702:, the air attack by U.S. Army Air Forces based in Libya and Southern Italy, began their daring strategic bombing mission over the Ploiesti refineries and oilfields in Romania in order to deny the German war machine of needed fuel. This was aided by the uses of the Norden bombsight for pinpoint accuracy. This is now considered by many World War II military historians as one of the costliest and bloodiest missions of the war. Of the 53 aircraft and 660 crew members lost, many had little or no fuel to return to their bases, so they were instructed to ditch in neutral Turkey where there was a substantial American presence to assist and on which to fall back. Many a dark unlit night following the bombing raid, Steinhardt and his daughter, in a jeep with a small convoy of his embassy military personnel, sortied out into the wilds and deserts attempting to locate and return wounded American pilots, destroy the bombsights so the Germans would not know of their existence, return with the wounded, secretly patching them up by the embassy medical team and moving them quietly through channels back to their points of origin. Some were slipped out to the coast at Izmir and quietly put on sailboats bound for Lebanon or Palestine. Two flyers were smuggled out when Mrs. Steinhardt and her daughter suddenly announced their "shopping trip" to Beirut. Hidden under the sleeper bunks of Mrs. Steinhardt's train compartment, they remained unknown to all until arrival at the border when they escaped.
638:) and took seven days by train to go some 400 miles east of Moscow to this destination, designated by the Kremlin for remaining diplomats. Once the staff was situated in spartan housing with the entire stock of embassy foodstuffs brought along and sufficient to feed the greater diplomatic corps in addition to the staff, he returned to the U.S. embassy residence in Moscow during the bombings to secure the embassy with a skeleton staff of six. He was known within family circles to say he took great pride in working alongside his amazing staff in his embassy postings. In July of this period, the famed photographer,
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642:, managed to get into Moscow to the embassy residence so as to document the German bombings. On the nights of July 23 and July 26 she and Steinhardt lay on their backs on the roof of Spaso House while she photographed German bombs, Nazi parachute flares, tracer bullets, and anti-aircraft gunshots streaking across the nighttime sky overhead. Her portfolio assignment produced startling visual imagery for the American public in the issue of
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675:, Jewish children from Romania, and many eminent intellectuals fleeing Europe to find refuge in Turkey, Palestine, and the United States. In personal subterranean concert with the Vatican's representative to Turkey, Papal Nuncio Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (1881–1963), they devised false visa schemes to facilitate the documents needed for transit through Turkey for fleeing refugees. Steinhardt and
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547:’s pre-convention presidential campaign, he joined the inner campaign circle committee, composed of political notables Louis Howe, Jimmy Farley, Frank Walker, and Ed Flynn. Specifically, with his economic background on FDR's finance committee, he wrote campaign speeches on the economics of the time for FDR.
653:
On
January 12, 1942, Steinhardt was appointed Ambassador to Turkey. His mission directives included buying up all the available sources of chrome the Nazis needed for the manufacture of steel for their war machine. More importantly and much more challenging was the deep rooted presence in Istanbul of
629:
Member of numerous organizations: American Bar
Association/ Atlantic Beach Club/ Bankers Club of New York/ Bar Association of the City of New York/ Columbia University Club/ Columbia Varsity Club/ Democratic National Finance Committee/ Executive Finance Committee of the Democratic National Campaign
550:
He entered the U.S. diplomatic service at ambassadorial rank in 1933 at the behest of
President Franklin D. Roosevelt as First Minister to Sweden (1933–1937), U.S. Ambassador to Peru (1937–1939), U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union (1939–1941), U.S. Ambassador to Turkey (1942–1945), U.S. Ambassador
633:
In 1941, immediately prior to
Germany's bombing assault on Moscow and with only six hours notice, Steinhardt sent his wife, daughter and her governess, each carrying only one suitcase, out to Stockholm on one of the last planes departing with families of diplomats to any safer destinations within
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whose objective was to bring Turkey into the German side of the war. Steinhardt's mission directive was to bring Turkey into the Allied side of the war. Each was crafty, intense, and possessed with the access to vast intelligence gathering network sources. Turkey was THE battleground during this
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in 1919, and was a member of the law firm
Guggenheimer, Untermyer and Marshall from 1920 to 1933. Other notable jurists and family members of Guggenheimer, Untermyer and Marshall were Samuel Untermyer, Louis Marshall, Charles S. Guggenheimer, Alvin Untermyer and Irwin Untermyer.
