229:. Water was channelled from a stream or spring and fed into a building, possibly just a roof with no walls. This wash-house usually contained two basins – one for washing and the other for rinsing – through which the water was constantly flowing, as well as a stone lip inclined towards the water against which the wet laundry could be beaten. Such facilities were more comfortable and convenient than washing in a watercourse. Some lavoirs had the wash-basins at waist height, although others remained on the ground. The launderers were protected to some extent from rain, and their travel was reduced, as the facilities were usually at hand in the village or at the edge of a town. These facilities were public and available to all families, and usually used by the entire village. Many of these village wash-houses are still standing, historic structures with no obvious modern purpose.
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effect of prohibiting solar collectors, clotheslines, or other energy devices based on renewable resources from being installed on buildings erected on the lots or parcels covered by the deed restrictions, covenants, or binding agreements." No other state has such clearcut legislation. Vermont considered a "Right to Dry" bill in 1999, but it was defeated in the Senate
Natural Resources & Energy Committee. The language has been included in a 2007 voluntary
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798:. Legislation making it possible for thousands of American families to start using clotheslines in communities where they were formerly banned was passed in Colorado in 2008. In 2009, clothesline legislation was debated in the states of Connecticut, Hawaii, Maryland, Maine, New Hampshire, Nebraska, Oregon, Virginia, and Vermont.
608:, used to clean). Clothes were treated in small tubs standing in niches surrounded by low walls, known as treading or fulling stalls. The tub was filled with water and a mixture of alkaline chemicals (sometimes including urine). The fuller stood in the tub and trampled the cloth, a technique known elsewhere as
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of garments, especially when applying heat. For wool garments, this is due to scales on the fibers, which heat and agitation cause to stick together. Other fabrics (like cotton) have their fibers stretched by mechanical force during production, and can shrink slightly when heated (though to a lesser
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Laundry processes include washing (usually with water containing detergents or other chemicals), agitation, rinsing, drying, pressing (ironing), and folding. The washing will sometimes be done at a temperature above room temperature to increase the activities of any chemicals used and the solubility
409:) was developed in the 19th century — two long rollers in a frame and a crank to revolve them. A laundry-worker took sopping wet clothing and cranked it through the mangle, compressing the cloth and expelling the excess water. The mangle was much quicker than hand twisting. It was a variation on the
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men took on the task of laundering the clothes of
Europeans, both Boers and British. "Laundering recalled the specialist craft of hide-dressing in which Zulu males engaged as izinyanga, a prestige occupation that paid handsomely." They created a guild structure, similar to a union, to guard their
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Dry cleaning is the process of deep cleaning clothing without using water. Usually reserved for dress clothes and delicate fabric, it requires special equipment and detergents. Dry cleaning is typically a 5 step process. These steps are tagging the clothes, pretreating clothes, cleaning, quality
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Florida ("the
Sunshine State") is the only state to expressly guarantee a right to dry, although Utah and Hawaii have passed solar rights legislation. A Florida law explicitly states: "No deed restrictions, covenants, or similar binding agreements running with the land shall prohibit or have the
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Another common problem is color bleeding from dyed articles to white or pale-colored ones. Many laundry guides suggest washing whites separately from colored items. Sometimes only similar colors are washed together to avoid this problem, which is lessened by cold water and repeated washings.
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and other communities in the United States prohibit residents from using a clothesline outdoors, or limit such use to locations that are not visible from the street or to certain times of day. Other communities, however, expressly prohibit rules that prevent the use of clotheslines. Some
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were well represented as laundry workers. Discrimination, lack of
English-language skills, and lack of capital kept Chinese immigrants out of most desirable careers. Around 1900, one in four ethnic Chinese men in the U.S. worked in a laundry, typically working 10 to 16 hours a day.
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of stains, and high temperatures kill micro-organisms that may be present on the fabric. However, it is advised that cotton be washed at a cooler temperature to prevent shrinking. Many professional laundry services are present in the market which offers at different price range.
