740:, Article 16 was invoked for the first (and only) time. Proceedings were complicated by the fact that under the Covenant, neither the Council nor the Assembly was responsible for passing sanctions, making the measures voluntary by each state rather than obligatory. Therefore, there was no Council or Assembly resolution mandating sanctions. Instead, Article 15 was initially invoked again, treating the hostilities as a 'dispute', and a non-binding committee appointed by the Council to investigate the dispute (under Article 5) submitted a report explicitly stating that Italy had started a war in violation of the Covenant, and invoking Article 16. The Council then did not vote on the report, but all members other than Italy verbally stated that they agreed with it, and again referred the case to the Assembly. The Assembly then discussed sanctions, and 50 out of 54 members voluntarily agreed to apply them (Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Albania refused). The sanctions were weak and failed to stop the war, as member states were again reluctant to damage their own economies. Bank loans and arms were sanctioned, but oil and coal, viewed as necessary for Mussolini's war machine, were not.
620:
5163:
827:
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107:
584:"serious objections" by other delegates had negated the majority vote, and the amendment was dismissed. Finally on 11 April 1919, the revised Hurst-Miller draft was approved, but without fully resolving certain questions as had been brought forth regarding matters such as national equality, racial equality, and how the new League might be able to practically enforce its various mandates.
134:
2309:
643:, but also meant that no country should provide assistance to such rebels. It was also understood that if any member or non-member of the League was defeated while undertaking an aggressive war, the Covenant did not protect that defeated party against the consequence of a loss of territory and political independence (e.g., the Soviet Union's
794:"Communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire" were considered "to have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations could be provisionally recognized" and the Mandatory powers were charged with "rendering administrative advice and assistance until such time as they are able to stand alone".
802:
Mandatory, and other circumstances" to be "best administered under the laws of the
Mandatory as integral portions of its territory, subject to the safeguards above mentioned in the interests of the indigenous population". The reference to "geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory" clearly related to
797:
Regarding "Other peoples, especially those of
Central Africa" the Mandatory powers were charged to "guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic and the liquor traffic, and
583:
During a certain interval while Wilson was away, the question of international equality was raised once again. A vote on a motion supporting the "equality of nations and the just treatment of their nationals" was made, and was supported by 11 of the 19 delegates. Upon Wilson's return he declared that
728:
by the single negative vote of the Empire of Japan. Afterward, the League invoked
Article 15, treating the invasion as a 'dispute', and the Council referred the case to the Assembly. In a 35-page report, the Assembly voted 42–1 to recognize Manchuria as territory under Chinese sovereignty, with the
703:
Article 16 gave the members of the League the power to levy sanctions or use force against another member that committed a war of aggression. However, this article was very weak in practice, as the
Covenant had been written under the assumption that League members would be willing to cooperate with
766:
Article 16, in addition to sanctions, also gave specifically to the
Council the power to "recommend" military action against a member of the League that committed a war of aggression. Again there was no enforcement mechanism, the League had no peacekeepers of its own, and members were individually
782:
Article 22 referred to the creation of
Mandate territories, which were given over to be administered by European powers. Though most Mandates were given to countries such as Britain and France, which possessed considerable colonial empires, the Covenant made the clear distinction that a Mandate
786:
The
Covenant asserted that such territories were "inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world" and so "the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their
666:
in favor of ratification, but could not reach the necessary two-thirds majority.) For many
Republicans in the Senate, Article 10 was the most objectionable provision. Their objections were based on the fact that, by ratifying such a document, the United States would be bound by an international
587:
The new League would include a
General Assembly (representing all member states), an Executive Council (with membership limited to major powers), and a permanent secretariat. Member states were expected to "respect and preserve as against external aggression" the territorial integrity of other
801:
With regard to "Territories, such as South-West Africa and certain of the South
Pacific Islands", they were assumed "owing to the sparseness of their population, or their small size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or their geographical contiguity to the territory of the
4785:
567:
During the ensuing negotiations various major objections arose from various countries. France wanted the League to form an international army to enforce its decisions, but the British worried such an army would be dominated by the French, and the Americans could not agree as only
5071:
4295:
729:
negative vote of the Empire of Japan not counting under Article 15 rules, thus making the recognition unanimous. However, without Article 16, there was no way for the League to enforce this resolution, and the Empire of Japan withdrew from the League a month later.
4869:
4620:
763:. Article 17 made it theoretically possible to apply the sanctions of Article 16 against non-members of the League, but no member made any serious attempt to do this, instead preparing their militaries for the now-inevitable start of World War II in Europe.
4615:
4657:
2080:
798:
the prevention of the establishment of fortifications or military and naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than police purposes and the defence of territory", and no mention was made of any eventual independence.
