769:
306:
48:
218:
418:
325:
269:
342:
287:
251:
233:
35:
479:
is whitish, sometimes darkening following exposure. In young specimens, the meat is relatively firm, but it very soon becomes spongy and holds water, especially in rainy weather. When cooked, the meat of the birch bolete turns black.
436:
The pores are whitish at a young age, later gray. In older specimens, the pores on the pileus can bulge out, while around the stipe they dent in strongly. The pore covering is easy to remove from the skin of the pileus.
1355:
432:
is 5–15 cm (2–6 in) wide. At first, it is hemispherical, and later becomes flatter. The skin of the cap is tan or brownish, usually with a lighter edge; it is smooth, bald, and dry to viscid.
1274:
1106:
530:
A few reports in North
America (New England and the Rocky Mountains) after 2009 suggest that Leccinums (birch boletes) should only be consumed with much caution.
1158:
1222:
1005:
860:
159:
1261:
1080:
217:
807:
Ohenoja, Esteri; Koistinen, Riitta (1984). "Fruit body production of larger fungi in
Finland. 2: Edible fungi in northern Finland 1976–1978".
791:
701:
405:
trees. It fruits from June to
October. This mushroom is also becoming increasingly common in Australia and New Zealand where it is likely
663:
630:
1335:
835:
1350:
593:
1345:
1145:
527:. It is used also in mixed mushroom dishes, fried or steamed. It is commonly harvested for food in Finland and Russia.
1163:
533:
In Nordic countries all
Leccinum species are considered likely poisonous unless cooked for at least 15-20 minutes.
47:
1340:
584:
1360:
768:
958:
505:
to various areas of the world, mostly appearing in urban areas. In New
Zealand, it associates solely with
486:
has been found in association with ornamental birch trees planted outside of its native range, such as in
1330:
559:
163:
142:
996:
884:
1302:
1253:
1173:
1072:
1041:
519:
The birch bolete is edible but considered not to be worthwhile by some guides. It can be pickled in
553:
394:
1137:
816:
502:
406:
172:
42:
947:
655:
648:
1279:
1111:
1325:
1235:
1028:
787:
697:
659:
626:
622:
565:
429:
256:
863:
Wild
Mushroom Warning: The Scaber Stalks (Leccinum species) May No Longer Be Considered Safe
755:
614:
571:
476:
441:
292:
717:
1181:
378:
348:
468: in) wide, slim, with white and dark to black flakes, and tapers upward. The basic
1248:
1067:
507:
89:
902:
417:
1319:
1227:
1010:
615:
79:
547:
mushrooms are found in mycorrhiza with birches, and can be confused by amateurs and
1033:
760:
743:
1240:
569:
is darker in color and has yellowish hues under the skin of the pileus and stipe.
1213:
691:
1150:
1132:
1093:
990:
332:
312:
487:
398:
382:
109:
981:
1054:
390:
99:
59:
696:. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 227–228.
34:
1287:
1207:
1186:
1119:
1020:
975:
548:
543:
469:
274:
242:
223:
194:
119:
932:
Pilze. Band 2: Röhrlinge, Porlinge, Bauchpilze, Schlauchpilze und andere
820:
1266:
1085:
524:
1292:
1124:
1098:
69:
952:
1059:
520:
416:
402:
563:
has firmer, pinkish flesh and a different pileus skin structure.
1046:
650:
Mushrooms
Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi
956:
617:
Common Edible & Poisonous
Mushrooms of the Northeast
444:
is 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 1–3.5 cm (
1356:
Taxa named by Jean
Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
1197:
965:
389:. The birch bolete is widespread in Europe, in the
339:
322:
302:
284:
266:
248:
230:
211:
654:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp.
647:
621:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. pp.
8:
934:, (Spektrum der Natur BLV Intensiv), (1985)
786:. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 276.
953:
948:Pilzgalerie: Leccinum scabrum (Birkenpilz)
784:Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America
33:
22:
759:
613:Fergus, C. Leonard & Charles (2003).
605:
690:Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009).
208:
7:
1303:575c6c83-168d-461e-9851-10742ca83746
1174:5a815337-001c-4aa7-8b2a-8a8507c6fafd
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
501:is a European species that has been
575:is paler and whitish in all parts.
693:Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest
14:
385:, and was formerly classified as
927:, Leipzig, Klinkhardt, (1940–42)
903:"Tegelsopp. Leccinum versipelle"
767:
340:
323:
304:
285:
267:
249:
231:
216:
46:
885:"Poisonous mushrooms in Norway"
744:"The Boletaceae of New Zealand"
761:10.1080/0028825X.1968.10429056
594:List of North American boletes
393:in Asia, and elsewhere in the
1:
748:New Zealand Journal of Botany
541:Several different species of
224:Mycological characteristics
1377:
925:Die Röhrlinge (Boletaceae)
889:Poisons Information Centre
754:(2): 137–76 (see p. 169).
