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would command a voyage to Japan, where he would exchange the castaways for economic agreements and concessions. Grigory
Shelikhov had proposed another plan that would make the Japanese castaways Russian citizens so that they would be Japanese teachers and translators, but Catherine chose Laxmann and
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for the summer. Laxmann sent Kodayu to
Tsarskoye Selo ahead of him, and Kodayu was able to meet with the Empress several times over six months, as a result of Laxman's dedicated efforts among the Russian bureaucracy, especially with Alexander Bezborodko and chancellor
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260:, at the recommendation of Carl Peter Thunberg, their teacher. There is no record that the letters ever reached the scholars, even though Adam Laxmann handed the letters to Ishikawa Tadafusa, a staff member of Tokugawa Shogunate, in
296:, one who died young, Afernaci and Martin and a daughter Mariya. He also lived with his younger brother, his wife and their two daughters, Anna and Elizabeta. Laxmann also had another younger brother, who lived in St. Petersburg.
167:, one of the first economic societies in Europe that was sponsored by Empress Catherine. The scientific achievements of Erik Laxmann were recognized and in 1770, he was appointed professor of chemistry and economy at the
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In 1780, Laxmann settled in
Irkutsk, where he would spend much of the rest of his life. In 1782, Laxmann founded a museum in Irkutsk, which is the oldest in Siberia. Laxmann also ran a glass factory in a suburb of
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Upon return to Saint
Peterburg from Barnaul in 1768, Laxmann gave up his career in religion and dedicated himself to science. A springboard for his scientific career was the membership in the
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to be allowed to return to Japan. During this stay in the capital, Laxmann began discussions on various matters with
Alexander Bezborodko, but succumbed to a bout of
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so Hoshu edited some books on Russia and Kodayu's experience. It would be possible to think that Hoshu may have known that
Laxmann had sent him a letter.
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62:. He is remembered today for his taxonomic work on the fauna of Siberia and for his attempts to establish relations between
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Although he had many connections to local people of importance, Laxmann developed an antagonistic relationship with
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Laxmann already had some knowledge about Japan before he met
Japanese castaways, reading books written by
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Let the Sea Make a Noise: Four
Hundred Years of Cataclysm, Conquest, War and Folly in the North Pacific.
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Bezborodko's plan. The elder
Laxmann remained in Russia while his son traveled with the castaways.
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In 1789, while doing research in
Irkutsk, Laxmann came across six Japanese who had been found in
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113:. His collection of material on the fauna of Siberia made him famous in scientific circles.
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155:(due to the Chancellor's high position, the use of intermediaries was normally required).
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Lagus, Wilhelm (1880). "Erik Laxman: hans lefnad, resor, forskningar och brefvexling".
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In 1791, Catherine agreed to a plan conceived by Laxman, under which Laxman's son, Lt.
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Laxmann recovered consciousness in early May when Catherine had just moved to
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as a business partner; the factory was roughly 36 metres (20
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In 1764, he was appointed as a preacher in a small parish in
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Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
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Laxmann had a wife, Yekaterina Ivanovna, five sons, Gustav,
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Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
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Biographical entry in Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish)
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532:18th-century scientists from the Russian Empire
224:which left him incapacitated for three months.
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73:In 1757, Laxmann started his studies at the
46:) (July 27, 1737 – January 6, 1796) was a
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582:Finnish people from the Russian Empire
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484:Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Bidrag
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557:Russian people of Swedish descent
542:Explorers from the Russian Empire
335:International Erik Laxman Society
173:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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44:Эрик (Кирилл) Густавович Лаксман
397:International Plant Names Index
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132:Alexander Andreyevich Baranov
552:Russian expatriates in Japan
248:Letters to Japanese scholars
169:Russian Academy of Sciences
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284:Erik Laxmann memorial in
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384:Openair Museum of Taltsy
36:Erik Gustavovich Laxmann
31:Erik Gustavovich Laxmann
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165:Free Economic Society
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504:Yamashita, Tsuneo.
307:author abbreviation
234:Alexander Vorontsov
218:Catherine the Great
194:Carl Peter Thunberg
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472:Katsuragawa, Hoshu
447:Nordisk familjebok
371:2007-02-11 at the
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109:and the border to
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547:Russian inventors
495:Daikokuya, Kodayu
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241:Adam Laxman
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431:References
402: Laxm
286:Savonlinna
276:His family
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342:Footnotes
300:In botany
461:(1993).
414:See also
369:Archived
206:Amchitka
508:, 2004.
499:Logbook
478:, 1794.
266:Okhotsk
124:Irkutsk
117:Irkutsk
107:Kyakhta
99:Irkutsk
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56:Finland
40:Russian
18:Laxmann
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318:citing
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