Development economics
137:University of Chicago
5116:Robert E. Lucas, Jr.
5086:Jean-Jacques Laffont
4391:Tjalling C. Koopmans
4004:Herbert J. Davenport
3914:Edwin R. A. Seligman
3034:Oliver E. Williamson
2664:Tjalling C. Koopmans
2331:Pavlina R. Tcherneva
1809:search.amphilsoc.org
1805:"APS Member History"
1414:, Klein coordinated
1305:University of Oxford
1265:macroeconomic models
1213:Early model-building
1201:in Economics at the
1163:Federal Reserve Bank
620:Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
460:Liquidity preference
121:University of Oxford
5224:Jean-Charles Rochet
5055:Anthony B. Atkinson
4775:John Maynard Keynes
4725:Econometric Society
4606:Christopher A. Sims
4505:Arnold C. Harberger
4469:Thomas C. Schelling
4427:Charles L. Schultze
4314:Kenneth E. Boulding
4266:Theodore W. Schultz
3672:Lawrence H. Summers
3654:Sanford J. Grossman
3624:Martin S. Feldstein
3540:Kenneth E. Boulding
3062:Christopher A. Sims
2990:Thomas C. Schelling
2962:Robert F. Engle III
2863:Robert E. Lucas Jr.
2711:Theodore W. Schultz
2536:Keynesian economics
2085:John Maynard Keynes
2009:Theodore W. Schultz
1861:. October 21, 2013.
1829:"Lawrence R. Klein"
1683:Wall Street Journal
1420:Econometric Society
1402:in the late 1960s.
1181:, where he learned
1155:Wall Street Journal
1075:Business portal
1011:Macroeconomic model
888:John Maynard Keynes
685:Economic statistics
630:General equilibrium
5001:Franklin M. Fisher
4918:Hendrik Houthakker
4320:William J. Fellner
4296:Joseph J. Spengler
4284:Gottfried Haberler
4254:George W. Stocking
4248:Morris A. Copeland
4135:Frederick C. Mills
4075:Matthew B. Hammond
4028:Wesley C. Mitchell
4010:Jacob H. Hollander
3630:Joseph E. Stiglitz
3612:Franklin M. Fisher
3390:George Davis Snell
2978:Edward C. Prescott
2966:Clive W.J. Granger
2942:Joseph E. Stiglitz
2915:Daniel L. McFadden
2803:Harry M. Markowitz
2236:James K. Galbraith
2173:Arthur Melvin Okun
1989:on Nobelprize.org
1699:on Nobelprize.org
1648:List of economists
1376:IHS Global Insight
1327:Return to the U.S.
1245:at the end of the
1173:Klein was born in
1147:Harvard University
963:Edward C. Prescott
690:Monetary economics
59:September 14, 1920
27:American economist
5312:
5311:
5303:Eliana La Ferrara
5194:Lars Peter Hansen
5182:Thomas J. Sargent
5092:Andreu Mas-Colell
5061:Hugo Sonnenschein
5019:James A. Mirrlees
4888:Franco Modigliani
4805:Tjalling Koopmans
4763:Joseph Schumpeter
4687:
4686:
4642:Olivier Blanchard
4630:Robert J. Shiller
4600:Orley Ashenfelter
4576:Thomas J. Sargent
4523:Dale W. Jorgenson
4457:Joseph A. Pechman
4409:William J. Baumol
4379:Lawrence R. Klein
4373:Franco Modigliani
4290:George J. Stigler
4272:Paul A. Samuelson
4183:Joseph Schumpeter
4093:William Z. Ripley
4087:George E. Barnett
4051:Edwin W. Kemmerer
3974:Walter F. Willcox
3926:Jeremiah W. Jenks
3873:Charles F. Dunbar
3867:Francis A. Walker
3819:
3818:
3636:A. Michael Spence
3606:Dale W. Jorgenson
3600:Marc Leon Nerlove
3570:Lawrence R. Klein
3534:Paul A. Samuelson
3488:
3487:
3401:Economic Sciences