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In other parts of the world, including Europe, apartment buildings with laundry rooms are uncommon, and each apartment may have its own washing machine. Those without a machine at home or the use of a laundry room must either wash their clothes by hand or visit a commercial
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Agitation helps remove dirt which is usually mobilised by surfactants from between fibres, however, due to the small size of the pores in fibres, the 'stagnant core' of the fibres themselves see virtually no flow. The fibres are nevertheless rapidly cleaned by
259:
European cities also had public wash-houses. The city authorities wanted to give the poorer population, who would otherwise not have access to laundry facilities, the opportunity to wash their clothes. Sometimes these facilities were combined with
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Until the early 1980s, when washing machines became more affordable in the country, much of the laundry work in the
Philippines was done manually, and this role was generally assigned to women. A professional laundrywoman was called a
424:. Many of these washing machines were simply a tub on legs, with a hand-operated mangle on top. Later the mangle too was electrically powered, then replaced by a perforated double tub, which spun out the excess water in a spin cycle.
612:. The aim of this treatment was to apply the chemical agents to the cloth so that they could do their work, the resolving of greases and fats. These stalls are so typical of these workshops that they are used to identify
73:
as well. Laundry has been part of history since humans began to wear clothes, so the methods by which different cultures have dealt with this universal human need are of interest to several branches of scholarship.
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240:(laundresses) took in the laundry of others, charging by the piece. As such, wash-houses were an obligatory stop in many women's weekly lives and became a sort of institution or meeting place. It was a
167:, battling stick, bat, beetle or club. Wooden or stone scrubbing surfaces set up near a water supply were gradually replaced by portable rub boards, eventually factory-made corrugated glass or metal
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could be used to agitate clothes in a tub. A related implement called a washing dolly is "a wooden stick or mallet with an attached cluster of legs or pegs" that moves the cloth through the water.
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Laundry was first done in watercourses, letting the water carry away the materials which could cause stains and smells. Laundry is still done this way in the rural regions of poor countries.
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to replace tedious hand rubbing against a washboard. Most involved turning a handle to move paddles inside a tub. Then some early-20th-century machines used an electrically powered
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produced by some types of electrical power generation needed to power electric clothes dryers, since driers can constitute a considerable fraction of a home's total energy usage.
486:(CHLA), which successfully challenged this provision of the law, allowing Chinese laundry workers to preserve their livelihoods. The CHLA went on to function as a more general
275:", even when not made of that metal), were filled with fresh water and heated over a fire, as hot or boiling water is more effective than cold in removing dirt. A
1971:
1720:
163:, a technique in the production of linen; one name for a wooden substitute is a battling-block. The dirt was beaten out with a wooden implement known as a
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Some
American communities forbid their residents from drying clothes outside, and citizens protesting this have created a "right to dry" movement. Many
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organizations have been campaigning against legislation which has outlawed line-drying of clothing in public places, especially given the increased
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passed a law clearly intended to drive the
Chinese out of the business. Among other things, it limited ownership of laundries to U.S. citizens. The
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helps remove the dirt, so the laundry was rubbed, twisted, or slapped against flat rocks. One name for this surface is a beetling-stone, related to
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often have laundry rooms, where residents share washing machines and dryers. Usually the machines are set to run only when money is put in a
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714:(perchloroethylene), which the industry calls "perc". It is used to clean delicate fabrics that cannot withstand the rough and tumble of a
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conditions and wages, evolving into "one, if not indeed the most, powerful group of
African work-men in nineteenth-century Natal".
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The word "laundry" may refer to the clothing itself, or to the place where the cleaning happens. An individual home may have a
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Once clean, the clothes were wrung out — twisted to remove most of the water. Then they were hung up on poles or
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Yung, Judy; Chang, Gordon H.; Lai, Him Mark, eds. (2006), "Declaration of the
Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance.",
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Villages across Europe that could afford it built a wash-house, sometimes known by the French name of
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includes, but is not restricted to, the function of washing clothes. An apartment building or student
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Meanwhile, 19th-century inventors further mechanized the laundry process with various hand-operated
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85:). The Industrial Revolution gradually led to mechanized solutions to laundry work, notably the
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and her handmaidens are washing laundry by the shore when they see and rescue the ship-wrecked
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Various chemicals may be used to increase the solvent power of water, such as the compounds in
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1356:"Your Guide to Washing Clothes, Including How to Keep Whites Bright and Darks from Fading"
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Similar measures have been introduced in Canada - in particular, the province of
Ontario.
