26:
42:
163:
countries. Scholars such as Alec Nove and J.A. Newth have argued that most development indicators suggests that the Soviet Muslim countries far-exceeded those Muslim countries outside the Soviet sphere of influence. The administrative, political and economic system was
168:
by Kyrgiz standards, however, numerical indicators of development only partially supports this view, with one claiming that 63.2% of
Kyrgyzstan's population still lived in rural areas. This was, however, the highest of any country in
177:
rate is in large part because of its large
Russian population, with most Europeans living in urban areas. Russian immigration slowed in 1959, the same year the national birth rate increased. However, the
1934:
1954:
30:
1969:
1964:
125:
1949:
1944:
193:
from "scratch", the social institutions led to infiltrations by religious, tribal and communal group into the political system. After the death of
1959:
1903:
1862:
1827:
1800:
1769:
129:
1939:
121:
1380:
1375:
1891:
1370:
1761:
179:
132:(commonly known as Kirghizia) which was established in 1936 as republic in its own right within the
1042:
945:
513:
190:
160:
1076:
1895:
1899:
1858:
1823:
1796:
1765:
1324:
1142:
969:
152:
61:
25:
1792:
921:
643:
1848:
1786:
41:
1884:
1817:
1755:
780:
368:
First
Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party
231:
First
Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party
1928:
1005:
983:
959:
935:
911:
838:
476:
194:
183:
165:
209:
Kara-Kirghiz
Autonomous Oblast (1924–1925) and Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1925–1926)
1349:
174:
170:
133:
92:
46:
140:
148:
1854:
57:
1731:
889:
867:
454:
432:
410:
388:
272:
251:
156:
202:
205:
led to an increase in the importance of tribes in communal affairs.
197:, the level of repression declined and less surveillance from the
144:
1919:
198:
1757:
Political
Culture and Democratic Development in Central Asia
1816:
Institute for
Central Asian and Caucasian Studies (2006).
1850:
282:
Kirghiz
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1926–1936)
186:, an example being that religion was still widespread.
1935:
Occupations in the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1955:
Lists of political office-holders in the Soviet Union
1886:
Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia
847:
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kirghizia
102:
88:
76:
68:
53:
18:
1883:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1182:Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
555:Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
306:Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
531:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
8:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
64:or any party apparatus and by electoral vote
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
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1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1034:Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
820:Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
505:Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
40:
1970:Communist Party of Kirghizia politicians
1965:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic people
1339:
1314:
1180:
1157:
1032:
1018:
845:
818:
801:
658:
553:
539:
503:
489:
366:
349:
304:
290:
229:
212:
182:had for the most part been untouched by
1397:
1412:
1410:
189:In spite of intense efforts to create
15:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1027:
1024:
1021:
810:
807:
804:
548:
545:
542:
498:
495:
492:
358:
355:
352:
299:
296:
293:
221:
218:
215:
7:
660:Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
1788:Historical Dictionary of Kyrgyzstan
134:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1819:Central Eurasia: Analytical Annual
14:
1732:"Soviet republics: Kirgiz S.S.R."
130:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
1950:Lists of Kyrgyzstani politicians
1822:. CA&CC Press. p. 184.
128:. This was the precursor to the
24:
1945:Political history of Kyrgyzstan
1754:Mohapatra, Nalin Kumar (2006).
1316:Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
1159:Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
1:
1920:Republics of the Soviet Union
159:to Kyrgyzstan, and the other
122:Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast
1381:Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
1376:Vice President of Kyrgyzstan
19:First Secretary of Kirghizia
1960:Leaders of the Soviet Union
1882:Collins, Kathleens (2006).
139:With the Soviet Union came
1986:
1892:Cambridge University Press
1357:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1272:
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1267:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
990:
982:
978:
974:
968:
966:
958:
954:
950:
944:
942:
934:
930:
926:
920:
918:
910:
906:
902:
898:
896:
888:
884:
880:
876:
874:
866:
862:
858:
854:
852:
837:
834:
831:
827:
825:
789:
785:
779:
777:
771:
767:
763:
761:
755:
751:
747:
745:
739:
735:
731:
729:
723:
719:
715:
713:
707:
703:
699:
697:
691:
687:
683:
681:
675:
671:
667:
665:
652:
648:
642:
640:
634:
630:
626:
624:
618:
614:
610:
608:
602:
598:
594:
592:
586:
582:
578:
576:
570:
566:
562:
560:
522:
518:
512:
510:
475:
471:
467:
463:
461:
453:
449:
445:
441:
439:
431:
427:
423:
419:
417:
409:
405:
401:
397:
395:
387:
383:
379:
375:
373:
337:
333:
329:
327:
321:
317:
313:
311:
271:
268:
264:
260:
258:
250:
246:
242:
238:
236:
37:
23:
1764:: Bookwell. p. 53.
1940:Communism in Kyrgyzstan
1371:President of Kyrgyzstan
1341:President of Kyrgyzstan
173:. The country's higher
1785:Abazov, Rafis (2004).
