84:, the lean startup methodology seeks to eliminate wasteful practices and increase value-producing practices during the earliest phases of a company so that the company can have a better chance of success without requiring large amounts of outside funding, elaborate business plans, or a perfect product. Customer feedback during the development of products or services is integral to the lean startup process, and ensures that the company does not invest time designing features or services that consumers do not want. This is done primarily through two processes: using key
825:
that the application of lean manufacturing principles to startups is highly problematic and only creates incremental outcomes for startups that use the method. Other scholars, including
Wharton's Dan Levinthal, argue that many of the insights of lean startup have already been anticipated by the technology evolution, organizational learning and other literatures. The value of lean startup continues to be debated and discussed in the academic literature.
376:
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services provided to our community. Lean hospitals focus on reducing waste, not cutting costs. Lean organizations also focus on the customers (the patients) and the value that is being delivered to them. In this way, Lean is not focused on doing less but rather on delivering the right amount of value. If we are reducing waste, we can often provide more value while expending less effort and less cost.
837:
805:, wrote an article in 2010 criticizing the lean startup method for over-emphasizing "running lean" (constantly cutting and reducing non-essential parts of the company to save time and money). He specifically disagreed with portraying "running lean" as an end rather than a means to winning the market without running out of cash. Horowitz gave as an example his startup
189:(2005, 5th edition 2013), Blank pointed out the pitfalls of a narrow emphasis on product development; instead he argued that startups should focus on what he called "customer development", which emphasizes "learning about customers and their problems as early in the development process as possible". Blank's customer development methodology proposed four steps:
495:
Circle was created by Rich
Collins on June 26, 2009 hosting speaking events, workshops, and roundtable discussions. As of 2012, there are lean startup meetups in over 100 cities and 17 countries as well as an online discussion forum with over 5500 members. Third-party organizers have led lean startup meetups in
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Lean purists are quick to point out, however, that lean is not about the short-term pursuit of cost savings that characterizes many organizations. Cost reductions achieved by eliminating important tests during product development or using lower grade materials, for example, may not be supportive of a
315:
A/B testing is sometimes incorrectly performed in serial fashion, where a group of users one week may see one version of the product while the next week users see another. This undermines the statistical validity of the results, since external events may influence user behavior in one time period but
758:
Ries' said that his first company, Catalyst
Recruiting, failed because he and his colleagues did not understand the wants of their target customers, and because they focused too much time and energy on the initial product launch. Next, Ries was a senior software engineer with There, Inc., which Ries
278:
wanted to test the hypothesis that customers were ready and willing to buy shoes online. Instead of building a website and a large database of footwear, Swinmurn approached local shoe stores, took pictures of their inventory, posted the pictures online, bought the shoes from the stores at full price
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Lean start-up practices aren't just for young tech ventures. Large companies, such as GE and Intuit, have begun to implement them.... Over the years managerial experts such as
Clayton Christensen, Rita McGrath, Vijay Govindarajan, Henry Chesbrough, Ian MacMillan, Alexander Osterwalder, and Eric von
816:
Trey
Griffith, the VP of technology at Teleborder, stated in 2012 that the majority of backing for the lean startup methodology was anecdotal and had not been rigorously validated when first presented. However, he went on to note that better support of the method comes out of a 2011 analysis of the
459:
The Lean Canvas is a version of the
Business Model Canvas adapted by Ash Maurya in 2010 specifically for startups. The Lean Canvas focuses on addressing broad customer problems and solutions and delivering them to customer segments through a unique value proposition. "Problem" and "solution" blocks
396:
of turning ideas into products, measuring customers' reactions and behaviors against built products, and then deciding whether to persevere or pivot the idea; this process repeats as many times as necessary. The process can also be viewed as a test of hypotheses. The phases of the loop are: Ideas â
494:
Ries and others created an annual technology conference called
Startup Lessons Learned which has subsequently changed its name to the Lean Startup Conference. Lean startup meetups in cities around the world have garnered 20,000 regular participants. The first lean startup meetup named Lean Startup
445:
The template consists of nine blocks: activities, partners, resources, value proposition, customers, customer channels, customer relationships, costs and revenue. Startups use the template (and/or other templates described below) to formulate hypotheses and change their business model based on the
824:
Lean startup has also been the source of attention in the academic literature. For example, Stanford professor Riitta Katila finds empirical support for lean startup. However, a group of prominent strategy and innovation scholarsâTeppo Felin, Alfonso
Gambardella, Scott Stern and Todd Zengerâargue
356:
blog and launched their first coupon promotion for a pizzeria located in their building lobby. Although they only received 20 redemptions, the founders realized that their idea was significant, and had successfully empowered people to coordinate group action. Three years later, Groupon would grow
3085:
Lean thinkers see cost as the end result of all our systems and processes. As an end result, cost is not something that can be directly impacted. Or at least we do not have an impact on it in the traditional "cost-cutting" ways, which typically have meant layoffs and possibly the scaling back of
339:
A typical example of a vanity metric is "the number of new users gained per day". While a high number of users gained per day seems beneficial to any company, if the cost of acquiring each user through expensive advertising campaigns is significantly higher than the revenue gained per user, then
67:
invest their time into iteratively building products or services to meet the needs of early customers, the company can reduce market risks and sidestep the need for large amounts of initial project funding and expensive product launches and financial failures. While the events leading up to the
485:
that have a predetermined budget instead of a goal of raising revenue. It was published in 2016. Earlier publications by
Osterwalder and colleagues had suggested how to adapt the Business Model Canvas for nonprofit enterprises that depend on raising revenue. "Mission budget/cost" and "mission
371:
This topic focuses on how entrepreneurs can maintain accountability and maximize outcomes by measuring progress, planning milestones, and prioritizing. The topic was later expanded upon to include three levels of innovation accounting related to the types of assumptions being validated.
