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recognition to any relationship that homosexual persons seek to enter. The case does involve two adults who, with full and mutual consent from each other, engaged in sexual practices common to a homosexual lifestyle. The petitioners are entitled to respect for their private lives. The State cannot demean their existence or control their destiny by making their private sexual conduct a crime. Their right to liberty under the Due
Process Clause gives them the full right to engage in their conduct without intervention of the government. "It is a promise of the Constitution that there is a realm of personal liberty which the government may not enter." The Texas statute furthers no legitimate state interest which can justify its intrusion into the personal and private life of the individual.
690:
determining what charges to bring. He later reported seeing
Lawrence and Garner having anal sex in the bedroom. A second officer reported seeing them engaged in oral sex, and two others did not report seeing the pair having sex. Lawrence repeatedly challenged the police for entering his home. Quinn had discretionary authority to charge them for a variety of offenses and to determine whether to arrest them. When Quinn considered charging them with having sex in violation of state law, he had to get an Assistant District Attorney to check the statutes to be certain they covered sexual activity inside a residence. He was told that Texas' anti-
898:
34:
1093:
1222:. Justice Thomas added that if he were a member of the Texas Legislature, he would vote to repeal the law. The Justice opined that "punishing someone for expressing his sexual preference through noncommercial consensual conduct with another adult does not appear to be a worthy way to expend valuable law enforcement resources". Nevertheless, Thomas voted to uphold the constitutionality of the Texas sodomy law because he could find "no general right of privacy" in the Constitution.
1860:
1084:
maintained that a sodomy law that was neutral both in effect and application might be constitutional, but that there was little to fear because "democratic society" would not tolerate it for long. O'Connor noted that a law limiting marriage to heterosexual couples would pass rational scrutiny as long as it was designed to "preserv the traditional institution of marriage" and not simply based on the state's dislike of homosexual persons.
1836:
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762:, the highest appellate court in Texas for criminal matters, to review the case. After a year's delay, on April 17, 2002, that request was denied. Lambda Legal's Harlow called that decision "a major abdication of judicial responsibility". Bill Delmore, the Harris County prosecutor who argued the case, called the judges "big chickens" and said: "They have a history of avoiding the hot potato cases if they can."
5924:
1848:
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1026:, using the words of Chief Justice Burger's concurring opinion in that case, that "Condemnation of is firmly rooted in Judeo-Christian moral and ethical standards." He reviewed the history of legislation that criminalized certain sexual practices, but without regard for the gender of those involved. He cited the Model Penal Code's recommendations since 1955, the
3084:
1186:, by which I mean the agenda promoted by some homosexual activists directed at eliminating the moral opprobrium that has traditionally attached to homosexual conduct. ... he Court has taken sides in the culture war, departing from its role of assuring, as a neutral observer, that the democratic rules of engagement are observed.
1691:, responded, "Either the majority does not really believe in its own reasoning. Or if it does, all rights that have no history stretching back to the mid-19th century are insecure. Either the mass of the majority's opinion is hypocrisy, or additional constitutional rights are under threat. It is one or the other."
702:
Quinn decided to arrest
Lawrence and Garner and charge them with having "deviate sex". In the separate arrest reports he filed for each, he wrote that he had seen the arrestee "engaged in deviate sexual conduct namely, anal sex, with another man". Lawrence and Garner were held in jail overnight. At a
651:
held that the
Constitution protects people as individuals, not as family units. He then reasoned that because state intrusions are equally burdensome on an individual's personal life regardless of his marital status or sexual orientation, there is no reason to treat the rights of citizens in same-sex
1556:
In the majority decision, Justice
Kennedy wrote: "The present case does not involve minors. It does not involve persons who might be injured or coerced or who are situated in relationships where consent might not easily be refused." The "obvious" meaning, as Nancy D. Polikoff wrote, was to point out
1492:. The District Court dismissed the lawsuit and the Ninth Circuit affirmed the dismissal, reasoning that "the commercial nature of the relationship between prostitute and client suggests a far less selective relationship than that which previously has been held to constitute an intimate association."
466:
The
Supreme Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas in a 6–3 decision, and by extension invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making all forms of private, consensual non-procreative sexual activities between two consenting individuals of either sex (especially of the same sex) legal in every
1351:
that reduces the punishment for a teenager under 18 years of age who has consensual sexual relations with a minor no more than four years their junior but explicitly excludes same-sex conduct from the sentence reduction. In 2004, the Kansas
Appeals Court upheld the law as is, but the Kansas Supreme
659:
decision, ten states—Alabama, Florida, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Michigan, Utah, and Virginia—still banned consensual sodomy without respect to the sex of those involved, and four—Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri (partially)—prohibited same-sex couples from
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majority—and disputed the court's invocation of due process guarantees of liberty in this context. Rather than including sexuality within protected liberty, she would strike down the law as violating the equal protection clause because it criminalized male–male but not male–female sodomy. O'Connor
727:
Mike
Parrott found them guilty and imposed a $ 100 fine and court costs of $ 41.25 on each defendant. When the defense attorneys realized that the fine was below the minimum required to permit them to appeal the convictions, they asked the judge to impose a higher penalty. Parrott, well aware that
751:
heard the case on
November 3, 1999. Their 2–1 decision issued on June 8, 2000, ruled the Texas law was unconstitutional. Justice John S. Anderson and Chief Justice Paul Murphy found that the law violated the 1972 Equal Rights Amendment to the Texas Constitution, which bars discrimination based on
681:
city limits. Lawrence and Eubanks had been friends for more than 20 years. Garner and Eubanks had had an intermittent romantic relationship since 1990. Lacking transportation home, the couple were preparing to spend the night. Eubanks, who had been drinking heavily, left to purchase a soda from a
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the Court had misread the historical record regarding laws criminalizing homosexual relations. He stated that, after further research, the Court had found that historical American anti-sodomy laws had been directed at "nonprocreative sexual activity more generally," rather than specifically at
1474:
ruling may create complications in several states that include human sexual conduct and bestiality in the same "anti-sodomy" statute. As of 2018, 45 states have direct prohibitions on bestiality, while others may prohibit it under broader animal cruelty laws, according to the Animal Legal and
1008:
The present case does not involve minors. It does not involve persons who might be injured or coerced or who are situated in relationships where consent might not easily be refused. It does not involve public conduct or prostitution. It does not involve whether the government must give formal
689:
sheriff's deputies responded within minutes and Eubanks pointed them to the apartment. They entered the unlocked apartment toward 11 p.m. with their weapons drawn. In accordance with police procedures, the first to arrive, Joseph Quinn, took the lead both in approaching the scene and later in
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had been criticized in the United States and rejected by most other developed Western countries. For this reason, Kennedy stated that there was a jurisprudential basis to think that it should be "an integral part of human freedom" for consenting adults to choose to privately engage in sexual
1238:
refused to comment on the decision, noting only that the administration had not filed a brief in the case. As governor, Bush had opposed the repeal of the Texas sodomy provision, which he called a "symbolic gesture of traditional values". After quoting Fleischer calling it "a state matter",
1252:
The Lambda Legal's lead attorney in the case, Ruth Harlow, stated in an interview after the ruling that "the court admitted its mistake in 1986, admitted it had been wrong then ... and emphasized today that gay Americans, like all Americans, are entitled to full respect and equal claim to
613:
the US Supreme court extended that right to privacy to protect a woman's right to have an abortion, although the extent to which that might be regulated by the government varied, with almost absolute protection in the first trimester, and allowing for increasing regulation as the pregnancy
1194:
So imbued is the Court with the law profession's anti-anti-homosexual culture, that it is seemingly unaware that the attitudes of that culture are not obviously "mainstream"; that in most States what the Court calls "discrimination" against those who engage in homosexual acts is perfectly
743:
that found no privacy protection for consensual sex between homosexuals was "wrongly decided". On December 22, Judge Sherman Ross denied the defense motions to dismiss. The defendants again pleaded "no contest". Ross fined them $ 200 each, the amount agreed upon in advance by both sides.
1487:
In 2015, the Erotic Service Provider Legal Education & Research Project (ESPLERP) filed a lawsuit against George Gascon, District Attorney for San Francisco, alleging that the state of California's anti-prostitution laws prevented relations between consenting adults in violation of
698:
if someone "engages in deviate sexual intercourse with another individual of the same sex". The statute, Chapter 21, Sec. 21.06 of the Texas Penal Code, had been adopted in 1973 when the state revised its criminal code to end its proscription on heterosexual anal and oral intercourse.
561:, to anyone convicted of the crime of sodomy. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several states imposed various eugenics laws against anyone deemed to be a "sexual pervert". As late as 1970, Connecticut denied a driver's license to a man for being an "admitted homosexual".
1423:
that a high school teacher had a constitutional right to engage in sexual activity with his consent-aged students. The court rejected the teacher's privacy and liberty arguments in the context of an "inherently coercive relationship wherein consent might not easily be refused".
1725:
that the role of the Court in all cases, including unenumerated rights cases, is to ensure that the government's action has not been arbitrary. Justice Stevens had repeatedly criticized tiered scrutiny and preferred a more active judicial balancing test based on reasonability.
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to cases of consensual adult incest. The case was distinguished because the parties were not similarly situated since there is in the latter case an enhanced possibility of genetic mutation of a possible offspring as suggested by geneticists who were witnesses at the trial.
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850:, depicted homosexuals as self-destructive, disease-prone, and promiscuous. The states of Alabama, South Carolina, and Utah advised the Court that unlike heterosexual sodomy, homosexual sodomy had "severe physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual consequences".
