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visited the site between the years 1874–75 and noted many caves, in one of which there were 120 niches in the wall, apparently used for urns. The site is similar to many of those in the region, having a network of
1356:; Ganor, Amir (2008). "Survey and Excavations at Ḥorbat Burgin in the Judean Shephelah: Burial Caves, Hiding Complexes and Installations of the Second Temple and Byzantine Periods".
1285:
The Survey of
Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer
662:
244:
archaeological site situated in Israel's
Adullam region, rising some 389 metres (1,276 ft) above sea level. The site lies 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northwest of
1299:
1248:
1471:
1406:; Gass, Erasmus (2011), "The Identification of Biblical Achzib at Khirbet ʿĒn el-Kizbe in the Judean Shephelah, and the Origins of Shimon Bar Kokhba",
303:
that is typically written without vowels. Archaeologists are divided as to the site's original name, some holding the view that it may have been the
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professed to be uncertain about the site of the biblical Libnah, and was equally unfamiliar with the connection between the Arabic name
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698:
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1012:
Klein, Eitan; Shai, Itzhaq (2016). "Burial Caves from the Late Bronze and Iron Ages at Horvat Lavnin in the Judean
Shephelah".
722:
1476:
276:
1511:
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Planning and
Building Committee announced that the site would be incorporated into a new national park in the Judean
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and Libnah (= "white"), although acknowledging that "it (Libnah) indicates the 'white' chalk of the
Southern
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339:
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rests at the top of the hill. A small area containing two pits and a room with an arched vault built of
323:
295:, meaning "white." Others say that its modern name represents "the hill of bricks," hence: Tell Livnin (
944:
1138:
686:
548:
471:
347:), the town would have still been settled and occupied as late as the 4th-century CE. Archaeologist
291:
is a reflection of popular etymology, the modern Hebrew name being a translation of the Arabic word
1279:
1122:
The Survey of
Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
1049:
910:
494:
454:). Some of these trees have protected status. The area abounds also in fowl such as the partridge (
426:
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based on its Arabic name, while others thought it to have been the Chezib of Judah, or the Azekah
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rejects the notion that the site could have been Chezib of Judah, saying that "since
1297:
Press, Michael D. (2014). "The Arabic Names of Tẹ̄l ʿẸ̄rānī and ʿIrāq el-Menšīye".
1134:
955:
940:
461:
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369:
1185:
Kallai-Kleinmann, Z. (1958). "The Town Lists of Judah, Simeon, Benjamin and Dan".
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1083:
Palestine in the Fourth
Century A.D.: The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea
120:
107:
406:
264:
30:
843:); A. F. Rainey (1983), p. 5; Pinhas Ne'eman, ed. (1963–1966), s.v. כזיב;
1395:
543:
archaeologist Boaz Zissu described what appeared to be a "lion's den" at
479:
475:
334:
1380:(1999). "Daniel in the Lion's Den (?) at Tel Lavnin, Judaean Shefelah".
1369:
1312:
1085:. Translated by G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville. Jerusalem: Carta. p. 68.
1014:
Tel Aviv. Journal of the
Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University
1337:
1206:
1073:
363:, it is questionable whether this site is the same as Eusebius’ ruined
253:
1156:
Joshua in 3-D: A Commentary on
Biblical Conquest and Manifest Destiny
597:
585:
581:
553:
410:
268:
83:
1329:
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1052:(1921–22). "Contribution to the Historical Geography of Palestine".
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The
Mediterranean plants endemic to the area are the Palestine oak (
511:
488:
343:
as "now being a village in Eleutheropolitana" (in the vicinity of
272:
866:"Bible Gateway passage: Joshua 10:10-11 - New King James Version"
580:, along with water cisterns carved into the bedrock. A decorated
852:
565:
547:(having a side-entrance and an observation point from above), a
785:: Mateh Yehudah News Journal, issue 496, 18 April 2019, p. 20;
492:) are also common to this region. More rarely, the mongoose (
1307:(2). Deutscher verein zur Erforschung Palästinas: 181–193.
1262:
Eusebius, Onomasticon - The Place Names of Divine Scripture
557:), burial tombs from the same period, fortifications, and
381:
both placed the ancient ruin of Libnah at the ruin called
1320:
Rainey, A.F. (1983). "The Biblical Shephelah of Judah".
367:." Others proposed that Libnah may be the ruin known as
1054:
The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
810:
808:
839:
Avraham Negev & Shimon Gibson (2001), p. 16 (s.v.
1322:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
539:
During an archaeological survey of the site in 1998,
391:
now stands; this view is also now largely rejected.
197:
189:
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176:
168:
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147:
136:
99:
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1143:Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund
1081:Chapmann III, R.L.; Taylor, J.E., eds. (2003).
416:after Makkedah and before Lachish and Hebron."
329:Depending on whether the site was the same as
588:stones was exposed in the northeastern part.
299:), based on a different pronunciation of the
8:
1225:Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land
16:
1300:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins
1290:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1127:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
704:General ruins at Lavnin (Kh. Tell el-Beida)
248:, and about 1 kilometer west-north-west of
1247:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1214:Ne'eman, Pinhas, ed. (1963–1966), "כזיב",
1060:. New Haven: Yale University Press: 1–46.
373:, a view now largely rejected. Travellers
172:Late Bronze, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine
29:
15:
1409:'Go Out and Study the Land' (Judges 18:2)
35:Den carved in white stone at Lavnin ruin
1223:Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon (2001).