4662:
1176:
Kunz, Josef L., and Manley O. Hudson. “THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND NEUTRALITY.” Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at Its Annual Meeting (1921-1969), vol. 29, 1935, pp. 36–45. JSTOR,
694:
was free to interpret or reject even a unanimous vote of the League Council invoking Article 10. He went on to say that Article 10 "is a moral, not a legal, obligation...it is binding in conscience only, not in law."
4632:
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4642:
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to invoke Article 16, despite calls to do so from the small powers. The League's Council did attempt to pass a resolution (outside of Article 16) stating that the Empire of Japan must withdraw, but it was
4223:
845:
4339:
3927:
1163:
Chang, David Wen-wei. “The Western Powers and Japan’s Aggression in China: The League of Nations and ‘The Lytton Report.’” American Journal of Chinese Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, 2003, pp. 43–63. JSTOR,
5507:
4677:
5497:
2205:
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3843:
3794:
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1104:
Zimmern, Alfred. “The League’s Handling of the Italo-Abyssinian Dispute.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1931-1939), vol. 14, no. 6, 1935, pp. 751–68. JSTOR,
4757:
4605:
560:(Serbia). Further representatives of Czechoslovakia, Greece, Poland and Romania were later added. The group considered a preliminary draft co-written by Hurst and President Wilson's adviser
5297:
516:
in 1919, a commission was appointed to agree on a covenant. Members included Woodrow Wilson (as chair), Colonel House (representing the U.S.), Robert Cecil and Jan Smuts (British Empire),
1190:
Hudson, Manley O. “The Report of the Assembly of the League of Nations on the Sino-Japanese Dispute.” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 27, no. 2, 1933, pp. 300–05. JSTOR,
4329:
4265:
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5227:
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1355:
564:. During the first four months of 1919 the group met on ten separate occasions, attempting to negotiate the exact terms of the foundational Covenant agreement for the future League.
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4250:
4193:
3863:
3449:
3349:
2148:
1025:
The Constitution at the Crossroads: a Study of the Legal Aspects of the League of Nations, the Permanent Organization of Labor and the Permanent Court of International Justice
4750:
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and existing political independence of all Members of the League". It was noted that a League of Nations member was not bound to assist a fellow member in combating internal
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5392:
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suggested that an official committee be set up to draft a covenant for a future league. The British committee was finally appointed in February 1918; it was led by
607:
The treaty entered into force on 10 January 1920. Articles 4, 6, 12, 13, and 15 were amended in 1924. The treaty shares similar provisions and structures with the
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1234:
Spencer, John H. “The Italian-Ethiopian Dispute and the League of Nations.” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 31, no. 4, 1937, pp. 614–41. JSTOR,
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from Connecticut led the fight in the U.S. Senate against ratification, believing that it was best not to become involved in international conflicts. Under the
658:
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had secured his proposal to apply to become part of the League of Nations in the final draft of the Treaty of Versailles, but the
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2014:
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1203:“League of Nations Assembly Report on the Sino-Japanese Dispute.” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 27, no. 3, 1933, pp. 119–53. JSTOR,
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501:. At least one of Wilson's drafts was reportedly based on a proposal to establish a "league of nations" that was written by American peace activist
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was not impressed with the Phillimore Committee's report, and would eventually produce three draft covenants of his own with help from his friend
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1900:
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708:, the great powers were reluctant to further damage their own economies by sanctioning another great power, and the policy used was largely
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110:
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1970:
1286:
BECK, PETER J. “The League of Nations and the Great Powers, 1936-1940.” World Affairs, vol. 157, no. 4, 1995, pp. 175–89. JSTOR,
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clause. This was deeply opposed, particularly by American political sentiment, while Wilson himself simply ignored the question.
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Article 10 of the Covenant of the League of Nations obliged members of the League "to respect and preserve as against external
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In a statement by President Wilson to the Senate, he described Article 10 as advisory in nature, and that Congress under the
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had been created, consisting of great powers that had quit the League. This left the League powerless against the
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1407:
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335:
177:
83:
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679:, the President of the United States may not ratify a treaty unless the Senate, by a two-thirds vote, gives its
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1993:
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202:
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4104:
2937:
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1987:
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Finally, Article 16 gave the League the power to expel Covenant-breaking members. This was only used once
234:
592:"to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety". All states were required to submit complaints for
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geographical position can best undertake this responsibility" as "a sacred trust of civilization".
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311:
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1935:
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Pact Originator Is Salt Lake Visitor: Woman Who Suggested League of Nations Up for Nobel Prize
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803:
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1805:
1462:
997:
962:
League of Nations Covenant and United Nations Charter: A Side-by-Side (Full Text) Comparison
705:
597:
525:
298:
229:
4870:
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
3900:
3554:
3257:
2816:
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1863:
1841:
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1324:
1126:"International Organization and World Peace--A Critique of the League of Nations Covenant"
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832:
767:
responsible for supplying any military forces. This part of Article 16 was never invoked.