488:
who served as U.S. Ambassador to six countries. He served as U.S. First
Minister to Sweden (1933–1937), U.S. Ambassador to Peru (1937–1939), U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union (1939–1941), U.S. Ambassador to Turkey (1942–1945), U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1945–1948) and
625:
Directorships: Fruit & Produce
Acceptance Corp., Lessing's Inc., Louis Phillipe Inc., Leopold Stern and Sons Inc., Affiliated Products Inc., United Steel and Tube Inc., Neet Inc., G.R. Kinney & Co., Jean Patou Inc., Immac Inc., Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.,
534:
60th Field
Artillery in 1916 as a private/sharpshooter, was honorably discharged in 1918 as a sergeant Quartermaster Corps after serving as associate counsel on the Provost Marshal General Staff. He served as counsel for the Housing and Health Division of the
659:
critical period of 1942 to 1945 as so much hung in the balance, not the least of which was Turkey's important geographic location, then and now. By 1944, Turkey had turned west to the Allies, an historical orientation originally seeded by
666:
While
Ambassador to Turkey, Steinhardt, in part due to his Jewish heritage, played a significant but not openly known role (due to his public diplomatic position) in numerous Jewish- related refugee transit evacuations: the rescue of
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secured leaky boats wherever possible with no assurance of the safety of such vessels but the hope that anything might succeed if tried. While there were successes, sadly there were also tragedies and losses.
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Laurence A. Steinhardt was born
October 6, 1892, at his family home (23 East 92nd Street) in New York City. As a native New Yorker, he was educated at the Franklin School for Boys and graduated from
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fraternity (New York) in 1909, National President in 1915, and Supreme Rex for life from 1939 to 1950. He was permanent treasurer of the class of 1913 and class of 1915 Columbia Law School.
520:
He was the son of Adolph Maximillian Steinhardt (one of the founders and executive heads of National Enameling and Stamping Co.) and Addie Untermyer Steinhardt (a sister to noted lawyer
630:
Committee/ Federation of American Zionists and the American Zion Commonwealth/ National Democratic club/ Member, President Roosevelt's pre-convention campaign committee/ Pi Lambda Phi
527:
He married Dulcie Yates Hofmann, daughter of Henry Hofmann (banker) and Ina Maitland Yates Hofmann, on January 15, 1923. He had one daughter, Dulcie-Ann Steinhardt (1925–2001).
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Europe. Steinhardt then returned his attention to the ongoing preparations to evacuate and accompany the remaining U.S. embassy staff to Kuybyshev (now
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570:, 1944; awarded the United States Typhus Commission Medal in 1945 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt; awarded the Medal for Merit in 1946 by President
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He practiced accountancy with Deloitte, Plender and Griffiths, was admitted to the New York bar in October 1915, enlisted in the
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He married the former Dulcie Yates Hofmann (1895–1974) on January 15, 1923; one daughter, Dulcie-Ann Steinhardt (1925–2001).
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Medical Jurisprudence: The Rules of Law Governing the Liability of Physicians and Surgeons for Malpractice,
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Medical Jurisprudence: The General Rules of Law Governing the Compensation of Physician and Surgeons,
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in 1923 to turn Turkey into a modern secular nation while still keeping its foundational character.
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484:(October 6, 1892 – March 28, 1950) was an American economist, lawyer, and senior diplomat of the
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748:"U.S. Ambassadors to Russia | Embassy of the United States Moscow, Russia"
493:(1948–1950). He was killed in a U.S. embassy plane crash on March 28, 1950, in
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and subsequently was canonized as a saint. The highest note of his papacy was
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The Regulation and Control of Physicians and Surgeons by Public Authority
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Cardinal Roncalli was elected in 1958 by the Vatican conclave to become
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787:"Before Libya: US Ambassadors Who Have Died in the Line of Duty"
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the highest flange of German diplomats led by German Ambassador
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with an A.B in 1913, an M.A. in 1915 and an LL.B. in 1915 from
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Burial Detail: Steinhardt, Laurence A (Section 30, Grave 728)
646:, Vol 11, No 9., pp. 15–21. dated September 1, 1941,
695:, also known as the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965).
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He was awarded the Order of the Polar Star in 1936 by
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The Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth
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Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Canada
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Ambassadors of the United States to the Soviet Union
574:; awarded posthumously the Honorary Doctor of Laws,
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3353:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1950
3303:Ambassadors of the United States to Czechoslovakia
2697:United States Ambassadors to the Czech Republic
839:at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website
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8:
888:United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union
615:, June 4, 1927, vol, 88, pp. 1833–1835.