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780:
Whether the petitioners' criminal convictions under the Texas "Homosexual Conduct" law—which criminalizes sexual intimacy by same-sex couples, but not identical behavior by different-sex couples—violate the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee of equal protection of the
192:
Whether the petitioners' criminal convictions under the Texas "Homosexual Conduct" law—which criminalizes sexual intimacy by same-sex couples, but not identical behavior by different-sex couples—violate the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee of equal protection of the
758:. On March 15, 2001, without hearing oral arguments, it reversed the three-judge panel's decision and upheld the law's constitutionality 7–2, denying both the substantive due process and equal protection arguments. Attorneys for Lawrence and Garner asked the
623:(1986), the Supreme Court heard a constitutional challenge to sodomy laws brought by a man who had been arrested, but was not prosecuted, for engaging in oral sex with another man in his home. The Court rejected this challenge in a 5 to 4 decision. Justice
2835:
He summarized the majority's criteria as: looking to (1) "whether its foundations have been 'eroded' by subsequent decisions; (2) it has been subject to 'substantial and continuing' criticism; (3) it has not induced 'individual or societal
5198:
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used a new method of substantive due process analysis, and that the Court intended to abandon its old method of categorizing due process rights as either "fundamental" or "not fundamental" as too restrictive. Justice Souter, for example, argued in
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869:, District Attorney of Harris County, represented the state. His performance was later described as "the worst oral argument in years", but some believe his lack of preparation reflected his lack of enthusiasm for the statute he was defending.
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433:. Garner's former boyfriend had called the police, claiming that there was a man with a weapon in the apartment. Sheriff's deputies said they found the men engaging in sexual intercourse. Lawrence and Garner were charged with a
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The judgment does not recognize a constitutional right to certain sexual activities such as prostitution, bestiality, and incest, due to other metrics, such as the perceived inherent harm that these activities
1657:. Because any substantive due process decision is 'demonstrably erroneous' ... we have a duty to 'correct the error' established in those precedents." The three cases Thomas mentioned concerned contraception (
1593:, the article banning sodomy. Nevertheless, it twice upheld prosecutions under that article when applied as necessary to preserve good order and discipline in the armed forces. Article 125 was repealed by the
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He continued: "Let me be clear that I have nothing against homosexuals, or any other group, promoting their agenda through normal democratic means." The majority's "invention of a brand-new 'constitutional
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Whether the petitioners' criminal convictions for adult consensual sexual intimacy in their home violate their vital interests in liberty and privacy protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth
196:
Whether the petitioners' criminal convictions for adult consensual sexual intimacy in their home violate their vital interests in liberty and privacy protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth
1773:
In 2000, Robert Eubanks was beaten to death in a case that was never solved. Tyron Garner died of meningitis in 2006, aged 39. John Lawrence died of complications from a heart ailment in 2011, aged 68.
1710:
majority had recognized a full-fledged "fundamental right". He wrote the majority instead applied "an unheard-of form of rational basis review that will have far-reaching implications beyond this case".
6581:
1466:
should pose no serious obstacle to bestiality prosecutions, because such laws "plainly can be upheld on a 'cruelty to animals' justification." Leighann Lassiter, animal cruelty policy director for the
1569:
had not established a right for gay parents to adopt. In an adoption case, the 11th Circuit said, "the involved actors are not only consenting adults, but minors as well...Hence, we conclude that the
1190:
He cited the majority opinion's concern that the criminalization of sodomy could be the basis for discrimination against homosexuals as evidence that the majority ignored the views of most Americans:
673:
On September 17, 1998, John Geddes Lawrence Jr., a gay 55-year-old medical technologist, was hosting two gay acquaintances, Tyron Garner, age 31, and Robert Eubanks, 40, at his apartment in northeast
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418:. It based its ruling on the notions of personal autonomy to define one's own relationships and of American traditions of non-interference with any or all forms of private sexual activities between
5141:
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977:. Combined with the fact that these laws were often unenforced, the Court saw this as constituting a tradition of avoiding interference with private sexual activity between consenting adults.
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1450:
struck down Texas's sex toy ban holding that "morality is an insufficient justification for a statute" and "interests in 'public morality' cannot constitutionally sustain the statute after
731:
To appeal, Lawrence and Garner needed to have their cases tried in Harris County Criminal Court. Their attorneys asked the court to dismiss the charges against them on Fourteenth Amendment
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that a right must be "deeply rooted in the Nation's history", and abortion was considered a crime, a view that some historians argued is incomplete. In the majority opinion, Justice
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nearby vending machine. Apparently outraged that Lawrence had been flirting with Garner, he called police and reported "a black male going crazy with a gun" at Lawrence's apartment.
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1372:(2005), a man convicted of criminal behavior by having an incestuous relationship in Wisconsin appealed his ruling in an attempt to apply the logic of sexual privacy in
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1175:, state laws against bigamy, same-sex marriage, adult incest, prostitution, masturbation, adultery, fornication, bestiality, and obscenity would not prove sustainable.
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has referred to the decision as having "changed the status of homosexual acts and changed a previous ruling of the Supreme Court ... this was a drastic rewrite".
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invalidated similar laws throughout the United States that criminalized sodomy between consenting adults acting in private, whatever the sex of the participants.
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917:
3908:, 473 U.S. 432, 451 (1985) (Stevens, J., concurring): "I have never been persuaded that these so-called 'standards' adequately explain the decisional process."
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to engage in procreative sexual activity, and that long-standing moral antipathy toward homosexual sodomy was enough to argue against the notion of a right to
3156:
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493:, holding that it had viewed the liberty interest too narrowly. The Court held that intimate consensual sexual conduct was part of the liberty protected by
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Justice Thomas wrote in a separate, two-paragraph dissent that the sodomy law the Court struck down was "uncommonly silly", a phrase drawn from Justice
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1249:, commented: "In fact, the decision today ... took what had been a state-by-state matter and pronounced a binding national constitutional principle."
5740:
2816:
2391:"Section 21.06 Was Declared Unconstitutional by Lawrence v. Texas, 123 S.Ct. 2472. Title 5. Offenses Against the Person Chapter 21. Sexual Offenses"
1476:
877:
On June 26, 2003, the Supreme Court issued a 6–3 decision in favor of Lawrence that struck down Texas's statute. Five justices held it violated the
2814:, which asserted that "legislatures are permitted to legislate with regard to morality ... rather than confined to preventing demonstrable harms";
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Illinois in 1961 became the first state to repeal its sodomy law. Laws of Illinois 1961, page 1983, enacted July 28, 1961, effective Jan. 1, 1962.
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3880:. 88:1104. This interpretation is more consistent with the open-ended balancing style that the more liberal justices have consistently advocated.
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only concurred in the judgment and offered a different rationale for invalidating the Texas sodomy statute. She disagreed with the overturning of
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In 1998, John Geddes Lawrence Jr., an older white man, was arrested along with Tyron Garner, a younger black man, at Lawrence's apartment in
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861:, an experienced litigator who had argued eight cases before the Supreme Court, spoke on behalf of the plaintiffs. Texas Attorney General
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Today's opinion is the product of a Court, which is the product of a law-profession culture, that has largely signed on to the so-called
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the attorneys intended to use the case to raise a constitutional challenge, increased it to $ 125 with the agreement of the prosecutor.
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often included heavy fines, prison sentences, or both, with some states, beginning with Illinois in 1827, denying other rights, such as
3884:, 411 U.S. 1, 98 (Marshall, J., dissenting) (showing "disagreement with the Court's rigidified approach to equal protection analysis").
3211:"ACLU Applauds Unanimous Kansas Supreme Court Decision Reversing Conviction of Gay Teen Unfairly Punished under "Romeo and Juliet" Law"
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hearing the next day, they pleaded not guilty to a charge of "homosexual conduct". They were released toward midnight. Eubanks pleaded
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2826:, 352 Md. 663, which held that "a person has no constitutional right to engage in sexual intercourse, at least outside of marriage."
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ruled that same-sex couples have a right to marry. Although deciding the case on the basis of the state constitution, Chief Justice
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3690:"Supreme Court's decision on abortion could open the door to overturn same-sex marriage, contraception and other major rulings"
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the Supreme Court recognized for the first time that couples, at least married couples, had a right to privacy, drawing on the
460:
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218:
The Texas statute making it a crime for two persons of the same sex to engage in certain intimate sexual conduct violates the
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2820:, which upheld the federal statute and regulations banning from military service those who engage in homosexual conduct;
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sex, race, color, creed, or national origin. J. Harvey Hudson dissented. The Court of Appeals decided to review the case
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grounds, claiming that the law was unconstitutional since it prohibited sodomy between same-sex couples, but not between
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463:, which denied his request for appeal. Lawrence then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which agreed to hear his case.
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1641:, wrote, "In future cases, we should reconsider all of this Court's substantive due process precedents, including
912:. The Court ruled that Texas's law prohibiting private homosexual activity between consenting adults violated the
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instead. On November 20, Lawrence and Garner pleaded no contest to the charges and waived their right to a trial.
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briefs submitted in support of their position by representatives of religious and social conservatism, including
453:, which ruled in 2000 that the sodomy law was unconstitutional. Texas appealed to have the court rehear the case
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advocated the repeal of sodomy laws as they applied to private, adult, consensual behavior. Two years later the
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effect, Texas' sodomy law would not pass scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause, regardless of the type of
1036:
824:, a group of history professors, and a group of religious denominations. An op-ed in support by former Senator
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1512:
in its second paragraph: "Our obligation is to define the liberty of all, not to mandate our own moral code."
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475:. The Court, with a five-justice majority, overturned its previous ruling on the same issue in the 1986 case
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On December 2, 2002, the Court agreed to hear the case. Lambda Legal coordinated the submission of sixteen
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Scalia wrote that if the court was not prepared to validate laws based on moral choices as it had done in
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459:, and in 2001 it overturned its prior judgment and upheld the law. Lawrence appealed this decision to the
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593:'s protection of private homes from searches and seizures without a warrant based on probable cause, the
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2998:, "Justices, 6-3, Legalize Gay Sexual Conduct in Sweeping Reversal of Court's '86 Ruling", June 27, 2003
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to charges of filing a false police report. He was sentenced to 30 days in jail but was released early.