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1017:. Vol. III (Second ed.). Clarendon Press. 1989. p. 908: copper 3.a.
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1311:"The 2008 Florida Statutes (chapter: Energy devices based on renewable resources)"
991:
World of a slave: encyclopedia of the material life of slaves in the United States
676:, a compound made from lye and fat, is an ancient and common laundry aid. Modern
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Directions for hand-washing New Britain Standard Hygienic Underwear, circa 1915
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Many dry cleaners place cleaned clothes inside thin clear plastic garment bags.
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of 1851, argues that it was the development of domestic machinery that led to
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tried fruitlessly to fend this off, resulting in the formation of the openly
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to air dry, or sometimes just spread out on clean grass, bushes, or trees.
1172:"Origins of the AmaWasha: the Zulu Washermen's Guild in Natal, 1850–1910*"
542:; this has given rise to place names where they work or worked, including
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In India, laundry was traditionally done by men. A washerman was called a
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degree than wool). Some clothes are "pre-shrunk" to avoid this problem.
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Novice users of modern laundry machines sometimes experience accidental
268:. The aim was to foster hygiene and thus reduce outbreaks of epidemics.
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is the washing of clothing and other textiles, and, more broadly, their
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where they could discuss issues or simply chat (cf the concept of the
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are included on many clothes to help consumers avoid these problems.
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carrying dirt out into the clean water during the rinsing process.
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group; its numbers declined strongly after it was targeted by the
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were running an estimated 3,550 laundries at the beginning of the
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212:, Portugal, today. Note the two basins and inclined stone lip.
1088:
From mangle to microwave: the mechanization of household work
969:"How People Used to Wash: The Fascinating History of Laundry"
151:(1806). Unusually, this is depicted as a mixed-sex activity.
1908:
256:" (literally, "to do the laundry"), which means to gossip.
1441:
706:
Dry cleaning refers to any process which uses a chemical
660:
or yucca-root used by Native American tribes, or the ash
1383:"News Feature: Microplastics present pollution puzzle"
1269:"Toxic Substances Portal - Tetrachloroethylene (PERC)"
439:"Chinese laundry" redirects here. For other uses, see
745:
In some parts of the world, including North America,
765:(laundromat, laundrette) or a laundry shop, such as
722:; it can also obviate labor-intensive hand washing.
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843:Synthetic fibers in laundry can also contribute to
1085:
672:) once widely used for soaking laundry in Europe.
993:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. p. 303.
413:used primarily for pressing and smoothing cloth.
1148:Enduring Hardship: The Chinese Laundry in Canada
1063:(1st ed.). Eaton, CO: Oldewash. p. 8.
710:other than water. The solvent used is typically
220:, laundry was often done in a communal setting.
1387:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
826:Sometimes this blending of colors is seen as a
143:"Man and woman washing linen in a brook", from
34:Laundry is hung to dry above an Italian street.
1225:"Clothes washing mystery solved by physicists"
1061:Save womens lives: history of washing machines
248:). Indeed, this tradition is reflected in the
200:, Italy, at about the turn of the 20th century
1924:
1457:
114:. A stand-alone business is referred to as a
108:may have a shared laundry facility such as a
8:
1721:Laundry and Dry Cleaning International Union
989:Katz-Hyman, Martha B.; Rice, Kym S. (2011).
984:
982:
680:typically use synthetic powdered or liquid
477:Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
386:completely transformed laundry technology.
321:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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3016:
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1931:
1917:
1909:
1464:
1450:
1442:
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1406:
1290:"Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)"
1243:"How Does The Dry Cleaning Process Work?"
942:
940:
452:In the late 19th and early 20th century,
427:Laundry drying was also mechanized, with
357:Model Steam Laundry, Colfax, Washington,
341:Learn how and when to remove this message
236:, who washed all their family's laundry.
936:
454:Chinese immigrants to the United States
1126:, pp. 183–185 (including notes),
1113:
1111:
1109:
566:A woman doing the laundry manually in
536:A laundry-place is generally called a
371:The "Woman's Friend" washing machine,
27:Washing of clothing and other textiles
7:
1835:Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States
319:adding citations to reliable sources
271:Sometimes large metal cauldrons (a "
77:Laundry work has traditionally been
3939:Global trade of secondhand clothing
1150:, Canadian Museum of Civilization,
684:in place of more traditional soap.