599:, March 2, 1918, vol. 70, pp. 585–587.
581:He was the author of numerous publications:
285:September 13, 1937 – April 10, 1939
232:August 11, 1939 – November 12, 1941
3288:United States Army personnel of World War I
810:US State Department Office of the Historian
613:Journal of the American Medical Association
596:Journal of the American Medical Association
125:July 20, 1945 – September 19, 1948
3308:Ambassadors of the United States to Canada
3298:Ambassadors of the United States to Sweden
3293:Ambassadors of the United States to Turkey
2958:
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942:United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia
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72:November 1, 1948 – March 28, 1950
42:
31:
822:"Index to Politicians: Stein to Steinzer"
605:July 9, 1921, vol. 77, pp. 98–100.
562:of Sweden; inscribed in The Golden Book,
3343:Ambassadors of the United States to Peru
336:August 28, 1933 – June 26, 1937
739:
543:In 1932, in active support of Governor
181:March 10, 1942 – April 2, 1945
3313:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
808:Laurence Adolph Steinhardt (1892–1950)
7:
3246:
785:Carbone, Nick (September 12, 2012).
2974:United States Ambassadors to Canada
2275:United States Ambassadors to Turkey
1790:United States Ambassadors to Russia
1018:United States Ambassadors to Sweden
3363:Columbia College (New York) alumni
969:United States Ambassador to Canada
915:United States Ambassador to Turkey
553:United States Ambassador to Canada
491:United States Ambassador to Canada
25:
1418:United States Ambassadors to Peru
486:United States Department of State
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861:United States Ambassador to Peru
586:Legal Status of the Trade Union,
146:Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr.
3323:20th-century American diplomats
551:to Czechoslovakia (1945–1948),
429:Dulcie Hofmann Steinhardt Beau
1:
27:American diplomat (1892–1950)
3338:Diplomats from New York City
3333:Accidental deaths in Ontario
1480:and Minister Plenipotentiary
1159:and Minister Plenipotentiary
270:United States Ambassador to
217:United States Ambassador to
166:United States Ambassador to
110:United States Ambassador to
57:United States Ambassador to
707:Arlington National Cemetery
568:Jewish Agency for Palestine
420:Arlington National Cemetery
3379:
3358:Columbia Law School alumni
908:John Van Antwerp MacMurray
837:Lawrence Adolph Steinhardt
482:Laurence Adolph Steinhardt
388:Laurence Adolph Steinhardt
321:United States Minister to
200:John Van Antwerp MacMurray
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824:. The Political Graveyard
705:Steinhardt was buried in
513:. He became a member of
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2489:Ambassador Extraordinary
2440:Ambassador Extraordinary
2384:Minister Plenipotentiary
1571:Ambassador Extraordinary
1245:Ambassador Extraordinary
1025:Minister Plenipotentiary
357:John Motley Morehead III
2382:Envoy Extraordinary and
935:Anthony J. Biddle, Jr.
18:Laurence A. Steinhardt
640:Margaret Bourke-White
545:Franklin D. Roosevelt
345:Franklin D. Roosevelt
293:Franklin D. Roosevelt
240:Franklin D. Roosevelt
189:Franklin D. Roosevelt
871:Raymond Henry Norweb
700:Operation Tidal Wave
564:Jewish National Fund
409:Ramsayville, Ontario
314:Raymond Henry Norweb
2491:and Plenipotentiary
2442:and Plenipotentiary
1573:and Plenipotentiary
1478:Envoy Extraordinary
1247:and Plenipotentiary
1157:Envoy Extraordinary
898:William H. Standley
854:Fred Morris Dearing
698:On August 1, 1943,
511:Columbia Law School
507:Columbia University
440:Columbia University
393:New York City, U.S.
