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391:. In comparison to other came metal strips, like brass, copper and zinc, lead is softer and more flexible, making it easier to cut and bend. It's also inexpensive and durable. A downside is that the finished projects may be prone to sagging due to lead's softness. This can be mitigated somewhat by stretching the lead to make it more rigid before it is used. Special precautions should be taken when working with this metal came to avoid lead contamination.
208:
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The lead came windows of the medieval churches are sturdier than those of the 19th century and much of the 20th century. The composition of lead came changed over time, at first by removing other metals to make a "pure lead" and then again during war years when lead was needed for ammunition. Since
508:
Zinc makes a lightweight, strong and rigid came, which lends itself to glasswork projects that don't have many curved lines, are large, or have a number of straight lines that require greater support than lead would afford. Zinc accepts finishes, such as black and copper. Because of its strength,
589:
together along the adjacent copper strips. A patent for the method of "Joining Glass
Mosaics" was issued to Sanford Bray in 1886, This new method of joining pieces of stained glass used copper/copper foil instead of lead sashes. By using copper foil, one could now make cylinders, cones, and
443:
257:
Works may need to be reinforced, like large pieces or ones that will be exposed to the outdoor elements. Support can be provided as the piece is made through the use of reinforced and metal-covered lead came, the use of steel strips in the came channels, or use of rigid cames, such as
492:
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1355:
535:
468:
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work is generally done in zinc came, primarily because of its ability to manage the weight of heavy plate glass; whereas beveled glass works made of lead came are much more likely to buckle or sag over time.
867:
Flux is used during the soldering process to better disperse heat from the soldering iron, improve the soldering process and to clean. Care should be taken to avoid contact to the skin or inhalation of its
359:
Brass and copper have been used to bring a copper or golden hue to the works. Generally, though, they were used only for windows between about 1890 and 1920. Both metals were often alternatives to zinc for
461:
Canterbury
Cathedral window is a 20th-century restoration using restoration lead cames and rods for structural support. It demonstrates good new leading, support, and the method of tying the lead to the
179:
246:
1301:
1857:
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608:
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the 1970s a new form of lead, restoration lead, was developed based upon medieval lead's metal composition. Restoration lead is stronger than lead came of the prior 100 years or so.
1862:
125:. The metal came selected generally depends upon the size, complexity and weight of the project. As an alternative to came, copper foil may be used, for small, intricate pieces.
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963:
Smedley, J. et al. (1998). Back to the Roots: The Raw
Materials, Glass Recipes and Glassmaking Practices of Theophilus. In: McCray, P. (ed).
620:
574:, c. 1899–1920, Tiffany "Daffodil" leaded glass table lamp. This is an example of copper foil glasswork, an alternative to came glasswork.
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Whiting has two purposes. It is used to seal the glaze or cement. It is also used to clean residue off of the came and the project.
1606:
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to bind the sections. When all of the glass pieces have been put within came and a border put around the entire work, pieces are
428:
292:. Theophilus was a Benedictine Monk who was a glass and pigment worker who practiced in the late 11th and early 12th centuries.
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1816:
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Lead came is often supplied in lengths of 2 m and in widths of differing sizes. It also comes in flat or domed profiles.
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Leaded glass window, High Street, Saffron Walden. In this case the came is an integral part of the artistic composition.
222:
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Many
Victorian-style houses in the United States have decorative came glasswork windows with clear beveled glass panels
1904:
1413:
831:
41:
Lyon and
Cottier, Stained glass panel in the transept of St. John's Anglican Church, Ashfield, New South Wales (NSW).
69:
2188:
1559:
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Windows now in the
American Wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright
1259:
The
Preservation of Historic Architecture: The U.S. Government's Official Guidelines for Preserving Historic Homes
1064:
The
Preservation of Historic Architecture: The U.S. Government's Official Guidelines for Preserving Historic Homes
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Copper foil is an easy, versatile alternative to came and is particularly useful for small projects. Using
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2004:
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Heinz, Thomas A. (September / October 1989). "Use & Repair of Zinc Cames in Art-Glass
Windows."
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Railway station showing fine Art Déco leadlighting with grisaille and yellow stain. Limoges, France.
2088:
1909:
1716:
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17:
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Heinz, Thomas A. (September/October 1989). "Use & Repair of Zinc Cames in Art-Glass
Windows".
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Theophilus and the Composition of Medieval Glass, Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology III
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Schematic depiction of H- and U-shaped lead came cross sections, with embedded glass pieces.
