1507:
42:
1211:. The alveolar approximant realization is particularly associated with an Indigenous substrate and it is quite common in Andean regions, especially in inland Ecuador, Peru, most of Bolivia and in parts of northern Argentina and Paraguay. That phonetic is also heard in Costa Rica, except pronounced as .
596:
Pronunciation varies from country to country and from region to region, just as
English pronunciation varies from one place to another. In general terms, the speech of the Americas shows many common features akin to southern Spanish variants, especially to western Andalusia (Seville, Cádiz) and the
1266:
to
Belizean dialect and Colombian dialect of Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina (in the case of the latter three, it is not exclusive to Colombians whose ancestors traced back to Spanish period before British invasion, under British territorial rule, and recovery of Spanish
551:
and
Spanish spoken elsewhere, such as in Africa and Asia. There is great diversity among the various Latin American vernaculars, and there are no traits shared by all of them which are not also in existence in one or more of the variants of Spanish used in Spain. A Latin American "standard" does,
794:
have left their mark on
Hispanic American Spanish, a fact which is particularly evident in vocabulary to do with flora, fauna and cultural habits. Nevertheless, European Spanish has also absorbed numerous words of Amerindian origin, although for historical reasons, the vast majority of these are
588:, and each word sounds foreign in the region where it is not used. Some differences are due to Iberian Spanish having a stronger French influence than Latin America, where, for geopolitical reasons, the United States influence has been predominant throughout the twentieth century.
579:
directly from
English are relatively more frequent, and often foreign spellings are left intact. One notable trend is the higher abundance of loan words taken from English in Latin America as well as words derived from English. The Latin American Spanish word for "computer" is
601:. Coastal language vernaculars throughout Hispanic America show particularly strong similarities to Atlantic-Andalusian speech patterns while inland regions in Mexico and Andean countries are not similar to any particular dialect in Spain.
786:
As mentioned, Anglicisms are far more common in
Hispanic America than in Spain, due to the stronger and more direct US influence. Anglicisms in Chile and Argentina are even very common mostly because of the influence of British settlers
669:. Andalusia's and the Canary Islands' predominant position in the conquest and subsequent immigration to Hispanic America from Spain is thought to be the reason for the absence of this distinction in most American Spanish dialects.
2426:
1215:
4787:
1952:
1059:
in
Caribbean and other coastal language vernaculars, as well as in all of Colombia and southern Mexico, as in much of southern Spain. In other American dialects, the sound is closer to
4635:
1920:
1481:: most of Mexico, Colombia (except for coastal dialects) and Argentina (except for some northern regions). Elsewhere, velarization is common, although alveolar word-final
526:
389:
4988:
5022:
4541:
4501:
1848:
4850:
4835:
4792:
4767:
1945:
5027:
2612:
4711:
4716:
1497:
is also frequent in Spain, especially in southern
Spanish dialects (Andalusia and the Canary Islands) and in the Northwest: Galicia, Asturias and León.
5098:
1221:
4706:
4840:
4701:
4579:
1938:
481:
4630:
519:
3063:
4640:
2114:
1899:
1741:
1530:
689:
4645:
4574:
791:
4918:
4884:
4879:
4584:
2737:
2625:
1315:
1297:
1237:
1128:
334:
84:
4691:
4676:
4855:
4534:
948:
908:
868:
694:
112:
4696:
4686:
4681:
4650:
4604:
4599:
3852:
2167:
1874:
1792:
512:
1169:. This happens at a reduced level in Ecuador and Chile as well. It is a feature brought from Extremadura and westernmost Andalusia.
4777:
4740:
4625:
896:
714:
3200:
2805:
2605:
1030:
801:-derived words with Latinate doublets are common in Hispanic American Spanish, being influenced by Andalusian Spanish, such as
616:
93:
5034:
4589:
4000:
3901:
2133:
1961:
825:
457:
195:
743:; some inland Colombian Spanish (particularly Antioquia) and Andean regions of Peru and Bolivia also have an apico-alveolar
552:
however, vary from the
Castilian "standard" register used in television and notably the dubbing industry. Of the more than
5010:
4527:
3808:
3486:
1800:
1166:
888:
140:
5000:
4946:
4828:
4823:
3935:
3338:
2328:
1698:
967:
746:
730:
706:
683:
652:
1837:
4983:
4655:
4376:
3814:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2712:
1766:
1253:
1198:
1117:
1078:
1054:
1038:
975:
768:
and its conjugations are known and seen occasionally in writing or oratory, especially in formal, ritualized contexts.
624:
547:
are distinct from each other as well as from those varieties spoken in the
Iberian peninsula, collectively known as
4903:
4891:
4782:
4609:
4594:
4097:
3669:
3104:
2662:
2598:
1190:
1185:
848:
738:
675:
632:
3596:
4978:
4963:
4913:
4908:
3684:
3205:
3046:
3013:
2761:
2690:
2672:
2655:
2650:
2640:
1206:
1109:
1090:
1070:
1062:
756:
575:
There are numerous regional particularities and idiomatic expressions within Spanish. In Latin American Spanish,
152:
4928:
4845:
4660:
4559:
4389:
4293:
3166:
2893:
2841:
2056:
1564:
1067:, and often firmly strong (rough) in Peruvian Spanish dialect. Very often, especially in Argentina and Chile,
1048:
961:
239:
3757:
5049:
3302:
3183:
3156:
3032:
2978:
2685:
2645:
1449:(bread) is often articulated . To an English-speaker, those speakers that have a velar nasal for word-final
1366:
1358:
462:
184:
157:
1426:
which feature the soft, fricative realizations common to all other Hispanic American and European dialects.