3359:Val Logsdon Fitch
3227:
3226:
3126:Richard H. Thaler
3090:Robert J. Shiller
3086:Lars Peter Hansen
3058:Thomas J. Sargent
3046:Dale T. Mortensen
2938:A. Michael Spence
2934:George A. Akerlof
2903:Robert A. Mundell
2871:James A. Mirrlees
2839:Douglass C. North
2811:William F. Sharpe
2763:Franco Modigliani
2739:George J. Stigler
2723:Lawrence R. Klein
2612:Paul A. Samuelson
2546:
2545:
2434:Nobuhiro Kiyotaki
2379:Olivier Blanchard
2336:Anthony Thirlwall
2163:Franco Modigliani
2113:James Duesenberry
2036:
2035:
2027:Succeeded by
1987:Lawrence R. Klein
1906:978-0-9823895-2-2
1833:www.nasonline.org
1353:econometric model
1341:Benjamin Franklin
1273:Arthur Goldberger
1227:Cowles Foundation
1191:computer modeling
1111:
1110:
1038:Political economy
993:N. Gregory Mankiw
983:Thomas J. Sargent
828:Market monetarism
642:Endogenous growth
472:National accounts
276:
275:
222:Vishwanath Pandit
206:Arthur Goldberger
133:Cowles Commission
18:Lawrence R. Klein
16:(Redirected from
5457:
5279:Orazio Attanasio
5237:James J. Heckman
5232:
5206:Roger B. Myerson
5188:Richard Blundell
5176:Ariel Rubinstein
5165:
5128:Robert B. Wilson
5104:Christopher Sims
5075:
4906:Michio Morishima
4894:Edmond Malinvaud
4840:Wassily Leontief
4751:Harold Hotelling
4745:François Divisia
4714:
4707:
4700:
4691:
4618:William Nordhaus
4558:Martin Feldstein
4546:Robert Lucas Jr.
4403:Moses Abramovitz
4350:Walter W. Heller
4344:Kenneth J. Arrow
4326:Wassily Leontief
4224:Calvin B. Hoover
4212:John H. Williams
4111:Alvin S. Johnson
4081:Ernest L. Bogart
3998:Henry B. Gardner
3980:Thomas N. Carver
3891:Arthur T. Hadley
3846:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3750:Matthew Gentzkow
3648:Jerry A. Hausman
3642:James J. Heckman
3564:Kenneth J. Arrow
3515:
3508:
3501:
3492:
3426:
3378:Baruj Benacerraf
3291:Frederick Sanger
3254:
3247:
3240:
3231:
3220:
3212:
3210:Philip H. Dybvig
3193:
3174:
3172:Robert B. Wilson
3159:
3149:Abhijit Banerjee
3140:
3134:William Nordhaus
3128:
3120:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3076:
3074:Lloyd S. Shapley
3064:
3052:
3042:Peter A. Diamond
3036:
3024:
3016:
3014:Roger B. Myerson
3000:
2998:Edmund S. Phelps
2992:
2986:Robert J. Aumann
2980:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2917:
2911:James J. Heckman
2905:
2897:
2889:
2887:Myron S. Scholes
2883:Robert C. Merton
2877:
2865:
2857:
2851:John F. Nash Jr.
2847:John C. Harsanyi
2841:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2807:Merton H. Miller
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2715:Sir Arthur Lewis
2705:
2703:Herbert A. Simon
2697:
2685:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2640:Wassily Leontief
2634:
2632:Kenneth J. Arrow
2622:
2614:
2606:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2534:
2509:Michael Woodford
2499:Lawrence Summers
2454:Maurice Obstfeld
2424:Robert J. Gordon
2346:Sidney Weintraub
2326:G. L. S. Shackle
2062:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2013:Sir Arthur Lewis
2006:Preceded by
1998:
1994:
1974:
1969:(2nd ed.).