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Buckled lead came window, an undesired result of completed work that requires restoration
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zinc is often used for border cames, which are U-channel cames for the outside edges.
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St Mary's church, Yaxley, Suffolk is also an example of came glasswork restoration
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under the flanges of the leads to both faces prior to installation or by applying
288:, the first to write about joining art glass using the came technique in the book
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1175:, S. BRAY, " Joining glass mosaics", issued September 21, 1886
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Windows on south wall of Frank Lloyd Wright's Dana-Thomas House, Springfield IL
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1398:
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415:
150:
1247:. Second Edition. Lee's Summit, MO: The Stained Glass Association of America.
1154:. Dover Stained Glass Instruction Series. Courier Dover Publications. p. 21.
2148:
2138:
2123:
2093:
1633:
1564:
1408:
1036:
Basic Stained Glass Making: All the Skills and Tools You Need to Get Started
586:
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134:
106:
92:
84:
585:, the edges of the glass pieces are wrapped with adhesive copper tape and
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students at work in a stained glass workshop - assembling glass with came
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Brass-capped lead is another type of came used for glasswork projects.
332:
301:
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Came glasswork includes assembling pieces of cut and possibly painted
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324:
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Stained glass sign of a glass worker, an example of a completed work
1274:
The Conservation and Restoration of Stained Glass: An Owner's Guide
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1152:
How to Work in Beveled Glass: Forming, Designing, and Fabricating
512:
Frank Lloyd Wright used zinc came for his stained glass windows.
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384:
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may be attached to the back of finished works as reinforcement.
267:
138:
114:
110:
88:
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980:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Materials Research Society. p. 739.
1213:
Creative Stained Glass: Modern Designs & Simple Techniques
1192:
The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs
1131:
The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs
1110:
Creative Stained Glass: Modern Designs & Simple Techniques
1015:
The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs
994:
Creative Stained Glass: Modern Designs & Simple Techniques
923:
The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs
902:
The new stained glass: techniques, projects, patterns, designs
747:
101:
Final products include a wide range of glasswork, including
1356:
Regional characteristics of European cathedral architecture
300:
Materials to complete a glasswork project may include the
91:
strips or foil into picturesque designs in a framework of
380:
The traditional method of creating "camework glass" uses
602:
Comparison of the steps to use lead vs. copper foil came
1272:
The Census of Stained Glass Windows in America (1988).
614:
Glass pieces wrapped with copper foil, before soldering
1261:. Lyons Press Series. Globe Pequot. pp. 397–403.
659:: toothbrush, scrub brush, flux brush or cotton swabs
201:
studio - the project is in process of being assembled
65:
Frank Lloyd Wright, Hollyhock House, Los Angeles, CA
2081:
2025:
1987:
1892:
1871:
1500:
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1462:
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1371:
1364:
1328:
651:Tools to complete a glasswork project can include:
590:globe-shaped shades or many other irregular forms.
942:Weiss, Daniel and Susan Chace. (editors). (1979).
109:pieces. Came is made of different metals, such as
965:The Prehistory and History of Ancient Glassmaking
1194:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 52, 55.
1150:Isenberg, Anita and Seymour Isenberg. (2002).
1133:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 55-60.
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
406:afterwards. Typically the cement consisted of
149:and supported as needed. The work may be made
49:Canterbury, Canterbury cathedral-stained glass
1336:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
1295:
1243:Stained Glass Association of America (1992).
988:
986:
141:sections. The joints where the came meet are
8:
1066:. Lyons Press Series. Globe Pequot. p. 397.
1320:British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)
1017:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 52.
925:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 60.
904:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 51.
157:between the glass and the cames. A form of
1466:
1368:
1302:
1288:
1280:
896:
894:
825:Triple blade pattern shears for glasswork
1276:. Raleigh, NC: Stained Glass Associates.
1190:Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002).
1129:Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002).
1082:
1080:
1013:Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002).
921:Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002).
900:Shannon, George and Pat Torlen. (2002).
398:Water tightness is achieved by brushing
83:is the process of joining cut pieces of
890:
860:
801:Horseshoe nails for lead came glasswork
791:
592:
519:
424:
228:Glass art Tanja de Heus, Oldambt studio
175:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1245:SGAA Reference & Technical Manual
680:crimper or burnisher, for copper foil
474:St Michael's church, Langley, Norfolk
27:Glass joined with came strips or foil
7:
2212:
944:Reader's Digest Crafts & Hobbies
173:, may be added to finish the piece.
387:, which ages into a dark blue-gray
18:Lead came and copper foil glasswork
25:
153:by forcing a soft oily cement or
2211:
1062:Department of Interior. (2004).