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17:
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Commission de la Société des Nations, Procès-verbal N° 1, Séance du 3 février 1919
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2386:
2060:
1752:
1579:
1249:"1935 Sanctions Against Italy: Would Coal and Crude Oil have made a Difference?"
972:
744:
720:
709:
593:
589:
573:
541:
490:
443:
439:
430:, and became effective together with the rest of the Treaty on 10 January 1920.
373:
2081:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Austria-Hungary and Japan
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1440:
1303:
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114:
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could declare war. Japan requested that a clause upholding the principle of
462:
in New York City—had their own plan. This plan was largely supported by the
438:
Early drafts for a possible League of Nations began even before the end of
1080:"Testimony of Woodrow Wilson, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 1919"
4947:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
4024:
4012:
1218:"Four Reasons Why the United Nations Has Survived for Seventy-Five Years"
1667:
1287:
1178:
1164:
1052:
Hewes, James E. (1970). "Henry Cabot Lodge and the League of Nations".
985:
807:
419:
1627:
1065:
986:"Interpretation of Article X of the Covenant of the League of Nations"
4089:
4007:
3977:
3942:
2365:
450:, founded in 1915. Another group in the United States—which included
1001:
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failed to consent to the ratification of the Treaty. (It had voted
3987:
3465:
1235:
1204:
1191:
1105:
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contract to defend a League of Nations member if it was attacked.
4942:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
3609:
2402:
481:(and became known as the Phillimore Committee) but also included
1328:
846:
General Act for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes
725:
3613:
2406:
2237:
1631:
1337:
1325:
Primary Documents: Covenant of the League of Nations, 1919–24
790:
Mandate territories were sorted into several sub-categories:
2233:
600:
before going to war. The Executive Council would create a
3350:
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
1130:
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository
5508:
Treaties establishing intergovernmental organizations
683:. The primary intent of Article 10 was to preserve a
4900:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
4850:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
3450:
Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century
892:
The League of Nations: Its life and times, 1920–1946
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89:
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63:
55:
45:
37:
4957:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
926:, 20 September 1920, p. 3 (subscription required).
5093:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1054:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
687:by preventing one country from invading another.
426:. It was signed on 28 June 1919 as Part I of the
3336:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
5067:World Federation of United Nations Associations
4562:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
5498:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)
3407:United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill
2206:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1922–1946)
5253:Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
3625:
3397:Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation
2418:
2249:
1643:
1349:
1270:"League of Nations - Fourth period (1936-45)"
1141:
1139:
576:should be inserted, parallel to the existing
395:
8:
5298:Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
4962:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
1147:"League of Nations - Third period (1931–36)"
32:
3085:U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education
2950:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
2216:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
1609:The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors
885:
883:
881:
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871:
5228:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
5055:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4967:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
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623:Cartoon showing Senators Lodge, Borah and
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121:
31:
5393:Treaties of the Portuguese First Republic
3059:United States Grain Standards Act of 1916
2222:Treaties of the Third Republic of Hungary
1100:
1098:
1096:
990:The American Journal of International Law
5223:Treaties of the First Brazilian Republic
4484:Conference on International Organization
3366:Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial
1616:To the Unknown British Soldier in France
618:
602:Permanent Court of International Justice
5493:Treaties of the Principality of Albania
5418:Treaties of the First Austrian Republic
5358:Treaties of Spain under the Restoration
4399:Office international d'hygiène publique
3560:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
2525:Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination
867:
124:
5478:Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
5343:Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
4194:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
3279:1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election
2689:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
2382:Statue of Jan Smuts, Parliament Square
2330:Preamble to the United Nations Charter
1602:A Peace Conference at the Quai d'Orsay
1570:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
1473:Possible cause of the Second World War
446:made proposals adopted by the British
364:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
5383:Treaties of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
5283:Treaties of the French Third Republic
5243:Treaties of the Union of South Africa
5108:UN television film series (1964–1966)
4860:International Narcotics Control Board
4791:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
4579:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
4550:Convention on the Rights of the Child
4528:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3092:United States Railroad Administration
1698:Personal union of Hungary and Croatia
1316:The Covenant of the League of Nations
749:Japanese full-scale invasion of China
7:
4932:United Nations Postal Administration
4567:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
4286:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
2910:Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
2624:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
2143:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Ukraine
1288:http://www.jstor.org/stable/20672433
1179:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25656909
1165:http://www.jstor.org/stable/44288722
604:to make judgements on the disputes.