590:who cleaned the cloth were called
435:Chinese laundries in North America
283:Washing machines and other devices
25:
232:The job of doing the laundry was
3975:
1873:Baths and wash houses in Britain
1734:Worshipful Company of Launderers
1726:Laundry Workers Industrial Union
628:Women laundering on the pier in
604:, a process in wool-making, and
441:Chinese laundry (disambiguation)
291:
266:Baths and wash houses in Britain
1092:. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
950:. The Free Dictionary By Farlex
616:in the archaeological remains.
465:Chinese people in New York City
1176:The Journal of African History
1124:University of California Press
1:
1716:Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance
1084:Hardyment, Christina (1988).
1015:The Oxford English Dictionary
484:Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance
372:
358:
794:bill, introduced by Senator
1170:Atkins, Keletso E. (1986).
4017:
3949:List of individual dresses
691:
445:
438:
390:, in her history from the
185:
3972:
3019:
1946:
1479:
1381:Katsnelson, Alla (2015).
1188:10.1017/S0021853700029194
863:lavendrye, laundry, from
529:became the name of their
216:Before the advent of the
1039:"Ponch, punch or ?"
784:greenhouse gas emissions
779:homeowners' associations
688:Cleaning or dry cleaning
54:Laundry in the river in
1408:10.1073/pnas.1504135112
1245:. LX. 30 September 2014
1120:Chinese American Voices
1041:. OldandInteresting.com
586:The workers in ancient
3954:Reconstructed clothing
1482:List of laundry topics
1256:checking, and ironing.
920:List of laundry topics
889:
814:
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471:. In 1933, the city's
379:
364:
213:
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124:North American English
59:
47:
35:
1146:Ban Seng Hoe (2004),
1059:Maxwell, Lee (2003).
881:
812:
773:Right to dry movement
734:24 Pesula laundry in
733:
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565:
554:in Penang, Malaysia.
384:Industrial Revolution
370:
356:
207:
195:
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53:
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33:
3895:Environmental impact
1893:Self-service laundry
1730:Project Laundry List
1338:"Why Clothes Shrink"
973:The Scrubba Wash Bag
763:self-service laundry
726:Shared laundry rooms
544:Mahalaxmi Dhobi Ghat
315:improve this section
116:self-service laundry
44:self-service laundry
3982:Clothing portal
1828:Barbier v. Connolly
1399:2015PNAS..112.5547K
1362:. February 14, 2011
792:energy conservation
747:apartment buildings
712:tetrachloroethylene
670:potassium hydroxide
506:From 1850 to 1910,
388:Christina Hardyment
1856:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
1760:Industrial laundry
1529:Combo washer dryer
890:
870:, from lavandier.
815:
743:
704:
637:
572:
448:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
396:women's liberation
380:
365:
264:, see for example
234:reserved for women
214:
202:
153:
145:William Henry Pyne
60:
48:
36:
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3987:
3959:Right to clothing
3883:Halloween costume
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3826:black lounge suit
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3000:
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1906:
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1506:Laundry detergent
1393:(18): 5547–5549.
1070:978-0-9729710-0-3
1000:978-0-313-34942-3
682:laundry detergent
620:Laundry processes
550:in Singapore and
473:Board of Aldermen
405:(or "wringer" in
351:
350:
343:
122:or laundromat in
106:hall of residence
16:(Redirected from
4008:
3980:
3979:
3964:Vintage clothing
3792:
3737:Pocket protector
3021:
3017:
2977:Bodysuit, infant
2868:
2649:formal, informal
2644:
2484:Ceremonial dress
1933:
1926:
1919:
1910:
1849:Pearson v. Chung
1842:Muller v. Oregon
1466:
1459:
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1231:. April 3, 2018.