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968:) that the Constitution protects a right to privacy and personal autonomy. Next, Kennedy wrote that in
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filed in the U.S. Supreme Court on July 16, 2002, Lambda Legal attorneys asked the Court to consider:
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Raining on the Parade of Horribles: Of Slippery Slopes, Faux Slopes, and Justice Scalia's Dissent in
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523:
482:
426:
131:
8128:
7738:
7540:
4526:
4337:
4286:
2822:
8144:
8096:
8040:
7976:
7968:
7901:
7818:
7778:
7754:
7417:
7361:
7305:
7297:
6934:
6814:
6798:
6675:
6455:
6439:
6133:
6017:
5622:
5526:
5481:
5381:
5108:
5028:
4914:
4823:
4665:
4569:
4261:
2170:
1805:
955:
603:
287:
4511:
4398:
115:
8205:
8024:
8016:
7842:
7802:
7687:
7556:
7548:
7516:
7433:
7257:
7209:
7185:
7153:
7074:
7018:
7010:
6862:
6758:
6573:
6242:
6157:
6086:
5997:
5271:
4733:
4506:
4319:
4228:
4211:
4109:
3975:
3955:
3485:
3213:. American Civil Liberties Union of Kansas and Western Missouri. October 21, 2005. Archived from
3036:
2987:
2277:
2195:
2091:
1245:
913:
878:
790:
619:
526:, and set the stage for further reconsideration of standing law, including the landmark cases of
498:
477:
395:
375:
224:
219:
202:
7770:
3373:
3110:
1515:
Aside from Massachusetts, other state case law had been quite explicit in limiting the scope of
4004:
3998:
3663:
3633:
3598:"Custody Rights of Lesbian and Gay Parents Redux: The Irrelevance of Constitutional Principles"
2876:
was strong reason to reaffirm it." He continued: "Today, however, the widespread opposition to
2422:
2416:
2096:
8340:
8332:
8285:
8008:
7882:
7596:
7353:
7193:
7177:
7128:
7114:
7090:
6846:
6830:
6790:
6718:
6659:
6359:
6202:
6149:
6041:
5952:
5887:
4975:
4909:
4717:
4702:
4629:
4624:
4564:
4248:
4061:
4038:
4030:
4018:
4008:
3950:
3576:
2796:
2436:
2426:
2327:
2296:
2249:
Chris Geidner, "John Geddes Lawrence, of Lawrence v. Texas, Has Died at 68", December 23, 2011
2041:
2035:
1434:
1183:
943:
543:
411:
251:
243:
4531:
7588:
7564:
7145:
6894:
6870:
6734:
6141:
6109:
6057:
5566:
4986:
4707:
4536:
4496:
4328:
4220:
4101:
3476:
3298:
3096:
3062:
3050:
3010:
2994:
1811:
1620:
1395:
1271:
1240:
1144:(1992). Scalia also criticized the majority opinion for failing to give the same respect to
1027:
920:. The Court did not describe private sexual activity as a fundamental right requiring the "
843:
732:
565:
407:
403:
3837:
2872:
meant the preservation of judicially invented abortion rights, the widespread criticism of
1633:
responded to the dissent opinion's concerns, saying that the ruling would not affect other
7002:
6742:
6611:
6165:
6125:
6049:
4894:
4152:
3491:
3237:
3091:
2493:
2255:
1876:
1703:
1674:
1638:
1292:
1126:
that might now need to be reconsidered. He noted that the same rationale used to overturn
1115:
987:
jurisprudential foundation had been weakened by two subsequent cases involving sexuality (
921:
909:
847:
719:
litigating the case convinced Lawrence and Garner not to contest the charges and to plead
704:
442:
283:
271:
102:
5013; 71 U.S.L.W. 4574; 2003 Cal. Daily Op. Service 5559; 2003 Daily Journal DAR 7036; 16
2952:
2860:, he wrote, "do not bother to distinguish—or indeed, even bother to mention—the paean to
2856:
was of the utmost importance because of the divisive nature of the case. The majority in
601:'s assurance that rights not specified in the Constitution are "retained by the people".
4310:
2929:
1743:
upheld a state law barring adoption of children by homosexuals, holding explicitly that
1534:
In the first successful federal court challenge to a state same-sex marriage ban, Judge
834:
on the morning scheduled for oral argument. The attorneys for Texas did not control the
739:
couples. They also asserted a right to privacy and that the Supreme Court's decision in
8152:
7984:
7730:
7695:
7572:
7082:
6838:
6750:
6519:
6025:
5882:
5178:
5121:
4864:
4849:
4649:
4202:
4165:
4053:
3994:
3031:
2502:
2412:
2377:
2207:
2182:
1947:
1670:
1354:
1340:
1257:
1231:
1213:
1156:
1104:
995:
817:
644:
582:
486:
415:
295:
263:
2122:
1871:
1619:
and removed the federal protection of the right to abortion, on the grounds that the "
1048:
564:
As of 1960, every state had an anti-sodomy law. In 1961, the American Law Institute's
69:
8361:
7874:
7265:
7137:
6806:
6774:
6702:
6565:
6471:
6319:
6234:
5798:
4968:
4757:
4634:
4584:
4444:
4191:
2355:
2350:
1818:
1683:
1535:
1368:
1235:
1146:
858:
854:
800:
607:(1972) expanded the scope of sexual privacy rights to unmarried persons. In 1973, in
5049:
4133:
3531:
2894:
1585:, the last court of appeals for courts-martial before the Supreme Court, ruled that
1573:
decision cannot be extrapolated to create a right to adopt for homosexual persons."
1154:. O'Connor's concurrence noted that Scalia's dissent conceded that if cases such as
8160:
7524:
6710:
6065:
5928:
4889:
4745:
4670:
4240:
3188:
3034:(2004). "Lawrence v. Texas: The 'Fundamental Right' That Dare Not Speak Its Name".
2692:
1888:
1852:
1702:
Justice Scalia and others have noted that the majority did not appear to apply the
1630:
865:, then a candidate for the U.S. Senate, refused to have his office argue the case.
736:
716:
514:
446:
275:
8418:
United States Supreme Court decisions that overrule a prior Supreme Court decision
1343:
laws that differed based on the relative sexes of the partners. The day after the
924:" standard of judicial review, but rather focused on why its previous decision in
83:
7410:
Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville
4346:
7034:
6311:
6226:
6098:
4579:
4127:: An Analysis of Content, Tone, and Frames in National and Local News Reporting"
2268:
1835:
1678:
1609:
1287:
1060:
964:
862:
839:
695:
636:
624:
609:
519:
434:
222:. Court of Appeals for the Fourteenth District of Texas reversed and remanded.
7580:
5303:
4599:
4281:
2297:"Tyron Garner, 39, Plaintiff in Pivotal Sodomy Case, Dies", September 14, 2006
1840:
772:
720:
554:
468:
156:
99:
8246:
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
4065:
4022:
3255:
2778:
2440:
1561:
could not be used to legalize "sex with children". Nonetheless, in 2004, the
3055:"Ask Jay: Today's Question: Do homosexuals now have protected-class status?"
1352:
Court unanimously reversed the lower court's ruling on October 21, 2005, in
804:
briefs to complement their own brief. Submitting organizations included the
95:
3214:
1446:
upheld Alabama's ban on the sale of sex toys. Facing comparable facts, the
1347:
decision, the Supreme Court ordered the State of Kansas to review its 1999
1318:, released a statement that the Supreme Court decision was to be deplored.
908:
Five justices formed the majority and joined an opinion written by Justice
4771:
4373:
3782:"The Supreme Court's draft opinion on overturning Roe v. Wade, annotated"
3717:"The Supreme Court's draft opinion on overturning Roe v. Wade, annotated"
2697:
A Court Divided: The Rehnquist Court and the Future of Constitutional Law
558:
7490:
Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
2880:, a decision resolving an issue as 'intensely divisive' as the issue in
445:
and received a fine. Assisted by the American civil rights organization
4232:
4113:
3920:
Lofton v. Secretary of the Department of Children & Family Services
3465:
https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2018/01/17/16-15927.pdf
2805:
2801:
754:
678:
455:
419:
7458:
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
7314:
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
3481:"Supreme Court Paved Way for Marriage Ruling With Sodomy Law Decision"
3838:"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U. S. ____ (2022)"
1736:
Lofton v. Secretary of the Department of Children and Family Services
691:
640:
4224:
4105:
3415:"What Activists Are Doing to Fight the Rampant Growth of Bestiality"
3183:. Sodomy Laws: Gay & Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest.
6376:
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists
4381:
4364:
2498:"Extreme Makeover: The story behind the story of Lawrence v. Texas"
2097:
Supreme Court Strikes Down Texas Law Banning Sodomy", June 26, 2003
1984:
1982:
1980:
4594:
4245:
I Dissent: Great Opposing Opinions in Landmark Supreme Court Cases
1091:
896:
430:
58:
3085:"Gays, Lesbians Praise Decision Others Compare It to Roe v. Wade"
4413:
3389:"This Kansas Farm Is Making Headlines—for All the Wrong Reasons"
1519:
and upholding state bans on same-sex marriage regulations. (See
8320:
8191:
6981:
6582:
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
6084:
5995:
5956:
5053:
4417:
1122:, pointing out many decisions from lower courts that relied on
581:(1965), the Supreme Court struck down a law barring the use of
33:
6636:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
3280:
1403:
ruled the state's fornication law unconstitutional relying on
1303:, an organization recognized as an anti-gay hate group by the
935:
went against its statements in cases involving child-rearing (
901:
Justice Anthony Kennedy, the author of the Court's opinion in
572:(ACLU) took its first major case in opposition to these laws.
180:, 2003 WL 22453791, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 9191 (Tex. App. 2003)
5142:
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
1204:", he wrote, showed it was "impatient of democratic change".
546:
as a fundamental right under the United States Constitution.
5857:
History of violence against LGBT people in the United States
5817:
U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions
2037:
Chicago Whispers: A History of LGBT Chicago Before Stonewall
2907:
For a critique of this argument, see Ruth E. Sternglantz, "
1623:" does not extend to that of abortion on the criteria from
1118:
joined. Scalia objected to the Court's decision to revisit
4193:
The Sodomy Cases: Bowers v. Hardwick and Lawrence v. Texas
3951:"Tyron Garner, 39, Plaintiff in Pivotal Sodomy Case, Dies"
3751:"The Supreme Court's Argument For Overturning Roe v. Wade"
3181:"Imprisoned Teen Challenges Kansas 'Romeo and Juliet' Law"
2243:
John Geddes Lawrence, August 2, 1943 – November 20, 2011.
1669:). respectively. The joint dissenting opinion of Justices
597:'s guarantee of due process of law in the states, and the
8270:
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
6174:
O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co.