369:Fred Morris Dearing
303:Fred Morris Dearing
263:William H. Standley
36:Laurence Steinhardt
2481:Republic of Turkey
2166:Russian Federation
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2321:Minister Resident
2300:Chargé d'Affaires
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1432:Chargé d'Affaires
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1101:Minister Resident
1050:Chargé d'Affaires
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976:Succeeded by
949:Succeeded by
922:Succeeded by
895:Succeeded by
868:Succeeded by
846:Diplomatic posts
681:War Refugee Board
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16:(Redirected from
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959:Preceded by
952:Joseph E. Jacobs
932:Preceded by
905:Preceded by
881:Joseph E. Davies
878:Preceded by
851:Preceded by
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791:newfeed.time.com
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750:. Archived from
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727:John Gordon Mein
576:Hamilton College
522:Samuel Untermyer
404:
379:Personal details
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689:Pope John XXIII
656:Franz von Papen
572:Harry S. Truman
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416:Resting place
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61:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3077:Wigglesworth
3048:
2844:Temple Black
2758:
2583:Strausz-Hupé
2517:
2479:
2290:
2116:
2061:
2042:Soviet Union
1980:Breckinridge
1599:
1294:Strausz-Hupé
1210:
967:
962:Ray Atherton
940:
913:
886:
859:
826:. Retrieved
790:
780:
768:
756:. Retrieved
752:the original
742:
716:
704:
697:
686:
665:
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643:
632:
628:
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608:
602:
594:
591:
585:
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557:
549:
542:
529:
526:
519:
504:
481:
480:
403:(1950-03-28)
364:Succeeded by
331:
309:Succeeded by
280:
258:Succeeded by
227:
207:Succeeded by
176:
153:Succeeded by
134:Harry Truman
120:
98:Succeeded by
91:Ray Atherton
80:Harry Truman
67:
29:
3278:1950 deaths
3273:1892 births
3091:Butterworth
2716:(1919–1992)
2643:Satterfield
2628:Ricciardone
2045:(1933–1991)
1808:(1780–1917)
1517:Christiancy
1259:Butterworth
495:Ramsayville
352:Preceded by
299:Preceded by
246:Preceded by
195:Preceded by
141:Preceded by
86:Preceded by
3267:Categories
3049:Steinhardt
2759:Steinhardt
2588:Abramowitz
2518:Steinhardt
2464:Morgenthau
2373:Longstreet
2062:Steinhardt
1865:Cambreleng
1665:Shlaudeman
1600:Steinhardt
1585:Poindexter
1369:Ramanathan
1354:Brzezinski
1211:Steinhardt
1067:Somerville
973:1948–1950
946:1944–1948
919:1941–1945
892:1939–1941
865:1937–1939
828:January 3,
734:References
693:Vatican II
459:Profession
435:Alma mater
3161:Blanchard
2895:Stapleton
2774:Wadsworth
2734:Ratshesky
2528:Wadsworth
2513:MacMurray
2181:Pickering
1995:McCormick
1985:Hitchcock
1940:Stoughton
1875:Ingersoll
1835:Middleton
1274:Bonbright
1108:Schroeder
1092:Schroeder
1087:Ellsworth
648:Kuybyshev
588:June 1915
501:Biography
341:President
332:In office
290:President
281:In office
237:President
228:In office
186:President
177:In office
130:President
121:In office
77:President
68:In office
3239:Category
3189:Jacobson
3175:Cellucci
3133:Robinson
3084:Merchant
3070:Merchant
3056:Woodward
3042:Atherton
3028:Cromwell
3000:MacNider
2993:Phillips
2915:Schapiro
2900:Cabaniss
2890:Shattuck
2839:Niemczyk
2729:Einstein
2598:Grossman
2568:Macomber
2543:F Warren
2538:A Warren
2503:Sherrill
2459:Rockhill
2449:Leishman
2431:Leishman
2411:Thompson
2358:MacVeagh
2348:Williams
2221:Sullivan
2216:Huntsman
2191:Vershbow
2124:Stoessel
2107:Thompson
2097:Thompson
2077:W. Smith
2072:Harriman
2067:Standley
2010:Rockhill
1970:C. Smith
1900:Appleton
1845:Buchanan
1840:Randolph
1830:Campbell
1728:McKinley
1713:Hamilton
1695:Brayshaw
1690:Quainton
1635:Achilles
1625:Tittmann
1580:Gonzales
1562:McMillin
1542:McKenzie
1492:Robinson
1449:Thornton
1334:Heimbold
1309:Forsberg
1254:Matthews
1236:Matthews
1221:Sterling
1206:Morehead
1201:Harrison
1176:Ferguson
1128:Bartlett
1123:Campbell
1118:Haldeman
1072:Appleton
1057:Lawrence
758:June 14,
721:See also
578:, 1950.
