468:
3846:
3731:
3716:
3691:
3681:
3666:
3656:
3616:
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3866:
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2998:
3856:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3741:
3696:
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3636:
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3583:
3573:
3563:
3553:
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3293:
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3035:
3020:
2944:
2917:
2873:
62:
3504:
3492:
3475:
3463:
3426:
3409:
3393:
3366:
3339:
3287:
3265:
3238:
3196:
3184:
3142:
3130:
3108:
3071:
3014:
2972:
2955:
2938:
2911:
2889:
3896:
3520:
3271:
3244:
3168:
2922:
2895:
78:
3957:
3834:
2727:
706:
632:
3876:
3447:
3345:
3212:
3158:
3114:
3097:
3087:
3055:
2978:
616:
2333:
1384:
150:
3909:
3886:
3163:
85:
603:
housing towards emerging city suburbs (nearby hills: New
Batroun, Batroun Hills, Basbina, etc.) consequently to the overvaluation of the real estate market in the city centre. It clearly reveals here the constitution of a business city-centre (dedicated to leisure and business) balanced by the constitution of residential suburbs, where accelerated
624:
602:
Lately, the radical shift of the historical functions of the local economic tissue into a leisure service-based economy (nightclubs, bars, restaurants, stores, etc.) has become the unique and only lever of the development of the city. The economic metamorphosis has resulted in the resettlement of
655:
groves surround
Batroun, and the town has been famous (from the early 20th century) for its fresh lemonade sold at the cafés and restaurants on its main street. Biking along the Batroun coastline is also a major activity mainly in late summer days.
696:
recent years have seen municipal and parliamentary elections become a growing factor and interest in
Batroun. This is mainly in the context of local and national struggle for power. The current serving Mayor of Batroun is Marcelino El Harek.
659:
In 2009, the
Batroun International Festival was born. It began hosting leading local and international artists. The festival takes place usually in July and/or August of each year in the old harbor area.
1372:
3946:
5082:
5132:
5092:
3136:
406:(EA 078, EA 079, EA 081, EA 087, EA 088, EA 090, EA 093, EA 095, EA 124, EA 129), dating to the 14th century B.C. Batroun was mentioned by the ancient geographers
788:
1365:
61:
5087:
3939:
348:
1145:
2322:
1350:
573:
2760:
1358:
5117:
3932:
951:
Cum annotationibus L. Holsteinii, A. Berkelii et Th. de Pinedo. Vol. I, cum
Guilielmi Dindorfii praefatione, cui insunt lectiones libri Vratislav
677:
527:
467:
1302:
5127:
5102:
1194:"Realurbanism: or the Urban Realpolitik. Towards a " Spatialisation " of the Realist Paradigm from International Relations Theories »"
934:
296:
2863:
1324:
1724:
669:
648:
557:, which is constructed on an isolated massive rock with steep sides protruding in the middle of a plain surrounded by mountains.
423:
109:
954:
77:
4768:
1489:
673:
3956:
2315:
2244:
904:
5107:
333:
292:
2753:
764:
681:
577:
259:
251:
5122:
3924:
3869:
3845:
3730:
3715:
3690:
3680:
3665:
3655:
3615:
3605:
2229:
1929:
2300:
591:
Historically, the city of
Batroun was settled at the interface between the sea and the national road that connected
5112:
5097:
741:
868:
Pat-El, Naʾama; Stokes, Phillip W (24 August 2022). "The 'Aramaic
Substrate' Hypothesis in the Levant Revisited".
841:
Pat-El, Naʾama; Stokes, Phillip W (24 August 2022). "The 'Aramaic
Substrate' Hypothesis in the Levant Revisited".
5077:
5072:
3960:
2308:
2179:
1829:
1168:
479:
1050:"The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D."
4818:
3810:
3790:
3621:
2844:
2824:
2804:
2772:
1574:
1549:
607:
has led to the destruction of natural lands (pinewood and orange groves) and to the fatal rise in land prices.
427:
141:
2965:
3040:
2746:
992:
651:
churches. The town is also a major beach resort with a vibrant nightlife that includes pubs and nightclubs.