486:
achievement/impact factors" blocks replace the "cost structure" and "revenue streams" blocks in the
Business Model Canvas, while "beneficiaries", "buy-in/support" and "deployment" blocks replace the "customer segments", "customer relationships" and "channels" blocks, respectively.
774:
Although the lost money differed by orders of magnitude, Ries concluded that the failures of There, Inc. and Catalyst Recruiting shared similar origins: "it was working forward from the technology instead of working backward from the business results you're trying to achieve."
531:
Lean Startup Meetups attracting over 4,000 members each. The Lean Startup Machine created a new spin on the lean startup meetups by having attendees start a new company in three days. As of 2012, the Lean Startup Machine claimed to have created over 600 new startups this way.
3156:
If we go back to the central premise of this post â lean is not about cost cutting â then I need to address what lean "is" about. Lean is a philosophy through which we look at value from the client's perspective and focus what we do on delivering that value while respecting
3186:
There's plenty of research proving that cost reduction isn't sustained in the long run. Just like weight always comes back after drastic dieting, costs always creep back two to three years after drastic cuts, because the underlying processes and capabilities haven't been
3126:
Organizations often view Lean as purely a cost-cutting tool. This is a parochial view from individuals or organizations that do not entirely comprehend what Lean thinking is and what it can do to a business. Lean is not a cost-cutting tool but a method that drives
1371:
Hippel have advanced the thinking on how large companies can improve their innovation processes. During the past three years, however, we have seen large companies, including General Electric, Qualcomm, and Intuit, begin to implement the lean start-up methodology.
98:
The lean startup methodology asserts that "lean has nothing to do with how much money a company raises"; rather it has everything to do with assessing the specific demands of consumers and how to meet that demand using the least amount of resources possible.
311:
is an experiment in which "different versions of a product are offered to customers at the same time." The goal of a split test is to observe differences in behavior between the two groups and to measure the impact of each version on an actionable metric.
316:
not the other. For example, a split test of two ice cream flavors performed in serial during the summer and winter would see a marked decrease in demand during the winter where that decrease is mostly related to the weather and not to the flavor offer.
468:
The Value Proposition Canvas is a supplement to the Business Model Canvas ("customer segment" and "value proposition" blocks) published in 2012 to address the customerâproduct relationship, the perceived value of the product or service, and potential
771:. Ries claimed that despite the many proximate causes for failure, the most important mistake was that the company's "vision was almost too concrete", making it impossible to see that their product did not accurately represent consumer demand.
745:. The methodology has since been expanded to apply to any individual, team, or company looking to develop new products, services, or systems without unlimited resources. The lean startup's reputation is due in part to the success of Ries'
327:
Actionable metrics can lead to informed business decisions and subsequent action. These are in contrast to vanity metricsâmeasurements that give "the rosiest picture possible" but do not accurately reflect the key drivers of a business.
68:
launch can make or break a new business, it is important to start with the end in mind, which means thinking about the direction in which you want your business to grow and how to put all the right pieces in place to make this possible.
809:, which by "running fat" was able to outperform 20 direct competitors and after 8 years reach a value of $ 1.6 billion. However, at least since 2008, numerous advocates of lean methods have pointed out that "running lean" does not mean
143:
Lean manufacturing systems consider the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer as waste, and they continually seek ways to eliminate such waste. In particular, such systems focus on:
279:
after he'd made a sale, and then shipped them directly to customers. Swinmurn deduced that customer demand was present, and Zappos would eventually grow into a billion dollar business based on the model of selling shoes online.