3971:"John Lawrence, Plaintiff in Gay Rights Case, Dies at 68"
2273:"John Lawrence, Plaintiff in Gay Rights Case, Dies at 68"
2110:
The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States: Illinois
694:
statute, the "Homosexual Conduct" law, made it a Class C
8413:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
7067:
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
5187:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
4060:(5th ed.). Eagan, Minnesota: West Thomson/Reuters.
3558:"Lofton v. Secretary of Dept. of Children, 358 F.3d 804"
3152:"Conference President Criticizes Supreme Court Decision"
2308:
Robert Royce Eubanks, July 22, 1958 – October 14, 2000.
973:
homosexual acts, contrary to the Court's conclusions in
485:
statute and did not find a constitutional protection of
8388:
Discrimination against LGBT people in the United States
6480:
Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc.
4209:: The Fundamental Right That Dare Not Speak Its Name".
4058:
Treatise on Constitutional Law: Substance and Procedure
3926:
United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
3100:. National/Foreign p. A28. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
1741:
United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
1595:
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014
1150:
that three of those in the majority had insisted on in
7162:
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
1521:
Standhardt v. Superior Court ex rel County of Maricopa
449:, Lawrence and Garner appealed their sentences to the
8433:
Right to privacy under the United States Constitution
7226:
United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education
6368:
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
5908:
Disney and Florida's Parental Rights in Education Act
4100:(7). The Michigan Law Review Association: 1464–1527.
3536:
Legal Information Institute (LII) www.law.cornell.edu
2376:
Though Eubanks' report was false, it gave the police
1824:
8057:
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
7122:
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
6448:
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
4219:(6). The Harvard Law Review Association: 1893–1955.
2884:, is offered as a reason in favor of overruling it."
2123:"ACLU and the History of LGBT Rights & HIV/AIDS"
1801:
List of sex-related court cases in the United States
1755:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
1706:
standard of review that would be appropriate if the
1055:, argued the statute was unconstitutional under the
7945:
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co.
7928:
7893:
7714:
7679:
7500:
6994:
6686:
6506:
6293:
6192:
6097:
5870:
5839:
5822:
Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state
5807:
5650:
5606:
5583:
5565:
5302:
5239:
5094:
5087:
4942:
4933:
4905:
Phil Johnson Historic Archives and Research Library
4842:
4794:
4726:
4658:
4557:
4550:
4489:
4458:
4451:
4267:
Lawrence v. Texas: An Historic Human Rights Victory
3660:
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
3630:
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
2864:coauthored by three Members of today's majority in
1583:
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
1462:Joanna Grossman wrote soon after the decision that
351:
341:
330:
319:
308:
303:
232:
212:
184:
173:
126:
121:
111:
75:
65:
52:
45:
26:
7605:Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney
7474:Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action
6328:Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth
4190:
3744:
3742:
3556:11th Circuit Court of Appeals (January 28, 2004).
3490:
3374:"GLAPN.org: The Consequences of Lawrence v. Texas"
3111:"Gay Republicans Feel Heat from the Foley Scandal"
1380:declined to extend the right of privacy stated in
1022:Kennedy reviewed the assumption the court made in
7242:Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
6919:Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
4157:"Extreme Makeover: The Story Behind the Story of
4003:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp.
2421:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp.
512:The case attracted much public attention, and 33
368:This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings
8121:City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc.
7330:Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
4995:Gay Student Services v. Texas A&M University
4000:Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence v. Texas
2418:Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence v. Texas
2149:"Opinion of the Court (Griswold v. Connecticut)"
1932:
1930:
1134:, which some of the Justices in the majority in
16:2003 U.S. Supreme Court case on anti-sodomy laws
7202:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
6727:Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.
3896:, 521 U.S. 702 (1997) (Souter, J., concurring).
3874:Hunter, Nan D. (2004). "Living with Lawrence".
2918:, vol. 153, no. 3 (January 2005), esp. 1118–20.
2006:105 2004–2005; 102 Mich. L. Rev. 1555 2003–2004
1607:On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court overturned
1192:
1180:
1006:
8408:United States substantive due process case law
2040:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 248.
1681:, which criticized the majority for rejecting
1500:A few months later, on November 18, 2003, the
398:in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws
8278:Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs
7629:Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County
7386:Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell
7234:Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
7027:Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
5968:
5862:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
5065:
4429:
3683:
3681:
3277:"Virginia Strikes Down State Fornication Law"
931:First, the Court stated that its decision in
918:Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
503:Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
315:, joined by Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer
8:
6496:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
6400:Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
6283:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
5724:State bans on local anti-discrimination laws
3157:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
2761:
2745:
2323:"Gay group takes Houston case to high court"
1988:
1733:differently on the question of scrutiny. In
1616:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
1602:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
1548:banning same-sex marriage unconstitutional.
1312:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
8081:Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia
7993:Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
6620:Will v. Michigan Department of State Police
4035:Constitutional Law: Principles and Policies
3581:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3441:"Table of State Animal Sexual Assault Laws"
2733:
2721:
2069:"Homosexual To Fight Denial of Car License"
2016:Supreme Court of the United States (n.d.).
1971:
1959:
532:(2013), which invalidated Section 3 of the
8317:
8188:
7346:Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education
6991:
6978:
6879:Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
6094:
6081:
5992:
5975:
5961:
5953:
5654:
5290:Presidential Memorandum of August 25, 2017
5100:
5091:
5072:
5058:
5050:
4939:
4655:
4554:
4455:
4436:
4422:
4414:
4247:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 211–220.
4037:(5th ed.). New York: Wolters Kluwer.
3882:San Antonio Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Rodriquez
3812:"The Dobbs v. Jackson Decision, Annotated"
1637:cases. In his concurring opinion, Justice
1538:cited Scalia's dissent in his decision in
522:were filed. Its outcome was celebrated by
23:
8383:American Civil Liberties Union litigation
8105:New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer
7637:Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
6652:Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee
4814:Marriage of Billie Ert and Antonio Molina
3749:Thomson-DeVeaux, Amelia (June 24, 2022).
3134:"18 Anti-Gay Groups and Their Propaganda"
1687:and overruling precedents dating back to
406:. The Court reaffirmed the concept of a "
57:John Geddes Lawrence and Tyron Garner v.
7338:Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1
5741:Florida Parental Rights in Education Act
5147:Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
3906:City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr.
2817:Holmes v. California Army National Guard
2779:"HUDOC – European Court of Human Rights"
1477:Michigan State University College of Law
1047:
8398:United States equal protection case law
8049:Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
7918:Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward
6783:Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur
6384:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
6251:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
5266:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
5256:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
3349:Williams v. Attorney General of Alabama
3275:Grossmann, Johanna (January 25, 2005).
1926:
1906:
1831:
1301:Americans for Truth about Homosexuality
1291:of the homosexual issue", according to
7290:Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver
5211:G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board
4920:Transgender Education Network of Texas
4809:Lutheran High School North controversy
3574:
3179:Sealey, Geraldine (January 17, 2003).
2086:
2084:
1565:quoted this sentence when saying that
6644:City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams
5898:Arnold Schwarzenegger and LGBT rights
4517:Houston Gay and Lesbian Film Festival
2916:University of Pennsylvania Law Review
1017:, 539 U.S. at 578 (citation omitted).
21:2003 United States Supreme Court case
7:
7370:Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education
6511:Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes
4885:Lesbian Health Initiative of Houston
4860:Dallas Metropolitan Community Church
4394:Official oral arguments (Transcript)
3445:Animal Legal & Historical Center
3361:Reliable Consultants, Inc., v. Earle
2291:July 10, 1967 – September 11, 2006.
1502:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
1096:Opening page of Scalia's dissent in
1030:of 1957, and a 1981 decision of the
627:'s majority opinion emphasized that
8137:Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools
7953:Quaker City Cab Co. v. Commonwealth
7378:City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
6488:June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo
6464:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
6275:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
5847:LGBT movements in the United States
3938:Witt v. Department of the Air Force
3596:Polikoff, Nancy D. (May 20, 2013).
3302:. February 21, 2007. Archived from
3083:Robertson, Tatsha (June 27, 2003).
3059:American Center for Law and Justice
1750:Witt v. Department of the Air Force
1600:
1468:Humane Society of the United States
1276:American Center for Law and Justice
410:" that earlier cases had found the
8443:Decriminalization of homosexuality
8403:United States LGBT rights case law
7910:Arlington County Board v. Richards
7835:Examining Board v. Flores de Otero
7613:Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co.
7099:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
5984:United States Fourteenth Amendment
5903:LGBT protests against Donald Trump
5852:LGBTQ history in the United States
4804:1977 Houston Anita Bryant protests
3761:from the original on June 25, 2022
3696:from the original on June 24, 2022
3109:Shapiro, Ari. (October 13, 2006).
2321:Christian, Carol (July 16, 2002).
1747:did not apply strict scrutiny. In
1527:, 821 N.E.2d 15 (Ind. App. 2005);
1043:
814:American Public Health Association
766:Consideration by the Supreme Court
647:, writing in dissent, argued that
39:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
8438:United States Supreme Court cases
8254:Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents
7795:Takahashi v. Fish and Game Comm'n
5081:LGBTQ rights in the United States
4925:Transgender Foundation of America
4620:Neon Boots Dancehall & Saloon
4306:558 (2003) is available from:
4121:Haider-Markel, Donald P. (2003).
1523:, 77 P.3d 451 (Ariz. App. 2003);
1444:Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals
1130:could have been used to overturn
747:A three-judge panel of the Texas
362:Tex. Penal Code § 21.06(a) (2003)
8073:Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas
7482:Fisher v. University of Texas II
6943:Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co.
5935:
5934:
5922:
5827:Sodomy laws in the United States
4280:
3924:, 358 F.3d 804 (
3792:from the original on May 5, 2022
3727:from the original on May 5, 2022
3688:Sneed, Tierney (June 24, 2022).
3387:Kevany, Sophie (July 19, 2021).
3351:, 378 F.3d 1232 (11th Cir. 2004)
3227:280 Kan. 275, 122 P.3d 22 (2005)
2699:(NY: W.W. Norton, 2005), 169–170
2349:Levinson, Sanford (March 2012).