5072:
4973:
4968:
4953:
4896:
4811:
4475:
3871:
3691:
3109:
3055:
2707:
2106:
1645:
1519:
1084:
3775:
3188:
1002:
4941:
4507:
4452:
4258:
4253:
3906:
3884:
3703:
3526:
2995:
2951:
2898:
1985:
1751:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1452:
1432:
1392:
1286:
1245:
1229:
1160:
1136:
495:
274:
4171:
3139:
1473:
is so widespread in the Americas that it is easier to mention those regions that maintain an alveolar
5077:
4457:
4241:
4231:
3847:
3820:
3746:
3654:
3606:
3405:
3333:
3285:
3279:
3242:
3225:
2722:
2150:
2041:
1628:
1540:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1450:
1438:
1430:
1416:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1313:
1295:
1284:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1158:
1134:
1126:
1115:
1107:
1088:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1036:
1028:
973:
965:
946:
906:
894:
886:
866:
846:
744:
736:
728:
712:
704:
692:
681:
673:
650:
630:
622:
614:
341:
169:
107:
1506:
845:. However realization varies greatly from region to region. Chileans pronounce these 2 graphemes as
4205:
3942:
3834:
3802:
3796:
3638:
3417:
3377:
3343:
3247:
3171:
3114:
2935:
2342:
2215:
2145:
2069:
2046:
1844:
1705:
1633:
1575:
1545:
1388:
1006:
874:
700:
500:
346:
299:
254:
179:
130:
79:
3313:
4936:
4447:
4176:
4032:
3990:
3956:
3950:
3840:
3783:
3740:
3723:
3461:
3454:
3348:
3290:
3095:
3078:
3019:
2875:
2863:
2742:
2680:
2386:
2377:
2360:
2303:
2248:
2242:
2096:
2084:
2074:
2036:
1990:
1930:
1746:
1722:
1688:
1683:
1623:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1492:
1489:
can appear among some educated speakers, especially in the media or in singing. Velar word-final
1440:
938:
821:. In this sense Hispanic American Spanish is closer to the dialects spoken in the south of Spain.
548:
371:
356:
329:
319:
314:
309:
304:
279:
269:
204:
164:
4225:
3353:
2717:
1415:—rather than the , , , , of Spain and the rest of Spanish America. A notable exception is the
779:
found in a good deal of Spain, with this feature only being found commonly in the highlands of
4772:
4404:
4383:
4303:
4263:
4246:
4122:
4050:
4044:
3968:
3860:
3770:
3711:
3623:
3581:
3382:
3328:
3215:
3193:
3134:
3119:
3090:
3073:
2983:
2946:
2915:
2903:
2822:
2810:
2727:
2702:
2696:
2621:
2396:
2355:
2309:
2276:
2209:
2139:
2119:
2031:
2018:
1727:
1715:
1710:
1678:
1618:
1607:
1550:
1535:
1420:
1384:
1352:
662:
366:
264:
249:
234:
214:
72:
67:
49:
4357:
4347:
4332:
4320:
4236:
4185:
4149:
4127:
4114:
4108:
4082:
4037:
4026:
3930:
3895:
3879:
3728:
3716:
3649:
3613:
3601:
3569:
3494:
3466:
3439:
3269:
3264:
3252:
3232:
3220:
3161:
3068:
3025:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2920:
2851:
2835:
2732:
2474:
2442:
2391:
2322:
2185:
2175:
2079:
2064:
1980:
1965:
1809:
1756:
1693:
1661:
1651:
1585:
1570:
1345:
1259:
998:
985:
854:
598:
569:
540:
361:
324:
284:
229:
224:
219:
147:
33:
5044:
4441:
4427:
4308:
4210:
4200:
4144:
3995:
3983:
3923:
3918:
3733:
3662:
3644:
3591:
3521:
3478:
3390:
3371:
3323:
3210:
3176:
3129:
3124:
2846:
2778:
2750:
2421:
2262:
2196:
2190:
2157:
1995:
1671:
1666:
1525:
1263:
1165:
in word-final position, it becomes silent, giving Caribbean dialects of Spanish a partial
957:
942:
798:
666:
351:
294:
289:
244:
121:
3444:
1817:
1866:
760:
is not generally used in daily speech in Latin American dialects of Spanish; the formal
4492:
4399:
4394:
4315:
4195:
4157:
3889:
3538:
3449:
3395:
3365:
3257:
2941:
2869:
2815:
2464:
2454:
2180:
1656:
1173:
1010:
862:
437:
209:
41:
17:
5092:
4550:
4434:
4337:
4325:
4057:
3765:
3422:
3360:
2856:
2590:
2579:
2026:
1613:
703:
fricatives. To a Hispanic American, Andalusian or Canary Island Spanish speaker, the
639:
561:
557:
553:
418:
259:
174:
135:
1916:
4216:
4076:
3471:
2515:
2290:
2229:
380:
4132:
3618:
4958:
4278:
4271:
4008:
3574:
3543:
2566:
2480:
1761:
994:
442:
102:
4993:
3556:
3548:
3149:
2908:
2525:
2495:
1332:
In Chile and Costa Rica, consonant cluster can be pronounced , , or , making
472:
1813:
4797:
4352:
4190:
3532:
2827:
2546:
2505:
2488:
990:
858:
490:
467:
447:
3978:
3516:
2412:
853:, for example. However, yeísmo is an expanding and now dominant feature of
833:
774:
688:
with the tip of tongue against the alveolar ridge. Phonetically this is an
409:
404:
394:
4519:
4342:
4137:
3973:
3789:
3237:
3085:
2552:
2402:
1793:"The role of the city in the formation of Spanish American dialect zones"
1771:
1096:
934:
926:
576:
556:
who speak Spanish as their native language, more than 455 million are in
544:
452:
3961:
3826:
3586:
3564:
3504:
3499:
2988:
2973:
2459:
2448:
2090:
1380:
1018:
930:
922:
780:
427:
1271:, whites of British descent, and descendants of mainland Colombians);
4163:
3509:
3432:
3412:
3144:
1268:
826:
List of words having different meanings in Spain and Hispanic America
565:
432:
735:
is not uncommon in some Latin American Spanish dialects which lack
3427:
3400:
1505:
1283:" (scarlet) becomes , aside from , , or . In word-final position,
1014:
914:
857:, particularly in urban speech (Madrid, Toledo) and especially in
645:
399:
918:
672:
Most of Spain, particularly the regions that have a distinctive
4523:
2594:
1934:
1216:
Colombian islands of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
929:
highlands (Santander, Boyacá, Nariño), northern Argentina, all
568:
in 2022. The total amount of native and non-native speakers of
1925:
1445:
in much Latin American Spanish speech; this means a word like
1106:); in other phonological environments it is pronounced either
1867:"Influencias de las lenguas indígenas en el español de Chile"
711:
in Spanish dialects from northern Spain might sound close to
1302:, or elided when followed by a consonant or a pause, as in
1141:
at the end of a syllable sound alike or can be exchanged:
1926:
Latin American Dictionary with variants for every country
1383:
after and sometimes before any consonant in most of
989:("s/he is") sounds like or , as in southern Spain (
5009:
4927:
4868:
4810:
4760:
4753:
4729:
4669:
4618:
4567:
4558:
4468:
4419:
4368:
4292:
4096:
4069:
4018:
3870:
3756:
3702:
3683:
3312:
3301:
3054:
3045:
3006:
2886:
2771:
2760:
2671:
2633:
2538:
2435:
2373:
2166:
2105:
2055:
2017:
2004:
1973:
795:
taken from Nahuatl and various Caribbean languages.
1395:that is characteristic of most other dialects):
649:, lacking a distinction between this phoneme and
47:
2530:(Portuguese-based creole with Spanish influence)
831:Most Hispanic American Spanish usually features
901:. The traditional pronunciation of the digraph
764:is used at all levels of familiarity. However,
1279:" (winter) becomes , aside from , , or , and "
727:. However, this apico-alveolar realization of
4535:
2606:
1946:
1921:Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española
1320:when followed by a vowel-initial word, as in
937:; the Indigenous languages of these regions (
772:
699:, with a weak "hushing" sound reminiscent of
520:
8:
1348:in Chile and native languages of Costa Rica.
873:has not completely disappeared. Speakers of
643:). Conversely, most Hispanic Americans have
4502:languages with more than 5 million speakers
5015:
4872:
4816:
4757:
4733:
4564:
4542:
4528:
4520:
4085:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
3699:
3309:
3051:
2768:
2613:
2599:
2591:
2014:
1953:
1939:
1931:
1838:El español: una lengua viva – Informe 2022
1125:In many Caribbean varieties, the phonemes
754:The second-person familiar plural pronoun
527:
513:
29:
1898:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLipski1994 (
1871:Espéculo - Revista de Estudios Literarios
1832:
1830:
913:is preserved in some dialects along the
572:as of October 2022 exceeds 595 million.
1783:
1275:(verse) becomes , aside from , , or , "
480:
417:
379:
194:
120:
92:
59:
32:
1893:
1344:respectively. This is an influence of
1291:will usually be one of the following:
956:Most speakers of coastal dialects may
661:is also typical of the speech of many
1854:from the original on 3 November 2022.
1742:Spanish language in the United States
1531:Spanish language in the United States
984:
7:
584:, whereas the word used in Spain is
1203:or even as a voiced apico-alveolar
4506:Languages between parentheses are
1791:Lipski, John M. (August 6, 2001).
1424:speech (Atlantic coastal dialects)
837:: there is no distinction between
771:Latin America virtually lacks the
25:
4386:(unknown further classification)
1875:Universidad Complutense de Madrid
690:"apico-alveolar" "grave" sibilant
5099:Spanish language in the Americas
1294:a trill, a tap, an approximant,
805:("bedroom") instead of standard
40:
980:, or drop it entirely, so that
539:The different varieties of the
4510:of the language on their left.