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1005:
1004:
986:
977:
976:
965:
959:
958:
956:
955:
944:
678:washing machines
666:sodium hydroxide
646:diffusiophoresis
496:Second Red Scare
469:Great Depression
418:washing machines
407:American English
392:Great Exhibition
377:
374:
363:
360:
346:
339:
335:
332:
326:
295:
287:
242:women-only space
118:(launderette in
21:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3968:
3910:made-to-measure
3863:Clothing fetish
3847:
3781:
3653:
3610:
3552:
3528:Square leg suit
3474:
3450:Blanket sleeper
3422:
3413:Sleeved blanket
3222:
3145:
3010:
3008:
2996:
2972:Bodysuit, adult
2960:
2892:
2860:
2852:
2775:
2729:
2648:
2636:
2628:
2474:
2465:
2315:
2176:
2079:
1977:
1976:
1942:
1937:
1907:
1902:
1861:
1815:
1791:Dispensing ball
1774:
1738:
1704:
1680:Colour fastness
1668:
1637:
1609:
1563:
1559:Washing machine
1517:
1501:Fabric softener
1484:
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988:
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966:
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953:
951:
946:
945:
938:
933:
925:Laundry hygiene
916:
876:
853:
838:Laundry symbols
807:
805:Common problems
775:
728:
716:washing machine
696:
690:
654:
622:
584:
560:
517:
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375:
361:
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336:
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218:washing machine
190:
184:
137:
132:
120:British English
87:washing machine
79:highly gendered
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3897:
3892:
3890:Cross-dressing
3887:
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3055:
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3035:
3029:
3027:
3014:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2982:Long underwear
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Training pants
2906:
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2197:
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2110:
2100:
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2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
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2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1904:
1903:
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1900:
1895:
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1880:
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1869:
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1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1811:Washing paddle
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1765:Laundry symbol
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
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1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1664:Laundry starch
1661:
1656:
1654:Clothes hanger
1651:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1621:Clothes folder
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1590:Drying cabinet
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
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1513:
1503:
1498:
1492:
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1486:
1485:
1480:
1477:
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1471:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1439:
1438:External links
1436:
1433:
1432:
1373:
1360:Martha Stewart
1347:
1329:
1316:Florida Senate
1302:
1281:
1260:
1234:
1216:
1162:
1156:
1138:
1132:
1105:
1098:
1076:
1069:
1051:
1030:
1023:
1006:
999:
978:
960:
935:
934:
932:
929:
928:
927:
922:
915:
912:
875:
872:
861:Middle English
852:
849:
806:
803:
796:Dick McCormack
774:
771:
727:
724:
692:Main article:
689:
686:
653:
650:
621:
618:
606:Fuller's earth
583:
580:
559:
556:
516:
513:
503:
500:
436:
433:
429:clothes dryers
349:
348:
299:
297:
290:
284:
281:
186:Main article:
183:
180:
165:washing paddle
136:
133:
131:
128:
89:and later the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4013:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3915:ready-to-wear
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:haute couture
3903:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:creature suit
3876:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:Clothing swap
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:morning dress
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
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3765:
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3599:
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3534:
3531:
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3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
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3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3396:dressing gown
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
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3350:
3347:
3345:
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3332:
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3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
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3307:
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3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
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3279:
3278:
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3258:
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3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
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3217:
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3212:
3209:
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3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
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3148:
3140:
3137:
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3132:
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3110:
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3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
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2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2955:
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2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Plastic pants
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
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2799:
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2791:
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2772:
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2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Princess line
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Bouffant gown
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:Formal, semi-
2645:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
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2593:
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2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
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2399:Pedal pushers
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2020:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
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1994:
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1989:
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1980:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
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1934:
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1713:
1711:
1709:Organizations
1707:
1701:
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1598:
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1583:
1581:
1580:Clothes horse
1578:
1576:
1575:Clothes dryer
1573:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:Tunnel washer
1537:
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1527:
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1512:
1509:
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1396:
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1306:
1303:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1229:Physics World
1226:
1220:
1217:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1157:0-660-19078-8
1153:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1133:0-520-24310-2
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:0-7456-0206-1
1095:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1024:0-19-861215-X
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1002:
996:
992:
985:
983:
979:
974:
970:
964:
961:
949:
943:
941:
937:
930:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
913:
911:
909:
905:
901:
900:
895:
888:
884:
883:The launderer
880:
873:
871:
869:
866:
862:
858:
850:
848:
846:
841:
839:
835:
833:
829:
828:selling point
823:
820:
811:
804:
802:
799:
797:
793:
787:
785:
780:
772:
770:
768:
764:
758:
756:
752:
748:
741:
737:
732:
725:
723:
721:
720:clothes dryer
717:
713:
709:
700:
695:
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
651:
649:
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641:
635:
631:
626:
619:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:
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589:
581:
579:
578:
569:
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557:
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553:
549:
545:
541:
540:
534:
532:
528:
527:
522:
514:
512:
509:
501:
499:
498:(1947–1957).