532:U.S Army
465:Diplomat
411:, Canada
3251:Commons
3182:Wilkins
3105:Schmidt
3007:Robbins
2829:Matlock
2789:Ravndal
2784:Allison
2779:Johnson
2623:Jeffrey
2613:Edelman
2608:Pearson
2593:Barkley
2563:Handley
2508:Skinner
2416:Terrell
2391:Wallace
2368:Maynard
2186:Collins
2176:Strauss
2149:Strauss
2144:Matlock
2139:Hartman
2052:Bullitt
2025:Francis
1960:Lothrop
1915:C. Clay
1910:Cameron
1905:C. Clay
1895:Pickens
1890:Seymour
1855:J. Clay
1850:Wilkins
1825:Pinkney
1738:Nichols
1723:Struble
1655:Belcher
1595:Dearing
1522:Hurlbut
1454:Pickett
1324:Siebert
1289:Holland
1279:Parsons
1231:Dreyfus
1226:Johnson
1216:Dearing
1138:Stevens
1133:Andrews
1032:Russell
802:Sources
793:. Time.
679:of The
3196:Heyman
3168:Giffin
3154:Teeley
3126:Curtis
3119:Enders
3112:Porter
3098:Linder
3063:Stuart
3035:Moffat
3014:Armour
2905:Graber
2885:Walker
2880:Basora
2849:Basora
2824:Meehan
2814:Sherer
2799:Horsey
2794:Wailes
2769:Briggs
2764:Jacobs
2754:Biddle
2744:Wright
2618:Wilson
2603:Parris
2573:Spiers
2533:McGhee
2523:Wilson
2454:Straus
2426:Straus
2421:Angell
2406:Hirsch
2401:Straus
2353:Morris
2343:Spence
2328:Porter
2312:Porter
2307:Erving
2206:McFaul
2201:Beyrle
2134:Watson
2102:Kohler
2092:Bohlen
2087:Kennan
2057:Davies
2005:Riddle
1945:Foster
1930:Jewell
1920:Curtin
1860:Dallas
1733:Likins
1718:Dawson
1698:(a.i.)
1685:Watson
1680:Jordan
1640:Chapin
1630:Briggs
1620:Cooper
1615:Pawley
1605:Norweb
1557:Howard
1547:Dudley
1527:Phelps
1507:Thomas
1502:Settle
1464:Jewett
1444:Larned
1439:Cooley
1364:Howery
1349:Barzun
1339:Bivins
1319:Redman
1314:Newell
1191:Morris
1186:Graves
1181:Thomas
1171:Thomas
1143:Thomas
1077:Hughes
1062:Hughes
713:Family
636:Samara
621:, 1931
468:lawyer
426:Spouse
323:Sweden
168:Turkey
59:Canada
3210:Cohen
3203:Craft
3140:Niles
3021:Roper
2925:Sabet
2910:Eisen
2834:Luers
2819:Byrne
2739:White
2724:Crane
2648:Flake
2633:Baily
2578:Spain
2558:Komer
2469:Elkus
2363:Boker
2338:Marsh
2226:Tracy
2211:Tefft
2196:Burns
2020:Marye
2015:Guild
2000:Meyer
1990:Tower
1975:White
1935:Boker
1885:Brown
1880:Bagby
1820:Adams
1748:Kenna
1703:Adams
1675:Ortiz
1650:Jones
1610:White
1590:Moore
1552:Combs
1537:Hicks
1512:Gibbs
1497:Hovey
1459:Bryan
1329:Olson
1299:Smith
1284:Heath
1269:White
1264:Cabot
1196:Bliss
1166:Magee
1148:Magee
1113:Angel
671:from
407:near
164:10th
2920:King
2809:Toon
2804:Beam
2749:Carr
2638:Bass
2553:Hart
2548:Hare
2498:Grew
2333:Carr
2129:Toon
2118:Dubs
2112:Beam
2082:Kirk
1965:Tree
1955:Taft
1950:Hunt
1870:Todd
1815:Dana
1708:Jett
1670:Corr
1660:Dean
1645:Loeb
1532:Buck
1487:Clay
1469:Clay
1359:Raji
1344:Wood
830:2021
760:2013
398:Died
384:Born
272:Peru
55:9th
3147:Ney
2396:Cox
1925:Orr
1743:Urs
1082:Lay
524:).
452:LLB
3269::
789:.
709:.
650:.
611:,
566:,
450:,
448:MA
446:,
444:BA
2959:e
2952:t
2945:v
2682:e
2675:t
2668:v
2260:e
2253:t
2246:v
1782:e
1775:t
1768:v
1403:e
1396:t
1389:v
1010:e
1003:t
996:v
832:.
762:.
454:)
442:(
20:)
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