5398:Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria
5198:Treaties entered into force in 1920
4335:Permanent representatives to the UN
4224:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
3294:1916 Democratic National Convention
3284:1912 Democratic National Convention
3188:Birthplace and Presidential Library
2983:Federal Employees' Compensation Act
2830:Board of Mediation and Conciliation
2070:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1256:Nuffield College, Oxford University
757:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
734:invasion and occupation of Ethiopia
505:. Further suggestions were made by
5513:Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
5448:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
5348:Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
5144:Withdrawal from the United Nations
4330:Security Council Permanent members
3013:Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916
2904:Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act
2184:U.S.–Hungarian Peace Treaty (1921)
1365:Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
416:Covenant of the League of Nations
25:
5129:United Nations in popular culture
4813:Expulsion from the United Nations
4758:General Assembly President (2016)
3069:Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916
3024:National Park Service Organic Act
2922:Glacier National Park Act of 1914
2721:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
2469:President of Princeton University
2324:Covenant of the League of Nations
2189:Covenant of the League of Nations
1381:Covenant of the League of Nations
1309:Covenant of the League of Nations
151:Covenant of the League of Nations
111:Covenant of the League of Nations
33:Covenant of the League of Nations
5488:Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt
5443:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire
5438:Treaties of the Irish Free State
5161:
3594:
3593:
3115:Acadia National Park Act of 1919
2307:
1971:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
1302:
825:
466:, an organization led by former
132:
105:
5468:Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq
5453:Treaties of the Weimar Republic
5303:Treaties of the Empire of Japan
4717:International Court of Justice
4266:Sport for Development and Peace
3299:1916 U.S. presidential election
3289:1912 U.S. presidential election
3215:Summer White House (Harlakenden
2669:Committee on Public Information
2630:Army Appropriations Act of 1916
2559:State of the Union Address 1913
1783:Peace Treaty of Wiener Neustadt
1522:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
1494:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1446:Hague conference on reparations
1236:https://doi.org/10.2307/2190673
1205:https://doi.org/10.2307/2213489
1192:https://doi.org/10.2307/2189554
1106:https://doi.org/10.2307/2601908
319:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
258:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
252:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
213:Hague conference on reparations
4394:Permanent Court of Arbitration
4389:International Peace Conference
3756:International Court of Justice
3210:Princeton University president
3205:Boyhood home in South Carolina
2449:President of the United States
1575:Commission of Responsibilities
1478:International Opium Convention
719:, there was no attempt by the
717:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
369:Commission of Responsibilities
240:International Opium Convention
235:Possible cause of World War II
1:
5388:Treaties of the Qajar dynasty
4927:Sustainable Development Goals
4454:Declaration by United Nations
4379:International Telegraph Union
3498:(daughter, acting first lady)
3442:Backstairs at the White House
3360:Woodrow Wilson Junior College
3120:Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919
2927:Legislative Reference Service
2888:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
2711:Selective Service Act of 1917
2694:Armistice of 11 November 1918
2075:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement
841:Charter of the United Nations
649:northern part of East Prussia
5473:Treaties of the Soviet Union
4855:International Criminal Court
4291:UN organizations by location
3042:Rural Post Roads Act of 1916
2978:Federal Aid Road Act of 1916
2087:League of the Three Emperors
2015:Principality of Transylvania
1704:Hungarian–Byzantine Treaties
1023:Harriman, Edward A. (1925).
783:territory was not a colony.
5313:Treaties of the Netherlands
4989:Security Council veto power
4296:Sexual Violence in Conflict
4219:Economic and Social Affairs
3790:Economic and Social Council
3252:When a Man Comes to Himself
3168:Mineral Leasing Act of 1920
3163:Merchant Marine Act of 1920
3053:Stock-Raising Homestead Act
2737:Wartime Measure Act of 1918
2635:Council of National Defense
2105:Budapest Convention of 1877
1920:Treaty of Adrianople (1568)
1759:Hungarian–Neapolitan Treaty
1753:Hungarian–Lithuanian Treaty
1544:Turkish War of Independence
1527:Conference of London (1920)
1499:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
1401:Little Treaty of Versailles
984:Scott, James Brown (1924).
761:Italian invasion of Albania
341:Turkish War of Independence
324:Conference of London (1920)
276:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
270:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
171:Little Treaty of Versailles
5534:
5268:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
5193:Treaties concluded in 1919
5188:League of Nations treaties
5040:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
4865:International Day of Peace
4347:General Assembly Observers
3670:General Assembly President
2973:Cotton Futures Act of 1916
2968:Brush Disposal Act of 1916
2893:Cotton Futures Act of 1914
2806:Federal racial segregation
2284:The South African Republic
2211:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
2155:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
1915:Truce of Adrianople (1547)
1736:1302–1526 (Middle ages to
810:) being made a Mandate of
677:United States Constitution
532:(Italy), Foreign Minister
27:League of Nations' charter
18:League of Nations Covenant
5503:Treaties of British India
5157:
4584:World Heritage Convention
4472:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
4182:General Assembly Building
3647:
3573:
3331:Woodrow Wilson Foundation
3131:Wheat Price Guarantee Act
3074:Flood Control Act of 1917
2944:Locomotive Inspection Act
2552:Woman Suffrage Procession
2440:
2305:
2160:Armistice of Villa Giusti
2024:
2009:
1976:First Partition of Poland
1910:
1891:
1852:Franco-Hungarian alliance
1677:Legend of the white horse
1539:Turkish National Movement
922:." Salt Lake City, Utah:
890:Northedge, F. S. (1986).