163:
4653:
3889:
2234:
1859:
1388:
1244:
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324:
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1894:
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1036:
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494:
230:
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2139:
2134:
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1193:
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908:
4783:
4763:
4593:
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487:
240:
175:
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3371:
3354:
3322:
3292:
3147:
3081:
3059:
3044:
3034:
3019:
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2927:
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2571:
2456:
4583:
4318:
3895:
3859:
3519:
3270:
3243:
3167:
2921:
2894:
2591:
2511:
2391:
2164:
2149:
1944:
1884:
1014:
983:
925:
805:
438:
314:
4542:
2666:
1049:
4707:
4338:
3913:
3736:
3661:
2416:
2189:
1499:
782:
542:
4837:
2641:
2616:
2566:
2556:
2421:
4954:
4257:
4165:
4129:
3849:
3746:
3711:
3641:
3578:
3558:
3065:
2711:
2661:
2606:
2601:
2561:
2541:
2501:
2441:
2366:
2340:
2219:
1979:
1974:
1904:
1444:
1320:
1298:
640:
546:
168:
2676:
2646:
2596:
2521:
2491:
2431:
2401:
2371:
4925:
4874:
4798:
4409:
4049:
3756:
2611:
2531:
2486:
2481:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2336:
2224:
1844:
1834:
1774:
1729:
1684:
1614:
1584:
1564:
1160:
877:
850:
596:
550:
445:
391:
352:
180:
28:
2726:
2701:
2681:
2526:
2476:
2446:
4277:
4242:
3879:
3671:
3415:
3259:
2536:
2471:
2249:
2144:
2094:
2064:
2044:
2014:
1989:
1984:
1934:
1899:
1589:
1312:
1103:
920:
644:
411:
375:
367:
277:
4367:
1814:
705:
631:
5020:
4702:
4638:
4588:
4552:
4498:
4308:
4170:
4108:
3899:
3510:
3350:
3119:
3025:
2706:
2551:
2466:
2451:
2279:
2214:
2194:
2129:
2099:
2049:
2029:
2024:
2004:
1994:
1969:
1849:
1809:
1719:
1609:
1459:
1239:
1116:
561:
509:
502:
453:
403:
3875:
3446:
3344:
3211:
3157:
3113:
3096:
3086:
3054:
2977:
615:
5066:
4965:
4728:
4459:
4439:
4298:
4273:
3651:
3631:
3538:
2988:
2716:
2631:
2621:
2254:
2184:
2119:
2074:
2039:
1864:
1629:
1624:
1569:
1554:
1464:
768:
569:
498:
344:
4960:
4950:
4833:
4668:
4488:
4484:
4247:
4222:
4150:
3989:
3721:
3548:
3399:
3382:
2900:
2209:
2199:
2169:
2159:
2124:
2114:
2109:
2084:
2069:
2059:
2034:
2009:
1764:
1749:
1679:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1539:
1529:
604:
554:
441:
1317:
A History of the
Crusades, Volume III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
530:
See has existed in
Batroun since the tenth century when the city was then called
4920:
4732:
4689:
4557:
4353:
4343:
4089:
4073:
4069:
3983:
3432:
3377:
3249:
3102:
3003:
2671:
2411:
2269:
2204:
2174:
2104:
2054:
1874:
1804:
1704:
1454:
930:
899:
685:
534:. After the Muslim conquests of the region, the name was Arabicized to Batroun.
3908:
4930:
4894:
4889:
4627:
4232:
4084:
3498:
3227:
2696:
2686:
2546:
2461:
2284:
2264:
2154:
2079:
1999:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1919:
1869:
1759:
1674:
1599:
1504:
1479:
1474:
1429:
1424:
1164:
723:
449:
383:
1218:
1032:
997:
966:
124:
111:
5051:
5046:
5036:
4945:
4843:
4822:
4673:
4633:
4578:
4358:
4186:
4044:
4014:
3979:
3701:
3676:
3481:
3276:
3124:
2961:
2426:
2089:
2019:
1964:
1824:
1819:
1799:
1789:
1739:
1709:
1689:
1604:
1524:
1514:
483:
434:
221:
4828:
4787:
4283:
3885:
3162:
881:
854:
17:
5010:
4813:
4778:
4758:
4752:
4748:
4648:
4608:
4573:
4521:
4504:
4322:
4313:
4104:
4093:
4063:
4054:
4004:
3469:
3360:
3077:
2769:
2406:
2289:
2274:
1779:
1734:
1714:
1579:
1419:
987:
538:
307:
5014:
5005:
4990:
4980:
4940:
4915:
4869:
4807:
4803:
4663:
4643:
4617:
4603:
4597:
4449:
4419:
4414:
4378:
4373:
4328:
4292:
4288:
4227:
4159:
4114:
4059:
4023:
4019:
3998:
3994:
3706:
3686:
3593:
3568:
3050:
2949:
2576:
2506:
1939:
1924:
1879:
1854:
1794:
1784:
1754:
1699:
1694:
1649:
1619:
1534:
1494:
1434:
1399:
1383:
774:
580:
517:
457:
415:
387:
386:
for an Aramaic term. Elie Mardini suggests the shift of the th to t in
155:
5041:
4995:
4985:
4969:
4934:
4899:
4884:
4879:
4793:
4711:
4697:
4658:
4613:
4547:
4434:
4423:
4394:
4217:
4196:
4155:
4134:
4118:
4099:
4079:
4039:
3801:
3530:
3202:
2878:
2855:
2835:
2795:
2436:
1909:
1744:
1594:
1559:
1544:
1519:
1449:
1409:
1268:
894:
652:
592:
407:
247:
226:
1146:"Local economic development via urbanism lever: the case of Lebanon"
623:
4999:
4975:
4864:
4859:
4772:
4742:
4738:
4531:
4454:
4399:
4363:
4348:
4333:
4302:
4251:
4237:
4201:
4029:
4008:
3781:
3766:
3726:
3452:
3328:
3298:
3217:
3190:
3173:
2983:
2815:
2651:
2516:
2496:
2239:
1914:
1414:
1404:
704:
630:
622:
614:
466:
390:
terms in the Levant is due to the merger of certain fricatives in
2738:
437:
founded Batroun on the southern side of the promontory called in
4623:
4537:
4463:
4444:
4404:
4191:
3601:
3318:
1669:
1644:
1634:
1484:
1469:
572:
of Lebanon and the seat of a Maronite diocese, suffragan to the
