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eggs are large-sized and bluish green that may either contain various degrees of brown spotting or no markings. The eggs are generally laid once a day and incubation begins once the last egg is laid, and lasts from 14 to 20 days. The male generally provides the food for the female, as well as food for the young during the brooding stages. The female is more likely to incubate during at night, however. If the nest is destroyed or preyed upon, a new one is generally built, as they can have up to three broods during the reproductive season.
510:. The song starts softly, then increases in volume, and has a more measured delivery than that of the crissal thrasher. The song bouts have been compared to curve-billed thrashers, but are higher pitched and marked by clear intervals. The song is generally uttered from an exposed perch, and is generally heard either in the morning or in the evening, though it has been heard at night. Females also sing on occasion, in a manner similar to juvenile male LeConte's. Calls include a short whistle note
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42:
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This thrasher is a highly terrestrial bird, and is only seen flying when nest building or feeding its young. It runs at a surprisingly fast pace, even at speeds to outpace a trotting horse. When it does run, its tail is generally held upward, exposing its buffy crissum. LeConte's thrasher is a ground
478:
of grasses. Off-road vehicle use is a minor factor, while military operations conducted in the region have been considered, but not properly researched. However, there are apparent areas of suitable acreage for the thrasher that have not been utilized, and its population in undisturbed regions appear
402:
possess a sandy pale-gray color. The primaries and secondaries are grayish brown. The rectrices are of a darker gray brown that contrasts with the plumage. Lores and ear-coverts are a mottled gray brown. The throat is an off-whitish color of a darker stripe. The chest and belly is puffy gray, and the
543:
The singing season typically begins in mid-autumn and peaks around late
December and early January, when nest building begins. The nests are generally of a bulky build, with outer layer of twigs, a middle layer of twigs, grasses, and rootlets, and an inner layer of insulating materials such as fuzzy
560:
The egg dates generally range from
February to the end of May in California, and in the Sonoran region from December to April, though dates have been listed as early as late January and as late as the latter part of June. The clutch size ranges from 2 to 5 eggs, but the number is generally 3–4. The
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such as beetles, scorpions, spiders, grasshoppers, butterflies, moth larvae, and small lizards and snakes. Eggs are also part of its diet, including those of its own species. Plant consumption includes seeds and berries. The LeConte's conserve water as an adaptation to their arid habitat and obtain
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have been used when the general distance of nests off the ground are usually only half as low. Both sexes take part in nest building, although the participation of the male varies. Nest fidelity is generally observed with the species until one of the mates die. The territories of the nesting pairs
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The young are fed by both parents during the fledgling period, which can span from 12 to 20 days, and can be continued to be fed after for 15 to 18 days afterward, especially if the female is brooding the next clutch. At around 30 days old, the fledglings disperse, and may form small groups.
245:, where it blends in with the sandy soils. LeConte's thrashers are nonmigratory birds that reside in the same territory annually. Although the species has been decreasing in certain areas of its range, in particular California, it still is abundant enough to not be considered for
544:
plant seeds, leaves or flowers. Feathers and artificial material have been used as well, but these instances are rare. Dense and thorny shrubs such as the saltbush are preferred sites, although artificial sites such as abandoned vehicles and heights as high as 2.4 m with
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These birds are terrestrial and only fly occasionally. Both sexes are heavily involved in the nest building, incubating, and brooding process, though each alternates with primary responsibility of the tasks. LeConte's thrashers frequently compete with species such as the
431:, and where annual rainfall only averages 4 to 20 cm. The typical desert habitat consists of dunes, alluvial fans, and flat to gently rolling hills with shallow washes with sparse vegetation. The vegetation that it may utilize includes low vegetation such as
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to be more stable. Although the thrasher has relatively small numbers on a worldwide scale for a passerine, and has been listed as a species of concern in the state of
California, its large range overall justifies its status as least concern.
585:) while simultaneously disappearing into a bush head first in a slow motion. Their territories are most actively defended from early December to early February. Potential competitors for food and nesting sites include the
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vent and uppertail coverts are of a warmer tint in contrast to the palish chest and belly. The underwing is both gray and buff, with a brown-chestnut iris, a black-sickle shaped bill, and legs that are nearly black.
451:) to as high as 1,600 m, although 500 m above sea level is the average. It does not generally coexist with other thrashers due to its habitat, but does overlap breeding ranges and general habitat with the
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within the species. Their wings are typical of birds that are sedentary, as they are short and rounded. There are noted differences among the subspecies. The crown, back, shoulders, and rump of
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forager, and will dig small pits in leaf litter or soil to find its prey. It is a monogamous species, and generally seen in pairs, and juveniles may form small parties from two to eight birds.
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has a darker chest and underparts and a shorter tail. In its juvenile stages, the thrasher is darker brown, and its feathers looser and fluffy in appearance, especially on the vent.