1918:
1910:
1891:
1863:
1862:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1729:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1674:
1577:
1529:
1431:Christopher Sims
1400:E. Roy Weintraub
1287:and a different
1151:Martin Feldstein
1128:in the field of
1103:
1096:
1089:
1073:
1072:
1063:Money portal
1061:
1060:
1059:
973:William Nordhaus
958:Robert Lucas Jr.
848:François Quesnay
484:Nominal rigidity
455:Demand for money
433:Microfoundations
369:Financial crisis
349:Effective demand
319:Aggregate supply
314:Aggregate demand
301:
278:
218:E. Roy Weintraub
210:Bennett Harrison
77:
74:October 20, 2013
58:
56:
44:
30:
21:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5291:Guido Tabellini
5243:Manuel Arellano
5226:
5218:Bengt Holmström
5200:Torsten Persson
5159:
5139:
5134:Elhanan Helpman
5110:Roger Guesnerie
5098:Takashi Negishi
5069:
5037:Daniel McFadden
5007:J. Denis Sargan
4989:Lionel McKenzie
4971:
4858:Trygve Haavelmo
4810:
4769:Wesley Mitchell
4727:
4718:
4688:
4683:
4666:Christina Romer
4564:Daniel McFadden
4528:
4517:D. Gale Johnson
4511:Robert W. Fogel
4499:Anne O. Krueger
4493:Victor R. Fuchs
4475:William Vickrey
4439:Alice M. Rivlin
4421:W. Arthur Lewis
4397:Robert M. Solow
4361:
4356:R. Aaron Gordon
4308:Milton Friedman
4278:Edward S. Mason
4260:Arthur F. Burns
4218:Harold A. Innis
4200:
4189:Howard S. Ellis
4165:I. Leo Sharfman
4159:Joseph S. Davis
4153:Albert B. Wolfe
4147:Edwin G. Nourse
4141:Sumner Slichter
4099:Harry A. Millis
4057:Thomas S. Adams
4039:
4016:Henry R. Seager
3986:John R. Commons
3956:Frank A. Fetter
3950:Henry W. Farnam
3944:Edmund J. James
3932:Simon N. Patten
3902:
3855:
3850:
3820:
3815:
3738:Amy Finkelstein
3690:Andrei Shleifer
3684:Kevin M. Murphy
3666:Paul R. Krugman
3618:Daniel McFadden
3576:Robert M. Solow
3546:Milton Friedman
3525:
3519:
3489:
3484:
3422:
3414:
3411:(United States)
3395:
3392:(United States)
3380:(United States)
3364:
3361:(United States)
3355:(United States)
3339:
3320:
3296:
3293:(Great Britain)
3287:(United States)
3281:(United States)
3265:
3258:
3228:
3223:
3215:
3206:Douglas Diamond
3196:
3177:
3162:
3143:
3131:
3123:
3118:Bengt Holmström
3111:
3103:
3095:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3039:
3027:
3019:
3003:
2995:
2983:
2974:Finn E. Kydland
2971:
2959:
2954:Vernon L. Smith
2950:Daniel Kahneman
2947:
2931:
2920:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2880:
2875:William Vickrey
2868:
2860:
2855:Reinhard Selten
2844:
2835:Robert W. Fogel
2832:
2824:
2819:Ronald H. Coase
2816:
2800:
2795:Trygve Haavelmo
2792:
2784:
2779:Robert M. Solow
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2708:
2700:
2688:
2683:Milton Friedman
2680:
2669:
2657:
2645:
2637:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2597:
2586:
2577:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2518:
2494:Joseph Stiglitz
2489:Andrei Shleifer
2479:Julio Rotemberg
2409:Stanley Fischer
2394:Richard Clarida
2389:Guillermo Calvo
2355:
2351:L. Randall Wray
2341:William Vickrey
2316:Steven Pressman
2271:Nicholas Kaldor
2251:Myron J. Gordon
2213:Post-Keynesians
2207:
2123:Trygve Haavelmo
2089:
2073:
2066:
2032:
2023:
2015:
2011:
1955:
1928:
1913:
1907:
1894:
1888:
1875:
1872:
1870:Further reading
1867:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1713:
1709:
1695:
1691:
1676:
1675:
1666:
1661:
1644:
1550:Klein, Lawrence
1548:
1518:
1501:
1498:
1408:
1361:
1349:
1329:
1297:
1285:economic theory
1254:Communist Party
1215:
1175:Omaha, Nebraska
1171:
1169:Life and career
1126:economic trends
1122:computer models
1107:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1048:
1047:
1006:
998:
997:
978:Joseph Stiglitz
938:Milton Friedman
918:Friedrich Hayek
843:
833:
832:
715:
705:
704:
675:
667:
666:
652:Mundell–Fleming
647:Matching theory
585:Keynesian cross
570:
562:
561:
532:
524:
523:
309:
253:
220:
216:
212:
208:
201:
189:
175:
166:
155:Alma mater
144:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
105:
94:Academic career
85:
79:
75:
66:
63:Omaha, Nebraska
60:
54:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5463:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5317:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5273:Stephen Morris
5270:
5264:
5261:Drew Fudenberg
5258:
5252:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5154:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5095:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5064:
5058:
5052:
5049:Dale Jorgenson
5046:
5040:
5034:
5031:Amartya K. Sen