565:
512:
bishops are known to have come from Batroun: Porphyrius in 451,
472:
461:
66:
The port at the old city of Batroun with the St. Stephens Church
3928:
2742:
2304:
1354:
4494:
1839:
448:, Cape Lithoprosopon. Batroun is said to have been founded by
1340:
709:
Ancient Phoenician wall built for protection from tidal waves
2725:
619:"Makaad El Mir" ruins by the rocky beach in Batroun, Lebanon
338:
1096:
1031:
Malalas, Chronogr., XVIII, in P.G., XCVII, 704, cited in
965:
Malalas, Chronogr., XVIII, in P.G., XCVII, 543, cited in
482:, and later after the region was Christianized became a
823:
285:
5029:
4908:
4852:
4721:
4682:
4566:
4513:
4477:
4387:
4266:
4210:
4179:
4143:
3967:
3800:
3780:
3592:
3529:
2854:
2834:
2814:
2794:
2359:
258:
237:
220:
212:
207:
199:
191:
186:
174:
162:
140:
39:
553:in 1289. One of Batroun's archaeological sites is
497:, which also caused mudslides and made the Cape
402:Batroun is likely the "Batruna" mentioned in the
349:oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world
501:crack. Historians believe that Batroun's large
382:) in premodern Arabic texts, with the expected
5083:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Lebanon
3940:
2754:
2316:
1366:
8:
1269:"Its Bishops and Dioceses, Current and Past"
1201:Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning
3947:
3933:
3925:
2780:
2761:
2747:
2739:
2323:
2309:
2301:
1373:
1359:
1351:
787:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
639:Batroun is a major tourist destination in
576:. Since 1999, it has been the seat of the
36:
5133:Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon
5093:Populated places in the North Governorate
1019:Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Phoenicia
810:Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Phoenicia
574:Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch
1084:
2785:Sorted by modern states, with crusader
812:. Arnaldo Forni - Editore. p. lix.
753:
257:
219:
206:
198:
185:
139:
104:
70:
58:
1072:
1021:. Arnaldo Forni - Editore. p. lx.
780:
236:
211:
190:
173:
161:
7:
800:
798:
759:
757:
300:
5088:Populated coastal places in Lebanon
824:"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon"
379:
281:
564:rule, Batroun was the centre of a
505:was formed during the earthquake.
97:Location of Batroun within Lebanon
25:
668:The people of Batroun are mainly
520:, II, 827). According to a Greek
493:In 551, Batroun was destroyed by
478:The city was under Roman rule to
3955:
3907:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3844:
3832:
3769:
3759:
3749:
3739:
3729:
3714:
3694:
3689:
3679:
3664:
3654:
3644:
3634:
3624:
3614:
3604:
3581:
3571:
3561:
3551:
3541:
3518:
3502:
3490:
3473:
3461:
3445:
3440:
3424:
3407:
3391:
3370:
3364:
3353:
3343:
3337:
3321:
3291:
3285:
3269:
3263:
3242:
3236:
3210:
3194:
3182:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3128:
3112:
3106:
3095:
3085:
3080:
3069:
3058:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3018:
3012:
2996:
2976:
2970:
2953:
2942:
2936:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2893:
2887:
2871:
2331:
1382:
1219:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Bothrys"
549:, until it was conquered by the
148:
83:
76:
60:
4589:Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)
1389:Archaeological sites in Lebanon
84:
5118:Tourist attractions in Lebanon
3961:Phoenician cities and colonies
2245:Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)
1319:. Cambridge University Press.
1267:David M. Cheney (2012-10-24).
1117:"Eparchy of Batrun (Maronite)"
537:Batroun was controlled by the
516:about 512 and Stephen in 553 (
471:An autonomous coin of Botrys,
319:'the Cleft'), ancient
1:
587:Economy and urban development
541:in 1104, to be known as the
351:. It is the capital city of
339:
308:
5128:Christian cities in Lebanon
5103:Phoenician sites in Lebanon
3870:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
1930:Stone of the Pregnant Woman
1890:Roman hippodrome of Berytus
1144:Sfeir, Nagi (August 2018).
996:, VIII, xiii, 2), cited in
643:. The town boasts historic
430:called the city "Bostrys."
286:
5149:
4941:Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)
1106:- Batroun Official Website
870:Journal of Semitic Studies
843:Journal of Semitic Studies
765:Knudtzon, Jørgen Alexander
742:List of Lebanese monuments
328:
297:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
26:
4694:Portus Magonis (Portimão)
4258:Strato's Tower (Caesarea)
3824:
2783:
2779:
2723:
2347:
2180:Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai
1830:Phoenician port of Beirut
1750:Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze)
1395:
1297:. Yale University Press.
1165:10.22034/saues.2018.02.01
680:Christians. Batroun is a
105:
71:
59:
52:
34:City in North Governorate
4440:Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)
1550:Canalizations of Zenobia
1293:Barber, Malcolm (2012).