1882:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1834:
1796:LGBT rights in the United States
1791:Sodomy laws in the United States
1591:Uniform Code of Military Justice
32:
7787:Ohio ex rel. Clark v. Deckebach
7466:Fisher v. University of Texas I
6823:Moore v. City of East Cleveland
6668:Los Angeles County v. Humphries
6182:West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
5279:DoD Directive 1304.26
5015:James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Act
5008:In re Marriage of J.B. and H.B.
4880:Houston LGBTQ+ Political Caucus
4765:The Nuntius & Our Community
4399:Reading of opinion (Transcript)
4178:A lengthy review of Carpenter,
3294:"Privacy Ruled Out In Sex Case"
1264:"may well be remembered as the
760:Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
660:engaging in anal and oral sex.
481:, where it upheld a challenged
461:Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
416:it is not explicitly enumerated
8428:United States privacy case law
8378:2003 in United States case law
7653:J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B.
4950:Recognition of same-sex unions
4382:The Invasion of Sexual Privacy
3363:, 517 F.3d 738 (5th Cir. 2008)
3123:. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
2804:'s prohibition on the sale of
2127:American Civil Liberties Union
1714:Nan D. Hunter has argued that
1589:applies to Article 125 of the
1419:rejected an argument based on
1032:European Court of Human Rights
810:American Psychological Society
715:The gay rights advocates from
570:American Civil Liberties Union
402:between consenting adults are
1:
7322:Dayton Bd. of Ed. v. Brinkman
6527:McNeese v. Board of Education
6034:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
5878:Congressional Equality Caucus
4875:Houston GLBT Community Center
4870:Gulf Coast Archive and Museum
4834:Walt Whitman Community School
4409:Reading of opinion (MP3 file)
4197:. University Press of Kansas.
3613:358 F.3d 804 (11th Cir. 2004)
2299:, accessed September 14, 2006
1695:Level of scrutiny applied in
1563:11th Circuit Court of Appeals
1411:Teacher-student relationships
1270:of gay and lesbian America".
999:), and that the reasoning of
846:. Several, including that of
669:Arrest of Lawrence and Garner
337:, joined by Rehnquist, Thomas
7051:Hirabayashi v. United States
6903:DeShaney v. Winnebago County
6855:Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co.
6596:Owen v. City of Independence
6211:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
5002:Houston, Texas Proposition 1
4693:Bishop Arts District, Dallas
3780:Blake, Aaron (May 3, 2022).
3715:Blake, Aaron (May 3, 2022).
3011:"Interview With Ruth Harlow"
2393:. Statutes.legis.state.tx.us
1297:Culture and Family Institute
938:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
555:Legal punishments for sodomy
390:, 539 U.S. 558 (2003), is a
7937:United States v. Cruikshank
7107:Brown v. Board of Education
6408:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
6259:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
4829:Village Station police raid
4752:Gay Men's Chorus of Houston
3530:Blokhina Gilkis, Krystyna.
3413:Kim, Eddie (June 4, 2018).
3138:Southern Poverty Law Center
2866:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
2712:, 189–191, 214–216, 234–247
2310:Social Security Death Index
1305:Southern Poverty Law Center
1267:Brown v. Board of Education
1141:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
990:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
980:Lastly, Kennedy noted that
749:Fourteenth Court of Appeals
8464:
7059:Korematsu v. United States
5229:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
5152:Violence Against Women Act
4374:Oyez (oral argument audio)
2762:Nowak & Rotunda (2012)
2746:Nowak & Rotunda (2012)
1989:Nowak & Rotunda (2012)
1665:), and same-sex marriage (
1546:California's Proposition 8
1407:and the right to privacy.
489:. It explicitly overruled
8327:
8316:
8262:United States v. Morrison
8200:
8187:
7669:United States v. Skrmetti
7661:United States v. Virginia
7274:Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson
6990:
6977:
6695:Jacobson v. Massachusetts
6628:Gonzaga University v. Doe
6093:
6080:
6004:
5991:
5916:
5736:Anti-LGBT curriculum laws
5714:Employment discrimination
5657:
5281:("Don't ask, don't tell")
5103:
4740:Bayou City Women's Chorus
4404:Oral arguments (MP3 file)
2380:to enter Lawrence's home.
1552:Same-sex adoptive parents
1417:Connecticut Supreme Court
1401:Supreme Court of Virginia
652:couples any differently.
542:(2015), which recognized
518:("friends of the court")
373:
366:
356:
237:
217:
189:
31:
8294:United States v. Georgia
8238:City of Boerne v. Flores
7402:United States v. Fordice
6959:Williams v. Pennsylvania
6927:Washington v. Glucksberg
5628:Northern Mariana Islands
5223:Respect for Marriage Act
5158:United States v. Windsor
4819:Murder of Paul Broussard
4610:Just Marion & Lynn's
4522:Houston Gay Pride Parade
4081:Carpenter, Dale (2003).
3894:Washington v. Glucksberg
3283:. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
3000:, accessed July 16, 2012
2951:Thomas (June 26, 2003).
2254:January 9, 2012, at the
2099:, accessed July 16, 2012
1722:Washington v. Glucksberg
1626:Washington v. Glucksberg
1253:constitutional rights."
1037:Dudgeon v United Kingdom
806:American Bar Association
529:United States v. Windsor
8302:Shelby County v. Holder
7867:Cabell v. Chavez-Salido
7723:Patsone v. Pennsylvania
6984:Equal Protection Clause
6911:Michael H. v. Gerald D.
6304:United States v. Vuitch
6219:Griswold v. Connecticut
5672:Conversion therapy bans
5285:Defense of Marriage Act
5251:Immigration Act of 1917
4981:Defense of Marriage Act
4778:Regal Crest Enterprises
4676:Montrose Mining Company
3515:Perry v. Schwarzenegger
3439:Wisch, Rebecca (2017).
2003:Geo. Mason U. C.R. L.J.
1729:Lower courts have read
1635:substantive due process
1541:Perry v. Schwarzenegger
1219:Griswold v. Connecticut
1207:
1107:wrote a dissent, which
1087:
1057:Equal Protection Clause
950:Griswold v. Connecticut
887:Equal Protection Clause
885:, held it violated the
831:The Wall Street Journal
711:Prosecution and appeals
585:by married couples. In
578:Griswold v. Connecticut
534:Defense of Marriage Act
495:substantive due process
451:Texas Courts of Appeals
134:Criminal Court (1999),
8169:Armour v. Indianapolis
7533:Moritz v. Commissioner
6589:Procunier v. Navarette
6507:Civil rights liability
6295:Abortion jurisprudence
5682:Housing discrimination
2258:, accessed May 9, 2012
2032:de la Croix, St. Sukie
1577:United States military
1496:Same-sex marriage bans
1470:, notes, however, the
1349:"Romeo and Juliet" law
1310:Then president of the
1197:
1188:
1100:
1068:
1044:O'Connor's concurrence
1020:
905:
635:had only recognized a
414:provides, even though
358:U.S. Const. amend. XIV
150:349 (Tex. App. 2001),
130:Defendants convicted,
8448:LGBT history in Texas
8222:Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer
8065:Richardson v. Ramirez
8033:Boddie v. Connecticut
7621:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
7450:Johnson v. California
7170:McLaughlin v. Florida
6558:O'Connor v. Donaldson
6118:Allgeyer v. Louisiana
6010:Slaughter-House Cases
5893:LGBT people in prison
5768:Domestic partnerships
5748:Public accommodations
5261:Executive Order 10450
5218:Executive Order 13988
5165:Executive Order 13672
5129:Executive Order 13087
5116:Executive Order 12968
4713:Pink Dolphin Monument
4262:Wilkes Jr., Donald E.
4083:"The Unknown Past of
3959:. September 15, 2006.
3479:(November 19, 2003).
3121:National Public Radio
3116:All Things Considered
2849:Scalia noted that in
2764:, §18.28(b), quoting
2748:, §18.28(b), quoting
2271:(December 23, 2011).
1763:intermediate scrutiny
1166:rational basis review
1095:
1079:—she had been in the
1051:
900:
822:Log Cabin Republicans
142:2000) (depublished),
104:Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S
94:123 S. Ct. 2472; 156
48:Decided June 26, 2003
46:Argued March 26, 2003
8423:Harris County, Texas
8368:2003 in LGBT history
8214:Katzenbach v. Morgan
7961:Breedlove v. Suttles
7811:Graham v. Richardson
7704:Obergefell v. Hodges
7509:Breedlove v. Suttles
7442:Grutter v. Bollinger
7282:Jefferson v. Hackney
6951:Obergefell v. Hodges
6887:Edwards v. Aguillard
6767:Epperson v. Arkansas
6604:Harlow v. Fitzgerald
6539:Jenkins v. McKeithen
6432:Mazurek v. Armstrong
6392:Hodgson v. Minnesota
6352:Bellotti v. Baird II
6344:Colautti v. Franklin
6099:Economic substantive
5753:Religious exemptions
5575:District of Columbia
5199:Harris Funeral Homes
5171:Obergefell v. Hodges
4783:Turtle Creek Chorale
4590:EJ's Bar & Grill
4542:Tarrant County Pride
4502:Bunnies on the Bayou
4187:Richards, David A.J.
3979:. December 23, 2011.
3877:Minnesota Law Review
3656:"U. S. v. Stirewalt"
3306:on February 23, 2007
3217:on October 29, 2005.
3191:on December 12, 2008
3013:. CNN. June 26, 2003
2724:, §10.4, pp. 881–82.
2220:Eisenstadt v. Baird,
1896:Notes and references
1785:Obergefell v. Hodges
1531:(7 NY3d 338 2005).)
1112:William H. Rehnquist
1063:and would have kept
893:Opinion of the Court
867:Charles A. Rosenthal
794:should be overruled.
725:Justice of the Peace
675:Harris County, Texas
595:Fourteenth Amendment
539:Obergefell v. Hodges
524:gay rights advocates
400:criminalizing sodomy
206:should be overruled.