5028:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4983:Hirofumi Uzawa
4979:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4930:Leonid Hurwicz
4927:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4876:Lawrence Klein
4873:
4870:Marcel Boiteux
4867:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4828:Paul Samuelson
4825:
4822:R. G. D. Allen
4818:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4781:Jacob Marschak
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4694:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4624:Richard Thaler
4621:
4615:
4612:Claudia Goldin
4609:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4570:George Akerlof
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4445:Gary S. Becker
4442:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4415:Gardner Ackley
4412:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4385:Jacob Marschak
4382:
4376:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4242:Edwin E. Witte
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4063:Fred M. Taylor
4060:
4054:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4034:Allyn A. Young
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3938:Davis R. Dewey
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3897:Richard T. Ely
3894:
3888:
3885:Henry C. Adams
3882:
3876:
3870:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3826:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3810:Philipp Strack
3807:
3804:Gabriel Zucman
3801:
3795:
3792:Isaiah Andrews
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3768:Dave Donaldson
3765:
3762:Yuliy Sannikov
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3732:Jonathan Levin
3729:
3723:
3717:
3714:Susan C. Athey
3711:
3708:Daron Acemoglu
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3660:David M. Kreps
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3594:Gary S. Becker
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3409:Lawrence Klein
3405:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3315:Czesław Miłosz
3311:
3309:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3285:Walter Gilbert
3282:
3275:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3218:Claudia Goldin
3213:
3194:
3187:Joshua Angrist
3175:
3160:
3157:Michael Kremer
3141:
3129:
3121:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3082:Eugene F. Fama
3077:
3065:
3053:
3037:
3025:
3017:
3010:Eric S. Maskin
3006:Leonid Hurwicz
3001:
2993:
2981:
2969:
2957:
2945:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2878:
2866:
2858:
2842:
2830:
2827:Gary S. Becker
2822:
2814:
2798:
2790:
2787:Maurice Allais
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2706:
2698:
2695:James E. Meade
2686:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2635:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2504:John B. Taylor
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Robert Shiller
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:Kenneth Rogoff
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2369:George Akerlof
2365:
2363:
2361:New Keynesians
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:Abba P. Lerner
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Michał Kalecki
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:Michael Hudson
2258:
2256:Geoff Harcourt
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2221:Victoria Chick
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Paul Samuelson
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Robert Mundell
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2148:Lawrence Klein
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2108:William Baumol
2105:
2103:Gardner Ackley
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1996:
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1984:
1975:
1953:
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1942:Lawrence Klein
1939:
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1932:Lawrence Klein
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1926:External links
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2183:Bill Phillips
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2159:
2158:Lloyd Metzler
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2138:Walter Heller
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2118:Robert Eisner
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1768:
1766:0-444-70267-9
1762:
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1744:(2): 113–136.