428:Theophanes the Confessor
370:, and is attested in as
343:), is a coastal city in
43:
27:Not to be confused with
1735:Kouachra megalith field
1625:Heliopolis in Phoenicia
993:Antiquities of the Jews
728:St. Stephan's Cathedral
203:34 m (112 ft)
3914:Catholicism portal
3890:Order of Saint Lazarus
2730:
2235:Temple of the Obelisks
1885:Roman Forum of Berytus
1785:Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir)
1535:Berytus (Roman Beirut)
1245:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
1122:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
947:Stephanus of Byzantium
710:
636:
628:
620:
475:
420:Stephanus of Byzantium
4284:Cape Melqart (Cefalù)
2729:
1895:Roman temple of Bziza
1440:Akkar plain foothills
1037:Catholic Encyclopedia
1002:Catholic Encyclopedia
971:Catholic Encyclopedia
708:
634:
626:
618:
470:
239: • Summer (
125:34.25000°N 35.65000°E
5108:Hellenistic colonies
4961:Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)
4799:Carthage (Cartagena)
4187:Callista (Santorini)
4125:Tipasa in Mauretania
4085:Rusippisir (Taksebt)
3840:Kingdom of Jerusalem
2787:names in parentheses
2697:Tannourine El Faouqa
1271:. Catholic-Hierarchy
1192:Sfeir, Nagi (2013).
1015:Hill, George Francis
806:Hill, George Francis
770:Die El-Amarna-Tafeln
714:The Ancient Sea Wall
635:Our Lady of the Seas
627:St. Stephen's Church
523:Notitia episcopatuum
488:Patriarch of Antioch
4698:Olissipona (Lisbon)
3860:Knights Hospitaller
2150:Tell Rasm El Hadeth
1295:The Crusader States
935:English translation
926:Naturalis Historiae
909:English translation
882:10.1093/jss/fgac002
855:10.1093/jss/fgac002
452:(Ethbaal), king of
439:classical antiquity
121: /
5123:Tourism in Lebanon
4870:Balanaea (Baniyas)
4100:Rusuccuru (Dellys)
3737:Saint Louis Castle
3662:Citadel of Tripoli
2731:
2360:Towns and villages
2190:Tell Sultan Yakoub
2140:Tell Neba'a Litani
2135:Tell Neba'a Chaate
1500:Baidar ech Chamout
1102:2010-04-16 at the
1055:. Earth-prints.org
711:
637:
629:
621:
543:Lordship of Botrun
476:
213: • Total
192: • Mayor
130:34.25000; 35.65000
5113:Crusader churches
5098:Phoenician cities
5060:
5059:
4690:Portus Hannibalis
4579:Arambys (Mogador)
4464:Ushu (Palaetyrus)
4445:Porphyreon (Jieh)
4314:Kapara (Soluntum)
4130:Tipasa in Numidia
4080:Rusicade (Skikda)
3922:
3921:
3850:County of Tripoli
3820:
3819:
3747:Scandelion Castle
3066:Caesarea Maritima
2905:Saint Jean d'Acre
2736:
2735:
2341:North Governorate
2298:
2297:
2230:Temple of Jupiter
2220:Temple of Bacchus
1980:Tell Ain Ghessali
1975:Tell Ain el Meten
1905:Saraain El Faouqa
1304:978-0-300-11312-9
1248:. David M. Cheney
1125:. David M. Cheney
953:, Leipzig, 1825,
547:County of Tripoli
480:Phoenice Province
337:
318:
306:
271:
270:
195:Marcelino Al Hark
169:North Governorate
16:(Redirected from
5140:
5078:Coloniae (Roman)
5073:Batroun District
4829:Tagilit (Tíjola)
4604:Shalat (Chellah)
4574:Azama (Azemmour)
3959:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3926:
3912:
3911:
3898:
3888:
3878:
3868:
3858:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3773:
3763:
3757:Sidon Sea Castle
3753:
3743:
3733:
3718:
3702:Deir Kifa Castle
3698:
3693:
3683:
3668:
3658:
3648:
3638:
3628:
3618:
3608:
3585:
3575:
3565:
3555:
3545:
3522:
3507:
3506:
3495:
3494:
3478:
3477:
3466:
3465:
3449:
3444:
3429:
3428:
3412:
3411:
3396:
3395:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3325:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3214:
3199:
3198:
3187:
3186:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3133:
3132:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3099:
3089:
3084:
3074:
3073:
3062:
3057:
3047:
3041:Belvoir Fortress
3037:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3000:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2958:
2957:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2875:
2781:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2740:
2337:Batroun District
2335:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2302:
2225:Temple of Eshmun
1835:Plain of Zgharta
1775:Maronite mummies
1730:Khirbet El-Knese
1685:Kamouh el Hermel
1615:Haret ech Cheikh
1585:Douris (Baalbek)
1565:Deir El Aachayer
1387:
1386:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1330:
1313:Runciman, Steven
1308:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1167:. Archived from
1150:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1113:
1107:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1005:
980:
974:
963:
957:
944:
938:
918:
912:
892:
886:
885:
865:
859:
858:
838:
832:
831:
820:
814:
813:
802:
793:
792:
786:
778:
761:
551:Mamluk Sultanate
456:(whose daughter
446:Byzantine Empire
392:Levantine Arabic
381:
353:Batroun District
345:northern Lebanon
342:
332:
330:
313:
311:
305:romanized:
304:
302:
289:
283:
244:
181:Batroun District
158:
154:
152:
151:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
126:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
87:
86:
80:
64:
37:
29:Batroun District
21:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5025:
4916:Aspis (Kelibia)
4904:
4848:
4717:
4703:Ossonoba (Faro)
4678:
4562:
4509:
4473:
4410:Athar (Tripoli)
4383:
4262:
4206:
4175:
4139:
4015:Iol (Cherchell)
3963:
3953:
3923:
3918:
3906:
3880:Knights Templar
3833:
3831:
3816:
3796:
3776:
3622:Beaufort Castle
3588:
3525:
3501:
3489:
3472:
3460:
3423:
3406:
3390:
3363:
3336:
3284:
3262:
3235:
3232:Castellum Regis
3193:
3181:
3139:
3127:
3105:
3093:Château Pèlerin
3068:
3011:
2969:
2962:Ateret Fortress
2952:
2935:
2928:Apollonia–Arsuf
2908:
2886:
2850:
2830:
2810:
2790:
2775:
2767:
2737:
2732:
2721:
2355:
2343:
2329:
2299:
2294:
2250:Tyre Necropolis
2145:Tell Qasr Labwe
2095:Tell Kabb Elias
2065:Tell Hoch Rafqa
2045:Tell El Ghassil
2015:Tell Bir Dakoue
1990:Tell Ain Saouda
1985:Tell Ain Nfaikh
1935:Tahun ben Aissa
1900:Sands of Beirut
1640:Jabal es Saaïdé
1590:Elaea (Lebanon)
1575:Deir Mar Maroun
1391:
1381:
1379:
1337:
1327:
1311:
1305:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1221:. Newadvent.org
1217:
1216:
1212:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1104:Wayback Machine
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1030:
1026:
1013:
1012:
1008:
981:
977:
964:
960:
945:
941:
921:Pliny the Elder
919:
915:
893:
889:
867:
866:
862:
840:
839:
835:
822:
821:
817:
804:
803:
796:
779:
777:. p. 1165.
773:. Vol. 2.
763:
762:
755:
750:
738:
724:El-Mseilha Fort
703:
694:
666:
613:
589:
545:as part of the
444:and during the
400:
368:Western Aramaic
361:
347:and one of the
238:
149:
147:
146:
129:
127:
123:
120:
115:
112:
110:
108:
107:
101:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:
88:
67:
55:
48:
45:
42:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5146:
5144:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5008:
5003:
4993:
4988:
4986:Sicca (El Kef)
4983:
4978:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4831:
4826:
4816:
4811:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4781:
4776:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4746:
4736:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4621:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4553:Ras il-Wardija
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4525:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4492:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4435:Gebal (Byblos)
4432:
4430:Botrys (Teros)
4427:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4316:
4311:
4309:Heraclea Minoa
4306:
4296:
4286:
4281:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4097:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4067:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4040:Kissi (Djinet)
4037:
4027:
4017:
4012:
4002:
3992:
3987:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3903:
3902:
3900:Teutonic Order
3892:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3852:
3842:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3764:
3754:
3744:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3709:
3707:Hasbaya Castle
3704:
3699:
3684:
3674:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3639:
3629:
3619:
3609:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3566:
3556:
3546:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3511:Khirbat Jiddin
3508:
3496:
3479:
3467:
3450:
3430:
3413:
3400:Tel Tanninim (
3397:
3380:
3375:
3358:
3348:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3296:
3274:
3257:
3247:
3225:
3215:
3200:
3188:
3171:
3134:
3122:
3117:
3100:
3090:
3075:
3063:
3048:
3038:
3023:
3001:
2986:
2981:
2959:
2947:
2925:
2898:
2883:Casal Imbertia
2876:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Ouajh El Hajar
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Kfour El Arabi
2579:
2574:
2572:Kfar Shlaimane
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2552:Kfar Chleymane
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Dahr Abi Yaghi
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2215:Temnin el-Foka
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:Tell Taalabaya
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:Tell Nahariyah
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2100:Tell Majdaloun
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2050:Tell El Hadeth
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2030:Tell Derzenoun
2027:
2025:Tell Delhamieh
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2005:Tell Bar Elias
2002:
1997:
1995:Tell Ain Sofar
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Tell Ain Cerif
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1850:Qalaat Tannour
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Nahle, Lebanon
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1720:Khallet Michte
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:Anjar, Lebanon
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1341:Ortmtlb.org.lb
1336:
1335:External links
1333:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1309:
1303:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1259:
1231:
1210:
1184:
1136:
1108:
1089:
1087:, p. 407.