4380:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
817:("jewel") instead of standard
1:
2269:Los Llanos Colombia/Venezuela
1801:Pennsylvania State University
1465:. Velarization of word-final
1267:control, but is also used by
865:, though in some rural areas
4836:Central banks and currencies
1917:Diccionario de americanismos
1262:to Puerto Rican dialect and
1214:In Belize, Puerto Rico, and
1172:In many Andean regions, the
917:range, especially in inland
27:Family of language varieties
4793:Liberalism and conservatism
4377:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
1767:Spanish-language literature
1083:when preceding high vowels
5115:
4788:International peacekeeping
4595:Latin American integration
4079:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
3105:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2899:Central−Southern Calabrian
2559:Coastal Argentina, Uruguay
2427:spoken by Catalan speakers
1643:
1605:
1562:
1517:
1387:dialects (rather than the
1312:a tap, an approximant, or
5068:
5018:
4875:
4819:
4736:
4484:
3634:
2236:Central western Argentina
1087:(these speakers approach
605:Most Spaniards pronounce
3387:North American dialects
2894:Extreme Southern Italian
1814:10.14713/arachne.v2i1.21
1565:Central American Spanish
1005:(except the northeast),
5023:Countries by population
4580:Portuguese colonization
2806:Central−Northern Latian
2316:Colombia-Ecuador border
1865:Correa Mujica, Miguel.
48:
4897:Latin American studies
3110:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1962:Dialects and varieties
1699:Peruvian Coast Spanish
1646:South American Spanish
1520:North American Spanish
1510:
1157:; in the situation of
1095:to the realization of
953:as a distinct phoneme.
813:, and many others and
773:
473:Palenquero or Palenque
468:Chavacano or Chabacano
18:Latin American Spanish
3597:Poitevin–Saintongeais
1752:Equatoguinean Spanish
1644:Further information:
1606:Further information:
1563:Further information:
1518:Further information:
1509:
1340:'work' pronounced as
4851:Water and sanitation
4575:Spanish colonization
3406:St. Marys Bay French
2930:Neapolitan–Calabrese
1896:, pp. 294, 299.
1823:on January 30, 2005.
1629:Puerto Rican Spanish
1541:Sabine River Spanish
1417:Department of Nariño
792:Indigenous languages
46:A manuscript of the
4585:French colonization
3758:Galician–Portuguese
2784:Central Marchigiano
1847:. 31 October 2022.
1845:Instituto Cervantes
1706:Rioplatense Spanish
1634:Trinidadian Spanish
1576:Costa Rican Spanish
1546:New Mexican Spanish
1250:can be realized as
1186:retroflex fricative
875:Rioplatense Spanish
501:Instituto Cervantes
4919:Race and ethnicity
4885:Illegal drug trade
4172:Catalan Ribagorçan
4019:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
3291:Judaeo-Piedmontese
3201:Bustocco–Legnanese
2996:Northern Calabrian
2203:Chiloé Archipelago
1747:Philippine Spanish
1723:Venezuelan Spanish
1689:Paraguayan Spanish
1684:Ecuadorian Spanish
1624:Panamanian Spanish
1596:Salvadoran Spanish
1591:Nicaraguan Spanish
1581:Guatemalan Spanish
1511:
1379:are pronounced as
1309:('paternal love');
1258:, an influence of
1184:is realized as an
1099:⟨ch⟩
903:⟨ll⟩
879:⟨ll⟩
839:⟨ll⟩
721:⟨sh⟩
554:498 million people
549:Peninsular Spanish
5086:
5085:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
4864:
4863:
4856:Wealth inequality
4806:
4805:
4778:Drug legalization
4773:Conservative wave
4749:
4748:
4725:
4724:
4702:League of Nations
4670:Foreign relations
4517:
4516:
4493:extinct languages
4415:
4414:
4092:
4091:
4051:Navarro-Aragonese
3936:Peruvian Ribereño
3861:Judaeo-Portuguese
3776:Galician–Asturian
3679:
3678:
3670:Old Gallo-Romance
3624:Wisconsin Walloon
3041:
3040:
3014:Dalmatian Romance
2622:Romance languages
2588:
2587:
2574:
2560:
2531:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2484:
2418:
2408:
2369:
2368:
2350:
2349:Coastal Argentina
2336:
2317:
2298:
2284:
2270:
2256:
2237:
2223:
2222:Central Argentina
2204:
2129:
1728:Maracucho Spanish
1716:Uruguayan Spanish
1711:Argentine Spanish
1679:Colombian Spanish
1619:Dominican Spanish
1608:Caribbean Spanish
1385:Colombian Spanish
1327:('eternal love').