178:
171:
148:
141:
43:Scientific classification
41:
32:
25:
809:Annales Botanici Fennici
782:Phillips, Roger (2010).
494:Habitat and distribution
365:, commonly known as the
1336:Fungi described in 1783
838:Diagnosis at a Distance
1351:Fungi of North America
425:
420:
1346:Fungi of New Zealand
742:McNabb RFR. (1968).
557:has a bluish stipe.
397:, occurring only in
367:rough-stemmed bolete
395:Northern Hemisphere
724:. California Fungi
554:L. variicolor
426:
190:Krombholzia scabra
1313:
1312:
959:Taxon identifiers
930:Gerhardt, Ewald:
793:978-1-55407-651-2
703:978-0-88192-935-5
646:Arora D. (1986).
560:L. oxydabile
424:of different ages
401:association with
356:
355:
206:Species of fungus
204:
203:
198:
186:
16:Species of fungus
1368:
1306:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1269:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1230:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1190:
1189:
1177:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1153:
1151:NHMSYS0001486545
1141:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1102:
1101:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1075:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1001:
1000:
999:
997:Leccinum scabrum
986:
985:
984:
967:Leccinum scabrum
954:
946:
911:
910:
899:
893:
892:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
834:Bakaitis, Bill.
831:
825:
824:
804:
798:
797:
779:
773:
772:
771:
765:
763:
739:
733:
732:
730:
729:
720:Leccinum scabrum
714:
708:
707:
687:
670:
669:
653:
643:
637:
636:
620:
610:
566:L. melaneum
499:Leccinum scabrum
484:Leccinum scabrum
467:
466:
462:
459:
453:
452:
448:
362:Leccinum scabrum
344:
343:
327:
326:
308:
307:
289:
288:
271:
270:
253:
252:
235:
234:
220:
213:Leccinum scabrum
209:
192:
184:
154:
152:Leccinum scabrum
51:
50:
37:
27:Leccinum scabrum
23:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1341:Fungi of Europe
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1299:
1291:
1286:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1193:
1185:
1182:Observation.org
1180:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1004:
995:
994:
989:
980:
979:
974:
961:
944:
941:
920:
918:Further reading
915:
914:
901:
900:
896:
883:
882:
878:
869:
867:
858:
857:
853:
844:
842:
833:
832:
828:
806:
805:
801:
794:
781:
780:
776:
766:
741:
740:
736:
727:
725:
716:
715:
711:
704:
689:
688:
673:
666:
645:
644:
640:
633:
612:
611:
607:
602:
581:
572:L. holopus
539:
537:Similar species
517:
496:
464:
460:
457:
455:
450:
446:
445:
415:
379:edible mushroom
358:
357:
341:
324:
309:
305:
286:
268:
250:
232:
226:
221:
207:
167:
156:
150:
137:
134:L. scabrum
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1361:Fungus species
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1284:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1203:
1201:
1199:Boletus scaber
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1178:
1168:
1155:
1142:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1064:
1051:
1038:
1025:
1015:
1002:
987:
971:
969:
963:
962:
957:
951:
950:
940:
939:External links
937:
936:
935:
928:
919:
916:
913:
912:
894:
876:
859:Land, Leslie.
851:
826:
799:
792:
774:
734:
709:
702:
671:
664:
638:
631:
604:
603:
601:
598:
597:
596:
591:
580:
577:
538:
535:
516:
513:
508:Betula pendula
495:
492:
414:
411:
387:Boletus scaber
381:in the family
354:
353:
345:
337:
336:
328:
320:
319:
310:
303:
300:
299:
290:
282:
281:
272:
264:
263:
254:
246:
245:
236:
228:
227:
222:
215:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:
187:
182:Boletus scaber
176:
175:
169:
168:
157:
146:
145:
139:
138:
131:
129:
125:
124:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
90:Agaricomycetes
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
39:
38:
30:
29:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1373:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
998:
992:
988:
983:
977:
973:
972:
970:
968:
964:
960:
955:
949:
943:
942:
938:
933:
929:
926:
922:
921:
917:
908:
904:
898:
895:
890:
886:
880:
877:
866:
864:
855:
852:
841:
839:
830:
827:
822:
818:
815:(4): 357–66.
