169:
183:
20:
155:
104:
when patients are 60 years old and kills them when they are 65 years old. These patients lived 5 years after the diagnosis. Now, consider that with screening, the disease is detected when the patients are 55 years old, but they still die when they are 65. They did not live any longer because of
84:
The goal of screening is earlier detection (to diagnose a disease earlier than it would be without screening). Therefore, if screening works, it needs to advance in time to the moment of diagnosis. In other words, screening needs to introduce a lead time. However, the lead time itself
138:
at birth makes it possible to diagnose this disorder earlier. If this newborn baby dies at around 65, the person will have "survived" 65 years after diagnosis, without having actually lived any longer than those diagnosed without
105:
earlier detection, but they survived 10 years after the diagnosis (only because the disease was diagnosed 5 years earlier). Therefore, earlier detection alone is not enough to achieve longer survival.
119:
Another example is when early diagnosis by screening may not prolong the life of someone but just determine the propensity of the person to a disease or medical condition, such as by
914:
889:
134:
is diagnosed when symptoms appear at around 50, and the person dies at around 65. The typical patient, therefore, lives about 15 years after diagnosis. A
919:
282:
234:
316:
909:
719:
838:
724:
378:
373:
1017:
496:
221:
Rollison, Dana E.; Sabel, Michael S. (2007-01-01), Sabel, Michael S.; Sondak, Vernon K.; Sussman, Jeffrey J. (eds.),
832:
358:
23:
Lead time bias occurs if testing increases the perceived survival time without affecting the course of the disease.
464:
962:
686:
486:
991:
986:
899:
781:
546:
526:
422:
131:
109:
972:
656:
636:
417:
395:
1012:
751:
666:
641:
586:
222:
55:
168:
58:
and diagnosis (based on traditional criteria). For example, it is the time between early detection by
704:
556:
432:
309:
79:
59:
51:
39:
859:
776:
676:
611:
551:
541:
536:
400:
756:
741:
501:
491:
474:
174:
101:
97:(the time the person has lived after diagnosis) only because screening starts the clock sooner.
255:
66:(without screening). It is an important factor when evaluating the effectiveness of a specific
869:
806:
791:
714:
696:
631:
427:
343:
278:
230:
63:
936:
796:
736:
661:
646:
506:
459:
368:
363:
348:
196:
128:
116:
even in cases where the course of cancer is the same as in those who were diagnosed later.
904:
894:
671:
651:
566:
469:
444:
439:
412:
390:
302:
160:
135:
123:. No additional life span has been gained, and the patient may even be subject to added
946:
941:
931:
854:
771:
681:
626:
616:
601:
596:
561:
516:
481:
385:
334:
188:
1022:
1006:
884:
864:
827:
801:
786:
766:
746:
709:
621:
581:
576:
571:
449:
353:
127:
as the patient must live for longer with knowledge of the disease. For example, the
844:
606:
591:
182:
100:
Consider, for instance, a disease where there is no screening that is diagnosed by
67:
761:
531:
521:
511:
407:
120:
879:
874:
849:
150:
90:
967:
454:
35:
31:
19:
46:
lived longer. Lead time is the duration of time between the detection of a
926:
811:
94:
124:
47:
43:
113:
93:: people with diseases detected by screening appear to have a longer
18:
325:
86:
298:
112:, effectively making it appear that people survive longer with
16:
Time between a new disease's identification and first diagnoses
140:
229:, Surgical Foundations, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 21–38,
223:"3 - Basic Epidemiologic Methods for Cancer Investigations"
294:
54:
or based on new experimental criteria) and its usual
955:
820:
695:
332:
108:Lead time bias affects the interpretation of the
62:and the time when diagnosis would have been made
310:
8:
74:Relationship between screening and survival
973:Heuristics in judgment and decision-making
317:
303:
295:
277:. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 318.
208:
7:
216:
214:
212:
38:was done earlier (for instance, by
14:
181:
167:
153:
227:Essentials of Surgical Oncology
42:), irrespective of whether the
1:
839:DĂ©formation professionnelle
1039:
833:Basking in reflected glory
77:
981:
963:Cognitive bias mitigation
547:Illusion of transparency
110:five-year survival rate
34:appears longer because
24:
915:Arab–Israeli conflict
642:Social influence bias
587:Out-group homogeneity
273:Gordis, Leon (2008).