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
449:
442:
434:
432:
430:
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404:
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397:
393:
389:
385:
369:
355:
345:
342:
334:
324:
320:
316:
310:
309:
305:
300:This section
298:
294:
289:
288:
282:
280:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
227:
221:
219:
211:
208:Washhouse in
206:
199:
196:Washhouse in
194:
189:
181:
179:
177:
176:clothes lines
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
150:
146:
141:
134:
129:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
72:
68:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
32:
19:
3922:Fur clothing
3742:Pocket watch
3063:British Warm
3038:Chesterfield
2949:boxer shorts
2944:boxer briefs
2676:little black
2329:Bell-bottoms
2299:sweater vest
1883:Laundry room
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1801:Laundry ball
1755:Housekeeping
1585:Clothes line
1544:Wet cleaning
1534:Dry cleaning
1472:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1321:. Retrieved
1314:
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1247:. Retrieved
1237:
1228:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1182:(1): 41–57.
1179:
1175:
1165:
1147:
1141:
1119:
1087:
1079:
1060:
1054:
1043:. Retrieved
1033:
1014:
1009:
990:
972:
963:
952:. Retrieved
897:
891:
887:Jef Lambeaux
882:
867:
856:
854:
845:microplastic
842:
836:
832:madras cloth
824:
816:
800:
788:
776:
759:
744:
705:
694:Dry cleaning
655:
642:
638:
613:
595:
591:
585:
582:Ancient Rome
576:
573:
537:
535:
524:
520:
518:
505:
502:South Africa
488:civil rights
463:
451:
426:
415:
400:
381:
337:
328:
313:Please help
301:
270:
262:public baths
258:
254:fer safareig
253:
246:village pump
231:
224:
222:
215:
173:
154:
148:
135:Watercourses
109:
102:utility room
98:laundry room
95:
91:tumble dryer
76:
62:
61:
3821:Semi-formal
3787:Dress codes
3677:Boutonnière
3659:Accessories
3538:Swim diaper
3533:Swim briefs
3498:Boardshorts
3418:Windbreaker
3179:Suit jacket
3174:Mess jacket
3068:Guards Coat
2987:See-through
2751:Romper suit
2125:Neck gaiter
2120:Neckerchief
1967:Terminology
1779:Accessories
1770:Washerwoman
1595:Hills Hoist
1554:Wash copper
1295:21 November
1274:21 November
1249:21 November
902:, Princess
859:comes from
847:pollution.
751:dormitories
594:, singular
558:Philippines
552:Dhobi Ghaut
548:Dhoby Ghaut
546:in Mumbai,
521:dhobiwallah
494:during the
376: 1890
362: 1900
273:wash copper
238:Washerwomen
83:washerwomen
3762:Suspenders
3757:Sunglasses
3692:Cummerbund
3682:Coin purse
3586:Flip-flops
3581:Dress shoe
3576:Dress boot
3571:Court shoe
3518:Rash guard
3465:Nightshirt
3339:Harrington
3297:pellegrina
3157:Frock coat
3150:Suit coats
3139:Mackintosh
3080:Over-frock
2939:Underpants
2888:Undershirt
2761:Shirtdress
2602:boilersuit
2499:diplomatic
2461:Yoga pants
2451:Sweatpants
2364:High water
2359:Go-to-hell
2252:sleeveless
2205:halterneck
2195:cache-cœur
2115:Lavallière
1962:Technology
1898:Tvättstuga
1878:Dhobi Ghat
1786:Clothespin
1649:Box mangle
1605:Dryer ball
1323:2020-02-23
1045:2014-03-06
954:2012-05-24
931:References
874:In culture
868:lavanderie
865:Old French
830:, as with
614:fullonicae
577:labandera.