1743:
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1719:, p. 361, at
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1610:
1608:
1607:0-669-02896-7
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:0-13-912832-8
1588:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:0-333-08131-5
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1517:0-8410-2005-1
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:or WEFA (now
1373:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:known as the
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:Jan Tinbergen
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1193:and earned a
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
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1123:
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1090:
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1084:
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1081:
1076:
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1066:
1064:
1054:
1053:
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1051:
1044:
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1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1001:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:Peter Diamond
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
953:Edmund Phelps
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:Richard Stone
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
913:Joan Robinson
911:
909:
908:Simon Kuznets
906:
904:
903:Gunnar Myrdal
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
878:Irving Fisher
876:
874:
873:Knut Wicksell
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
842:
837:
836:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
812:
809:
808:
807:
804:
802:
799:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
780:
779:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:New classical
743:
741:
738:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
724:
721:
720:
719:
714:
709:
708:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
671:
670:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
566:
565:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
528:
527:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
499:Shrinkflation
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
468:
465:
461:
458:
457:
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453:
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448:
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439:
436:
434:
431:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Interest rate
394:
390:
387:
385:
382:
381:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
353:Expectations
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
305:
304:
300:
296:
295:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
248:
244:
240:
238:Contributions
236:
233:
232:Jan Tinbergen
230:
226:
223:
219:
215:
214:Ignazio Visco
211:
207:
204:
198:
195:
192:
186:
182:
178:
173:
169:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
92:
88:
83:
73:
69:
64:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
5297:Rosa Matzkin
5144:2001–present
5013:Marc Nerlove
4995:János Kornai
4960:Don Patinkin
4948:W. M. Gorman
4900:Robert Solow
4875:
4793:Charles Roos
4678:Janet Currie
4654:Janet Yellen
4648:Ben Bernanke
4588:Angus Deaton
4533:2001–present
4378:
4195:Frank Knight
4177:Paul Douglas
4123:Alvin Hansen
4069:Edwin F. Gay
3968:John H. Gray
3962:David Kinley
3786:Melissa Dell
3780:Emi Nakamura
3774:Parag Pathak
3756:Roland Fryer
3726:Esther Duflo
3569:
3551:
3454:
3408:
3384:Jean Dausset
3353:James Cronin
3202:Ben Bernanke
3191:Guido Imbens
3168:Paul Milgrom
3153:Esther Duflo
3106:Angus Deaton
3022:Paul Krugman
2925:2001–present
2722:
2691:Bertil Ohlin
2514:Janet Yellen
2464:Ricardo Reis
2439:Paul Krugman
2419:Mark Gertler
2384:Alan Blinder
2374:Ben Bernanke
2301:Hyman Minsky
2266:Richard Kahn
2246:Wynne Godley
2198:Robert Solow
2178:Don Patinkin
2147:
2128:Alvin Hansen
2018:
1971:Liberty Fund
1960:
1896:
1877:
1856:
1847:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1823:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:
1799:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:
1775:
1756:
1750:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1721:Google Books
1714:
1710:
1692:
1681:
1553:
1549:
1503:
1496:Publications
1491:
1472:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1416:Jimmy Carter
1409:
1406:Later career
1397:
1369:
1362:
1350:
1330:
1313:Oxford model
1301:McCarthy era
1298:
1258:
1251:
1235:World War II
1216:
1172:
1130:econometrics
1124:to forecast
1113:
1112:
988:Paul Krugman
947:
933:Hyman Minsky
893:Alvin Hansen
777:
776:
717:
680:Econometrics
657:Overshooting
610:Harrod–Domar
605:Arrow–Debreu
552:Central bank
519:Unemployment
509:Supply shock
467:Money supply
344:Disinflation
339:Demand shock
107:Econometrics
76:(2013-10-20)
5330:2013 deaths
5325:1920 births
5255:Eddie Dekel
5227: [
5170:Eric Maskin
5160: [
5157:Guy Laroque
5122:Jean Tirole
5070: [
4912:Herman Wold
4882:Henri Theil
4864:James Tobin
4777:(1944–1945)
4771:(1942–1943)
4765:(1940–1941)
4759:(1938–1939)
4753:(1936–1937)
4741:(1931–1934)
4672:Susan Athey
4594:Robert Hall
4487:Amartya Sen
4332:James Tobin
4129:Jacob Viner
3558:James Tobin
3336:(Argentina)
3262:Nobel Prize
3114:Oliver Hart
3098:Jean Tirole
2895:Amartya Sen
2731:James Tobin
2474:David Romer
2449:Marc Melitz
2444:Greg Mankiw
2399:Brad DeLong
2311:Basil Moore
2291:Marc Lavoie
2231:Evsey Domar
2203:James Tobin
2153:James Meade
2030:James Tobin
1978:Appearances
1951:IDEAS/RePEc
1426:(in 1977).