473:. The "value proposition" block is divided into three categoriesâproducts and services, gain creators, and pain relieversâthat correspond to three categories in the "customer segment" blockâcustomer jobs, gains, and pains.
610:
recognized "the need to rapidly prototype solutions, engage customers in those solutions as soon as possible, and then quickly and repeatedly iterate those solutions based on working with customers". In May 2012, Ries and
335:
per person as a vanity metric as their revenue is not based on number of page views. However, an online magazine with advertising would view web page views as a key metric as page views are directly correlated to revenue.
460:
replace the "key partners" and "key activities" blocks in the Business Model Canvas, while "key metrics" and "unfair advantage" blocks replace the "key resources" and "customer relationships" blocks, respectively.
202:
tests the business viability through customer purchases and in the process creates a "sales road map", a proven and repeatable sales process. Customer discovery and customer validation corroborate the business
295:. Ries stated that some of the companies he's worked with deploy new code into production as often as 50 times a day. The phrase was coined by Timothy Fitz, one of Ries's colleagues and an early engineer at
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The problem is that lean is not a cost reduction strategy. Properly applied, lean principles will not reduce spending much at all. Lean is aimed at enhancing the top line â sales â not the total spending
1938:
158:
Identifying mistakes or imperfections during assembly as early as possible at immediate quality control checkpoints to ensure that the least amount of time is expended developing a faulty product, and
3252:
348:
A pivot is a "structured course correction designed to test a new fundamental hypothesis about the product, strategy, and engine of growth." A notable example of a company employing the pivot is
60:. Lean startup emphasizes customer feedback over intuition and flexibility over planning. This methodology enables recovery from failures more often than traditional ways of product development.
331:
Vanity metrics for one company may be actionable metrics for another. For example, a company specializing in creating web based dashboards for financial markets might view the number of web
3015:
My point is that lean methods and concepts have come to be seen primarily as cost-cutting tools. But this is wrong. An emphasis on cost reduction risks the success of the lean initiative.
638:
colonel Joe Felter, adapted lean startup principles for U.S. government innovation under the moniker "Hacking for Defense", a program in which university students solve problems that the
388:
The BuildâMeasureâLearn loop emphasizes speed as a critical ingredient to customer development. A team or company's effectiveness is determined by its ability to ideate, quickly build a
587:
91:
When a startup company cannot afford to have its entire investment depend upon the success of a single product or service, the lean startup methodology proposes that by releasing a
2186:
267:). The goal of an MVP is to test fundamental business hypotheses (or leap-of-faith assumptions) and to help entrepreneurs begin the learning process as quickly as possible.
2047:
2076:
263:(MVP) is the "version of a new product which allows a team to collect the maximum amount of validated learning about customers with the least effort" (similar to a
95:
that is not yet finalized, the company can then make use of customer feedback to help further tailor the product or service to the specific needs of its customers.
2025:
595:
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program, which brings together top citizen innovators and government officials to work on high-level projects and deliver measurable results in six months.
2611:
1793:
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2556:
2831:
2019:
The Mission Model Canvas was introduced in a joint blog post published on the blog of Osterwalder's consulting firm Strategyzer and on Blank's blog:
2583:
1536:
1148:
The machine that changed the world: based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5-million dollar 5-year study on the future of the automobile
2269:
607:
2557:"Making a difference: innovation pathway and entrepreneurs in residence: interview with Todd Park, Chief Technology Officer of the United States"
1476:
352:; when the company first started, it was an online activism platform called The Point. After receiving almost no traction, the founders opened a
155:
to signal only when the necessary inputs to production are needed, and in so doing, reduce assembly waste (inventory) and increase productivity,
291:, is a process "whereby all code that is written for an application is immediately deployed into production," which results in a reduction of
209:
executes the business plan by scaling through customer acquisition, creating user demand and directing it toward the company's sales channels.
647:
481:
The Mission Model Canvas is a version of the Business Model Canvas developed by Alexander Osterwalder and Steve Blank for entities such as
2476:
1695:
746:
639:
635:
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respectivelyâto implement aspects of the lean startup model. In particular, Park noted that in order to understand customer demand, the
225:
in 2013, Steve Blank described how the lean startup methodology also drew inspiration from the work of people like Ian C. MacMillan and
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1991:
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around 2008 for developing new business models or documenting existing ones. It is a visual chart with elements describing a firm's
2726:
1875:
319:
Another way to incorrectly A/B test is to assign users to one or another A/B version of the product using any non-random method.