830:
818:
806:
794:
631:
619:
607:
595:
559:, with a jonquil daffodil design
534:
522:
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427:
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178:
1310:British and Irish stained glass
1257:Department of Interior (2004).
626:Copper foil glasswork soldering
1211:Stevenson, Christine. (2004).
1108:Stevenson, Christine. (2004).
992:Stevenson, Christine. (2004).
327:. Additional supplies include
32:Stained glass (disambiguation)
1:
1858:British stained-glass artists
1950:Lavers, Barraud and Westlake
1905:Barton, Kinder and Alderson
1863:Irish stained-glass artists
946:. Reader's Digest. p. 114.
2277:
2189:Stained glass conservation
1560:Charles Edmund Clutterbuck
1450:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
1038:. Stackpole Books. p. 10.
1034:Berry, Leigh Ann. (2003).
75:Leaded Glass Composition I
29:
2207:
1477:John Loughborough Pearson
1315:
1215:. Lark Books. pp. 10–11.
714:: dust mask or respirator
197:Glass art Tanja de Heus,
1940:Heaton, Butler and Bayne
1394:Cambridge Camden Society
1384:Arts and Crafts Movement
1341:History of stained glass
676:cork-backed straightedge
2114:Curvilinear coordinates
1712:Lilian Josephine Pocock
1520:Edward Liddall Armitage
1173:US patent US349424A
2005:Fairford stained glass
1935:John Hardman & Co.
1737:Arnold Wathen Robinson
1346:Medieval stained glass
976:Freestone, I. (1992).
837:Breaker-grozier pliers
739:, combination, running
638:Copper foil glasswork
575:
560:
555:A typical copper foil
77:
66:
58:
50:
42:
1960:James Powell and Sons
1925:Walter Francis Clokey
1629:James Humphries Hogan
1582:Rachel de Montmorency
1555:Walter Francis Clokey
1112:. Lark Books. p. 12.
996:. Lark Books. p. 14.
566:
554:
72:
64:
56:
48:
40:
2016:My Four Green Fields
1995:Canterbury Cathedral
1651:Edward Holmes Jewitt
1487:George Gilbert Scott
286:Theophilus Presbyter
30:For other uses, see
2251:Artistic techniques
2089:Architectural glass
1910:Burlison and Grylls
1668:Charles Eamer Kempe
570:, head designer at
434:Theo van Doesburg,
270:. Bars of steel or
87:through the use of
73:Theo van Doesburg,
2000:Coventry Cathedral
1975:William Warrington
1945:Hincks and Burnell
1795:Nathaniel Westlake
1766:Caroline Townshend
1379:Aesthetic Movement
1372:Artistic movements
750:: miter came saw,
576:
561:
364:designed windows.
362:Frank Lloyd Wright
78:
67:
59:
51:
43:
2233:
2232:
1983:
1982:
1965:Shrigley and Hunt
1800:Christopher Whall
1749:Arild Rosenkrantz
1683:Catherine O’Brien
1612:Reginald Hallward
1602:Wilhelmina Geddes
1492:Alexander Thomson
1458:
1457:
1404:Early Renaissance
1240:. pp. 35–38.
1238:Old House Journal
1088:Old House Journal
572:Tiffany & Co.
368:Brass-capped lead
290:De Divers Artibus
16:(Redirected from
2268:
2215:
2214:
2129:Glass beadmaking
1955:Morris & Co.