1762:University of Michigan
1496:Collins 2006, pp. 109.
1857:. 1999. p. 446.
1416:Collins 2006, pp. 84.
1404:Collins 2006, pp. 83.
180:indigenous population
31:Republic coat of arms
1270:Arstanbek Duysheyev
716:Akhmatbek Suyumbayev
161:Soviet Central Asian
83:(as First Secretary)
1206:Moldogazy Tokobayev
1094:Sultankul Shamurzin
1043:Abdukadyr Urazbekov
993:Jumgalbek Amanbayev
946:Turdakun Usubaliyev
764:Arstanbek Duysheyev
536:Heads of government
514:Abdukadyr Urazbekov
287:Heads of government
1358:December 25, 1991
1301:Tashtanbek Akmatov
1082:September 16, 1937
1077:Maryam Tugambayeva
1064:September 16, 1937
1052:September 16, 1937
899:Nikolay Bogolyubov
442:Aleksandr Shakhray
398:Vladimir Shubrikov
334:September 27, 1933
322:September 27, 1933
314:Yusup Abdrakhmanov
111:December 25, 1991
1362:
1361:
1355:October 27, 1990
1325:Absamat Masaliyev
1285:Temirbek Koshoyev
1258:December 22, 1978
1246:December 22, 1978
1226:November 14, 1945
1214:November 14, 1945
1190:Asanaly Tolubayev
1143:Kalima Amankulova
1130:February 15, 1938
1118:February 15, 1938
1114:December 16, 1937
1102:December 16, 1937
1012:
1011:
970:Absamat Masaliyev
881:February 20, 1938
863:February 20, 1938
832:December 5, 1936
795:
794:
736:December 22, 1978
724:December 22, 1978
649:November 14, 1945
635:November 14, 1945
599:February 15, 1938
587:February 15, 1938
583:September 8, 1937
571:September 8, 1937
528:
527:
483:
482:
343:
342:
279:
278:
153:industrialization
118:
117:
62:Central Committee
1977:
1909:
1889:
1869:
1868:
1845:
1834:
1833:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1751:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1497:
1494:
1417:
1414:
1405:
1402:
1334:October 27, 1990
1289:January 14, 1981
1277:January 14, 1981
1273:January 10, 1979
1262:January 10, 1979
1019:
975:November 2, 1985
955:November 2, 1985
802:
768:January 21, 1981
756:January 21, 1981
752:December 4, 1980
740:December 4, 1980
720:January 23, 1968
708:January 23, 1968
668:Abdy Suyerkulov
595:Ismail Abuzyarov
567:December 5, 1936
540:
523:December 5, 1936
490:
472:December 5, 1936
350:
338:December 5, 1936
291:
213:
114:
109:
106:August 31, 1991
98:
84:
72:October 14, 1924
44:
28:
16:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1906:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1853:. Vol. 4.
1847:
1846:
1837:
1830:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1795:. p. 340.
1793:Scarecrow Press
1784:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1753:
1752:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1500:
1495:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1367:
1352:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1242:August 25, 1978
1239:
1238:Sultan Ibraimov
1231:
1230:August 25, 1978
1227:
1223:
1222:Turabay Kulatov
1215:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1098:October 4, 1937
1095:
1087:
1086:October 4, 1937
1083:
1079:
1069:
1068:October 4, 1937
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1017:
1008:
1002:
1001:August 29, 1991
998:
994:
986:
980:
976:
972:
962:
956:
952:
948:
938:
932:
928:
924:
922:Iskhak Razzakov
914:
908:
904:
900:
892:
886:
882:
878:
870:
864:
860:
856:
841:
829:
800:
791:
787:
783:
773:
769:
765:
757:
753:
749:
741:
737:
733:
732:Sultan Ibraimov
725:
721:
717:
709:
705:
701:
693:
689:
685:
684:Kazy Dikambayev
677:
673:
669:
654:
650:
646:
644:Iskhak Razzakov
636:
632:
628:
627:Turabay Kulatov
620:
616:
612:
604:
600:
596:
588:
584:
580:
572:
568:
564:
563:Bayaly Isakeyev
538:
533:
524:
520:
516:
488:
479:
473:
469:
465:
457:
451:
447:
443:
435:
429:
425:
421:
413:
407:
403:
399:
391:
385:
381:
377:
376:Nikolay Uzyukov
348:
339:
335:
331:
330:Bayaly Isakeyev
323:
319:
315:
289:
284:
275:
266:
262:
261:Nikolay Uzyukov
254:
248:
244:
240:
211:
124:was created in
112:
110:
107:
96:
95:
82:
81:
49:
45:
33:
12:
11:
5:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1914:External links
1912:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1835:
1828:
1808:
1801:
1777:
1770:
1737:
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1406:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
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1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:April 10, 1990
1328:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:April 10, 1990
1307:
1305:August 8, 1987
1303:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:August 8, 1987
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
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1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:March 22, 1943
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:March 22, 1943
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1126:Murat Salikhov
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1016:
1015:Heads of state
1013:
1010:
1009:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
988:
987:
981:
977:
973:
967:
964:
963:
957:
953:
949:
943:
940:
939:
933:
929:
925:
919:
916:
915:
909:
905:
901:
897:
894:
893:
887:
883:
879:
875:
872:
871:
865:
861:
859:April 23, 1937
857:
855:Maksim Ammosov
853:
850:
849:
843:
842:
836:
833:
830:
828:Moris Belotsky
826:
823:
822:
816:
815:
812:
809:
806:
799:
798:Heads of party
796:
793:
792:
788:
784:
781:Apas Jumagulov
778:
775:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:
710:
706:
702:
700:Bolot Mambetov
698:
695:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:
678:
674:
670:
666:
663:
662:
656:
655:
651:
647:
641:
638:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:
621:
617:
615:April 27, 1938
613:
609:
606:
605:
603:April 27, 1938
601:
597:
593:
590:
589:
585:
581:
579:Murat Salikhov
577:
574:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:
557:
551:
550:
547:
544:
537:
534:
532:
529:
526:
525:
521:
519:March 12, 1927
517:
511:
508:
507:
501:
500:
497:
494:
487:
486:Heads of state
484:
481:
480:
474:
470:
466:
464:Moris Belotsky
462:
459:
458:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
436:
430:
426:
422:
420:Mikhail Kulkov
418:
415:
414:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
392:
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
370:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
347:
346:Heads of party
344:
341:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
324:
320:
318:March 12, 1927
316:
312:
309:
308:
302:
301:
298:
295:
288:
285:
283:
280:
277:
276:
270:
267:
263:
259:
256:
255:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
233:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
210:
207:
116:
115:
104:
100:
99:
97:(as President)
90:
86:
85:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
55:
51:
50:
39:
38:
35:
34:
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1982:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1905:0-521-83950-5
1901:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1864:1-85743-058-1
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:91-976993-1-4
1825:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1802:0-8108-4868-6
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1771:81-89640-17-8
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:
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979:April 6, 1991
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877:Aleksey Vagov
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790:21 Jan 1991
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688:March 6, 1958
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676:March 6, 1958
672:July 10, 1950
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631:July 19, 1938
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619:July 19, 1938
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239:M.D. Kamensky
235:
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200:
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195:Joseph Stalin
192:
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184:Sovietization
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166:revolutionary
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137:
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120:In 1919, the
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80:M.D. Kamensky
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1876:Bibliography
1849:
1818:
1811:
1787:
1780:
1756:
1400:
1350:Askar Akayev
1340:
1315:
1181:
1158:
1148:May 15, 1938
1134:May 15, 1938
1110:Ivan Sokolov
1033:
1028:Left office
1025:Took office
927:July 7, 1950
907:July 7, 1950
846:
819:
814:Nationality
811:Left office
808:Took office
786:May 20, 1986
772:May 20, 1986
748:Pyotr Khodos
704:May 16, 1961
692:May 10, 1961
659:
554:
549:Left office
546:Took office
504:
499:Left office
496:Took office
367:
362:Nationality
359:Left office
356:Took office
305:
300:Left office
297:Took office
230:
225:Nationality
222:Left office
219:Took office
188:
175:urbanization
171:Central Asia
138:
119:
93:Askar Akayev
89:Final holder
77:First holder
47:Askar Akayev
1734:Rulers.org.
1254:Andrey Buss
1167:I.P. Boryak
951:May 9, 1961
931:May 9, 1961
835:March 1937
611:Ivan Rebrov
141:electricity
1929:Categories
1894:. p.
1387:References
1060:Mikhail Us
149:irrigation
113:(official)
108:(declared)
1855:Routledge
903:July 1945
885:July 1945
191:socialism
103:Abolished
69:Formation
58:Politburo
54:Appointer
1365:See also
1022:Holders
805:Holders
543:Holders
493:Holders
353:Holders
294:Holders
216:Holders
157:literacy
136:(USSR).
890:Russian
868:Russian
455:Russian
433:Russian
411:Russian
389:Russian
273:Russian
252:Russian
1902:
1861:
1826:
1799:
1768:
1006:Kyrgyz
984:Kyrgyz
960:Kyrgyz
936:Kyrgyz
912:Kyrgyz
839:Jewish
477:Jewish
203:Moscow
1392:Notes
269:1926
145:water
1900:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1797:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1048:1936
468:1934
450:1934
446:1930
428:1930
424:1929
406:1929
402:1927
384:1927
380:1926
265:1925
247:1925
243:1924
201:and
155:and
1896:376
199:KGB
1931::
1898:.
1890:.
1838:^
1791:.
1760:.
1740:^
1501:^
1421:^
1409:^
151:,
147:,
143:,
60:,
1908:.
1867:.
1832:.
1805:.
1774:.
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