1077:
1065:
1041:
1024:
1006:
975:
958:
939:
913:
887:
860:
833:
815:
794:
752:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
737:
734:
733:
732:
729:
726:
721:
718:
717:El-Bahsa beach
715:
702:
699:
693:
690:
682:Roman Catholic
678:Greek Orthodox
665:
662:
649:Greek Orthodox
612:
609:
588:
585:
528:Greek Orthodox
510:Greek Orthodox
503:natural harbor
404:Amarna letters
399:
396:
360:
357:
269:
268:
262:
256:
255:
245:
235:
234:
224:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
166:
160:
159:
144:
138:
137:
103:
102:
96:
90:
89:
82:
81:
75:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
46:
40:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5145:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:Marat (Amrit)
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4759:Gadir (Cadiz)
4757:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:Caricus Murus
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4538:Gaulos (Gozo)
4536:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4379:Ṣiṣ (Palermo)
4377:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3950:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3652:Byblos Castle
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3632:Beirut Castle
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3539:Ajloun Castle
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3387:Blanche Garde
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3367:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Castle Arnold
3118:
3115:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2728:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:Mrah Ez Ziyat
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Tell Shamsine
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Tell Mureibit
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Tell Khardane
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Tell el-Burak
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:Ras Baalbek I
1863:
1861:
1860:Qasr el Banat
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1845:Qal'at Bustra
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:Hermel plains
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Deir Al-Ahmar
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Dahr El Ahmar
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Augusti Pagus
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:Antelias cave
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1326:0-521-06163-6
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1174:on 2019-05-02
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:SAUES Journal
1147:
1140:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1085:Runciman 1989
1081:
1078:
1075:, p. 98.
1074:
1069:
1066:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:
989:
985:
979:
976:
972:
968:
962:
959:
956:
952:
948:
943:
940:
936:
932:
928:
927:
922:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
891:
888:
883:
879:
875:
871:
864:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
834:
829:
825:
819:
816:
811:
807:
801:
799:
795:
790:
784:
776:
772:
771:
766:
760:
758:
754:
747:
743:
740:
739:
735:
731:Historic Souk
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:Makaad El Mir
719:
716:
713:
712:
707:
700:
698:
691:
689:
687:
684:(Latin rite)
683:
679:
675:
671:
663:
661:
657:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:North Lebanon
633:
625:
617:
610:
608:
606:
600:
598:
594:
586:
584:
582:
579:
575:
571:
570:mutessariflik
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
499:Lithoprosopon
496:
495:an earthquake
491:
489:
485:
481:
474:
469:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
384:lenition of t
377:
373:
369:
365:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
341:
335:
326:
325:Ancient Greek
322:
316:
310:
298:
294:
290:
288:
279:
275:
267:
263:
261:
253:
249:
246:
242:
232:
228:
225:
223:
215:
202:
194:
182:
179:
177:
170:
167:
165:
157:
145:
143:
134:
106:Coordinates:
79:
63:
51:
38:
30:
19:
4669:Thymiaterium
4543:Għajn Qajjet
4429:
4368:Sant'Antioco
3990:Hippo Regius
3828:Associations
3809:
3789:
3722:Mseilha Fort
3672:Dubay Castle
3611:
3549:Kerak Castle
3514:
3485:
3456:
3436:
3419:
3401:
3386:
3383:Tell es-Safi
3332:
3312:
3302:
3280:
3253:
3231:
3222:Château Neuf
3221:
3206:
3177:
3029:
3008:Beth Gibelin
3007:
2992:
2931:
2904:
2882:
2867:
2843:
2823:
2803:
2786:
2667:Ram, Batroun
2396:
2351:
2350:
2210:Tell Zeitoun
2200:Tell Wardeen
2170:Tell Saoudhi
2165:Tell Safiyeh
2160:Tell Saatiya
2125:Tell Murtafa
2115:Tell Meouchi
2110:Tell Mekhada
2085:Tell Jezireh
2070:Tell Karmita
2060:Tell Hazzine
2035:Tell Dibbine
2010:Tell Beshara
1815:Neba'a Faour
1765:Majdal Anjar
1680:Kamid el-Loz
1665:Joub Jannine
1660:Jeita Grotto
1655:Jebel Aabeby
1610:Hadeth south
1540:Bustan Birke
1530:Belat temple
1509:
1316:
1294:
1273:. Retrieved
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1243:
1234:
1223:. Retrieved
1213:
1204:
1200:
1187:
1176:. Retrieved
1169:the original
1159:(2): 62–78.