763:, $ 40 million in financing, and nearly 200 employees at the time of product launch. In 2003, There, Inc. launched its product,
958:
616:
442:, infrastructure, customers, and finances. It assists firms in aligning their activities by illustrating potential trade-offs.
2997:
2758:
363:
defines a pivot as "changing (or even firing) the plan instead of the executive (the sales exec, marketing or even the CEO)."
1283:
1242:
1197:
1157:
2155:
2531:
2084:
1311:
991:
2239:
1565:
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submit to participating universities. Hacking for Defense and variants like Hacking for Diplomacy have expanded to the
3479:
594:
noted in 2012 that he was taking a "lean-startup approach to government". Ries has worked with the former and current
196:
tests hypotheses about the nature of the problem, interest in the product or service solution, and business viability.
670:
Lean startup principles have been applied to specific competencies within typical startups and larger organizations:
3028:
2858:
643:
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1801:
1450:
787:
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230:
166:
81:
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1406:
The lean startup: how today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses
760:
583:
574:
Academic researchers in Finland have applied the lean startup methodology to accelerating research innovation.
552:
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of that idea, measure its effectiveness in the market, and learn from that experiment. In other words, it is a
137:
125:
1360:
1031:
902:
560:
221:
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2934:
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389:
260:
92:
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Inc., IMVU investor Steve Blank insisted that IMVU executives audit Blank's class on entrepreneurship at
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1971:
1934:
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435:
429:
85:
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1983:
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292:
226:
178:
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897:
535:
Prominent high-tech companies have begun to publicly employ the lean startup methodology, including
3140:
3058:
1119:
871:
802:
482:
288:
1355:
3450:
3388:"Situating the construct of lean start-up: adjacent conversations and possible future directions"
3368:
3311:
2903:
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2805:
2356:
1638:
738:, using his personal experiences adapting lean management and customer development principles to
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117:
77:
57:
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1997:
1987:
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540:
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64:
45:
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2351:
2321:
2187:"Eric Ries, the face of the Lean Startup movement, on how a once-insane idea went mainstream"
2048:"The Mission Model Canvas: an adapted Business Model Canvas for mission-driven organizations"
2026:"The Mission Model Canvas: an adapted Business Model Canvas for mission-driven organizations"
1736:
1275:
1189:
161:
Maintaining close connections with suppliers in order to understand their customers' desires.
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264:
243:
31:
3284:"The lean startup method: Earlyâstage teams and hypothesisâbased probing of business ideas"
1651:
Talk given in May 2013; the audience is composed of the CEOs of the portfolio companies of
2588:
1699:
1673:
1652:
996:
850:
842:
786:. Ries applied Blank's customer development methodology and integrated it with ideas from
722:
612:
1768:
1883:
3283:
2836:
2647:
2616:
520:
418:
393:
49:
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described as a classic example of a Silicon Valley startup with five years of stealth
375:
251:
used specific terms to refer to the core lean startup principles, as described below.
3468:
3454:
3372:
3315:
2768:
2736:
1838:
Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers
1223:
1146:
768:
599:
528:
508:
496:
275:
2247:
1631:"Startup Wisdom: Steve Blank, Consulting Associate Professor of Stanford University"
1086:
930:
3002:
2699:"This army colonel is showing large enterprises how to innovate like lean startups"
2111:
1975:
1832:
810:
798:
129:
2408:
2727:"U.S. defense budget may help fund 'Hacking for Defense' classes at universities"
1939:"Achieve productâmarket fit with our brand-new Value Proposition Designer Canvas"
1836:
1726:
1404:
2668:
2021:
1626:
1590:
1351:
783:
627:
564:
544:
360:
308:
182:
41:
1595:
The startup owner's manual: the step-by-step guide for building a great company
3438:
3346:
2895:
2612:"Wanted: a few good women and men to serve as presidential innovation fellows"
2453:
1630:
1090:
1061:
832:
133:
53:
3446:
3411:
3364:
3329:
Felin, Teppo; Gambardella, Alfonso; Stern, Scott; Zenger, Todd (2020-08-01).