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Lovette, I. J.; Arbogast, B. S.; Curry, R. L.; Zink, R. M.; Botero, C. A.; Sullivan, J. P.; Talaba, A. L.; Harris, R. B.; Rubenstein, D. R.; Ricklefs, R. E.; Bermingham, E. (2012).
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The song is a large, prolonged outpouring of warbled phrases that can be repeated two or several times and can be heard from considerable distances, which is typical of the genus
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and the fledgling dispersals. Males may give a visual display to intruding males by employing a head down position, showing off their crissum (the undertail
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and central and southern
Arizona, and is a resident species throughout its range. It resides in some of the harshest climates in its region, including the
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thrashers, in particular the sickle-shaped bill, longer legs and smaller wings indicated its adaption to a preference to running and digging for food.
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347:(such as a darker crown and lighter flanks), but is not justified by biochemical or morphological grounds. One study suggested that the
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what they need from their food. While they generally do not have to drink, there has been one recorded instance of such an event.
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as separate species, and treated as a separate species by other authors. and a name of
Vizcaino thrasher if it becomes official.
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LeConte's thrasher weighs from 55 to 75 g (1.9 to 2.6 oz) and are 24.5–29 cm (9.6–11.4 in), and there is no
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These birds defend their territory year-round, but males are generally less territorial in the summer months during
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613:. They may share the same nesting shrub or tree with their competitors, such as the loggerhead shrike.
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structure of the LeConte's is consistent with both its geographic distribution and genetics, with the
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991:"Evolutionary Patterns of Morphometrics, Allozymes, and Mitochondrial DNA in Thrashers (Genus
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291:(Lawrence, 1851) – range is from southwestern United States (south central and eastern
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The thrasher has had its population decline in certain regions of its range, notably the
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may be adjacent to one another due to food sources, although conflicts are rarely had.
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This bird ranges from
California as far west as the San Joaquin Valley through southern
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regions. Major reasons for its decline include urbanization, cultivation of land for
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8. Le Conte's
Thrasher (San Joaquin Valley Population) (Toxostoma lecontei lecontei)
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927:"Phylogenetic relationships of the mockingbirds and thrashers (Aves: Mimidae)"
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838:"AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America Proposal Set 2015-A"
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Some of the predators of the eggs, young, and adults of this species include
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group. The similarities with these three species contrasted with other
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Zink, Robert M.; Blackwell, Rachelle C.; Rojas-Soto, Octavio (1999).
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447:. The range of altitude spans as low as 80 m below sea level (in
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906:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático
623:. LeConte's thrasher has been recorded being victimized by the
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The two closest living relatives of LeConte's thrasher, the
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Birds of the Salton Sea: Status, Biogeography, and
Ecology
474:, oil and gas development, and fire with the increase of
1036:"The Birds of North America Online: Le Conte's Thrasher"
522:, along with the double-noted whistling distress call.
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McCaskie, Guy; Patten, Michael; Unitt, Philip (2003).
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1163:. University of California Press. pp. 259–60.
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1136:. University of New Mexico Press. pp. 454–5.
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703:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22711121A131112198.en
556:LeConte's thrasher illustration from Merriam, 1895
355:in Baja California acting as a barrier initiating
265:, as well as being potential prey for the latter.
390:Leconte's thrasher illustration from Baird, 1905
343:only exhibits minor differences in plumage from
1130:Corman, Troy E.; Wise-Gervais, Cathryn (2005).
1226:. California State University Stanislaus. 2006
901:"Capítulo 15 Filogeografía de aves mexicanas"
8:
1256:. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. p. 15
989:Zink, Robert M.; Dittmann, Donna L. (1999).
1641:Endemic birds of Southwestern North America
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860:"Species Limits in the Le Conte's Thrasher"
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339:by some authors, however. A proposed race
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783:. Yale University Press. pp. 238–9.
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1651:Fauna of the Lower Colorado River Valley
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627:in a least one instance, but not by the
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281:who eventually became president of the
1104:. Bureau of Land Management California
1676:Taxa named by George Newbold Lawrence
934:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
530:The diet is omnivorous, and includes
303:) to northwestern Mexico (north east
7:
335:still is treated as a subspecies of
1626:IUCN Red List least concern species
1224:Endangered Species Recovery Program
689:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
812:"Le Conte's or Vizcaino Thrasher)"
273:LeConte's thrasher is named after
25:
321:; west coast of Baja California.
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1278:
84:
845:American Ornithological Society
678:BirdLife International (2018).
229:) is a pale bird found in the
1:
780:Wrens, Dippers, and Thrashers
329:American Ornithologists Union
1646:Fauna of the Colorado Desert
285:. There are two subspecies:
1661:Fauna of the Sonoran Desert
1133:Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas
954:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.07.009
616:They are rarely victims of
1692:
1251:"Bird Songs of California"
231:southwestern United States
836:Tweit, Robert C. (2015).