539:dhobi ghat
446:See also:
411:box mangle
331:April 2017
182:Washhouses
169:washboards
111:tvättstuga
18:Laundryman
3831:black tie
3814:white tie
3722:Jewellery
3639:Pantyhose
3513:One-piece
3460:Nightgown
3432:Nightwear
3270:Inverness
3265:ferraiolo
3090:shadbelly
3058:Greatcoat
3025:Overcoats
3012:outerwear
2858:Underwear
2813:Miniskirt
2798:Ballerina
2715:Strapless
2693:debutante
2688:ball gown
2666:Coatdress
2607:cleanroom
2565:Religious
2560:Political
2456:Windpants
2394:Parachute
2311:Waistcoat
2289:polo neck
1695:Shrinkage
1642:Finishing
1631:Laundroid
1626:FoldiMate
1549:Washboard
1489:Chemicals
1366:March 30,
1204:162355451
1196:1469-5138
948:"Laundry"
855:The word
851:Etymology
819:shrinkage
755:coin slot
736:Jyväskylä
664:(usually
652:Chemicals
458:to Canada
302:does not
157:Agitation
149:Microcosm
3995:Category
3838:Informal
3767:Umbrella
3712:Headband
3687:Cufflink
3644:Stocking
3629:Hold-ups
3558:Footwear
3508:Monokini
3503:Dry suit
3480:Swimwear
3455:Negligee
3445:Babygrow
3440:Babydoll
3408:Ski suit
3391:bathrobe
3371:Lab coat
3349:mackinaw
3292:mozzetta
3282:monastic
3243:pinafore
3206:Tailcoat
3134:Raincoat
2914:Leggings
2883:Camisole
2863:lingerie
2771:Sundress
2671:Cocktail
2656:Backless
2597:Workwear
2580:vestment
2575:clerical
2555:Pantsuit
2521:Military
2516:Jumpsuit
2511:Jodhpuri
2489:academic
2476:uniforms
2446:Slim-fit
2434:hotpants
2384:Overalls
2379:Jodhpurs
2321:Trousers
2274:guernsey
2269:cardigan
2210:tube top
2200:crop top
2108:Clerical
2085:Neckwear
2060:Kerchief
2001:baseball
1983:Headwear
1972:Timeline
1957:Industry
1940:Clothing
1673:Concepts
1427:25944930
1209:26 April
914:See also
904:Nausicaa
658:soaproot
592:fullones
422:agitator
161:beetling
46:in Paris
4001:Laundry
3934:Fursuit
3900:Fashion
3873:Costume
3856:Related
3796:Western
3717:Handbag
3702:Glasses
3697:Gaiters
3667:Armband
3616:Legwear
3606:Sneaker
3601:Slipper
3548:Wetsuit
3493:Burkini
3470:Pajamas
3354:Norfolk
3344:leather
3309:Cut-off
3255:Cagoule
3250:Blouson
3216:morning
3189:smoking
3162:bekishe
3119:Paletot
2919:Panties
2828:Rah-rah
2823:Prairie
2720:Wedding
2705:Prairie
2683:Evening
2634:Dresses
2570:cassock
2536:service
2439:running
2424:dolphin
2419:dycling
2414:Bermuda
2389:Palazzo
2369:Lowrise
2334:Bondage
2304:twinset
2264:Sweater
2217:Cycling
2130:Necktie
2038:homburg
1952:History
1743:Culture
1690:Posting
1685:Fulling
1659:Ironing
1614:Folding
1522:Washing
1473:Laundry
1418:4426466
1395:Bibcode
1342:NPR.org
908:Ulysses
899:Odyssey
857:laundry
740:Finland
708:solvent
634:Finland
630:Tampere
610:posting
602:fulling
533:group.