1410:During the
1291:technique.
1289:statistical
1281:Netherlands
868:Léon Walras
762:Supply-side
595:Accelerator
504:Stagflation
489:Price level
384:Demand-pull
263:Information
113:Institution
5319:Categories
5267:Tim Besley
4954:Roy Radner
4924:Frank Hahn
4721:Presidents
4660:David Card
3744:Raj Chetty
3678:David Card
3524:recipients
3302:Literature
3183:David Card
3138:Paul Romer
2414:Jordi Galí
2286:Jan Kregel
2281:Steve Keen
2143:John Hicks
2133:Roy Harrod
2070:Keynesians
1838:2022-09-12
1814:2022-09-12
1790:2022-09-12
1659:References
1247:Korean War
1239:depression
1225:, now the
1149:professor
1143:economists
923:John Hicks
853:Adam Smith
811:Circuitism
801:Ecological
789:Chartalism
740:Monetarism
718:Mainstream
615:Solow–Swan
590:Multiplier
547:Commercial
443:Endogenous
401:Investment
228:Influences
55:1920-09-14
4976:1976–2000
4815:1951–1975
4732:1931–1950
4366:1976–2000
4205:1951–1975
4044:1926–1950
3907:1901–1925
3860:1886–1900
3279:Paul Berg
3271:Chemistry
3264:laureates
2674:1976–2000
2591:1969–1975
2580:Laureates
2404:Huw Dixon
1558:Macmillan
1552:(1966) .
1468:Hong Kong
1243:recession
1159:Keynesian
1153:told the
1118:economist
1021:Economics
863:Karl Marx
778:Heterodox
757:Stockholm
723:Keynesian
494:Recession
389:Cost-push
379:Inflation
334:Deflation
145:tradition
4834:René Roy
3552:No Award
3386:(France)
1642:See also
1574:5988755M
1566:66019138
1526:73122300
1183:calculus
1005:See also
784:Austrian
542:Monetary
531:Policies
362:Rational
357:Adaptive
283:a series
281:Part of
202:students
200:Doctoral
188:Doctoral
4723:of the
3345:Physics
2582:of the
2523:Related
2078:Founder
2001:Awards
1973:. 2008.