8145:Gregory v. Ashcroft
8113:Mills v. Habluetzel
8097:Zablocki v. Redhail
8041:Eisenstadt v. Baird
7977:Oyama v. California
7969:Skinner v. Oklahoma
7902:Shapiro v. Thompson
7819:Sugarman v. Dougall
7763:Porterfield v. Webb
7755:Terrace v. Thompson
7418:Missouri v. Jenkins
7362:Hunter v. Underwood
7306:Milliken v. Bradley
7298:Norwood v. Harrison
7250:McDaniel v. Barresi
6935:Troxel v. Granville
6815:Mathews v. Eldridge
6799:Taylor v. Louisiana
6676:Connick v. Thompson
6456:Gonzales v. Carhart
6440:Stenberg v. Carhart
6424:Lambert v. Wicklund
6336:Bellotti v. Baird I
6134:Lochner v. New York
6018:Minor v. Happersett
5638:U.S. Virgin Islands
5109:One, Inc. v. Olesen
5037:Texas Proposition 2
5029:Littleton v. Prange
4915:Transgender Archive
4824:Rainbow Lounge raid
4570:Brazos River Bottom
4388:Original case links
4356:Library of Congress
4123:"Media Coverage of
4094:Michigan Law Review
3786:The Washington Post
3721:The Washington Post
3532:"Lawrence v. Texas"
3256:"State v. Allen M."
2953:"Lawrence V. Texas"
2930:"Lawrence V. Texas"
2895:"Lawrence v. Texas"
2171:Eisenstadt v. Baird
2077:. November 2, 1972.
2018:"Docket No. 02-102"
1806:2003 in LGBT rights
1475:Historical Center (
1428:Adult entertainment
1332:Age of consent laws
1234:'s press secretary
1073:Sandra Day O'Connor
956:Eisenstadt v. Baird
883:Sandra Day O'Connor
857:on March 26, 2003,
655:By the time of the
604:Eisenstadt v. Baird
288:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
260:Sandra Day O'Connor
185:Questions presented
178:Complaint dismissed
8206:Civil Rights Cases
8194:Enforcement Clause
8025:Oregon v. Mitchell
8017:Williams v. Rhodes
7843:Nyquist v. Mauclet
7803:Hernandez v. Texas
7688:Bowers v. Hardwick
7680:Sexual orientation
7557:Stanton v. Stanton
7549:Geduldig v. Aiello
7517:Goesaert v. Cleary
7434:Gratz v. Bollinger
7258:Palmer v. Thompson
7210:Hunter v. Erickson
7186:Loving v. Virginia
7154:Anderson v. Martin
7075:Shelley v. Kraemer
7019:Plessy v. Ferguson
7011:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
6863:Kolender v. Lawson
6759:Loving v. Virginia
6574:Imbler v. Pachtman
6551:Wood v. Strickland
6416:Leavitt v. Jane L.
6243:Bowers v. Hardwick
6158:Buchanan v. Warley
6087:Due Process Clause
5998:Citizenship Clause
5787:Transgender rights
5707:Sexual orientation
5272:Bowers v. Hardwick
4734:The A-List: Dallas
4605:JR's Bar and Grill
4507:Dallas Black Pride
4212:Harvard Law Review
4203:Tribe, Laurence H.
4155:(March 12, 2012).
4054:Rotunda, Ronald D.
4031:Chemerinsky, Erwin
3976:The New York Times
3956:The New York Times
3865:, 539 U.S. at 586.
3816:The New York Times
3518:Page 63 item 21 c
3486:The New York Times
3090:2013-03-19 at the
3065:on October 1, 2004
3037:Harvard Law Review
3032:Tribe, Laurence H.
2988:The New York Times
2783:hudoc.echr.coe.int
2768:, 539 U.S. at 566.
2752:, 539 U.S. at 568.
2734:Chemerinsky (2015)
2722:Chemerinsky (2015)
2496:(March 12, 2012).
2278:The New York Times
2234:, 478 U.S. at 219.
2232:Bowers v. Hardwick
2196:Bowers v. Hardwick
2092:The New York Times
1972:Chemerinsky (2015)
1960:Chemerinsky (2015)
1529:Hernandez v Robles
1525:Morrison v. Sadler
1281:The end result of
1246:The New York Times
1101:
1069:
947:), contraception (
926:Bowers v. Hardwick
914:Due Process Clause
906:
879:Due Process Clause
791:Bowers v. Hardwick
770:In a petition for
741:Bowers v. Hardwick
620:Bowers v. Hardwick
499:Due Process Clause
478:Bowers v. Hardwick
396:U.S. Supreme Court
376:Bowers v. Hardwick
248:Associate Justices
225:Bowers v. Hardwick
220:Due Process Clause
203:Bowers v. Hardwick
154:(Tex. App. 2002),
138:, 2000 WL 729417 (
8355:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8341:Trump v. Anderson
8333:Gold Clause Cases
8312:
8311:
8286:Tennessee v. Lane
8183:
8182:
8179:
8178:
8089:Trimble v. Gordon
8009:Levy v. Louisiana
8001:Rinaldi v. Yeager
7883:Bernal v. Fainter
7859:Ambach v. Norwick
7851:Foley v. Connelie
7747:Crane v. New York
7645:Lehr v. Robertson
7597:Caban v. Mohammed
7354:Palmore v. Sidoti
7194:Lee v. Washington
7178:Reitman v. Mulkey
7129:Gebhart v. Belton
7115:Briggs v. Elliott
7091:Sweatt v. Painter
6973:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6847:Parratt v. Taylor
6831:Duren v. Missouri
6791:Arnett v. Kennedy
6719:Powell v. Alabama
6660:Ashcroft v. Iqbal
6545:Scheuer v. Rhodes
6360:H. L. v. Matheson
6267:Lawrence v. Texas
6203:Meyer v. Nebraska
6150:Coppage v. Kansas
6076:
6075:
6042:Perez v. Brownell
5950:
5949:
5888:Save Our Children
5835:
5834:
5646:
5645:
5298:
5297:
5135:Lawrence v. Texas
5047:
5046:
5021:Lawrence v. Texas
4976:Dallas Principles
4963:
4962:
4955:Same-sex marriage
4910:Queer Liberaction
4855:Cathedral of Hope
4790:
4789:
4718:Westbury, Houston
4703:Montrose, Houston
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4630:The Pink Elephant
4615:Michael's Outpost
4471:Dallas–Fort Worth
4296:Lawrence v. Texas
4288:Lawrence v. Texas
4285:Works related to
4254:978-0-8070-0036-6
4207:Lawrence v. Texas
4159:Lawrence v. Texas
4125:Lawrence v. Texas
4085:Lawrence v. Texas
4044:978-1-4548-4947-6
4014:978-0-393-06208-3
3863:Lawrence v. Texas
3626:"U. S. v. Marcum"
3477:Greenhouse, Linda
3326:"Jud.state.ce.us"
3053:(July 26, 2004).
3051:Sekulow, Jay Alan
2955:. Law.cornell.edu
2932:. Law.cornell.edu
2911:Lawrence V. Texas
2797:Williams v. Pryor
2736:, §10.4, pp. 882.
2432:978-0-393-06208-3
2328:Houston Chronicle
2151:. Law.cornell.edu
1937:Lawrence v. Texas
1506:Margaret Marshall
1464:Lawrence v. Texas
1435:Williams v. Pryor
1362:Consensual incest
1283:Lawrence v. Texas
1260:has written that
1184:homosexual agenda
1098:Lawrence v. Texas
944:Meyer v. Nebraska
903:Lawrence v. Texas
881:, while a sixth,
544:same-sex marriage
412:U.S. Constitution
387:Lawrence v. Texas
383:
382:
244:William Rehnquist
27:Lawrence v. Texas
8455:
8318:
8230:Dellmuth v. Muth
8189:
7589:Parham v. Hughes
7565:Edwards v. Healy
7394:Freeman v. Pitts
7149:(M.D. Ala. 1956)
7146:Browder v. Gayle
6992:
6979:
6895:Turner v. Safley
6871:Hudson v. Palmer
6735:NAACP v. Alabama
6194:Right to privacy
6142:Muller v. Oregon
6110:Mugler v. Kansas
6095:
6082:
6058:Rogers v. Bellei
5993:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5954:
5938:
5937:
5929:LGBTQ portal
5927:
5926:
5925:
5655:
5567:Federal district
5203:Altitude Express
5101:
5092:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5051:
4987:De Leon v. Perry
4940:
4900:Oak Lawn Library
4708:Oak Lawn, Dallas
4656:
4555:
4537:QueerBomb Dallas
4497:Black Tie Dinner
4456:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4415:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4309:
4284:
4258:
4236:
4198:
4196:
4180:Flagrant Conduct
4177:
4175:
4173:
4153:Lithwick, Dahlia
4148:
4146:
4144:
4139:on June 27, 2008
4138:
4132:. Archived from
4131:
4117:
4091:
4069:
4052:Nowak, John E.;
4048:
4026:
3981:
3980:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3662:. Archived from
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3636:on April 7, 2010
3632:. Archived from
3622:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3580:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3527:
3521:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3495:on March 7, 2016
3494:
3489:. Archived from
3473:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3299:Hartford Courant
3290:
3284:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3187:. Archived from
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3130:
3124:
3107:
3101:
3097:The Boston Globe
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3061:. Archived from
3047:
3041:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:Linda Greenhouse
2984:
2978:
2975:Flagrant Conduct
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2925:
2919:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2885:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2775:
2769:
2759:
2753:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2710:Flagrant Conduct
2706:
2700:
2690:
2684:
2681:Flagrant Conduct
2677:
2671:
2668:Flagrant Conduct
2664:
2658:
2655:Flagrant Conduct
2651:
2645:
2642:Flagrant Conduct
2638:
2632:
2629:Flagrant Conduct
2625:
2619:
2616:Flagrant Conduct
2612:
2606:
2603:Flagrant Conduct
2599:
2593:
2590:Flagrant Conduct
2586:
2580:
2577:Flagrant Conduct
2573:
2567:
2564:Flagrant Conduct
2560:
2554:
2551:Flagrant Conduct
2547:
2541:
2538:Flagrant Conduct
2534:
2528:
2525:Flagrant Conduct
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2494:Lithwick, Dahlia
2490:
2484:
2481:Flagrant Conduct
2477:
2471:
2468:Flagrant Conduct
2464:
2458:
2455:Flagrant Conduct
2451:
2445:
2444:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2265:
2259:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2222:405 U.S. at 453.