814:, rather than of Britain.
524:(France), Prime Minister
473:. In December 1916, Lord
448:League of Nations Society
336:Turkish National Movement
104:
84:League of Nations members
4890:Military Staff Committee
4229:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
3732:Deputy Secretary-General
3661:Deputy Secretary-General
3486:(wife, 1885–1914, death)
3246:Congressional Government
3156:Federal Power Commission
2915:Federal Trade Commission
2748:Racial Equality Proposal
2726:National War Labor Board
1818:First Congress of Vienna
1290:. Accessed 28 July 2024.
1238:. Accessed 28 July 2024.
1207:. Accessed 28 July 2024.
1194:. Accessed 28 July 2024.
1181:. Accessed 28 July 2024.
1167:. Accessed 28 July 2024.
1108:. Accessed 28 July 2024.
772:against the Soviet Union
651:from Nazi Germany after
558:Milenko Radomar Vesnitch
5368:Treaties of Switzerland
5278:Treaties of El Salvador
5061:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
5023:UN International School
5018:UN Federal Credit Union
4999:Security Council reform
4835:Four Nations Initiative
4763:Security Council (2016)
4606:Security Council vetoes
3737:Under-Secretary-General
3565:Woodrow Wilson and race
3386:Woodrow Wilson Monument
3200:Boyhood home in Georgia
3105:War Revenue Act of 1917
3000:Federal Farm Loan Board
2933:Smith–Lever Act of 1914
2855:Rivers and Harbors Acts
2716:Immigration Act of 1918
2706:Immigration Act of 1917
2642:Philippine Autonomy Act
2149:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2132:Treaty of London (1913)
2111:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
1925:Treaty of Vienna (1606)
1870:Confessio Pentapolitana
1666:9–10th century (age of
967:23 October 2008 at the
671:from Massachusetts and
464:League to Enforce Peace
5413:Treaties of Luxembourg
5403:Treaties of Costa Rica
5011:Security Council mural
4977:Millennium Declaration
4922:SDG Publishers Compact
4384:Universal Postal Union
3193:papers and manuscripts
2938:War Risk Insurance Act
2742:Paris Peace Conference
2537:1919 Nobel Peace Prize
2520:Supreme Court nominees
2460:Governor of New Jersey
2172:Armistice with Romania
2121:Triple Alliance (1882)
1988:Treaty of Campo Formio
1222:The Century Foundation
924:The Salt Lake Telegram
628:
514:Paris Peace Conference
126:Paris Peace Conference
50:Paris Peace Conference
5433:Treaties of Lithuania
5378:Treaties of Venezuela
5318:Treaties of Nicaragua
5233:Treaties of Australia
5208:Treaties of Argentina
5149:Women in peacekeeping
4808:Drug control treaties
3579:← William Howard Taft
3520:Joseph Ruggles Wilson
3508:Eleanor Wilson McAdoo
3392:Woodrow Wilson Bridge
3326:Woodrow Wilson Awards
3064:Warehouse Act of 1916
3030:National Park Service
2989:Federal Farm Loan Act
2956:Occupancy Permits Act
2701:Espionage Act of 1917
2612:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty
2515:Judicial appointments
2332:(initiated, co-wrote)
1953:Treaty of Passarowitz
1795:Treaty of Brno (1478)
1436:Reparation Commission
738:Italy under Mussolini
704:each other. Amid the
637:territorial integrity
622:
5353:Treaties of Thailand
5333:Treaties of Paraguay
5293:Treaties of Honduras
5258:Treaties of Colombia
5103:United Nations Radio
5098:United Nations Medal
5050:University for Peace
4781:Bretton Woods system