1156:
1152:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1057:. Retrieved
1044:
1027:
1018:
1009:
991:
978:
961:
950:
942:
931:Latin source
924:
916:
905:Greek source
898:
890:
873:
869:
863:
846:
842:
836:
827:
818:
809:
769:
695:
667:
658:
638:
605:urban sprawl
601:
590:
559:
555:Mseilha Fort
536:
531:
521:
507:
492:
477:
442:Theoprosopon
432:
401:
371:
363:
362:
320:
284:
273:
272:
265:
260:Dialing code
4921:Bulla Regia
4469:Umm al-Amad
4354:Pantelleria
4223:Akka (Acre)
4109:Aïn Oulmene
4090:Rusubbicari
4074:Tamentfoust
4034:Constantine
3486:La Sephorie
3433:Tel Yokneam
3402:Torin Selin
3378:Tel Hanaton
3250:Migdal Afek
3026:Beit She'an
3004:Bayt Jibrin
2672:Ras Nahhach
2417:Beit Kassab
2412:Beit Chlala
2270:Wadi Yaroun
2260:Umm al-Amad
2205:Tell Zenoub
2175:Tell Serhan
2105:Tell Masoud
2055:Tell Fadous
1875:Ras El Kelb
1805:Nachcharini
1705:Kafr Tebnit
1455:Amlaq Qatih
1346:Batroun.com
1097:Batroun.com
1073:Barber 2012
903:, 16.2.18 (
900:Geographica
828:cal.huc.edu
686:Titular See
435:Phoenicians
366:appears in
282:ٱلْبَتْرُون
164:Governorate
128: /
5067:Categories
4931:Hadrumetum
4749:Akra Leuka
4628:Casablanca
4460:Sur (Tyre)
3579:Vaux Moise
3499:Umm Khalid
3313:Beauverium
2989:Bayt 'Itab
2687:Smar Jbeil
2642:Ouata Houb
2617:Mrah Chdid
2567:Kfar Hilda
2557:Kfar Hatna
2547:Kfar Abida
2462:Deir Billa
2285:Ain W Zain
2265:Wadi Koura
2155:Tell Rayak
2080:Tell Kirri
2000:Tell Ayoub
1960:Tell Addus
1955:Tell Ablah
1950:Tell Aalaq
1920:Sin el Fil
1870:Ras Beirut
1770:Mansourieh
1760:Lion Tower
1675:Kafr Zabad
1600:Fadous Sud
1505:Batroumine
1480:Ard Tlaili
1475:Ard Saouda
1430:Ain Harcha
1425:Ain Choaab
1275:2012-11-12
1252:23 January
1225:2012-11-12
1207:(1): 1–10.
1178:2019-05-02
1129:23 January
1059:2012-11-12
748:References
664:Demography
532:Petrounion
450:Ithobaal I
208:Population
187:Government
18:Le Boutron
5052:Tahpanhes
5047:Gibraltar
5042:Phoenicus
5037:Myriandus
4946:Kerkouane
4823:Almunecar
4634:Volubilis
4505:Tsabratan
4359:Selinunte
4329:Lilybaeum
4096:El Bahri)
4070:Rusguniae
4045:Macomades
3980:Cartennae
3677:Gibelacar
3482:Sepphoris
3277:Qalansawe
3137:Jerusalem
3125:Ein Hemed
2993:Bethaatap
2868:Fontenoid
2864:Abu Ghosh
2427:Boqsmaiya
2422:Bijdarfil
2349:Capital:
2090:Tell Jisr
2020:Tell Deir
1965:Tell Ahle
1825:Hosn Niha
1820:Nebi Safa
1800:Nabi Zair
1790:Moukhtara
1740:Ksar Akil
1710:Kfar Qouq
1690:Karak Nuh
1605:Hebbariye
1525:Beit Mery
1515:Bechamoun
1287:Citations
876:(2): 24.
849:(2): 24.
783:cite book
701:Landmarks
539:Crusaders
484:suffragan
424:Hierocles
359:Etymology
334:romanized
293:Christian
287:al-Batrūn
264:+961 (6)
222:Time zone
200:Elevation
116:35°39′0″E
113:34°15′0″N
5011:Thysdrus
4955:Monastir
4926:Carthage
4834:Toscanos
4814:Saguntum
4804:Rushadir
4753:Alicante
4683:Portugal
4649:Oualidia
4609:Tamusida
4558:Tas-Silġ
4522:Cospicua
4520:Maleth (
4339:Neapolis
4323:Cagliari
4289:Drepanum
4248:Shikmona
4166:Lapathus
4094:Zemmouri
4064:Azeffoun
4055:Rachgoun
4005:Igilgili
3975:Camarata
3712:Moinetre
3642:Belhacem
3559:Montreal
3470:Tiberias
3361:Tel Afek
3281:Calanson
3260:Montfort
3103:Destroit
3078:Cafarlet
2770:Crusader
2712:Wata Hob
2662:Rachkida
2607:Mar Mama
2602:Mehmarch
2562:Kfar Hay
2542:Kandoula
2502:Harbouna
2442:Chibtine
2407:Bchaaleh
2367:Aabdelli
2275:Yammoune
1780:Mayrouba
1725:Kharayeb
1715:Kfarhata
1580:Dekwaneh
1445:Al-Bireh
1420:Ain Aata
1315:(1989).
1240:"Botrys"
1100:Archived
1017:(1965).
988:Josephus
984:Menander
929:, 5.17 (
808:(1965).
767:(1915).