1944:at the
1508:Chicago
1359:Wharton
1321:British
1279:of the
1259:At the
1026:Applied
823:Marxian
713:Schools
190:advisor
5305:(2024)
5299:(2023)
5293:(2022)
5287:(2021)
5281:(2020)
5275:(2019)
5269:(2018)
5263:(2017)
5257:(2016)
5251:(2015)
5245:(2014)
5239:(2013)
5233:(2012)
5220:(2011)
5214:(2010)
5208:(2009)
5202:(2008)
5196:(2007)
5190:(2006)
5184:(2005)
5178:(2004)
5172:(2003)
5166:(2002)
5153:(2001)
5136:(2000)
5130:(1999)
5124:(1998)
5118:(1997)
5112:(1996)
5106:(1995)
5100:(1994)
5094:(1993)
5088:(1992)
5082:(1991)
5076:(1990)
5063:(1989)
5057:(1988)
5051:(1987)
5045:(1986)
5039:(1985)
5033:(1984)
5027:(1983)
5021:(1982)
5015:(1981)
5009:(1980)
5003:(1979)
4997:(1978)
4991:(1977)
4985:(1976)
4968:(1975)
4962:(1974)
4956:(1973)
4950:(1972)
4944:(1971)
4938:(1970)
4932:(1969)
4926:(1968)
4920:(1967)
4914:(1966)
4908:(1965)
4902:(1964)
4896:(1963)
4890:(1962)
4884:(1961)
4878:(1960)
4872:(1959)
4866:(1958)
4860:(1957)
4854:(1956)
4848:(1955)
4842:(1954)
4836:(1953)
4830:(1952)
4824:(1951)
4807:(1950)
4801:(1949)
4795:(1948)
4789:(1947)
4783:(1946)
4747:(1935)
4680:(2024)
4674:(2023)
4668:(2022)
4662:(2021)
4656:(2020)
4650:(2019)
4644:(2018)
4638:(2017)
4632:(2016)
4626:(2015)
4620:(2014)
4614:(2013)
4608:(2012)
4602:(2011)
4596:(2010)
4590:(2009)
4584:(2008)
4578:(2007)
4572:(2006)
4566:(2005)
4560:(2004)
4554:(2003)
4548:(2002)
4542:(2001)
4525:(2000)
4519:(1999)
4513:(1998)
4507:(1997)
4501:(1996)
4495:(1995)
4489:(1994)
4483:(1993)
4477:(1992)
4471:(1991)
4465:(1990)
4459:(1989)
4453:(1988)
4447:(1987)
4441:(1986)
4435:(1985)
4429:(1984)
4423:(1983)
4417:(1982)
4411:(1981)
4405:(1980)
4399:(1979)
4393:(1978)
4387:(1978)
4381:(1977)
4375:(1976)
4358:(1975)
4352:(1974)
4346:(1973)
4340:(1972)
4334:(1971)
4328:(1970)
4322:(1969)
4316:(1968)
4310:(1967)
4304:(1966)
4298:(1965)
4292:(1964)
4286:(1963)
4280:(1962)
4274:(1961)
4268:(1960)
4262:(1959)
4256:(1958)
4250:(1957)
4244:(1956)
4238:(1955)
4232:(1954)
4226:(1953)
4220:(1952)
4214:(1951)
4197:(1950)
4191:(1949)
4185:(1948)
4179:(1947)
4173:(1946)
4167:(1945)
4161:(1944)
4155:(1943)
4149:(1942)
4143:(1941)
4137:(1940)
4131:(1939)
4125:(1938)
4119:(1937)
4113:(1936)
4107:(1935)
4101:(1934)
4095:(1933)
4089:(1932)
4083:(1931)
4077:(1930)
4071:(1929)
4065:(1928)
4059:(1927)
4053:(1926)
4036:(1925)
4030:(1924)
4024:(1923)
4018:(1922)
4012:(1921)
4006:(1920)
4000:(1919)
3994:(1918)
3988:(1917)
3982:(1916)
3976:(1915)
3970:(1914)
3964:(1913)
3958:(1912)
3952:(1911)
3946:(1910)
3940:(1909)
3934:(1908)
3928:(1906)
3922:(1904)
3916:(1902)
3899:(1900)
3893:(1898)
3887:(1896)
3881:(1894)
3875:(1893)
3869:(1886)
3812:(2024)
3806:(2023)
3800:(2022)
3794:(2021)
3788:(2020)
3782:(2019)
3776:(2018)
3770:(2017)
3764:(2016)
3758:(2015)
3752:(2014)
3746:(2013)
3740:(2012)
3734:(2011)
3728:(2010)
3722:(2009)
3716:(2007)
3710:(2005)
3704:(2003)
3698:(2001)
3692:(1999)
3686:(1997)