1242:, syllable-final
1045:⟨j⟩
1025:⟨g⟩
1003:Castile–La Mancha
883:⟨y⟩
843:⟨y⟩
680:phoneme, realize
611:⟨c⟩
607:⟨z⟩
537:
536:
50:Cantar de mio Cid
16:(Redirected from
5106:
5040:Spanish language
5016:
4873:
4817:
4758:
4734:
4600:Great Depression
4565:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4521:
4038:Judaeo-Aragonese
4027:Andalusi Romance
3880:Amazonic Spanish
3717:Western Asturian
3700:
3639:Franco-Provençal
3310:
3206:Comasco–Lecchese
3064:Emilian–Romagnol
3052:
2852:Regional Italian
2842:Italo-Australian
2769:
2691:Megleno-Romanian
2615:
2608:
2601:
2592:
2572:
2558:
2529:
2520:(mixed language)
2519:
2509:
2499:
2478:
2416:
2406:
2348:
2334:
2315:
2296:
2282:
2268:
2254:
2235:
2221:
2202:
2123:
2015:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1816:. Archived from
1797:
1788:
1757:Spanish Filipino
1694:Peruvian Spanish
1662:Bolivian Spanish
1652:Amazonic Spanish
1586:Honduran Spanish
1571:Belizean Spanish
1502:Local variations
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1456:
1444:
1436:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1343:
1341:
1319:
1301:
1290:
1260:American English
1257:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1164:
1140:
1132:
1121:
1113:
1100:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1075:becomes fronter
1074:
1066:
1058:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1026:
988:
979:
971:
952:
921:, the Sierra of
912:
904:
900:
892:
884:
880:
872:
855:European Spanish
852:
844:
840:
778:
750:
742:
734:
722:
718:
710:
698:
687:
679:
667:Canary islanders
656:
636:
628:
620:
612:
608:
541:Spanish language
529:
522:
515:
240:Central American
53:
44:
34:Spanish language
30:
21:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5056:
5045:Latin Americans
5005:
4923:
4860:
4841:Stock exchanges
4802:
4745:
4721:
4665:
4614:
4554:
4548:
4518:
4513:
4480:
4464:
4442:Pannonian Latin
4428:African Romance
4411:
4364:
4295:
4288:
4226:Judeo-Provençal
4099:
4088:
4065:
4014:
3924:Chilean Chilote
3866:
3752:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3675:
3663:Moselle Romance
3630:
3479:Missouri French
3440:Franco-Ontarian
3315:
3304:
3297:
3037:
3002:
2979:Southern Latian
2882:
2847:Maltese Italian
2779:Central Italian
2763:
2756:
2751:Common Romanian
2667:
2651:Italo-Dalmatian
2629:
2619:
2589:
2584:
2573:Central America
2534:
2431:
2375:
2365:
2255:Coastal Ecuador
2162:
2101:
2057:Central America
2051:
2006:
2000:
1974:Africa and Asia
1969:
1959:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1738:
1672:Chilote Spanish
1667:Chilean Spanish
1648:
1642:
1610:
1604:
1567:
1561:
1559:Central America
1551:Chicano Spanish
1526:Mexican Spanish
1522:
1516:
1504:
1264:British English
1098:
1044:
1024:
986:[esˈta]
964:syllable-final
902:
882:
878:
877:pronounce both
842:
838:
720:
610:
606:
594:
533:
463:Roquetas Pidgin
185:irregular verbs
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5112:
5110:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4876:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4737:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4712:United Kingdom
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4590:Decolonization
4587:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553: articles
4549:
4547:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4524:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4504:
4495:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4381:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4300:
4298:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4193:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4166:
4161:
4158:Judaeo-Catalan
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4125:
4117:
4104:
4102:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4080:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3913:Latin American
3909:
3904:
3892:
3890:Judaeo-Spanish
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3812:
3805:
3793:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3708:
3706:
3697:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3385:
3380:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3307:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3033:Judaeo-Italian
3030:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2901:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2775:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2693:
2688:
2686:Istro-Romanian
2683:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2634:Major branches
2631:
2630:
2626:classification
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2485:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2465:Tetuani Ladino
2455:Judaeo-Spanish
2452:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1912:
1911:External links
1909:
1906:
1905:
1886:
1857:
1826:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1657:Andean Spanish
1654:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1536:Isleño Spanish
1528:
1515:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1427:
1349:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1310:
1212:
1174:alveolar trill
1170:
1123:
1022:
1011:Canary Islands
954:
863:Canary Islands
829:
822:
796:
788:
784:
769:
752:
670:
599:Canary Islands
593:
590:
543:spoken in the
535:
534:
532:
531:
524:
517:
509:
506:
505:
504:
503:
498:
493:
485:
484:
478:
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
438:Judaeo-Spanish
435:
430:
422:
421:
419:Interlanguages
415:
414:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
384:
383:
377:
376:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
338:
337:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
199:
198:
192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
182:
172:
167:
162:
161:
160:
155:
145:
144:
143:
133:
125:
124:
118:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
97:
96:
90:
89:
88:
87:
82:
77:
76:
75:
62:
61:
57:
56:
54:, 13th century
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5111:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5035:Ethnic groups
5033:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4718:
4717:United States