481:leftist
323:removed
308:sources
252:idiom "
250:Catalan
210:Cabeção
198:Sanremo
130:History
71:ironing
63:Laundry
56:Abidjan
3843:Casual
3804:Formal
3772:Wallet
3727:Livery
3707:Gloves
3649:Tights
3634:Garter
3591:Sandal
3543:Trunks
3488:Bikini
3381:Poncho
3366:Jerkin
3359:safari
3334:goggle
3329:flight
3319:Jacket
3304:Coatee
3277:Mantle
3194:sports
3184:Blazer
3102:Ulster
3097:Trench
3085:Riding
3053:Duster
3048:Duffel
3043:Covert
2954:briefs
2904:Diaper
2897:Bottom
2833:Sarong
2818:Pencil
2793:A-line
2785:Skirts
2756:Sheath
2746:Jumper
2734:Casual
2622:scrubs
2612:hazmat
2592:Prison
2587:School
2548:combat
2541:sailor
2409:Shorts
2354:Formal
2284:jersey
2279:hoodie
2242:Henley
2227:Mantle
2190:Blouse
2172:Tippet
2155:school
2150:kipper
2103:Collar
2098:Choker
2070:Turban
2050:Helmet
2033:fedora
2028:bowler
2023:boater
1888:Lavoir
1866:Places
1806:Posser
1796:Hamper
1600:Mangle
1568:Drying
1496:Bleach
1425:
1415:
1319:. 2008
1202:
1194:
1154:
1130:
1096:
1067:
1021:
997:
570:, 2015
523:, and
403:mangle
277:posser
226:lavoir
188:Lavoir
67:drying
58:, 2006
3927:types
3777:Watch
3752:Spats
3523:Sling
3403:Shawl
3376:Parka
3314:Gilet
3287:royal
3238:Apron
3231:Other
3211:dress
3167:rekel
3112:opera
3107:Cloak
3075:Greca
3006:Coats
2992:Teddy
2934:Thong
2838:Skort
2808:Men's
2803:Denim
2741:House
2700:Plain
2639:gowns
2617:space
2494:court
2471:Suits
2374:Jeans
2349:Chaps
2344:Cargo
2339:Capri
2294:shrug
2237:dress
2232:Shirt
2222:Kurta
2167:Scarf
2160:stock
2135:ascot
2093:Bands
1991:Beret
1750:Dhobi
1700:Stain
1200:S2CID
894:Homer
767:5Ă sec
597:fullo
568:Iriga
531:caste
526:dhobi
515:India
3944:Laws
3747:Sash
3732:Muff
3672:Belt
3624:Sock
3596:Shoe
3566:Boot
3386:Robe
3324:down
3260:Cape
3199:Teba
3129:Polo
2965:Full
2929:Slip
2861:and
2848:Wrap
2843:Tutu
2766:Slip
2725:Wrap
2637:and
2531:mess
2526:full
2506:Folk
2404:Phat
2247:polo
2182:Tops
2140:bolo
2075:Veil
2065:Mask
2055:Hood
2011:knit
2006:flat
1511:pods
1423:PMID
1368:2021
1297:2014
1276:2014
1251:2014
1211:2021
1192:ISSN
1152:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1094:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1019:ISBN
995:ISBN
749:and
718:and
674:Soap
600:(cf
588:Rome
508:Zulu
456:and
401:The
382:The
378:U.S.
306:any
304:cite
100:; a
69:and
3124:Pea
3033:Car
3009:and
2878:Bra
2871:Top
2473:and
2429:gym
2145:bow
2043:top
2018:Hat
1996:Cap
1820:Law
1413:PMC
1403:doi
1391:112
1184:doi
896:'s
892:In
885:by
668:or
662:lye
492:FBI
317:by
147:'s
126:).
3997::
1421:.
1411:.
1401:.
1389:.
1385:.
1358:.
1340:.
1313:.
1253:.
1227:.
1198:.
1190:.
1180:27
1178:.
1174:.
1122:,
1108:^
981:^
971:.
939:^
910:.
834:.
769:.
757:.
738:,
632:,
398:.
373:c.
359:c.
171:.
42:A
2257:T
1932:e
1925:t
1918:v
1465:e
1458:t
1451:v
1429:.
1405::
1397::
1370:.
1344:.
1326:.
1299:.
1278:.
1213:.
1186::
1102:.
1073:.
1048:.
1027:.
1003:.
975:.
957:.
443:.
344:)
338:(
333:)
329:(
325:.
311:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