696:: e.T22711121A131112198.
569:Predators and competitors
327:has been proposed by the
275:Dr. John Lawrence LeConte
214:LeConte's thrasher range
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186:
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81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1656:Fauna of the Yuma Desert
237:. It prefers to live in
18:Le Conte's thrasher
1671:Birds described in 1851
638:, greater roadrunners,
1095:"LeConte's Thrasher -
777:Brewer, David (2001).
603:black-throated sparrow
557:
494:
391:
555:
490:
389:
357:allopatric speciation
1287:at Wikimedia Commons
629:brown-headed cowbird
587:northern mockingbird
299:, and south central
255:northern mockingbird
946:2012MolPE..63..219L
453:California thrasher
364:California thrasher
51:Conservation status
35:LeConte's thrasher
1603:Toxostoma-lecontei
1486:le-contes-thrasher
1372:Toxostoma_lecontei
1347:Toxostoma lecontei
1317:Toxostoma lecontei
1297:Toxostoma lecontei
1285:Toxostoma lecontei
1097:Toxostoma lecontei
682:Toxostoma lecontei
640:antelope squirrels
611:greater roadrunner
558:
495:
492:Toxostoma lecontei
468:San Joaquin Valley
429:San Joaquin Valley
392:
341:T.c. macmillanorum
263:greater roadrunner
226:Toxostoma lecontei
221:LeConte's thrasher
190:Toxostoma lecontei
1613:
1612:
1585:Open Tree of Life
1309:Taxon identifiers
1283:Media related to
790:978-0-300-09059-8
595:loggerhead shrike
419:and southwestern
411:Range and habitat
396:sexual dimorphism
259:loggerhead shrike
241:with very little
233:and northwestern
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16:(Redirected from
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581:surrounding the
476:invasive species
368:crissal thrasher
319:Rosalia thrasher
317:(Anthony, 1897)
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349:phylogeographic
305:Baja California
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66:Least Concern
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19:
1316:
1258:. Retrieved
1228:. Retrieved
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966:the original
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445:Mojave yucca
441:cholla cacti
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29:
1572:Neotropical
1546:NatureServe
1494:iNaturalist
1341:Wikispecies
709:12 November
607:cactus wren
599:house finch
546:smoke trees
382:Description
1620:Categories
1598:Xeno-canto
1260:28 January
1230:28 January
1108:28 January
975:2015-09-04
910:28 January
867:The Condor
662:References
621:parasitism
609:, and the
532:arthropods
293:California
247:vulnerable
243:vegetation
1636:Toxostoma
1631:Thrashers
993:Toxostoma
814:. Avibase
658:species.
512:suuuweeee
508:Toxostoma
472:livestock
460:Coachella
376:Toxostoma
166:Species:
159:Toxostoma
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1551:2.103738
1538:22711121
1512:11164895
1398:22711121
1393:BirdLife
1332:Q3181161
1326:Wikidata
962:21867766
847:: 32–34.
818:14 March
539:Breeding
483:Behavior
466:and the
464:Imperial
437:creosote
433:saltbush
427:and the
372:lecontei
366:and the
337:lecontei
269:Taxonomy
249:status.
197:Lawrence
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1476:5231703
1380:Avibase
1022:4089682
1002:The Auk
942:Bibcode
887:1370231
652:coyotes
618:cowbird
579:coverts
575:molting
520:pooh-ip
516:hew-eep
301:Arizona
239:deserts
154:Genus:
148:Mimidae
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1590:410208
1577:lecthr
1525:178645
1483:GNAB:
1458:EURING
1450:lecthr
1424:lecthr
1411:117018
1360:lecoth
1167:
1140:
1020:
960:
885:
787:
583:cloaca
443:, and
417:Nevada
309:Sonora
235:Mexico
199:, 1851
1564:55419
1507:IRMNG
1499:14892
1463:10750
1445:eBird
1437:57MNW
1254:(PDF)
1102:(PDF)
1018:JSTOR
998:(PDF)
969:(PDF)
930:(PDF)
904:(PDF)
883:JSTOR
863:(PDF)
841:(PDF)
656:snake
277:, an
1559:NCBI
1533:IUCN
1520:ITIS
1471:GBIF
1406:BOLD
1262:2015
1232:2015
1165:ISBN
1138:ISBN
1110:2015
958:PMID
912:2015
820:2015
785:ISBN
711:2021
694:2018
648:dogs
526:Diet
502:Song
421:Utah
297:Utah
261:and
128:Aves
1432:CoL
1419:BOW
1367:ADW
1356:ABA
1010:doi
1006:116
950:doi
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698:doi
518:or
311:).
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