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4631:Environmental
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4551:Latin America
4545:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4477:
4476:Proto-Romance
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:Reconstructed
4467:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4435:British Latin
4432:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4254:Vivaro-Alpine
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4060:
4059:
4058:Old Navarrese
4055:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:Equatoguinean
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Frainc-Comtou
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:Judeo-Italian
3155:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:Castelmezzano
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2857:Swiss Italian
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Transylvanian
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:Daco-Romanian
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2646:Italo-Western
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2581:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2417:(Extremadura)
2415:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2168:South America
2165:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:United States
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2107:North America
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:Interamerican
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Equatoguinean
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1640:South America
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Cuban Spanish
1612:
1611:
1609:
1602:The Caribbean
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1514:North America
1513:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1218:, aside from
1217:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:non-rhoticity
1162:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1092:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1040:
1032:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
983:
977:
969:
963:
959:
955:
950:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
910:
898:
890:
876:
870:
864:
860:
856:
850:
836:
835:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
797:
793:
789:
785:
782:
777:
776:
770:
767:
763:
759:
758:
753:
748:
740:
732:
726:
719:like English
716:
708:
702:
696:
691:
685:
677:
671:
668:
664:
660:
654:
648:
647:
642:
641:
634:
626:
618:
604:
603:
602:
600:
592:Main features
591:
589:
587:
583:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
562:United States
559:
558:Latin America
555:
550:
546:
542:
530:
525:
523:
518:
516:
511:
510:
508:
507:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
487:
486:
483:
479:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
423:
420:
416:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
382:
378:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
275:Equatoguinean
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
202:
201:
200:
197:
193:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
127:
126:
123:
119:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
99:
98:
95:
91:
86:
83:
81:
78:
74:
71:
70:
69:
68:Pronunciation
66:
65:
64:
63:
58:
52:
51:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
19:
5039:
5011:Demographics
4605:World War II
4497:
4488:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4375:
4277:
4270:
4232:Languedocien
4224:
4217:Judeo-Gascon
4215:
4156:
4107:
4077:Barranquenho
4056:
4049:
4025:
4007:
3949:
3912:
3911:
3894:
3885:Extremaduran
3859:
3833:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3788:
3745:
3704:Asturleonese
3668:
3661:
3619:West Walloon
3607:Saintongeais
3555:
3531:
3527:Anglo-Norman
3485:
3418:Newfoundland
3378:Jersey Legal
3370:
3278:
3243:Southwestern
3226:Vallassinese
3115:Gallo-Picene
3056:Gallo-Italic
3018:
2934:
2929:
2868:
2834:
2749:
2695:
2565:
2551:
2545:
2524:
2516:Media Lengua
2514:
2504:
2494:
2487:
2473:
2447:
2411:
2401:
2341:
2335:Coastal Peru
2327:
2308:
2297:Paisa Region
2289:
2275:
2261:
2247:
2228:
2214:
2195:
2151:Sabine River
2138:
2125:
2120:
2089:
2042:Puerto Rican
2008:
1968:by continent
1889:
1878:. Retrieved
1870:
1860:
1818:the original
1805:
1799:
1786:
1462:
1458:
1446:
1421:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1321:
1306:
1303:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1181:
1177:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1102:
1047:are usually
981:
832:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
765:
761:
755:
724:
658:
644:
638:
595:
585:
581:
574:
538:
381:Dialectology
342:Puerto Rican
170:Prepositions
5001:Video games
4829:Agroecology
4824:Agriculture
4707:South Korea
4610:Debt crisis
4453:Campidanese
4279:Old Catalan
4272:Old Occitan
4009:Old Spanish
3943:Rioplatense
3747:Old Leonese
3575:Cotentinais
3539:Guernésiais
3462:Frenchville
3455:New England
3334:Bourbonnais
3286:Piedmontese
3280:Old Lombard
3172:Bergamasque
3096:Sammarinese
2481:Para-Romani
2343:Rioplatense
2283:Zulia State
2146:New Mexican
2134:Californian
2070:Costa Rican
2047:Trinidadian
1894:Lipski 1994
1762:Latin Union
1461:sound like
1429:Word-final
1393:approximant
1355:consonants
1336:'four' and
995:Extremadura
958:debuccalize
663:Andalusians
657:. However,
582:computadora
347:Rioplatense
300:New Mexican
255:Costa Rican
180:conjugation
131:Determiners
80:Orthography
4994:Telenovela
4984:Television
4964:Literature
4761:Governance
4646:Literature
4500:indicates
4458:Logudorese
3991:Philippine
3957:Andalusian
3951:Peninsular
3841:Estremenho
3797:Portuguese
3724:Cantabrian
3557:Law French
3549:Sercquiais
3383:Meridional
3344:Champenois
3339:Burgundian
3150:Tabarchino
3140:Monégasque
3079:Parmigiano
2936:Neapolitan
2909:Manduriano
2876:Florentine
2743:Wallachian
2713:Bukovinian
2526:Papiamento
2496:Palenquero
2387:Andalusian
2378:Peninsular
2361:Venezuelan
2304:Paraguayan
2249:Equatorial
2243:Ecuadorian
2097:Salvadoran
2085:Nicaraguan
2075:Guatemalan
2037:Panamanian
1991:Philippine
1880:2012-05-18
1843:(Report).