3307:
3234:
3121:
3080:
2978:
2137:
2001:
1860:
1754:
1612:
1432:
1334:
2801:
2501:
2151:
1980:
Value proposition design: how to create products and services customers want
1665:
1561:
1506:
1446:
1400:
1293:
1252:
1207:
1167:
1053:
987:
806:
764:
739:
735:
699:
676:
603:
353:
332:
248:
17:
3253:"Empirically validating the lean startup: making a startup great by choice"
1313:
The four steps to the epiphany: successful strategies for products that win
187:
The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products that Win
3216:
3055:
Lean hospitals: improving quality, patient safety, and employee engagement
2296:
836:
3403:
3355:
2213:
434:
The Business Model Canvas is a strategic management template invented by
2957:
End-to-end lean management: a guide to complete supply chain improvement
2437:"Accelerating research innovation by adopting the lean startup paradigm"
2379:
1909:
233:, which was an attempt to bring an entrepreneurial mindset to planning.
2899:
2703:
2191:
1634:
1537:"Continuous deployment at IMVU: doing the impossible fifty times a day"
959:"The Top 10 Entrepreneurial Mistakes that Startup Studios Help Address"
556:
548:
524:
512:
500:
349:
523:, among othersâmany of which are personally attended by Riesâwith the
3387:
3299:
1481:
817:
factors of success in growth companies as described in the 2011 book
536:
516:
504:
271:
152:
3239:
Lean ways of working should not simply be equated with cost cutting.
2477:"U.S. CIO VanRoekel talks startups, savings, new tech in Iowa visit"
2436:
63:
Central to the lean startup methodology is the assumption that when
44:
for developing businesses and products that aims to shorten product
3201:
Lean auditing: driving added value and efficiency in internal audit
2759:"First Hacking for Impact class buzzes around the mosquito problem"
2673:"National Security Innovation just got a major boost in Washington"
2644:"A neat new way to attack military problems: 'Hacking for Defense'"
1501:
1499:
1477:"What is a minimum viable product, and why do companies need them?"
2535:
1271:
711:
374:
181:
methodology of Silicon Valley serial entrepreneur-turned-academic
52:
is viable; this is achieved by adopting a combination of business-
2116:
Business model you: a one-page method for reinventing your career
1225:
Lean thinking: banish waste and create wealth in your corporation
931:"Ideas are overrated: startup guru Eric Ries' radical new theory"
3331:"Lean startup and the business model: Experimentation revisited"
2763:
2731:
2628:
779:
659:
296:
2532:"In search of the US government's inner 'startup': federal CIO"
2077:"Business models beyond profitâsocial entrepreneurship lecture"
767:, but they were unable to garner popularity beyond the initial
215:
formalizes and standardizes company departments and operations.
3427:"The Lean Startup as an Actionable Theory of Entrepreneurship"
2322:"Why startup founders need to talk to their customers (video)"
2409:"Upstart Eric Ries has the stage and the crowd is going wild"
1696:"Lean startup's newest tool is a game changer for innovators"
1120:"'Lean Startup' evangelist Eric Ries is just getting started"
559:. The lean startup principles are also taught in classes at
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
734:
The lean startup methodology was first proposed in 2008 by
3100:
Lessons in lean management: 53 ideas to transform services
2896:"Venture Capital: Eric Ries, author of 'The Lean Startup'"
1268:
Lean manufacturing: tools, techniques, and how to use them
2832:"How Eric Ries changed the framework for startup success"
1144:
Womack, James P.; Jones, Daniel T.; Roos, Daniel (1990).
56:-driven experimentation, iterative product releases, and
3386:
Contigiani, Andrea; Levinthal, Daniel A (2019-03-15).
1728:
Running lean: iterate from plan A to a plan that works
588:
Federal Chief Information Officer of the United States
3282:
Leatherbee, Michael; Katila, Riitta (December 2020).
567:
and are implemented in municipal governments through
379:
Artefacts and actions in the Build-Measure-Learn loop
340:
gaining more users could quickly lead to bankruptcy.
283:
Continuous deployment (only for software development)
790:
and elsewhere to form the lean startup methodology.
165:
Lean manufacturing was later applied to software as
2156:"Announcing the 2012 Lean Startup Conference in SF"
1270:. Boca Raton, FL; Alexandria, VA: St. Lucie Press;
1020:
1018:
136:since the early 1900s with innovations such as the
3425:Blank, Steve; Eckhardt, Jonathan T. (2023-04-18).