974:Zissu, B. & Ganor, A. (2008), p. 62
901:Zissu, B. & Gass, E. (2011), p. 381
775:
646:
1441:Survey of Western Palestine, Map 21:
1240:
752:Hilltop ruin of Tell el-Beida (Lavnin)
728:View of valley below Kh. Tell el-Beida
802:; lit. "the ruin of the white mound".
764:Jewish burial cave and blocking stone
7:
922:Kallai-Kleinmann, Z. (1958), p. 155
237:
227:
1216:Encyclopedia of Biblical Geography
14:
1472:Former populated places in Israel
931:Press, Michael D. (2014), p. 183
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656:Deep cistern at the Lavnin ruin
1482:Archaeological sites in Israel
532:, thought to date back to the
180:Canaanite, Jewish, Greco-Roman
53:
1:
1462:Mateh Yehuda Regional Council
1218:, Tel Aviv: Yehoshua Tchechik
1193:(2). Leiden: Brill: 134–160.
1026:10.1080/03344355.2016.1215554
983:Zissu, B. (1999), pp. 563-573
277:Mateh Yehuda Regional Council
680:Open pit at the Lavnin ruins
541:Israel Antiquities Authority
530:underground hiding complexes
283:Etymology and identification
1517:Bar Kokhba hiding complexes
827:Hawk, L. Daniel (2010), p.
716:Stone relics at Lavnin ruin
561:era graffiti on the walls.
1533:
1497:Bronze Age sites in Israel
525:Palestine Exploration Fund
399:Palestine Exploration Fund
1418:10.1163/9789004214132_023
1390:(4). Jerusalem: 563–573.
892:(2003), p. 68, s.v. Lebna
40:
28:
21:
1502:Ancient Israel and Judah
1154:Hawk, L. Daniel (2010).
798:Palmer, E.H. (1881), p.
740:Wall structure at Lavnin
498:) and the honey-badger (
448:), and strawberry tree (
1467:Ancient sites in Israel
1125:. Vol. 3. London:
668:Cave entrance at Lavnin
818:(2005), p. 19, note 47
789:16 April 2019 (Hebrew)
521:Lieut. H. H. Kitchener
517:
467:Pycnonotus xanthopygos
409:, and it was taken by
1477:District of Jerusalem
516:Lintel on the hilltop
515:
190:Excavation dates
121:31.64028°N 34.95083°E
70:Alternative name
23:Khurbet Tell el-Beida
913:(1921-22), pp. 12-13
888:Chapmann III, R.L.;
549:Second Temple period
472:black-headed bunting
353:Khirbet Tell el-Bēḍā
252:, directly south of
1512:Tells (archaeology)
1507:Hebrew Bible cities
1256:Notley, R. Steven;
814:Notley, R.S. &
572:, on behalf of the
495:Herpestes ichneumon
427:Quercus calliprinos
375:C.W.M. van de Velde
311:Joshua 15:42; 21:13
259:In April 2019, the
117: /
61:Shown within Israel
18:
1492:Biblical geography
692:Gaping hole of pit
518:
501:Mellivora capensis
439:Pistacia lentiscus
433:Pistacia atlantica
384:ʻIrâq el-Menshiyeh
333:, as described by
261:Jerusalem District
137:Grid position
126:31.64028; 34.95083
1447:Wikimedia commons
1412:, Leiden: Brill,
1271:978-0-391-04217-9
1264:. Leiden: Brill.
1234:978-0-8264-1316-1
1187:Vetus Testamentum
534:Bar Kokhba revolt
478:. The species of
451:Arbutus andrachne
445:Rhamnus lycioides
415:
321:
318:
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220:Kh. Tell el-Beida
205:
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95:Judaean Mountains
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962:(1883), p.
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578:columbarium
508:Archaeology
345:Beit Gubrin
340:Onomasticon
246:Beit Gubrin
229:חורבת לבנין
124: /
100:Coordinates
1456:Categories
1258:Safrai, Z.
995:Tel Lavnin
875:2023-08-02
845:F. M. Abel
816:Safrai, Z.
770:References
545:Tel Lavnin
474:, and the
389:Kiryat Gat
357:Tel Lavnīn
349:Boaz Zissu
324:Epiphanius
216:Tel Lavnin
185:Site notes
112:34°57′03″E
109:31°38′25″N
1396:i40170804
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1346:163604987
1243:cite book
1178:636959402
1101:937002750
1034:133071420
960:Kitchener
559:Byzantine
407:Shephelah
287:The name
265:Shephelah
198:Condition
161:Abandoned
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1139:"Libnah"
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592:See also
476:titmouse
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387:, where
335:Eusebius
305:biblical
240:), is a
177:Cultures
78:Location
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1105:, s.v.
1074:3768450
643:Gallery
523:of the
470:), the
460:), the
397:of the
337:in his
307:Libnah
297:livanim
254:Nehusha
169:Periods
164:unknown
153:Founded
148:History
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301:Hebrew
289:Lavnin
269:dunams
234:Arabic
224:Hebrew
208:Lavnin
92:Region
73:Libnah
17:Lavnin
1392:JSTOR
1366:JSTOR
1342:S2CID
1334:JSTOR
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1203:JSTOR
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1107:Lebna
1070:JSTOR
1030:S2CID
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570:Zissu
489:Lepus
293:Beida
273:acres
271:(250
1422:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1249:link
1229:ISBN
1174:OCLC
1164:ISBN
1097:OCLC
1087:ISBN
853:ZDPV
566:2001
377:and
201:Ruin
193:2001
1443:IAA
1414:doi
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