1778:References
1346:Mapudungun
925:, and the
640:distinción
372:Venezuelan
357:Salvadoran
330:Philippine
320:Peninsular
315:Panamanian
305:Nicaraguan
280:Guatemalan
270:Ecuadorian
205:Andalusian
165:Adjectives
113:Influences
4989:Companies
4904:Etiquette
4892:Education
4798:Pink tide
4783:Falangism
4768:Democracy
4730:Geography
4641:Libraries
4568:By period
4508:varieties
4491:indicate
4448:Sardinian
4405:Triestine
4353:Sursilvan
4264:Mentonasc
4242:Provençal
4191:Auvergnat
4177:Valencian
4133:Mallorcan
4123:Algherese
4098:Occitano-
4045:Navarrese
4033:Aragonese
3969:Castilian
3872:Castilian
3848:Uruguayan
3821:Brazilian
3784:Minderico
3778:/Eonavian
3741:Mirandese
3655:Valdôtain
3641:/Arpitan
3582:Orléanais
3533:Auregnais
3517:Mayennais
3467:Louisiana
3349:Ardennais
3329:Berrichon
3135:Intemelio
3091:Forlivese
3074:Bolognese
3020:Dalmatian
2984:Tarantino
2947:Benevento
2904:Salentino
2864:Sassarese
2828:Gallurese
2811:Romanesco
2764:Dalmatian
2728:Moldavian
2723:Maramureș
2681:Aromanian
2547:Cocoliche
2506:Chavacano
2489:Spanglish
2407:(Galicia)
2397:Castilian
2356:Uruguayan
2277:Maracucho
2210:Colombian
2032:Dominican
2019:Caribbean
1437:is velar
1419:and most
1389:fricative
1281:escarlata
1049:aspirated
991:Andalusia
859:Andalusia
790:Equally,
701:retroflex
586:ordenador
577:loanwords
491:Hispanism
448:Spanglish
367:Uruguayan
265:Dominican
250:Colombian
235:Caribbean
215:Argentine
5093:Category
5073:Category
4979:Religion
4914:HIV/AIDS
4909:Feminism
4754:Politics
4656:Brujería
4651:Military
4626:Catholic
4619:By topic
4384:Venetian
4358:Vallader
4348:Surmiran
4321:Cadorino
4304:Friulian
4237:Limousin
4206:Béarnese
4168:Western
4150:Northern
4138:Menorcan
4128:Balearic
4119:Eastern
4115:dialects
3974:Castrapo
3931:Peruvian
3902:dialects
3835:European
3803:dialects
3790:Portugis
3771:Galician
3712:Asturian
3650:Savoyard
3602:Poitevin
3570:Cauchois
3544:Jèrriais
3391:Canadian
3270:Varesino
3265:Ticinese
3253:Novarese
3248:Cremunés
3238:Ossolano
3233:Milanese
3221:Lecchese
3189:Brianzöö
3120:Ligurian
3086:Romagnol
2967:Arianese
2962:Irpinian
2957:Cilentan
2921:Pantesco
2916:Sicilian
2887:Southern
2823:Corsican
2799:Macerata
2794:Fabriano
2733:Oltenian
2703:dialects
2663:Southern
2567:Malespín
2553:Lunfardo
2510:(creole)
2500:(creole)
2443:Standard
2403:Castrapo
2392:Canarian
2329:Ribereño
2323:Peruvian
2216:Cordobés
2186:Bolivian
2176:Amazonic
2080:Honduran
2065:Belizean
2005:Americas
1981:Canarian
1849:Archived
1772:Hispanic
1736:See also
1381:plosives
1277:invierno
1273:"verso"'
1027:(before
962:aspirate
935:Paraguay
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861:and the
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766:vosotros
757:vosotros
665:and all
637:(called
613:(before
545:Americas
482:Teaching
453:Castrapo
443:Portuñol
362:Standard
325:Peruvian
310:Paraguay
285:Honduran
230:Canarian
225:Bolivian
220:Belizean
196:Dialects
153:personal
148:Pronouns
60:Overview
4954:Cuisine
4929:Culture
4869:Society
4846:Tourism
4812:Economy
4741:Regions
4661:Slavery
4560:History
4489:Italics
4390:Chipilo
4333:Romansh
4296:Romance
4294:Rhaeto-
4259:Gardiol
4211:Landese
4201:Aranese
4186:Occitan
4145:Central
4109:Catalan
4100:Romance
4001:Creoles
3996:Saharan
3984:Murcian
3962:Llanito
3919:Chilean
3896:Spanish
3853:Creoles
3827:Mineiro
3809:African
3734:Riberan
3729:Leonese
3694:Iberian
3687:Romance
3614:Walloon
3587:Paydret
3565:Augeron
3505:Vosgien
3500:Gaumais
3495:Lorrain
3487:Creoles
3450:Muskrat
3396:Acadian
3324:Angevin
3314:Langues
3305:Romance
3211:Comasco
3184:Western
3177:Cremish
3167:Eastern
3162:Lombard
3130:Genoese
3125:Brigasc
3069:Emilian
3047:Western
3026:Istriot
2989:Vastese
2974:Molisan
2836:Italian
2772:Central
2718:Crișana
2673:Eastern
2656:Western
2641:Eastern
2539:Extinct
2460:Haketia
2449:Llanito
2422:Murcian
2310:Pastuso
2263:Llanero
2197:Chilote
2191:Chilean
2158:Mexican
2126:Chicano
2091:Pachuco
1996:Saharan
1966:Spanish
1919:by the
1422:Costeño
1409:peligro
1338:trabajo
1307:paterno
1269:Raizals
1097:German
1019:Melilla
945:) have
939:Quechua
931:Bolivia
923:Ecuador
781:Ecuador
762:ustedes
570:Spanish
458:Creoles
428:Llanito
352:Saharan
295:Murcian
290:Mexican
245:Chilean
122:Grammar
94:History
5078:Portal
5028:Cities
4942:Cinema
4677:Canada
4636:Jewish
4420:Others
4400:Talian
4395:Fiuman
4369:Others
4309:Fornes
4247:Niçard
4196:Gascon
4164:Patuet
4070:Others
3979:Castúo
3685:Ibero-
3645:Faetar
3592:Picard
3522:Norman
3510:Welche
3433:Magoua
3423:Quebec
3413:Brayon
3372:French
3354:Rémois
3303:Gallo-
3258:Pavese
3216:Laghée
3194:Canzés
3145:Royasc
3007:Others
2942:Barese
2870:Tuscan
2816:Sabino
2789:Ancona
2762:Italo-
2413:Castúo
2374:Europe
2230:Cuyano
2181:Andean
2140:Isleño
1371:, and
1353:voiced
1334:cuatro
1325:eterno
1234:, and
1043:) and
1009:, the
1007:Madrid
999:Murcia
943:Aymara
834:yeísmo
815:alhaja
807:cuarto
803:alcoba
799:Arabic
787:there.