1731:. The lean series (2nd ed.). Sebastopol, CA:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1222:
1145:
148:Minimizing inventory throughout the assembly line,
2345:
2343:
116:to describe the streamlined production system of
3029:"Why lean is not a good cost reduction strategy"
1903:
1901:
1186:Training within industry: the foundation of lean
2584:"Busting through the federal IT budget ceiling"
2402:
2400:
132:combined flow principles that had been used by
3171:"For the last time: cost cutting isn't 'lean'"
2998:"Want to succeed at lean? Forget cost cutting"
1720:
1718:
1716:
1670:"Innovation accounting: secret to fast growth"
596:Chief Technology Officers of the United States
3203:(1st ed.). Chichester, UK; Hoboken, NJ:
3057:(2nd ed.). New York: Productivity Press/
2270:"Find Meetup Groups near you: 'Lean Startup'"
1876:"How I Document my business model hypotheses"
891:
889:
887:
885:
177:The lean startup methodology is based on the
8:
1319:(3rd ed.). Pescadero, CA: S. G. Blank.
1305:
1303:
1221:Womack, James P.; Jones, Daniel T. (2003) .
1080:
1078:
924:
922:
920:
2959:. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Pub. p.
2787:
2785:
1910:"Why Lean Canvas vs Business Model Canvas?"
2180:
2178:
2176:
1356:"Why the lean start-up changes everything"
1346:
1344:
872:"Why the Lean Start-Up Changes Everything"
3354:
2452:
1978:; Bernarda, Gregory; Smith, Alan (2014).
1188:. New York: Productivity Press. pp.
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
801:, the co-founder of venture capital firm
446:success or failure of tested hypotheses.
2791:In September 2008, Ries coined the term
1027:"Philosophy helps start-ups move faster"
2441:Technology Innovation Management Review
2352:"The rise of the fleet-footed start-up"
1769:"The Build-Measure-Learn feedback loop"
1566:"Vanity metrics vs. actionable metrics"
1511:"Continuous deployment in 5 easy steps"
896:Penenberg, Adam L. (8 September 2011).
862:
608:Department of Health and Human Services
2015:
2013:
2011:
1966:
1964:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1179:
1177:
140:programs introduced to Japan in 1951.
1597:. Pescadero, CA: K&S Ranch, Inc.
1058:"Are you building the right product?"
982:
980:
978:
898:"Eric Ries is a Lean Startup machine"
586:has employed lean startup ideas. The
88:and a continuous deployment process.
7:
2642:Ricks, Thomas E. (25 January 2017).
1475:Tokareva, Julia (27 February 2018).
648:United States Intelligence Community
3169:Markovitz, Daniel (30 March 2015).
3139:Grady, Kenneth (25 February 2015).
2530:McKendrick, Joe (28 October 2011).
1982:. Strategyzer series. Hoboken, NJ:
1087:"Don't be fooled by vanity metrics"
48:and rapidly discover if a proposed
3288:Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal
3251:Griffith, Trey (17 January 2012).
2757:Perry, Tekla S. (4 January 2018).
1798:business-model-design.blogspot.com
1694:Kaplan, Soren (11 December 2017).
1535:Fitz, Timothy (10 February 2009).
957:Kronenberger, Craig (2021-08-20).
287:Continuous deployment, similar to
122:The Machine That Changed the World
25:
2475:Schreiber, Danny (5 April 2012).
1085:Schonfeld, Erick (30 July 2011).
652:United States Department of State
636:United States Army Special Forces
229:who developed a technique called
120:was popularized by the 1990 book
3141:"Lean is not about cost cutting"
2830:Wilson, Nick (7 December 2011).
2725:Perry, Tekla S. (25 July 2017).
2380:"The Lean Startup: case studies"
1908:Maurya, Ash (27 February 2012).
929:Adler, Carlye (30 August 2011).
835:
357:into a billion dollar business.
3392:Industrial and Corporate Change
2996:Bohan, Rick (8 November 2010).
2927:"The case for the fat start-up"
2925:Horowitz, Ben (17 March 2010).
2906:from the original on 2021-12-15
2238:Collins, Rich (28 April 2012).
1641:from the original on 2021-12-15
1152:. New York: Rawson Associates.
755:, published in September 2011.
634:colonel Pete Newell and former
617:Presidential Innovation Fellows
270:As an example, Ries noted that
219:In an article published in the
27:Early business development tool
3027:Waddell, Bill (11 July 2011).
2407:Greenwald, Ted (18 May 2012).
1874:Maurya, Ash (11 August 2010).
1229:(Revised ed.). New York:
1118:Loizos, Connie (26 May 2011).
1:
3102:. Chennai: Westland. p.
2582:Foley, John (30 April 2012).
2350:Lohr, Steve (25 April 2010).
1025:Tam, Pui-Wing (20 May 2010).
2697:Satell, Greg (8 July 2018).
2297:"About Lean Startup Machine"
778:After Ries later co-founded
3199:Paterson, James C. (2015).
