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376:, then Port Simpson. The Gispaxlo'ots Tribe enticed the HBC to set up on their camping site and invited all members of the nine Allied Ts'msyen Tribes to live there and build their homes. The fort facility was named after Capt. Aemilius Simpson, superintendent of the HBC's Marine Department, who in 1830 had established the first, short-lived, Fort Simpson, on the nearby
84:
512:
452:. Today Lax Kwʼalaams is the largest of the seven Tsimshian village communities (882 living in the village) in Canada and hosts the Lax Kw'alaams Band main offices which serves over 4100 members. The Lax Kw'alaams Band has the third largest indigenous membership in BC (over 4100). As of 2024 the
677:
678:"Census Profile, 2016 Census - Lax Kwʼalaams 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Skeena-Queen Charlotte, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia"
754:
805:
Lindo, John; Huerta-Sánchez, Emilia; Nakagome, Shigeki; Rasmussen, Morten; Petzelt, Barbara; Mitchell, Joycelynn; Cybulski, Jerome S.; Willerslev, Eske; DeGiorgio, Michael (2016-11-15).
399:
brought
Christianity to Lax Kwʼalaams. But, feeling that the dissipated fort atmosphere was bad for the souls of his Tsimshian followers, he relocated with more than 800 of his flock to
940:
76:
112:
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Duncan estimated the population of Lax Kwʼalaams in 1857 as 2,300, living in 140 houses. Approximately 500 died shortly after Duncan's departure during the
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449:
500:
434:
392:
of the
Gispaxloʼots, as part of the diplomacy which established the fort on Gispaxloʼots territory. Kennedy served at Fort Simpson until 1856.
456:
has over 4,100 members. There are about 10,000 Tsimshian in
British Columbia; they are the most numerous indigenous people in the province.
701:
426:). Crosby's wife, Emma Crosby, founded the Methodist-affiliated Crosby Girls' Home in the community in the 1880s. It became part of B.C.'s
437:
was founded in Port
Simpson as the province's first Native-run rights organization. Its four founders included the Tsimshian ethnologist
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along the
Pacific Coast. The first HBC factor at the new Fort Simpson was Dr. John Frederick Kennedy. He married the daughter of chief
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Calvin Helin - Tsimshian Lax Kw'alaams (2008) "Dancing with dependency," (2010) "Out of poverty through self-reliance"
396:
474:
system, with property and descent passed through the maternal lines. Hereditary chiefs come from the maternal lines.
368:, which means "place of the wild roses". It was an active camping spot of the Gispaxloʼots tribe. In 1834 the
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Until it was renamed, Port
Simpson was named for Captain Aemilius Simpson a distant relative of
807:"A time transect of exomes from a Native American population before and after European contact"
779:"Science is finally backing up what First Nations oral tradition has been saying for centuries"
879:
852:
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The
Heavens Are Changing: Nineteenth-Century Protestant Missions and Tsimshian Christianity.
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Good
Intentions Gone Awry: Emma Crosby and the Methodist Mission on the Northwest Coast.
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704:. British Columbia Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation. Archived from
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467:, which represents the hereditary chiefs of the Nine Tribes. The Tsimshian have a
586:, singer-songwriter, speaker, educator, recording artist, playwright, and author
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468:
341:
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547:
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1000 to 6000 years ago with their descendants in the Lax-Kwʼalaams community.
384:. The HBC set up Fort Simpson in order to undermine American dominance of the
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church arrived. The community is still predominantly
Methodist (i.e.
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27:"Port Simpson" redirects here. For the coastal town in Labrador, see
483:
linked the genome of 25 Indigenous people who inhabited modern-day
459:
The legal and political interests of the people of Lax Kwʼalaams
604:
Thomas Crosby and the
Tsimshian: Small Shoes for Feet Too Large.
629:
Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 7: Northwest Coast,
463:
the provincial and federal governments are represented by the
414:
Lax Kwʼalaams was without missionaries until 1874, when Rev.
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403:, at Metlakatla Pass just to the south. They later moved to
312:, which is shared with other residential communities of the
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627:(1990) "Tsimshians of British Columbia since 1900." In
407:, where he gained authority from the US Congress for an
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pp. 285–293. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
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Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
727:
BC Names/GeoBC entry "Port Simpson 1 (Indian reserve)"
676:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2017-02-08).
620:
Afterword by Caroline Dudoward. Vancouver: UBC Press.
611:
University of Washington Publications in Anthropology,
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Garfield, Viola (1939) "Tsimshian Clan and Society,"
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62:Lax Kwʼalaams backdropped by Mount McNeil of the
34:District municipality in British Columbia, Canada
643:A Pour of Rain: Stories from a West Coast Fort.