4516:governed territories
4261:Developing Countries
4172:Secretariat Building
4041:Specialized agencies
3490:Edith Bolling Wilson
3342:The Wilson Quarterly
3225:Woodrow Wilson House
3143:Railroad Labor Board
2761:Treaty of Versailles
2732:Sedition Act of 1918
2348:Holism and Evolution
2178:Bill of dethronement
2137:Armistice of Focșani
2116:Dual Alliance (1879)
2099:Reichstadt Agreement
1994:Treaty of Schönbrunn
1930:Peace of Zsitvatorok
1585:List of participants
1418:Treaty of Versailles
1087:United States Senate
896:Leicester University
660:United States Senate
507:Jan Christiaan Smuts
428:Treaty of Versailles
191:Treaty of Versailles
5483:Treaties of Ecuador
5423:Treaties of Estonia
5408:Treaties of Finland
5373:Treaties of Uruguay
5308:Treaties of Liberia
5273:Treaties of Denmark
5218:Treaties of Bolivia
5213:Treaties of Belgium
4875:International Years
4840:Genocide Convention
4276:Outer Space Affairs
4271:Disarmament Affairs
4236:Safety and Security
4177:Conference Building
4157:Secretariat offices
3802:Trusteeship Council
3586:Warren G. Harding →
3534:(cousin, secretary)
3532:Helen Woodrow Bones
3502:Jessie Wilson Sayre
3434:Profiles in Courage
3402:U.S. Postage stamps
3110:Revenue Act of 1918
3037:Revenue Act of 1916
2843:Revenue Act of 1913
2811:Federal Reserve Act
2618:Occupation of Haiti
2294:A British Transvaal
2035:Treaty of Pressburg
2029:Peace of Nikolsburg
1947:Treaty of Karlowitz
1858:Treaty of Nagyvárad
1812:Treaty of Pressburg
1726:Treaty of Pressburg
1659:Treaties of Hungary
1532:San Remo conference
1487:Subsequent treaties
1456:Lausanne Conference
1320:Yale Avalon Project
743:By this point, the
562:David Hunter Miller
471:William Howard Taft
460:Century Association
442:. The London-based
329:San Remo conference
223:Lausanne Conference
34:
5463:Treaties of Turkey
5458:Treaties of Mexico
5428:Treaties of Latvia
5363:Treaties of Sweden
5328:Treaties of Panama
5323:Treaties of Norway
5238:Treaties of Canada
4895:Official languages
4442:London Declaration
4251:Internal Oversight
4241:Palestinian Rights
3813:Funds, programmes,
3484:Ellen Axson Wilson
3453:(2002 documentary)
2995:Farm Credit System
2898:Cutter Service Act
2848:Federal income tax
2824:Newlands Labor Act
2199:Modern age (1922–)
2041:Treaty of Nymwegen
2000:Congress of Vienna
1965:Treaty of Belgrade
1959:Pragmatic Sanction
1942:Holy League (1684)
1833:Ottoman vassalship
1800:Treaty of Piotrków
1549:Treaty of Lausanne
1426:"War guilt" clause
1031:. pp. 144–5.
681:advice and consent
673:Frank B. Brandegee
629:
578:religious equality
554:Jayme Batalha Reis
522:Ferdinand Larnaude
509:in December 1918.
456:William B. Howland
346:Treaty of Lausanne
198:"War Guilt" clause
5288:Treaties of Haiti
5248:Treaties of Chile
5203:League of Nations
5175:
5174:
5006:UN Art Collection
4982:Millennium Summit
4937:UN Block By Block
4917:Ralph Bunche Park
4885:UN laissez-passer
4845:UN Global Compact
4802:Delivering as One
4701:Secretary-General
4592:
4591:
4572:Indigenous Caucus
4466:Tehran Conference
4460:Moscow Conference
4435:Preparatory years
4404:League of Nations
4304:
4303:
4204:Palace of Nations
3906:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
3722:Secretary-General
3665:Amina J. Mohammed
3652:Secretary-General
3607:
3606:
3514:Francis Sayre Jr.