814:
810:
803:
800:
795:
789:
785:
778:
775:
770:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
738:
735:
723:
721:
713:
710:
705:
699:
695:
694:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
672:
667:
665:0-89815-169-4
661:
657:
652:
651:
642:
639:
634:
632:0-8117-2641-X
628:
624:
619:
618:
609:
606:
599:
595:
592:
590:
588:
583:
582:
578:
576:
574:
573:
568:
567:
562:
561:
556:
555:
550:
546:
545:
536:
534:
531:
528:
526:
522:
514:
512:
510:
509:
504:
500:
493:
491:
489:
485:
481:
478:
473:
471:
443:
438:
434:
431:
423:
419:
412:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:
352:
351:
347:Edibility is
346:
338:
335:
334:
329:
321:
318:
314:
311:
301:
298:
294:
291:
283:
280:
276:
273:
265:
262:
258:
255:
247:
244:
240:
237:
229:
225:
219:
214:
210:
196:
191:
188:
183:
180:
179:
177:
174:
170:
165:
161:
155:
153:
147:
144:
143:Binomial name
140:
136:
135:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:Basidiomycota
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
55:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
31:
28:
24:
21:
1331:Edible fungi
1198:
966:
931:
924:
923:Kallenbach:
906:
897:
888:
879:
868:. Retrieved
862:
854:
843:. Retrieved
837:
829:
812:
808:
802:
783:
777:
751:
747:
737:
726:. Retrieved
719:
712:
692:
649:
641:
616:
608:
586:
570:
564:
558:
552:
542:
540:
532:
529:
518:
506:
498:
497:
483:
482:
474:
439:
435:
427:
421:
386:
375:birch bolete
374:
371:scaber stalk
370:
366:
361:
360:
359:
349:
331:
316:
296:
278:
260:
238:
212:
189:
185:Bull. (1783)
181:
151:
149:
133:
132:
120:
26:
20:
1133:NatureServe
1094:iNaturalist
991:Wikispecies
945:(in German)
907:Svampguiden
549:mycologists
413:Description
399:mycorrhizal
333:mycorrhizal
330:Ecology is
313:Spore print
1320:Categories
870:2009-07-18
845:2011-11-28
728:2009-10-18
600:References
503:introduced
488:California
472:is white.
422:L. scabrum
407:introduced
383:Boletaceae
110:Boletaceae
76:Division:
1214:Q42048228
391:Himalayas
128:Species:
100:Boletales
66:Kingdom:
60:Eukaryota
1326:Leccinum
1288:MycoBank
1280:10779431
1249:Fungorum
1228:60026398
1223:AusFungi
1208:Wikidata
1138:2.911860
1120:MycoBank
1112:11135281
1068:Fungorum
1018:BioLib:
1011:60026397
1006:AusFungi
976:Wikidata
821:23726151
587:Leccinum
585:List of
579:See also
544:Leccinum
470:mycelium
377:, is an
275:Hymenium
243:hymenium
195:P.Karst.
193:(Bull.)
173:Synonyms
121:Leccinum
106:Family:
56:Domain:
1267:5954849
1086:2524575
1047:6669889
982:Q628977
656:541–542
589:species
551:alike.
525:vinegar
463:⁄
449:⁄
116:Genus:
96:Order:
86:Class:
1300:NZOR:
1293:194176
1254:194176
1171:NZOR:
1164:121051
1125:100712
1073:100712
1060:LCCNSC
819:
790:
700:
662:
629:
373:, and
350:edible
279:adnate
261:convex
197:(1881)
166:(1821)
1275:IRMNG
1187:15185
1107:IRMNG
1099:63232
1034:3STFC
1021:60168
817:JSTOR
625:–52.
521:brine
477:flesh
442:stipe
403:birch
317:olive
293:Stipe
239:Pores
160:Bull.
70:Fungi
1262:GBIF
1241:MD4J
1159:NCBI
1081:GBIF
1055:EPPO
788:ISBN
698:ISBN
660:ISBN
627:ISBN
515:Uses
475:The
440:The
428:The
297:bare
164:Gray
1236:CoL
1146:NBN
1042:EoL
1029:CoL
756:doi
523:or
430:cap
315:is
295:is
277:is
259:is
257:Cap
241:on
1322::
1290::
1277::
1264::
1251::
1238::
1225::
1210::
1184::
1161::
1148::
1135::
1122::
1109::
1096::
1083::
1070::
1057::
1044::
1031::
1008::
993::
978::
905:.
887:.
813:21
811:.
750:.
746:.
674:^
658:.
623:51
511:.
490:.
409:.
369:,
162:)
909:.
891:.
873:.
865:"
861:"
848:.
840:"
836:"
823:.
796:.
764:.
758::
752:6
731:.
722:"
718:"
706:.
668:.
635:.
465:8
461:3
458:+
456:1
454:–
451:8
447:3
158:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