2214:"About Lean Startup Circle"
2185:Roush, Wade (6 July 2011).
1794:"What is a business model?"
992:"Creating the Lean Startup"
76:Similar to the precepts of
3496:
2610:Park, Todd (23 May 2012).
2244:blog.leanstartupcircle.com
2081:businessmodelalchemist.com
1943:businessmodelalchemist.com
1184:Dinero, Donald A. (2005).
644:United States Armed Forces
427:
416:
29:
3439:10.1177/01492063231168095
3347:10.1016/j.lrp.2019.06.002
3098:Sarkar, Debashis (2012).
2955:Trent, Robert J. (2008).
2810:startuplessonslearned.com
2510:startuplessonslearned.com
2435:Still, Kaisa (May 2017).
2160:startuplessonslearned.com
1541:timothyfitz.wordpress.com
1455:startuplessonslearned.com
1310:Blank, Steven G. (2007).
1266:Feld, William M. (2001).
870:Blank, Steve (May 2013).
788:lean software development
717:Lean software development
231:discovery-driven planning
167:lean software development
82:lean software development
584:United States Government
464:Value Proposition Canvas
413:Business model templates
126:Toyota Production System
3175:markovitzconsulting.com
2935:Dow Jones & Company
2797:Startup Lessons Learned
2454:10.22215/timreview/1075
1361:Harvard Business Review
1032:The Wall Street Journal
876:Harvard Business Review
630:, working with retired
561:Harvard Business School
222:Harvard Business Review
3053:Graban, Mark (2012) .
2301:leanstartupmachine.com
2108:Osterwalder, Alexander
2073:Osterwalder, Alexander
2044:Osterwalder, Alexander
1972:Osterwalder, Alexander
1935:Osterwalder, Alexander
1829:Osterwalder, Alexander
1790:Osterwalder, Alexander
963:Startup Studio Insider
390:minimum viable product
380:
261:minimum viable product
255:Minimum viable product
93:minimum viable product
86:performance indicators
3431:Journal of Management
3217:10.1002/9781119017066
3205:John Wiley & Sons
2218:leanstartupcircle.com
2120:John Wiley & Sons
1984:John Wiley & Sons
1843:John Wiley & Sons
1835:; Clark, Tim (2010).
1725:Maurya, Ash (2012) .
1056:(11 September 2011).
640:Department of Defense
436:Alexander Osterwalder
430:Business Model Canvas
424:Business Model Canvas
417:Further information:
378:
367:Innovation accounting
241:In his blog and book
3059:Taylor & Francis
2902:. 21 November 2011.
2804:(8 September 2008).
2481:Silicon Prairie News
2052:blog.strategyzer.com
2046:(25 February 2016).
2024:(23 February 2016).
1593:; Dorf, Bob (2012).
1570:fourhourworkweek.com
656:Department of Energy
477:Mission Model Canvas
227:Rita Gunther McGrath
179:customer development
173:Customer development
3433:: 014920632311680.
3335:Long Range Planning
1804:on 6 September 2008
803:Andreessen Horowitz
623:Hacking for Defense
483:government agencies
384:Build-Measure-Learn
289:continuous delivery
200:Customer validation
3480:Lean manufacturing
3404:10.1093/icc/dtz013
2864:The New York Times
2806:"The lean startup"
2384:theleanstartup.com
2357:The New York Times
2250:on 2 December 2012
2075:(27 August 2009).
1937:(29 August 2012).
1451:"The lean startup"
706:product management
694:Lean manufacturing
662:, and nonprofits.
632:United States Army
471:product/market fit
381:
323:Actionable metrics
194:Customer discovery
118:lean manufacturing
108:Lean manufacturing
78:lean manufacturing
58:validated learning
46:development cycles
30:For the book, see
3263:on 3 January 2014
2629:National Archives
2506:"Lean government"
2328:. 24 January 2012
1886:on 15 August 2010
1515:radar.oreilly.com
1509:(30 March 2009).
1449:(3 August 2009).
743:startup companies
578:In the government
440:value proposition
207:Customer creation
65:startup companies
16:(Redirected from
3487:
3475:Entrepreneurship
3459:
3458:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3358:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3300:10.1002/sej.1373
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3259:. Archived from
3248:
3242:
3241:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:cost-efficiency.
3095:
3089:
3088:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3010:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:lean philosophy.
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2892:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2867:. 2 October 2011
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2671:(19 July 2017).
2669:Blank, Steven G.
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2456:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2246:. Archived from
2240:"New leadership"
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2182:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2154:(27 June 2012).
2148:
2142:
2141:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2083:. Archived from
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2022:Blank, Steven G.
