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in East Beirut. At the latter battle, the LYM/MKG intensified the blockade of the refugee camp by launching on 22 June a full-scale military assault that lasted for 35 days, and the cruelty displayed by LYM/MKG members' in this assault and other atrocities, earned them the unflattering nickname "The
402:
However, they also became infamous for their brutality. In
January–August 1976, a force of 100 LYM/MKG militiamen took part in the sieges and subsequent massacres of the
848:
878:
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structure in 1977, thereafter ceasing to exist as an independent organization. Under LF command, they later again played a key role in the eviction of the
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51:
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435:) – Bash Maroun's men were normally seen wearing necklaces made from human body parts cut from their victims.
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313:. It consisted of about 500-1,000 fighters, backed by a small mechanized force made of ex-
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The
Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers, and American Bunglers
862:
669:
513:
411:
368:
336:
282:
814:
849:
Chamussy (René) – Chronique d’une guerre: Le Liban 1975-1977 – éd. Desclée – 1978
744:, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997.
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452:
448:
371:
317:
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65:
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61:
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110:
428:
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374:. Personally commanded by Bash Maroun, they usually operated in the
196:
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Véhicules
Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981
597:
The
Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics
546:
The
Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics
838:
709:
La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional
167:
226:
The LYM was founded in the early 1970s as an association of
339:(Spanish-produced version of the Land-Rover series III),
826:
305:
with training, funds and weapons being provided by the
839:
Histoire militaire de l'armée libanaise de 1975 à 1990
627:, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993.
742:
Faces of
Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions
646:, Just World Books, Charlottesville, Virginia 2012.
680:, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001).
178:
125:
79:
71:
57:
43:
33:
25:
18:
281:, the group's ideology stemmed from the extremist
253:"Bash Maroun"), the son of the former head of the
815:http://www.ouwet.com/n10452/news/bash-maroun-rip/
576:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990
390:, but also fought in other areas (namely at the
443:The LYM/MKG was subsequently absorbed into the
394:), earning a reputation of fierce combatants.
233:university students, who strongly opposed the
386:districts, manning the local sections of the
8:
611:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
697:, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1980.
658:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
357:Chevrolet C-10/C-15 Cheyenne light pickups
15:
494:List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
780:30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon
711:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994.
660:, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990.
331:'. The latter consisted of commandeered
524:
216:1975-77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War
827:Guardians of the Cedars official site
7:
599:, Cambridge University Press, 1984.
766:Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks
301:in January 1976 and raised its own
879:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
451:out from the Christian-controlled
14:
796:, Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012.
239:Palestine Liberation Organization
161:Palestine Liberation Organization
768:, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008.
406:situated at the coastal town of
293:The LYM in the 1975-77 civil war
166:
154:
142:
130:
109:
100:
89:
678:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
578:, Éditions Fayard, Paris 2005.
349:Dodge D series (3rd generation)
201:Harakat al-Shabab al-Lubnaniyya
730:, Taylor & Francis, 1979.
625:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
19:Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)
1:
782:, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003.
728:Palestine in the Arab dilemma
559:Palestine in the Arab dilemma
533:Palestine in the Arab dilemma
193:Lebanese Youth Movement – LYM
613:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
455:in February 1978 during the
241:(PLO) guerrilla factions in
214:militia which fought in the
427:Ghosts of the Cemeteries" (
285:identities espoused by the
895:
199:: حركة الشباب اللبنانية |
137:Lebanese National Movement
869:Israeli–Lebanese conflict
353:GMC Sierra Custom K25/K30
341:Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
205:Maroun Khoury Group (MKG)
509:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
333:Land-Rover series II-III
474:Guardians of the Cedars
297:The LYM/MKG joined the
287:Guardians of the Cedars
119:Tyous Team of Commandos
84:Guardians of the Cedars
695:The Lebanese Civil War
499:Tel al-Zaatar Massacre
345:Dodge W200 Power Wagon
203:), also known as the
21:حركة الشباب اللبنانية
392:Battle of the Hotels
237:and the presence of
235:1969 Cairo Agreement
96:Army of Free Lebanon
764:Moustafa El-Assad,
740:William W. Harris,
431:: أشباح المقابر | '
404:Palestinian refugee
832:2009-02-10 at the
820:2008-10-15 at the
642:Jonathan Randall,
609:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
504:Karantina Massacre
489:Lebanese Civil War
361:heavy machine guns
337:Santana Series III
183:Lebanese Civil War
149:Lebanese Arab Army
75:500-1,000 fighters
35:Dates of operation
802:978-9953-0-2372-4
758:Secondary sources
652:978-1-935982-16-6
633:978-2-13-045801-2
584:978-2-213-61521-9
457:Hundred Days' War
433:Ashbah al-Maqabir
365:recoilless rifles
269:Political beliefs
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273:Being violently
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595:Helena Cobban,
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750:978-1558761155
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561:(1979), p. 54.
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307:Tigers Militia
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263:Naim el-Khoury
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58:Headquarters
674:Robert Fisk
453:East Beirut
449:Syrian Army
398:Controversy
372:autocannons
359:armed with
279:Palestinian
259:East Beirut
185:(1975-1990)
173:Syrian Army
66:East Beirut
863:Categories
736:0856648647
605:0521272165
568:References
420:Al-Maslakh
388:Green Line
384:Mansouriye
329:technicals
325:gun trucks
283:Phoenicist
231:right-wing
39:Until 1977
557:Kazziha,
531:Kazziha,
469:Al-Tanzim
416:Karantina
414:, and at
277:and anti-
212:far-right
209:Christian
126:Opponents
106:Al-Tanzim
830:Archived
818:Archived
544:Cobban,
463:See also
255:Dekwaneh
228:Maronite
207:, was a
62:Dekwaneh
44:Group(s)
410:in the
309:led by
303:militia
243:Lebanon
222:Origins
26:Leaders
853:French
843:French
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721:French
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588:French
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429:Arabic
408:Dbayeh
197:Arabic
80:Allies
520:Notes
245:, by
163:(PLO)
151:(LAA)
139:(LNM)
121:(TTC)
98:(AFL)
86:(GoC)
851:(in
841:(in
798:ISBN
784:ISBN
770:ISBN
746:ISBN
732:ISBN
719:(in
713:ISBN
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682:ISBN
662:ISBN
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635:(in
629:ISBN
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590:) –
586:(in
580:ISBN
422:and
382:and
367:and
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327:or '
323:and
191:The
72:Size
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