3680:(1995)
3674:(1993)
3668:(1991)
3662:(1989)
3656:(1987)
3650:(1985)
3644:(1983)
3638:(1981)
3632:(1979)
3626:(1977)
3620:(1975)
3614:(1973)
3608:(1971)
3602:(1969)
3596:(1967)
3590:(1965)
3584:(1963)
3578:(1961)
3572:(1959)
3566:(1957)
3560:(1955)
3554:(1953)
3548:(1951)
3542:(1949)
3536:(1947)
3216:2023:
3132:2018:
3124:2017:
3112:2016:
3104:2015:
3096:2014:
3080:2013:
3068:2012:
3056:2011:
3040:2010:
3028:2009:
3020:2008:
3004:2007:
2996:2006:
2984:2005:
2972:2004:
2960:2003:
2948:2002:
2932:2001:
2909:2000:
2901:1999:
2893:1998:
2881:1997:
2869:1996:
2861:1995:
2845:1994:
2833:1993:
2825:1992:
2817:1991:
2801:1990:
2793:1989:
2785:1988:
2777:1987:
2769:1986:
2761:1985:
2753:1984:
2745:1983:
2737:1982:
2729:1981:
2721:1980:
2709:1979:
2701:1978:
2689:1977:
2681:1976:
2658:1975:
2646:1974:
2638:1973:
2626:1972:
2618:1971:
2610:1970:
2598:1969:
1982:C-SPAN
1903:
1884:
1763:
1628:
1615:
1605:
1589:
1572:
1564:
1542:
1524:
1514:
1481:, the
1460:Mexico
1456:Brazil
1448:Russia
1386:, and
1185:; the
841:People
569:Models
537:Fiscal
514:Saving
374:Growth
257:(1980)
252:(1959)
246:Awards
84:, U.S.
65:, U.S.
5231:]
5164:]
5074:]
3455:1980
3326:Peace
3260:1980
2024:1980
1464:Korea
1452:India
1444:China
1315:with
1271:with
662:NAIRU
580:AD–AS
575:IS–LM
438:Money
99:Field
3480:1985
3475:1984
3470:1983
3465:1982
3460:1981
3450:1979
3445:1978
3440:1977
3435:1976
3430:1975
3306:1980
3198:2022
3179:2021
3164:2020
3145:2019
1901:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1562:LCCN
1540:ISBN
1522:LCCN
1512:ISBN
1466:and
1392:LINK
728:Neo-
635:DSGE
329:CAGR
129:NBER
71:Died
49:Born
1980:on
1384:IBM
1199:PhD
1145:.
733:New
477:SNA
426:NNI
421:GNI
416:GDP
265:at
163:PhD
5321::
5229:ru
5162:fr
5072:de
3208:/
3204:/
3200::
3189:/
3185:/
3181::
3170:/
3166::
3155:/
3151:/
3147::
3136:/
3116:/
3088:/
3084:/
3072:/
3060:/
3048:/
3044:/
3032:/
3012:/
3008:/
2988:/
2976:/
2964:/
2952:/
2940:/
2936:/
2913:/
2885:/
2873:/
2853:/
2849:/
2837:/
2809:/
2805:/
2713:/
2693:/
2662:/
2650:/
2630:/
2602:/
1965:.
1959:.
1855:.
1831:.
1807:.
1783:.
1742:20
1740:.
1680:.
1667:^
1570:OL
1568:.
1560:.
1520:.
1489:.
1462:,
1458:,
1454:,
1450:,
1446:,
1382:,
1249:.
1195:BA
285:on
181:AA
172:BA
4713:e
4706:t
4699:v
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3838:t
3831:v
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3507:t
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3308:)
3304:(
3253:e
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3239:v
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2061:e
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2047:v
1909:.
1890:.
1841:.
1817:.
1793:.
1769:.
1576:.
1528:.
1102:e
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183:)
179:(
174:)
170:(
165:)
161:(
57:)
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20:)
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