775:leísmo
723:as in
566:Canada
560:, the
433:Jopara
410:Loísmo
405:Leísmo
395:Yeísmo
335:status
210:Andean
158:object
141:gender
108:Middle
73:stress
4974:Music
4969:Media
4959:Dance
4947:Films
4880:Crime
4697:Japan
4692:Italy
4687:India
4682:China
4343:Putèr
4338:Jauer
4326:Nones
4316:Ladin
3815:Asian
3472:Houma
3445:Métis
3428:Joual
3401:Chiac
3366:Gallo
3316:d'oïl
2708:Banat
2580:Bozal
2436:Other
2291:Paisa
2027:Cuban
1852:(PDF)
1841:(PDF)
1821:(PDF)
1796:(PDF)
1457:make
1443:]
1439:[
1413:desde
1401:barba
1397:pardo
1318:]
1314:[
1300:]
1296:[
1256:]
1252:[
1240:]
1236:[
1232:]
1228:[
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1220:[
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1205:[
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1197:[
1193:]
1189:[
1182:carro
1153:>
1151:cardo
1145:>
1143:caldo
1120:]
1116:[
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1108:[
1093:]
1089:[
1085:/e,i/
1081:]
1077:[
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1069:[
1065:]
1061:[
1057:]
1053:[
1015:Ceuta
978:]
974:[
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947:[
915:Andes
911:]
907:[
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895:[
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887:[
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867:[
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847:[
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737:[
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713:[
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693:[
659:seseo
646:seseo
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631:[
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400:Voseo
390:Seseo
260:Cuban
175:Verbs
136:Nouns
85:Names
5050:List
4498:Bold
4083:Caló
3766:Fala
3692:West
2550:and
2475:Caló
2121:Caló
1900:help
1463:pang
1405:algo
1351:The
1342:and
1180:and
1178:rata
1155:cado
1147:cado
1133:and
1017:and
982:está
941:and
933:and
919:Peru
881:and
841:and
824:See
819:joya
621:and
609:and
564:and
4937:Art
1964:of
1810:doi
1459:pan
1447:pan
1391:or
1322:amo
1304:amo
1195:or
1176:of
1114:or
1103:ich
1101:in
1051:to
1035:or
972:to
960:or
905:as
893:or
885:as
725:she
496:RAE
103:Old
5095::
1873:.
1869:.
1829:^
1808:.
1804:.
1798:.
1411:,
1407:,
1403:,
1399:,
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1013:,
1001:,
997:,
993:,
809:,
695:s̺
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2124:(
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1954:e
1947:t
1940:v
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1883:.
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1495:/
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1485:n
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1475:/
1471:/
1469:n
1467:/
1455:/
1453:n
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1441:ŋ
1435:/
1433:n
1431:/
1377:/
1375:ɡ
1373:/
1369:/
1367:d
1365:/
1361:/
1359:b
1357:/
1316:l
1298:l
1289:/
1287:r
1285:/
1254:ɹ
1248:/
1246:r
1244:/
1238:l
1230:r
1222:ɾ
1207:z
1199:ɹ
1191:ʐ
1163:/
1161:r
1159:/
1139:/
1137:r
1135:/
1131:/
1129:l
1127:/
1122:.
1118:h
1110:x
1091:x
1079:ç
1071:x
1063:x
1055:h
1041:/
1039:i
1037:/
1033:/
1031:e
1029:/
976:h
970:/
968:s
966:/
949:ʎ
909:ʎ
897:ʃ
889:ʒ
869:ʎ
849:ʝ
828:.
783:.
751:.
749:/
747:s
745:/
739:θ
733:/
731:s
729:/
715:ʃ
709:/
707:s
705:/
686:/
684:s
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678:/
676:θ
674:/
655:/
653:s
651:/
633:θ
627:/
625:i
623:/
619:/
617:e
615:/
528:e
521:t
514:v
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