3492:(wife, 1915–1924)
3445:(1979 miniseries)
3176:
3175:
3150:Federal Power Act
2787:Wilsonian Armenia
2774:League of Nations
2505:1917 inauguration
2500:1913 inauguration
2400:
2399:
2231:
2230:
2166:Treaty of Trianon
2050:
2049:
1982:Treaty of Sistova
1882:Treaty of Szatmár
1771:Treaty of Lubowla
1715:Concordat of 1169
1710:Concordat of 1161
1625:
1624:
1504:Treaty of Trianon
1396:Minority Treaties
1373:League of Nations
1329:FirstWorldWar.com
1307:Works related to
944:, 3 February 1919
804:South West Africa
692:War Powers Clause
669:Henry Cabot Lodge
530:Vittorio Scialoja
493:. U.S. President
479:Walter Phillimore
424:League of Nations
412:
411:
294:Treaty of Trianon
288:Treaty of Trianon
166:Minority Treaties
144:League of Nations
120:
119:
94:League of Nations
16:(Redirected from
5525:
5338:Treaties of Peru
5263:Treaties of Cuba
5168:World portal
5166:
5165:
5072:Biopiracy treaty
4658:Nagorno-Karabakh
4628:Security Council
4611:General Assembly
4538:Human Rights Day
4478:Yalta Conference
4448:Atlantic Charter
4369:
4325:Founding members
4246:Peace Operations
4130:World Bank Group
3824:Culture of Peace
3815:and other bodies
3768:Security Council
3744:General Assembly
3710:Principal organs
3689:
3656:António Guterres
3634:
3627:
3620:
3611:
3597:
3596:
3137:Esch–Cummins Act
3079:Smith–Hughes Act
3018:Keating–Owen Act
2595:
2547:Silent Sentinels
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2392:Jan Smuts Avenue
2311:
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1889:
1876:Treaty of Speyer
1806:Peace of Olomouc
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1514:Treaty of Sèvres
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706:Great Depression
685:balance of power
665:
598:judicial inquiry
588:members, and to
556:(Portugal), and
526:Vittorio Orlando
404:
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312:Treaty of Sèvres
299:Millerand letter
230:Locarno Treaties
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4678:Western Sahara
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4189:Envoy on Youth
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2510:Roosevelt desk
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2093:Treaty of Bern
2090:
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4256:Legal Affairs
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3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3600:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:(grandfather)
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:(1965 series)
3436:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3380:Wilson Square
3378:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3098:USRA standard
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:Pueblo speech
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2300:
2299:The Old Boers
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1902:
1898:
1897:Royal Hungary
1894:
1893:
1890:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:Oath of Bereg
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:Árpád dynasty
1685:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1038:1-5847-7314-6
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
977:
974:
970:
966:
963:
958:
955:
940:
939:
932:
929:
925:
921:
915:
912:
907:
905:0-7185-1194-8
901:
897:
893:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
868:
861:
857:
856:Treaty series
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
834:
828:
823:
818:
813:
809:
805:
800:
796:
793:
792:
791:
788:
784:
777:
775:
773:
768:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
730:
727:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
698:
696:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:secessionists
638:
634:
626:
625:Hiram Johnson
621:
614:
612:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
581:
579:
575:
571:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:Chinda Sutemi
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
499:Colonel House
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:Hamilton Holt
449:
445:
441:
433:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
405:
400:
398:
393:
391:
386:
385:
383:
382:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
355:
354:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
285:
284:
277:
274:
273:
267:
266:
259:
256:
255:
249:
248:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
192:
187:
186:
179:
176:
172:
169:
168:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
145:
140:
139:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
116:
112:
103:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:18 April 1946
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
19:
5159:
5121:
5113:
5059:
4905:Peacekeeping
4880:Interpreters
4800:
4501:Peacekeeping
4419:organization
4413:
4320:Full members
4281:Partnerships
4167:Headquarters
3889:peacekeeping
3584:
3577:
3540:(son-in-law)
3526:James Wilson
3464:
3457:
3448:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3371:
3364:
3355:High schools
3340:
3321:Bibliography
3258:
3251:
3245:
3220:Shadow Lawn)
2779:
2607:Wilsonianism
2346:
2323:
2289:The Boer War
2188:
1901:Independence
1738:Tripartition
1614:
1607:
1600:
1468:Stresa Front
1391:Organisation
1380:
1301:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1243:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1172:
1159:
1150:
1129:
1086:
1074:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1027:. New York:
1024:
1018:
993:
989:
979:
957:
946:, retrieved
937:
931:
923:
914:
891:
851:Peace treaty
812:South Africa
789:
785:
781:
769:
765:
742:
731:
721:great powers
714:
702:
689:
657:
653:World War II
630:
606:
586:
582:
566:
511:
503:Mary Shapard
475:Robert Cecil
437:
415:
413:
161:Organisation
150:
75:31 July 1947
41:28 June 1919
29:
5134:UNICEF club
4828:Honour Flag
4663:North Korea
4598:Resolutions
4545:Enlargement
3717:Secretariat
3461:(2013 book)
3429:(1944 film)
2962:Adamson Act
2798:New Freedom
2746:1919–1920;
2684:The Inquiry
2652:1917–1918;
2648:World War I
2626:(1916–1924)
2620:(1915–1934)
2471:(1902–1910)
2462:(1911–1913)
2451:(1913–1921)
2387:Mount Smuts
2351:(1926 book)
2063:(1848–1922)
2061:World War I
1845:(1526–1848)
1706:(1153–1167)
1687:1000–1301 (
1580:The Inquiry
1431:Reparations
973:Walter Dorn
745:Axis powers
732:During the
715:During the
710:appeasement
594:arbitration
544:(Belgium),
542:Paul Hymans
491:Cecil Hurst
444:Bryce Group
440:World War I
374:The Inquiry
203:Reparations
5182:Categories
5122:Ex Tempore
5114:UN Special
5035:UN Mandate
4494:Activities
4100:UN Tourism
3923:UN-HABITAT
3901:OzonAction
3726:selections
3516:(grandson)
3510:(daughter)
3504:(daughter)
3125:Red Summer
2882:Sabath Act
2664:home front
2495:Transition
2481:Presidency
2326:(co-wrote)
2279:Early life
1838:reconquest
1829:Dual reign
1451:Young Plan
1441:Dawes Plan
1274:Britannica
1151:Britannica
862:References
778:Article 22
759:, and the
699:Article 16
645:annexation
633:aggression
615:Article 10
609:UN Charter
548:(Brazil),
483:Eyre Crowe
218:Young Plan
208:Dawes Plan
115:Wikisource
90:Depositary
64:Expiration
5518:Jan Smuts
4994:UN reform
4796:Criticism
4694:Elections
4668:Palestine
4555:committee
3963:UN-Oceans
3911:UNEP-WCMC
3795:President
3783:President
3773:Elections
3749:President
3684:UN System
3312:memorials
3271:Elections
3230:Gravesite
3047:Smith Act
2837:Raker Act
2659:campaigns
2265:Jan Smuts
2218:(1949–89)
1594:Paintings
1318:from the
1010:0002-9300
948:5 January
753:Anschluss
552:(China),
540:(Japan),
100:Full text
56:Effective
5139:Model UN
5124:magazine
5116:magazine
5045:UN Sacco
4533:drafting
4511:timeline
4506:missions
4409:archives
4025:UN Women
4013:UNU-CRIS
3864:UNCITRAL
3701:Preamble
3599:Category
3522:(father)
3388:(Prague)
3382:(Warsaw)
3007:Flag Day
2767:Big Four
2486:timeline
2359:Concepts
1565:Big Four
1408:Mandates
965:Archived
819:See also
570:Congress
434:Creation
418:was the
178:Mandates
46:Location
5088:Outline
4773:Related
4653:Lebanon
4424:members
4414:charter
4364:History
4310:Members
4209:Nairobi
3844:MINURSO
3778:Members
3761:Statute
3693:Charter
3548:Related
3418:culture
3416:Popular
2780:charter
2532:Cabinet
2375:Related
2224:(1989–)
1668:Magyars
1463:Locarno
1386:Members
898:Press.
808:Namibia
647:of the
512:At the
458:at the
422:of the
420:charter
156:Members
80:Parties
4972:UN Day
4910:Canada
4786:CCISUA
4648:Israel
4633:Cyprus
4486:(1945)
4480:(1945)
4474:(1944)
4468:(1943)
4462:(1943)
4456:(1942)
4450:(1941)
4444:(1941)
4214:Vienna
4199:Geneva
4090:UNESCO
4008:UNU-OP
3983:UNRISD
3978:UNOSAT
3958:UNITAR
3953:UNIDIR
3948:UNICRI
3943:UNICEF
3859:UNCTAD
3849:UNAIDS
3477:Family
3458:Wilson
3426:Wilson
3308:Legacy
3261:(1913)
3254:(1901)
3248:(1900)
3154:1920;
3141:1920;
3133:(1919)
3127:(1919)
3096:1917;
3083:1917;
3055:(1916)
3049:(1916)
3028:1916;
3020:(1916)
3009:(1916)
2993:1916;
2985:(1916)
2964:(1916)
2958:(1915)
2952:(1915)
2946:(1915)
2940:(1914)
2929:(1914)
2906:(1914)
2900:(1914)
2884:(1913)
2839:(1913)
2828:1913;
2815:1913;
2789:(1920)
2778:1920;
2765:1919;
2757:(1919)
2728:(1918)
2644:(1916)
2614:(1914)
2366:Holism
2191:(1922)
2180:(1921)
2174:(1920)
2168:(1920)
2162:(1918)
2151:(1918)
2145:(1918)
2139:(1917)
2128:(1901)
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1996:(1809)
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1700:(1102)
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1008:
902:
755:, the
751:, the
726:vetoed
590:disarm
489:, and
358:Others
72:Expiry
38:Signed
5081:Other
5028:Hanoi
4818:FICSA
4683:Yemen
4673:Syria
4521:UNPOL
4095:UNIDO
3998:UNSSC
3993:UNSDG
3988:UNRWA
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3918:UNFPA
3884:UNDPO
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3239:Books
2654:entry
2467:13th
2340:Books
2317:Other
1679:(894)
1558:Other
1327:from
1252:(PDF)
1083:(PDF)
1062:JSTOR
942:(PDF)
806:(now
664:49–35
4823:Flag
4751:2011
4746:2014
4741:2017
4736:2020
4731:2021
4726:2022
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4711:2016
4706:2021
4643:Iraq
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3854:SCSL
3839:IAEA
3834:IPCC
3181:Life
2875:1916
2870:1915
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2589:1920
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2457:34th
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2272:Life
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900:ISBN
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536:and
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454:and
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998:doi
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