702:"Guide to Pronunciation of B.C. First Nations"
518:Old Hudson's Bay Co. trading post, early 1900s
8:
878:(3rd, 1997 ed.), Vancouver: UBC Press,
738:BC Names entry "Lax Kwaʼalaams (community)"
671:
669:
652:Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
36:
870:Akrigg, G.P.V.; Akrigg, Helen B. (1986),
846:
634:Large, R. Geddes (1957; reprinted, 1981)
395:In 1857 an Anglican lay missionary named
372:(HBC) set up a trading post there called
777:Mortillaro, Nicole (November 22, 2016).
450:1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
430:system in 1893 and operated until 1948.
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556:, hereditary chief, carver and activist
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477:In November 2016, a study published in
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435:Native Brotherhood of British Columbia
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316:Nation. The Nine Allied Tribes are:
188:109.3 km (42.2 sq mi)
18:Lax Kw'alaams, British Columbia
465:Allied Tsimshian Tribes Association
304:, Canada, not far from the city of
941:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
616:Hare, Jan, and Jean Barman (2006)
538:, hereditary chief and ethnologist
25:
562:, linguist and artifact collector
310:Port Simpson Indian Reserve No. 1
638:Sidney, B.C.: Gray's Publishing.
613:vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 167–340.
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936:North Coast of British Columbia
485:Prince Rupert, British Columbia
592:, hereditary chief and diarist
1:
636:The Skeena: River of Destiny.
874:British Columbia Place Names
758:. Government of Canada. 2024
645:Vancouver: Raincoast Books.
360:Lax-Kwʼalaams derives from
243:Location of Gitxaala Nation
957:
568:, missionary and memoirist
454:Lax-kwʼalaams First Nation
26:
428:Indian residential school
108:
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55:
46:
364:, also formerly spelled
641:Meilleur, Helen (2001)
424:United Church of Canada
602:Bolt, Clarence (1992)
590:Arthur Wellington Clah
405:Annette Island, Alaska
209:9.1/km (24/sq mi)
913:BC Geographical Names
811:Nature Communications
648:Neylan, Susan (2001)
606:Vancouver: UBC Press.
554:Chief William Jeffrey
480:Nature Communications
443:Chief William Jeffrey
300:village community in
292:), previously called
49:District municipality
566:William Henry Pierce
506:Fort Simpson in 1857
370:Hudson's Bay Company
206: • Density
831:10.1038/ncomms13175
823:2016NatCo...713175L
708:on 18 February 2010
682:www12.statcan.gc.ca
623:Inglis, Gordon B.,
584:Shannon Thunderbird
308:. It is located on
124: /
100:in British Columbia
544:, hereditary chief
492:Sir George Simpson
409:Indian reservation
386:Maritime Fur Trade
296:until 1986, is an
198: • Total
185: • Total
128:54.550°N 130.417°W
530:Frederick Alexcee
524:Notable residents
382:Peter Skene Ogden
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790:November 22,
788:. Retrieved
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760:. Retrieved
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750:"St. Mary's"
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710:. Retrieved
706:the original
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433:In 1931 the
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374:Fort Simpson
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346:Gitwilgyoots
330:Gispaxloʼots
309:
294:Port Simpson
293:
248:
247:
97:
96:Location of
712:8 September
572:Terry Starr
469:matrilineal
326:Ginaxangiik
231:laxkwalaams
215:Postal code
172:Established
166:North Coast
131: /
119:130°25′01″W
925:Categories
687:2020-09-21
660:References
548:Bill Helin
401:Metlakatla
378:Nass River
350:Gitzaxłaał
318:Gilutsʼaaw
298:Indigenous
193:Population
116:54°33′00″N
931:Tsimshian
839:2041-1723
817:: 13175.
461:vis à vis
420:Methodist
322:Ginadoiks
314:Tsimshian
857:27845766
784:CBC News
762:July 26,
574:, artist
550:, artist
532:, artist
342:Gitsʼiis
152:Province
848:5116069
819:Bibcode
472:kinship
418:of the
356:History
338:Gitlaan
334:Gitando
226:Website
220:V0V 1H0
144:Country
902:Photos
882:
855:
845:
837:
625:et al.
390:Ligeex
348:, and
147:Canada
380:with
201:1,000
880:ISBN
853:PMID
835:ISSN
792:2016
764:2009
714:2010
180:Area
175:1834
843:PMC
827:doi
233:.ca
927::
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668:^
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279:ɑː
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859:.
829::
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815:7
794:.
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716:.
690:.
288:/
285:s
282:m
276:l
273:ˈ
270:ə
267:w
264:k
261:ə
258:l
255:/
251:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