736:See also
692:Politics
670:Maronite
645:Maronite
578:Maronite
460:married
266:Landline
176:District
5015:El Djem
5006:Thapsus
4996:Tayinat
4991:Tabarka
4981:Ruspina
4909:Tunisia
4844:Tyreche
4808:Melilla
4769:Iboshim
4674:Rusibis
4644:Rusadir
4639:Mogador
4618:Tangier
4598:Larache
4567:Morocco
4499:Tripoli
4450:Sarepta
4415:Baalbek
4388:Lebanon
4374:Tharros
4293:Trapani
4160:Larnaca
4115:Thagora
4060:Rusazus
4024:Tigzirt
4020:Iomnium
3999:Algiers
3995:Icosium
3968:Algeria
3687:Coliath
3612:Batroun
3594:Lebanon
3569:Tafilah
3437:Caymont
3420:Belmont
3254:Mirabel
3228:Mi'ilya
3051:Burgata
3030:Bethsan
2950:Ascalon
2677:Selaata
2657:Rachana
2647:Qandola
2597:Madfoun
2577:Kfifane
2522:Ijdabra
2507:Hardine
2492:Hadtoun
2432:Chatine
2402:Basbina
2397:Batroun
2372:Aabrine
2352:Batroun
1925:Sarepta
1880:Rashaya
1855:Qaraoun
1795:Mtaileb
1755:Libbaya
1700:Kefraya
1695:Kaukaba
1650:Jdeideh
1620:Hashbai
1510:Batroun
1495:Baalbek
1435:Akbiyeh
1400:Aadloun
1039:article
1033:Bothrys
1004:article
998:Bothrys
973:article
967:Bothrys
775:Leipzig
674:Melkite
611:Tourism
597:Tripoli
581:eparchy
568:in the
562:Ottoman
518:Lequien
486:of the
458:Jezabel
416:Ptolemy
398:History
388:Aramaic
364:Batroun
336::
317:
301:בִתרוֹן
274:Batroun
156:Lebanon
142:Country
91:Batroun
44:البترون
41:Batroun
4970:Djerba
4966:Meninx
4951:Lepcis
4935:Sousse
4900:Ugarit
4890:Shuksi
4885:Safita
4880:Paltus
4788:Málaga
4784:Malake
4729:Abdera
4712:Tavira
4594:Likush
4548:Mtarfa
4485:Lepcis
4424:Beirut
4319:Karaly
4243:Reshef
4233:Michal
4218:Achzib
4211:Israel
4197:Rhodes
4180:Greece
4171:Marion
4156:Kition
4144:Cyprus
4135:Timici
4119:Taoura
4050:Malaca
3837:
3802:Turkey
3727:Nephin
3531:Jordan
3457:Ibelin
3333:Saphet
3309:Qastal
3203:Latrun
3178:Caypha
2879:Achziv
2856:Israel
2836:Greece
2796:Cyprus
2692:Sourat
2612:Masrah
2587:Koubba
2532:Jrabta
2487:Ghouma
2482:Ftahat
2437:Chekka
2387:Aartiz
2382:Aaoura
2377:Aalali
1945:Tayibe
1910:Shheem
1745:Labweh
1595:Flaoui
1560:Dakoue
1545:Byblos
1520:Beirut
1470:Apheca
1450:Amioun
1410:Aammiq
1323:
1301:
955:p. 117
895:Strabo
676:, and
653:Citrus
593:Beirut
560:Under
526:, the
508:Three
422:, and
408:Strabo
376:Arabic
340:Bótrys
329:Βότρυς
321:Botrys
309:Biṯron
278:Arabic
216:45,000
153:
47:Botrys
5030:Other
5021:Utica
5000:Thyna
4976:Ruspe
4895:Sumur
4875:Carne
4860:Arwad
4853:Syria
4838:Velez
4794:Onoba
4779:Mahón
4773:Ibiza
4764:Herna
4743:Ceuta
4739:Abyla
4722:Spain
4708:Balsa
4659:Gadir
4654:Zilil
4614:Tinga
4532:Mdina
4514:Malta
4489:Khoms
4478:Libya
4455:Sidon
4420:Birut
4364:Sulci
4349:Olbia
4334:Motya
4303:Erice
4274:Bitan
4267:Italy
4252:Haifa
4238:Jaffa
4202:Delos
4151:Dhali
4105:Sarai
4030:Cirta
4009:Jijel
3984:Tenes
3782:Syria
3767:Toron
3515:Judin
3453:Yavne
3351:Taibe
3329:Safed
3299:Qaqun
3218:Hunin
3207:Toron
3191:Jaffa
3174:Haifa
2984:Yazur
2966:siege
2932:Arsur
2816:Egypt
2773:sites
2707:Toula
2702:Thoum
2682:Sghar
2652:Racha
2627:Nahla
2527:Jebla
2517:Hilta
2497:Hamat
2477:Eddeh
2467:Douma
2457:Darya
2447:Daael
2290:Zahlé
2280:Yanta
2240:Toron
1940:Taire
1915:Sidon
1415:Aaqbe
1405:Aaiha
1197:(PDF)
1172:(PDF)
1149:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
986:, in
514:Elias
412:Pliny
380:بثرون
372:bṯrwn
248:UTC+3
227:UTC+2
4819:Sexi
4733:Adra
4664:Sala
4624:Anfa
4495:Oyat
4405:Arqa
4400:Ampi
4395:Amia
4344:Nora
4299:Eryx
4278:Chia
4228:Dora
4192:Paxi
3811:More
3791:More
3602:Arqa
3416:Suba
3319:Qula
3303:Caco
2901:Acre
2845:More
2825:More
2805:More
2717:Zane
2632:Niha
2592:Kour
2537:Jran
2512:Heri
2472:Douq
2392:Asia
2255:Tyre
1670:Jieh
1645:Jbaa
1635:Iaat
1485:Arqa
1321:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1254:2015
1131:2015
933:and
907:and
789:link
647:and
566:kaza
473:2 BC
462:Ahab
454:Tyre
433:The
315:lit.
295:and
252:EEST
54:City
4528:Ann
1840:Qaa
1161:doi
878:doi
851:doi
595:to
464:).
241:DST
231:EET
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