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210:(1822–1903), a landscape architect and traveler in Texas, went to visit these Germans. He described them and their peculiarities. According to this article, they had valuable madonnas hanging on wooden walls, they drank coffee out of tin cups which they placed upon saucers of fine Dresdner porcelain, they played the piano and had trunks half filled with potatoes and half filled with books. After dinner, they would walk miles to meet in a log cabin to play music, to sing and to dance.
125:
155:, many professors and students saw no other option but to emigrate to North America in order to avoid being arrested and prosecuted or to implement their political ideal of a "free German nation" in the fairly new state of Texas in the United States, which at the time was still a growing nation itself, or both: "Ubi libertas, ibi patria",
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These settlements, however, were not destined to survive for very long. The settlers were young adventurers or classically educated intellectuals, so-called "Latinists" or "Latin Ones" (German "Lateiner"), sometimes both, but by no means farmers. It is therefore no wonder that most of them went to
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in politics. In
Belleville, with over 15,000 inhabitants, it happened that for years no native-born American sat in the city council, and that all civic offices were filled by German immigrants. The county officers likewise were generally German immigrants, and their influence extended beyond the
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met a former university friend of his, who explained his situation to him thus: "I am not happy in the true sense of the word, but neither I am unhappy, for I live freely and without coercion. I do not depend on anything except on my oxen and on the weather. There is nothing hindering me in
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all men capable of bearing arms fought for the cause of the Union. As early as 1836 a "Deutsche
Bibliotheks-Gesellschaft" (German Library Association) was formed in Shiloh, which founded a library that in 1879 contained 5,500 volumes, exclusive of public documents presented by
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expressing my revolutionary thoughts, except that there is no one listening to me." The evening after this encounter, Kapp attended a meeting of the "Latin farmers." The original purpose of the meetings had been to revive aspects of their former student life in
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From as early as 1832–1833 onwards, German intellectuals had been emigrating to North
America. Since many of them went to North America organized in groups and with the support of emigration organizations such as the
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and "Latinists" (German "Freidenker" and "Lateiner"), founded these communities in order to devote themselves to German literature, philosophy, science, classical music, and the Latin language.
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during the revolution of 1848–49. At the university Hecker had fought a duel with Gustav Körner; now these men extended to one another the hand of comradeship in their new home.
270:, Theodor J. Krafft, Georg Neuhoff, Theodor and Adolf Engelmann, Karl Schreiber, Karl Friedrich, Ernst Decker, Wilhelm Weber, August Dilg. In 1849 there was added
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A. B. Faust speculates that the appellative "Latin settlement" or "Latin farmers" was first used in connection with some German settlers of
250:," the German student fraternities of a political cast, which had been made special objects of vengeance by the arbitrary governors of the
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Adalbert
Regenbrecht: "The German Settlers of Millheim before the Civil War," in: Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Number 20, 1916.
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county limits. Eduard Retz was three times state treasurer, and Gustav Körner was lieutenant-governor of
Illinois in 1852. Under
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for "Where there is freedom, there is my homeland, my country". These refugees of the post-1848 era later came to be called "
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Louis
Reinhardt: "The Communistic Colony of Bettina," in: Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Vol. 3, 1899.
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One very telling description of the German settlers' ways of life at that time can be found online in an article of the
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107:, but there were "Latin Settlements" in other states as well. These German intellectuals, so-called
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191:), most of them settled down in self-contained communities, which were called "Latin Settlements."
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Occasionally the following locations in Texas are also named among the "Latin
Settlements":
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Kurt
Klotzbach: "Ernst Kapp, der Gründer der 'Lateinische Kolonie' Sisterdale," in:
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The five Texas settlements "officially" considered historical "Latin
Settlements":
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or university days gathered together within the radius of a few miles. Such were
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Outside Texas the following are also sometimes considered "Latin
Settlements":
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Our life here would actually be quite bearable, if we only had a bowling lane.