2017:
2006:
2005:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1945:. Archived from
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1882:. Archived from
1871:
1865:
1864:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1800:. Archived from
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1627:Blank, Steven G.
1623:
1617:
1616:
1591:Blank, Steven G.
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1411:Crown Publishing
1397:
1374:
1373:
1352:Blank, Steven G.
1348:
1339:
1338:
1318:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1151:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1115:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
990:(October 2011).
984:
973:
972:
970:
969:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
926:
915:
914:
912:
910:
893:
880:
879:
867:
845:
840:
839:
752:The Lean Startup
683:brand management
592:Steven VanRoekel
569:Code for America
265:pilot experiment
244:The Lean Startup
213:Company building
112:Use of the word
32:The Lean Startup
21:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3227:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3149:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3114:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3073:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3008:
3006:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2971:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2894:
2893:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2800:
2790:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2622:
2620:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2589:InformationWeek
2581:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2563:. 10 April 2012
2555:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2504:(30 May 2012).
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2184:
2183:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2130:
2118:. Hoboken, NJ:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2087:on 4 April 2014
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2042:
2034:
2032:
2020:
2018:
2009:
1994:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1853:
1841:. Hoboken, NJ:
1827:
1826:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1792:(2 July 2008).
1788:
1787:
1783:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1747:
1724:
1723:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1668:(1 June 2012).
1664:
1663:
1659:
1653:Khosla Ventures
1644:
1642:
1629:(17 May 2014).
1625:
1624:
1620:
1605:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1564:(19 May 2009).
1560:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1425:
1399:
1398:
1377:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1327:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1286:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1245:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1200:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1160:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1006:
1004:
986:
985:
976:
967:
965:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
928:
927:
918:
908:
906:
895:
894:
883:
869:
868:
864:
859:
851:Design thinking
843:Business portal
841:
834:
831:
819:Great by Choice
796:
732:
727:
668:
625:
613:The White House
580:
492:
479:
466:
457:
452:
432:
426:
421:
415:
386:
369:
346:
325:
305:
285:
257:
247:, entrepreneur
239:
175:
110:
105:
74:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3493:
3491:
3483:
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3477:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3417:
3398:(3): 551â564.
3378:
3321:
3294:(4): 570â593.
3274:
3243:
3225:
3191:
3161:
3131:
3112:
3090:
3071:
3045:
3019:
2988:
2969:
2947:
2931:allthingsd.com
2917:
2878:
2859:"Best sellers"
2850:
2837:Financial Post
2822:
2781:
2749:
2717:
2689:
2677:steveblank.com
2660:
2648:Foreign Policy
2634:
2617:whitehouse.gov
2602:
2574:
2548:
2522:
2493:
2467:
2427:
2396:
2371:
2339:
2313:
2288:
2261:
2230:
2205:
2172:
2143:
2128:
2098:
2064:
2030:steveblank.com
2007:
1992:
1960:
1949:on 7 June 2013
1926:
1897:
1866:
1851:
1815:
1781:
1760:
1745:
1712:
1686:
1657:
1618:
1603:
1582:
1553:
1527:
1495:
1467:
1438:
1423:
1375:
1340:
1326:978-0976470700
1325:
1299:
1284:
1258:
1243:
1213:
1198:
1173:
1158:
1136:
1103:
1074:
1045:
1014:
974:
949:
916:
881:
861:
860:
858:
855:
854:
853:
847:
846:
830:
827:
795:
792:
769:early adopters
731:
728:
726:
725:
719:
714:
708:
702:
696:
691:
688:
685:
679:
672:
667:
664:
624:
621:
615:announced the
579:
576:
521:Rio de Janeiro
491:
488:
478:
475:
465:
462:
456:
453:
451:
450:Other canvases
448:
428:Main article:
425:
422:
419:Business model
414:
411:
394:learning cycle
385:
382:
368:
365:
345:
342:
324:
321:
304:
301:
284:
281:
256:
253:
238:
235:
217:
216:
210:
204:
197:
185:. In his book
174:
171:
163:
162:
159:
156:
149:
109:
106:
104:
101:
73:
70:
50:business model
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3492:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
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3470:
3456:
3452:
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3444:
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3432:
3428:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3356:1721.1/134124
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:(4): 101889.
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3226:9781118896884
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3146:
3145:seytlines.com
3142:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3113:9789381626801
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3072:9781439870433
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3030:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2970:9781932159929
2966:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:on his blog,
2794:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2770:
2769:IEEE Spectrum
2766:
2765:
2760:
2753:
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