56:clinical presentation
22:
557:Mere-exposure effect
487:Extrinsic incentives
433:Selective perception
132:Huntington's disease
80:Screening (medicine)
782:Social desirability
677:von Restorff effect
552:Mean world syndrome
527:Hostile attribution
1018:Medical statistics
697:Statistical biases
475:Curse of knowledge
175:Mathematics portal
25:
1000:
999:
637:Social comparison
418:Choice-supportive
284:978-1-4160-4002-6
236:978-0-8151-4385-7
1030:
797:Systematic error
752:Omitted-variable
667:Trait ascription
507:Frog pond effect
335:Cognitive biases
319:
312:
305:
296:
289:
288:
270:
264:
263:
252:
246:
245:
244:
243:
218:
197:Length time bias
191:
186:
185:
177:
172:
171:
163:
158:
157:
156:
129:genetic disorder
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1003:
1002:
1001:
996:
977:
951:
816:
691:
672:Turkey illusion
440:Compassion fade
337:
328:
323:
293:
292:
285:
272:
271:
267:
254:
253:
249:
241:
239:
237:
220:
219:
210:
205:
187:
180:
173:
166:
161:Medicine portal
159:
154:
152:
149:
82:
76:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
994:
989:
982:
979:
978:
976:
975:
970:
965:
959:
957:
956:Bias reduction
953:
952:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
932:Political bias
929:
924:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
877:
872:
867:
862:
860:Infrastructure
857:
852:
847:
842:
835:
830:
824:
822:
818:
817:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
777:Self-selection
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
728:
727:
717:
712:
707:
701:
699:
693:
692:
690:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
612:Pro-innovation
609:
604:
599:
597:Overton window
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
478:
477:
467:
465:Dunning–Kruger
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
436:
435:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
404:
403:
393:
388:
383:
382:
381:
379:Correspondence
376:
374:Actor–observer
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
340:
338:
333:
330:
329:
324:
322:
321:
314:
307:
299:
291:
290:
283:
265:
260:gpnotebook.com
247:
235:
207:
206:
204:
201:
200:
199:
193:
192:
189:Science portal
178:
164:
148:
145:
78:Main article:
75:
72:
28:Lead time bias
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1035:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
993:
990:
988:
984:
983:
980:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
958:
954:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:United States
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
885:False balance
883:
882:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
840:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
819:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:Participation
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
726:
725:Psychological
723:
722:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
700:
698:
694:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
492:Fading affect
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
476:
473:
472:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
434:
431:
430:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
402:
399:
398:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
339:
336:
331:
327:
320:
315:
313:
308:
306:
301:
300:
297:
286:
280:
276:
269:
266:
261:
257:
251:
248:
238:
232:
228:
224:
217:
215:
213:
209:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
184:
179:
176:
170:
165:
162:
151:
146:
144:
142:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
117:
115:
111:
106:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
81:
73:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:survival time
30:happens when
29:
21:
1013:Epidemiology
870:In education
837:
821:Other biases
807:Verification
792:Survivorship
742:Non-response
731:
715:Healthy user
657:Substitution
632:Self-serving
428:Confirmation
396:Availability
344:Acquiescence
275:Epidemiology
274:
268:
259:
256:"GPnotebook"
250:
240:, retrieved
226:
136:genetic test
118:
107:
99:
83:
27:
26:
937:Publication
890:Vietnam War
737:Length time
720:Information
662:Time-saving
522:Horn effect
512:Halo effect
460:Distinction
369:Attribution
364:Attentional
143:detection.
121:DNA testing
1007:Categories
900:South Asia
875:Liking gap
687:In animals
652:Status quo
567:Negativity
470:Egocentric
445:Congruence
423:Commitment
413:Blind spot
401:Mean world
391:Automation
242:2021-01-14
91:statistics
64:clinically
968:Debiasing
947:White hat
942:Reporting
855:Inductive
772:Selection
732:Lead time
705:Estimator
682:Zero-risk
647:Spotlight
627:Restraint
617:Proximity
602:Precision
562:Narrative
517:Hindsight
502:Frequency
482:Emotional
455:Declinism
386:Authority
359:Anchoring
349:Ambiguity
89:survival
60:screening
52:screening
40:screening
36:diagnosis
865:Inherent
828:Academic
802:Systemic
787:Spectrum
767:Sampling
747:Observer
710:Forecast
622:Response
582:Optimism
577:Omission
572:Normalcy
542:In-group
537:Implicit
450:Cultural
354:Affinity
147:See also
102:symptoms
95:survival
987:General
985:Lists:
920:Ukraine
845:Funding
607:Present
592:Outcome
497:Framing
125:anxiety
48:disease
44:patient
992:Memory
905:Sweden
895:Norway
762:Recall
532:Impact
408:Belief
326:Biases
281:
233:
114:cancer
87:biases
880:Media
850:FUTON
203:Notes
1023:Bias
279:ISBN
231:ISBN
68:test
50:(by
927:Net
812:Wet
141:DNA
1009::
258:.
225:,
211:^
70:.
318:e
311:t
304:v
287:.
262:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