2217:
2211:
2192:
2186:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2129:. March 26, 2006
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2007:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1975:
1974:, §10.4, p. 882.
1969:
1963:
1962:, §10.4, p. 881.
1957:
1951:
1934:
1915:
1911:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1812:Dobbs v. Jackson
1621:right to privacy
1396:Martin v. Ziherl
1322:Subsequent cases
1272:Jay Alan Sekulow
1241:Linda Greenhouse
1208:Thomas's dissent
1203:
1088:Scalia's dissent
1053:Justice O'Connor
1034:in Case 7525/76
1028:Wolfenden Report
1018:
986:
962:, and abortion (
961:
928:had been wrong.
844:Robert P. George
840:Jay Alan Sekulow
733:equal protection
591:Fourth Amendment
566:Model Penal Code
408:right to privacy
404:unconstitutional
394:decision of the
233:Court membership
169:1044 (2002).
36:
35:
24:
8463:
8462:
8458:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8453:
8452:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8347:
8323:
8308:
8196:
8175:
7924:
7889:
7827:In re Griffiths
7771:Webb v. O'Brien
7710:
7675:
7496:
7426:Texas v. Lesage
7218:Hadnott v. Amos
7003:Pace v. Alabama
6986:
6965:
6743:Hoyt v. Florida
6682:
6612:Felder v. Casey
6508:
6502:
6289:
6188:
6166:Adams v. Tanner
6126:Holden v. Hardy
6100:
6089:
6072:
6050:Afroyim v. Rusk
6000:
5987:
5981:
5951:
5946:
5923:
5921:
5912:
5866:
5831:
5809:
5803:
5773:by municipality
5758:Same-sex unions
5719:by municipality
5687:Intersex rights
5642:
5609:
5602:
5579:
5561:
5294:
5243:
5241:
5235:
5083:
5078:
5048:
5043:
4959:
4929:
4895:Montrose Center
4838:
4786:
4722:
4680:
4654:
4546:
4485:
4447:
4442:
4390:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4307:
4277:
4255:
4239:
4225:10.2307/4093306
4201:
4185:
4171:
4169:
4151:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4120:
4106:10.2307/4141912
4089:
4080:
4077:
4075:Further reading
4072:
4051:
4045:
4029:
4015:
3995:Carpenter, Dale
3993:
3989:
3984:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3940:, No. 06-35644.
3936:
3932:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3873:
3869:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3818:. June 24, 2022
3810:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3755:FiveThirtyEight
3748:
3747:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3666:on May 25, 2010
3654:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3606:
3604:
3602:UCLA Law Review
3595:
3594:
3590:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3238:"Muth v. Frank"
3236:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3160:. June 23, 2003
3150:
3149:
3145:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3108:
3104:
3092:Wayback Machine
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2985:
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2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2811:Milner v. Apfel
2800:, which upheld
2794:
2790:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2760:
2756:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2703:
2691:
2687:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2661:
2652:
2648:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2622:
2613:
2609:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2448:
2433:
2413:Carpenter, Dale
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2290:
2286:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2256:Wayback Machine
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2193:
2189:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2089:
2082:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1833:
1825:
1780:
1771:
1704:strict scrutiny
1700:
1675:Sonia Sotomayor
1639:Clarence Thomas
1605:
1579:
1554:
1498:
1485:
1460:
1432:Upon rehearing
1430:
1413:
1391:
1378:Seventh Circuit
1364:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1293:Peter LaBarbera
1228:
1210:
1201:
1178:He wrote that:
1116:Clarence Thomas
1090:
1046:
1019:
1013:
984:
959:
922:strict scrutiny
910:Anthony Kennedy
895:
875:
848:Liberty Counsel
768:
713:
671:
666:
599:Ninth Amendment
552:
441:; both pleaded
439:anti-sodomy law
369:
361:
286:
284:Clarence Thomas
274:
272:Anthony Kennedy
262:
252:John P. Stevens
107:
47:
41:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8461:
8459:
8451:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8360:
8359:
8353:
8352:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8337:
8328:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8314:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8306:
8298:
8290:
8282:
8274:
8266:
8258:
8250:
8242:
8234:
8226:
8218:
8210:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8192:
8185:
8184:
8181:
8180:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8173:
8165:
8157:
8153:Vacco v. Quill
8149:
8141:
8133:
8129:Clark v. Jeter
8125:
8117:
8109:
8101:
8093:
8085:
8077:
8069:
8061:
8053:
8045:
8037:
8029:
8021:
8013:
8005:
7997:
7989:
7985:Oyler v. Boles
7981:
7973:
7965:
7957:
7949:
7941:
7932:
7930:
7926:
7925:
7923:
7922:
7914:
7906:
7897:
7895:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7879:
7871:
7863:
7855:
7847:
7839:
7831:
7823:
7815:
7807:
7799:
7791:
7783:
7775:
7767:
7759:
7751:
7743:
7739:Heim v. McCall
7735:
7731:Truax v. Raich
7727:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7700:
7696:Romer v. Evans
7692:
7683:
7681:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7665:
7657:
7649:
7641:
7633:
7625:
7617:
7609:
7601:
7593:
7585:
7577:
7573:Craig v. Boren
7569:
7561:
7553:
7545:
7541:Kahn v. Shevin
7537:
7529:
7521:
7513:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7494:
7486:
7478:
7470:
7462:
7454:
7446:
7438:
7430:
7422:
7414:
7406:
7398:
7390:
7382:
7374:
7366:
7358:
7350:
7342:
7334:
7326:
7318:
7310:
7302:
7294:
7286:
7278:
7270:
7262:
7254:
7246:
7238:
7230:
7222:
7214:
7206:
7198:
7190:
7182:
7174:
7166:
7158:
7150:
7142:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7125:
7118:
7103:
7095:
7087:
7083:Perez v. Sharp
7079:
7071:
7063:
7055:
7047:
7043:Smith v. Texas
7039:
7031:
7023:
7015:
7007:
6998:
6996:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6955:
6947:
6939:
6931:
6923:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6891:
6883:
6875:
6867:
6859:
6851:
6843:
6839:Parham v. J.R.
6835:
6827:
6819:
6811:
6803:
6795:
6787:
6779:
6771:
6763:
6755:
6751:Oyler v. Boles
6747:
6739:
6731:
6723:
6715:
6707:
6699:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6672:
6664:
6656:
6648:
6640:
6632:
6624:
6616:
6608:
6600:
6592:
6586:
6578:
6570:
6562:
6554:
6548:
6542:
6536:
6533:Pierson v. Ray
6530:
6524:
6520:Monroe v. Pape
6515:
6513:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6492:
6484:
6476:
6468:
6460:
6452:
6444:
6436:
6428:
6420:
6412:
6404:
6396:
6388:
6380:
6372:
6364:
6356:
6348:
6340:
6332:
6324:
6316:
6308:
6299:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6263:
6255:
6247:
6239:
6231:
6223:
6215:
6207:
6198:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6178:
6170:
6162:
6154:
6146:
6138:
6130:
6122:
6114:
6105:
6103:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6062:
6054:
6046:
6038:
6030:
6026:Elk v. Wilkins
6022:
6014:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5989:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5957:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5932:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5883:Lavender Scare
5880:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5765:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5733:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5667:Age of consent
5664:
5658:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5618:American Samoa
5614:
5612:
5608:Unincorporated
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5598:Indian Country
5595:
5589:
5587:
5585:Tribal nations
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5507:South Carolina
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5472:North Carolina
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5247:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5207:
5191:
5183:
5179:Pavan v. Smith
5175:
5167:
5162:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5131:
5126:
5122:Romer v. Evans
5118:
5113:
5104:
5098:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5054:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5012:
5004:
4999:
4991:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4944:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4865:Equality Texas
4862:
4857:
4852:
4850:Atticus Circle
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4749:
4742:
4737:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4625:Oilcan Harry's
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4527:Houston Splash
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4338:Google Scholar
4292:
4276:
4275:External links
4273:
4272:
4271:
4259:
4253:
4237:
4199:
4183:
4166:The New Yorker
4149:
4118:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4049:
4043:
4027:
4013:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3962:
3942:
3930:
3910:
3898:
3886:
3867:
3855:
3844:. May 16, 2021
3829:
3803:
3772:
3738:
3707:
3677:
3647:
3617:
3588:
3548:
3522:
3506:
3468:
3457:
3431:
3405:
3393:Sentient Media
3379:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3317:
3285:
3268:
3247:
3229:
3220:
3202:
3171:
3143:
3125:
3102:
3076:
3042:
3040:. 117:1894–95.