1920:Clayton and Bell
1824:Thomas Willement
1778:Christopher Webb
1540:Margaret Chilton
1467:
1369:
1351:Poor Man's Bible
1304:
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728:permanent marker
640:Hanukkah menorah
635:
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355:Brass and copper
331:, cutter oil, a
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2109:Cathedral glass
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1979:
1888:
1879:Martin Harrison
1867:
1624:Herbert Hendrie
1535:Alfred E. Child
1496:
1454:
1440:The Glass House
1428:
1419:Oxford Movement
1389:Biblia pauperum
1360:
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1233:
1231:Further reading
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849:Qamariya Mosque
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2104:Came glasswork
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1970:William Wailes
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1812:Veronica Whall
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766:soldering iron
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743:safety glasses
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702:and horseshoe
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691:glazing hammer
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666:grinding stone
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568:Clara Driscoll
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81:Came glasswork
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2184:Stained glass
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2144:Lancet window
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2099:Beveled glass
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1900:An Túr Gloine
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1783:Geoffrey Webb
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1200:1-895569-80-X
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1160:0-486-42062-0
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1044:0-8117-2846-3
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1023:1-895569-80-X
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1002:1-57990-487-4
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952:0-89577-063-6
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931:1-895569-80-X
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813:Glazier tools
809:
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776:utility knife
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688:glass grinder
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514:Beveled glass
510:
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494:
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176:
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172:
168:
167:Angel gilding
164:
160:
159:embellishment
156:
152:
148:
144:
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136:
128:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:stained glass
99:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
76:
71:
63:
55:
47:
39:
33:
19:
2256:Medieval art
2194:Studio glass
2134:Glassblowing
2103:
2053:Fleur-de-lis
2014:
2010:York Minster
1915:Harry Clarke
1846:Edward Woore
1727:Sarah Purser
1688:Karl Parsons
1673:Mary Lowndes
1592:Mabel Esplin
1587:Alfred Drury
1550:Harry Clarke
1545:Brian Clarke
1445:Hogarth Club
1273:
1258:
1244:
1237:
1212:
1207:
1191:
1186:
1167:
1151:
1146:
1130:
1125:
1109:
1090:. pp. 35–38.
1087:
1063:
1035:
1030:
1014:
1009:
993:
977:
972:
964:
959:
943:
938:
922:
917:
901:
873:
863:
756:side cutters
684:glass cutter
650:
577:
557:Tiffany lamp
511:
507:
435:
420:white spirit
397:
393:
379:
371:
358:
350:
339:, flux, and
337:masking tape
299:
289:
284:
256:
132:
100:
80:
79:
74:
2174:Rose window
2119:Float glass
2082:Terminology
1884:John Ruskin
1732:Ethel Rhind
1700:Henry Payne
1639:Joan Howson
1570:Louis Davis
1525:Hugh Arnold
1424:Romanticism
1252:Restoration
718:metal files
547:Copper foil
408:linseed oil
2240:Categories
2169:Quatrefoil
1717:John Piper
1399:Classicism
1365:Influences
885:References
786:wire brush
416:lamp black
165:, such as
151:waterproof
107:lead light
2246:Glass art
2149:Leadlight
2139:Grisaille
2124:Glass art
2094:Art glass
1634:Evie Hone
1607:Jane Gray
1565:Trena Cox
1409:Exoticism
329:newspaper
306:cut glass
296:Materials
85:art glass
2216:Commons:
2154:Mandorla
2058:Heraldry
2043:Biblical
2038:Apostles
1988:Examples
967:. p. 146
843:See also
761:scissors
708:lathekin
587:soldered
436:Dance II
171:Eglomise
147:cemented
143:soldered
129:Overview
93:soldered
2225:Ireland
2199:Tracery
2179:Roundel
2159:Mullion
2073:Virtues
2063:Prophet
2033:Admiral
1872:Critics
1501:Artists
1329:History
752:hacksaw
723:patinas
663:carbide
657:brushes
412:whiting
341:whiting
335:board,
333:plywood
302:pattern
281:History
199:Oldambt
163:gilding
2164:Pontil
2048:Bishop
2026:Images
1463:People
1265:
1219:
1198:
1179:
1158:
1137:
1116:
1070:
1042:
1021:
1000:
950:
929:
908:
868:fumes.
771:sponge
733:pliers
700:hammer
695:gloves
671:cloths
580:copper
400:cement
389:patina
325:cement
321:solder
260:copper
155:mastic
137:using
123:copper
2068:Saint
1851:works
1839:works
1817:works
1805:works
1788:works
1771:works
1759:works
1742:works
1705:works
1693:works
1656:works
1644:works
1617:works
1575:works
1513:works
855:Notes
704:nails
647:Tools
462:rods.
404:putty
275:rebar
272:steel
264:brass
135:glass
119:brass
96:metal
1263:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1019:ISBN
998:ISBN
948:ISBN
927:ISBN
906:ISBN
781:vise
712:mask
583:foil
504:Zinc
418:and
385:came
382:lead
376:Lead
347:Came
317:trim
314:wood
310:came
268:zinc
169:and
161:and
139:came
121:and
115:zinc
111:lead
105:and
89:came
754:or
748:saw
266:or
2242::
1095:^
1079:^
1051:^
985:^
893:^
735::
422:.
414:,
410:,
343:.
323:,
319:,
312:,
308:,
304:,
262:,
117:,
113:,
98:.
1303:e
1296:t
1289:v
1269:.
1223:.
1202:.
1162:.
1141:.
1120:.
1074:.
1046:.
1025:.
1004:.
954:.
933:.
912:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