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547:(2 vols.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin & Co., 1909, v. 1, pp. 458–459.
535:, Gillespie County Edition, Fredericksburg Publishing, Fredericksburg, 1925.
501:, Boeckmann-Jones Publishing House, Austin (Texas) 1930. - New edition 1964.
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Tusculum, Kendall County, founded in 1849, name changed in 1852 to
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and the phenomenon of "Latin Settlements" gradually disappeared.
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Annie Romberg: "Texas Literary Society of Pioneer Days," in:
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Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America
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History of the German Element in Texas from 1820 to 1850
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The History of the German Settlements in Texas 1831–1861
294:, a company of German immigrants was recruited for the
343:(1820–1900), among the first settlers were the artist
135:'s emigration to the United States in 1852. He was a
99:) is a community founded by German immigrants to the
528:, University of Pennsylvania, D. Appleton Co., 1909.
246:, a large group of men who had been members of the "
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bigger cities like San Antonio or Houston after the
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As a consequence of their political struggle in the
274:, the leader of the insurrectionary forces in
347:and Wittes Schwager, as well as the engineer
8:
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
40:This article includes a list of general
544:The German Element in the United States
187:" (i.e. the Association of Noblemen of
385:after the German author and publicist
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598:German diaspora in the United States
179:(i.e. the Emigration Association of
103:in the 1840s. Most of these were in
254:period in Germany. Many friends of
177:Gießener Auswanderungsgesellschaft
46:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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512:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
494:, 54. Jahrgang, Seite 21f., 1982.
213:On his journey to Texas in 1867,
608:German-American culture in Texas
593:Freethought in the United States
571:University of Pennsylvania Press
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374:built the first house in 1847,
349:Hermann Rogalla von Bieberstein
378:founded the settlement in 1849
1:
339:; the founder was the German
262:, G. Bunsen, A. Berchelmann,
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479:St. Clair County, Illinois
283:St. Clair County, Illinois
281:The German immigrants of
533:German Pioneers in Texas
129:Ubi libertas, ibi patria
603:German-American history
470:Warren County, Missouri
139:and lived on a farm in
61:more precise citations.
539:Albert Bernhardt Faust
492:Mindener Heimatblätter
285:, were interested and
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524:Gilbert G. Benjamin:
208:Frederick Law Olmsted
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563:Carl Wittke (1952).
526:The Germans in Texas
497:Rudolph L. Biesele:
296:Mexican–American War
573:. pp. 111–121.
326:, 1847 named after
153:revolutions of 1848
96:Lateinische Kolonie
514:, Number 52, 1948.
183:) or the "Mainzer
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337:Washington County
328:Bettina von Arnim
298:, and during the
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588:Latin Settlement
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569:. Philadelphia:
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521:, Houston, 1913.
415:, Kendall County
345:Rudolph Melchior
272:Friedrich Hecker
260:George Engelmann
248:Burschenschaften
244:Shiloh, Illinois
91:Latin settlement
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67:January 2015
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18:Latin farmer
434:Meyersville
311:Settlements
252:reactionary
185:Adelsverein
151:during the
143:for a time.
133:Carl Schurz
59:introducing
582:Categories
485:References
475:Belleville
449:Schoenburg
376:Ernst Kapp
364:Sisterdale
287:wide awake
240:Belleville
224:Heidelberg
42:references
443:Ratcliffe
428:Leiningen
419:Frelsburg
300:Civil War
256:gymnasium
197:Civil War
165:Dreißiger
141:Wisconsin
131:inspired
93:(German:
355:Millheim
305:Congress
234:Illinois
204:Karl May
413:Comfort
407:Castell
320:Bettina
217:author
115:History
55:improve
466:Dutzow
455:Shelby
383:Boerne
333:Latium
181:Gießen
169:German
44:, but
398:Bluff
276:Baden
189:Mainz
157:Latin
120:Texas
105:Texas
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