3024:
3002:
2979:
2966:
2943:
2920:
2900:
2886:
2868:. There, when
2842:
2828:
2823:Owens v. State
2788:
2770:
2754:
2738:
2726:
2714:
2701:
2685:
2672:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2503:The New Yorker
2485:
2472:
2459:
2446:
2431:
2404:
2382:
2378:probable cause
2369:
2351:"The Gay Case"
2341:
2313:
2301:
2293:New York Times
2284:
2260:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2187:
2162:
2140:
2114:
2101:
2080:
2060:
2046:
2023:
2008:
1993:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1843:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1699:
1693:
1671:Stephen Breyer
1604:
1599:
1578:
1575:
1553:
1550:
1497:
1494:
1484:
1481:
1459:
1456:
1429:
1426:
1412:
1409:
1390:
1387:
1363:
1360:
1355:State v. Limon
1341:age of consent
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Sexual privacy
1325:
1323:
1320:
1316:Wilton Gregory
1285:was "like the
1258:Laurence Tribe
1232:George W. Bush
1227:
1224:
1216:'s dissent in
1214:Potter Stewart
1209:
1206:
1157:Romer v. Evans
1138:had upheld in
1105:Antonin Scalia
1089:
1086:
1045:
1042:
1011:
996:Romer v. Evans
894:
891:
874:
871:
818:Cato Institute
796:
795:
786:
782:
767:
764:
712:
709:
677:, east of the
670:
667:
665:
662:
583:contraceptives
551:
548:
487:sexual privacy
381:
380:
371:
370:
367:
364:
363:
354:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
338:
332:
328:
327:
321:
317:
316:
310:
306:
305:
301:
300:
299:
298:
296:Stephen Breyer
264:Antonin Scalia
249:
246:
241:
235:
234:
230:
229:
215:
214:
210:
209:
208:
207:
198:
194:
187:
186:
182:
181:
175:
171:
170:
128:
124:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
93:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
54:
53:Full case name
50:
49:
43:
42:
37:
29:
28:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8460:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8393:LGBT in Texas
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8373:2003 in Texas
8371:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8343:
8342:
8338:
8335:
8334:
8330:
8329:
8326:
8319:
8315:
8304:
8303:
8299:
8296:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8283:
8280:
8279:
8275:
8272:
8271:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8259:
8256:
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8232:
8231:
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8224:
8223:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8211:
8208:
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8199:
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8166:
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8150:
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8142:
8139:
8138:
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8130:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8118:
8115:
8114:
8110:
8107:
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8102:
8099:
8098:
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8090:
8086:
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8082:
8078:
8075:
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8070:
8067:
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8062:
8059:
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8054:
8051:
8050:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8038:
8035:
8034:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8006:
8003:
8002:
7998:
7995:
7994:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7958:
7955:
7954:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7942:
7939:
7938:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7927:
7920:
7919:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7875:Plyler v. Doe
7872:
7869:
7868:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7832:
7829:
7828:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7808:
7805:
7804:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7779:Frick v. Webb
7776:
7773:
7772:
7768:
7765:
7764:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7744:
7741:
7740:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7728:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7706:
7705:
7701:
7698:
7697:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7671:
7670:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7650:
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7646:
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7639:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7607:
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7602:
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7554:
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7511:
7510:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7499:
7492:
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7487:
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7483:
7479:
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7475:
7471:
7468:
7467:
7463:
7460:
7459:
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7444:
7443:
7439:
7436:
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7431:
7428:
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7423:
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7419:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7266:Coit v. Green
7263:
7260:
7259:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7138:Lucy v. Adams
7135:
7131:
7130:
7126:
7124:
7123:
7119:
7117:
7116:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6980:
6976:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6807:Goss v. Lopez
6804:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6775:In re Winship
6772:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6703:Zucht v. King
6700:
6697:
6696:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:Paul v. Davis
6563:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6505:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6472:Azar v. Garza
6469:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6320:Doe v. Bolton
6317:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6235:Doe v. Bolton
6232:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6083:
6079:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5994:
5990:
5985:
5978:
5973:
5971:
5966:
5964:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5943:
5942:
5933:
5931:
5930:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5806:
5800:
5799:Bathroom bill
5797:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5649:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5605:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5593:Navajo Nation
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5547:West Virginia
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5452:New Hampshire
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Massachusetts
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5238:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5070:
5068:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:Baker v. Wade
4966:
4965:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:Organizations
4841:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4758:Houston Voice
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:ReBar Houston
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4585:Eagle Houston
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
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859:Paul M. Smith
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116:Oral argument
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8161:Bush v. Gore
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7525:Reed v. Reed
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6797:
6789:
6781:
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6757:
6749:
6741:
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6725:
6717:
6711:Buck v. Bell
6709:
6701:
6693:
6674:
6666:
6658:
6650:
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6618:
6610:
6602:
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6201:
6180:
6172:
6164:
6156:
6148:
6140:
6132:
6124:
6116:
6108:
6066:Saenz v. Roe
6064:
6056:
6048:
6040:
6032:
6024:
6016:
6008:
5939:
5920:
5763:Civil unions
5512:South Dakota
5502:Rhode Island
5497:Pennsylvania
5477:North Dakota
5275: (1986)
5270:
5244:federal laws
5227:
5209:
5206: (2020)
5193:
5190: (2018)
5185:
5182: (2016)
5177:
5174: (2015)
5169:
5161: (2013)
5156:
5138: (2003)
5134:
5133:
5125: (1996)
5120:
5112: (1958)
5107:
5035:
5027:
5020:
5019:
5006:
4993:
4985:
4967:
4890:LGBTQ Aggies
4770:
4763:
4756:
4746:Dallas Voice
4744:
4732:
4512:Dallas Pride
4295:
4287:
4266:
4244:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4192:
4179:
4170:. Retrieved
4164:
4158:
4141:. Retrieved
4134:the original
4124:
4097:
4093:
4084:
4057:
4034:
3999:
3974:
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3905:
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3893:
3889:
3881:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3841:
3832:
3820:. Retrieved
3815:
3806:
3794:. Retrieved
3785:
3775:
3763:. Retrieved
3754:
3729:. Retrieved
3720:
3710:
3698:. Retrieved
3668:. Retrieved
3664:the original
3650:
3638:. Retrieved
3634:the original
3620:
3612:
3605:. Retrieved
3601:
3591:
3565:. Retrieved
3562:casetext.com
3561:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3535:
3525:
3513:
3509:
3497:. Retrieved
3492:the original
3484:
3471:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3444:
3434:
3422:. Retrieved
3419:MEL Magazine
3418:
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3392:
3382:
3368:
3360:
3356:
3348:
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3320:
3310:December 14,
3308:. Retrieved
3304:the original
3297:
3288:
3271:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3215:the original
3205:
3195:December 14,
3193:. Retrieved
3189:the original
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3155:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3114:
3105:
3095:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3063:the original
3045:
3035:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3005:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2923:
2915:
2910:
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2791:
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2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2729:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2693:Mark Tushnet
2688:
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2667:
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2589:
2584:
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2571:
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2537:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2501:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2417:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2385:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2354:
2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2326:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2287:
2276:
2269:Liptak, Adam
2263:
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2227:
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2215:
2194:
2190:
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2036:
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2001:
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1936:
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6312:Roe v. Wade
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6101:due process
5808:Repealed or
5731:Immigration
5697:Transgender
5677:Hate crimes
5633:Puerto Rico
5610:territories
5427:Mississippi
5342:Connecticut
5240:Repealed or
4650:Sue Ellen's
4645:South Beach
4580:Chances Bar
4575:Briar Patch
4481:San Antonio
3987:Works cited
3928: 2004).
3607:December 1,
3567:December 1,
3541:December 1,
3164:January 10,
2973:Carpenter,
2708:Carpenter,
2679:Carpenter,
2666:Carpenter,
2653:Carpenter,
2640:Carpenter,
2627:Carpenter,
2614:Carpenter,
2601:Carpenter,
2588:Carpenter,
2575:Carpenter,
2562:Carpenter,
2549:Carpenter,
2536:Carpenter,
2523:Carpenter,
2479:Carpenter,
2466:Carpenter,
2453:Carpenter,
2245:MetroWeekly
2210: (1986)
2185: (1972)
2053:January 29,
1950: (2003)
1679:Elena Kagan
1661:), sodomy (
1610:Roe v. Wade
1544:that found
1389:Fornication
1288:Roe v. Wade
1168:" applied.
1132:Roe v. Wade
1061:due process
1004:activity.
965:Roe v. Wade
863:John Cornyn
696:misdemeanor
625:Byron White
610:Roe v. Wade
435:misdemeanor
320:Concurrence
8362:Categories
7581:Orr v. Orr
5810:overturned
5542:Washington
5462:New Mexico
5457:New Jersey
5332:California
5242:overturned
4600:Guava Lamp
4365:OpenJurist
3259:Retrieved
2592:, 173, 175
1769:Plaintiffs
1757:held that
1667:Obergefell
1654:Obergefell
1613:(1973) in
1458:Bestiality
1256:Professor
1230:President
785:Amendment;
773:certiorari
721:no contest
705:no contest
649:Eisenstadt
643:. Justice
629:Eisenstadt
550:Background
497:under the
469:U.S. state
443:no contest
420:consenting
228:overruled.
197:Amendment;
174:Subsequent
100:U.S. LEXIS
98:508; 2003
66:Docket no.
7894:Residency
5840:Movements
5552:Wisconsin
5517:Tennessee
5422:Minnesota
5397:Louisiana
5088:By entity
4698:Hyde Park
4205:(2003). "
4066:798148265
4023:761383909
3499:April 14,
2683:, 214–216
2670:, 211 ff.
2657:, 203–206
2631:, 198–200
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2362:April 23,
2334:April 23,
1922:Citations
1226:Reactions
587:Griswold,
473:territory
140:Tex. App.
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7715:Alienage
5986:case law
5941:Category
5780:Marriage
5702:Intersex
5692:Military
5662:Adoption
5537:Virginia
5487:Oklahoma
5467:New York
5442:Nebraska
5432:Missouri
5417:Michigan
5407:Maryland
5392:Kentucky
5372:Illinois
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3848:June 27,
3822:June 27,
3796:June 28,
3790:Archived
3765:June 26,
3759:Archived
3731:June 28,
3725:Archived
3700:June 24,
3694:Archived
3577:cite web
3398:June 27,
3185:ABC News
3088:Archived
2928:Scalia.
2858:Lawrence
2836:reliance
2806:sex toys
2766:Lawrence
2750:Lawrence
2579:, 167–70
2509:March 9,
2415:(2012).
2252:Archived
2034:(2012).
1877:Politics
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1761:applied
1759:Lawrence
1745:Lawrence
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1071:Justice
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645:Blackmun
559:suffrage
507:Lawrence
422:adults.
392:landmark
324:O'Connor
309:Majority
200:Whether
112:Argument
7110:(1954)
5871:Related
5651:By type
5557:Wyoming
5532:Vermont
5437:Montana
5377:Indiana
5357:Georgia
5352:Florida
5322:Arizona
5312:Alabama
5195:Bostock
5096:Federal
4796:History
4640:Ripcord
4532:QCinema
4476:Houston
4459:By city
4452:Culture
4329:Findlaw
4311:Cornell
4233:4093306
4114:4141912
3692:. CNN.
3242:FindLaw
2802:Alabama
2618:, 184–5
2605:, 177–9
2566:, 162–6
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1827:Portals
1508:quoted
1295:of the
1274:of the
1067:intact.
916:of the
755:en banc
679:Houston
664:History
501:of the
483:Georgia
456:en banc
342:Dissent
331:Dissent
313:Kennedy
213:Holding
159:granted
8344:(2024)
8336:(1935)
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2644:, 200
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4304:U.S.
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4174:2012
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4009:ISBN
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3642:2010
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2180:U.S.
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