420:), the president's post carries significant responsibilities and influence. In practice, the president is largely a ceremonial and symbolic post due to external pressure or the formation of "consensus" cabinets, forcing the president to compromise. In theory, however, the president is responsible for appointing the entire government, therefore the ministers should work to his pleasure. Nevertheless, the president is still able to exercise influence on policy-making and has the role, in conjunction with the prime minister, of choosing ministers in the Government and safeguarding the
2203:
535:, he was appointed Minister of Justice, then president of the National Assembly, and finally first President of the Republic of Lebanon he was elected president in 1926, then re-elected in 1929 by 42 votes out of 44, he was kept at his post until January 1934 by the French mandate. Under his presidency, the disarmament of Greater Lebanon was decided, and he instituted the compulsory baccalaureate for the exercise of liberal professions. He was also Minister of Justice and President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1934.
638:
592:
1451:
1363:
1590:
59:
43:
1071:
849:
755:
1883:
496:
2039:
1962:
2129:
1146:
1865:
1808:
1012:
354:
1751:
803:
1290:
1212:
1675:
2168:(1998–2008). Lebanese political spectrum was deeply polarized, with virtually all parties being divided either in the government loyalists or the opposition which paved way for the non-partisan Michel Suleiman to be elected by parliament. Suleiman launched the table of national dialogue at the Presidential Palace in Baabda on 16 September 2008, in pursuance of the
1522:
904:
701:
1786:
Gemayel decided to appoint
Maronite army commander Michel Aoun to the office, not withstanding the tradition of reserving it for a Sunni Muslim. Hoss refused to concede the prime minister's post to Aoun, so the two ended up heading rival administrations; with Aoun occupying the presidential palace at
1412:
wanted
Lebanon to join the Arab war effort, while many Christians wished to eschew participation. Helou managed to keep Lebanon from entanglement, apart from a brief air strike, but found it impossible to put the lid on the tensions that had been raised. Parliamentary elections in 1968 revealed an
2248:
in May 2014 until
October 31, 2016, the parliament was unable to obtain the majority required to elect a president, and the office was vacant for almost two and a half years, despite more than 30 votes being held. On October 31, 2016, the parliament finally elected
1253:, with considerable support in Lebanon's Muslim community attempted to overthrow Chamoun's government in June 1958 after Chamoun tried to seek another term as president against the constitution. Numerous clashes erupted resulting in
1563:
and other countries began interfering and complicating the situation. On 5 March 1980, Sarkis developed his policy as part of his attempts to create national accord: unity, independence, parliamentarian democracy, rejecting the
1720:
in the north and east, Israel in the south), and private armies independent of government control occupying most of the rest, Gemayel's government lacked any power. He re-organized the
Lebanese Army, receiving support from the
1849:
appointed Aoun as Prime
Minister, heading a military government formed by six members of the Martial Court, three of which are Christian and three Muslim. He also dismissed the civilian administration of acting Prime Minister
888:
for much of the 1920s and 1930s, either elected or appointed by the French authorities. He was a member of the parliamentary committee that worked on the French-Lebanese Treaty of 1936. The French supported him as the
1918:
Moawad served as the
Minister of Posts and Telecommunications (1961–1964), Minister of Public Works (1969) and Minister of National Education and Fine Arts (1980–1982). His presidency was disputed by military general
2441:
1049:
The High
Commissioner installed Eddé as president. Ten days later, however, under pressure from France's other Allies in World War II, the French removed Eddé from office and restored the government of
2787:
1249:
Served as
Minister of the Interior, Post and Telegraph, 1943–1944, Minister of the Interior, Health and Public Aid, 1947–1948. Near the end of his term, Pan-Arabists and other groups backed by
1559:
It was hoped that Sarkis would be able to unite the warring factions and end the emerging civil war; by
September 1976, however, the situation had grown past the government's control as
2496:
1337:. Chehab was appointed acting president with the duty to ensure an emergency democratic presidential election. Following a path of moderation and co-operating closely with the various
2528:
2074:
Lahoud ran for the presidency in 1998 after having the constitution amended to allow the army commander-in-chief to run for office. This amendment is believed to have been backed by
1341:, and with both secular and religious forces, Chehab was able to cool tensions and bring stability back to the nation. His ideology inspired the presidencies of 2 other presidents.
3645:
296:
941:
Served as prime minister from 1927 until 1928 and again in 1929 prior to his election as president on 21 September 1943. He was a strong nationalist who opposed the
3106:
2835:
2025:
3101:
1939:
3417:
3096:
2353:
2339:
1854:. The Muslims refused to serve, and submitted their resignations on the next day. He controlled his own military faction which was heavily based in East Beirut.
1737:
890:
676:
392:
170:
3127:
3121:
2734:
2291:
1641:
were prohibited from wearing their uniforms and also from carrying their weapons in the streets. He notably has close relations with Israel, which lead to his
242:
237:
1997:
Hrawi served as minister of public works and was a member of the independent
Maronite Catholic bloc in the Parliament. Hrawi was elected at the Park Hotel in
2433:
2765:
1500:
elected Frangieh to the Presidency of the Republic on 23 September 1970. He oversaw the beginning of the Lebanese Civil War in the fifth year of his tenure.
3091:
1661:
2795:
2333:
1729:
with Israel in 1983, which stipulated the withdrawal of the Israeli forces and ending the state of war between the two countries, but didn't ratify it.
3171:
2336:
2240:
Aoun was the commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces (1984–1989), held a disputed military presidency and premiership (1988–1990) and leader of the
3650:
2473:
2098:
and ordered security forces to launch a massive arrest sweep against nationalist dissidents without informing Hariri and other cabinet ministers.
334:
1716:
after being elected president. Once elected, he refused to meet any Israeli official. With foreign armies occupying two-thirds of the country (
1330:
1192:
316:
312:
2503:
3640:
3272:
3245:
2566:
2536:
2090:
and Lahoud. During his term, he exerted more control over government decision-making than Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri or Parliament Speaker
3402:
276:
2389:"L'Armée d'Afrique : organe de liaison entre les officiers de réserve de l'Algérie, Tunisie et Maroc et leurs camarades de l'active"
3309:
3116:
3111:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
2828:
2420:
2180:
2106:
1576:
1508:
1437:
1349:
1276:
1132:
1128:
689:
232:
2348:
124:
3453:
385:
2666:
2325:
3210:
2329:
1334:
1267:
1196:
1177:
2704:
2596:
2368:
1839:
1646:
1642:
137:
3635:
2821:
2396:
2335:
2316:
1722:
266:
261:
256:
2327:
2332:
2013:
reforms. He saw the end of the Lebanese Civil War. He signed the treaty of fraternity, co-ordination and co-operation with
3466:
2323:
1243:
1102:
935:
3046:
3041:
2324:
2317:
3375:
3164:
437:
378:
365:
289:
2337:
2326:
2322:
3304:
3250:
2334:
2319:
2276:
1923:. Seventeen days after being elected, as he was returning from Lebanon's Independence Day celebrations, a 250 kg
142:
2726:
3554:
3215:
3200:
2328:
1199:. Chehab was then appointed acting president with the duty to ensure an emergency democratic presidential election.
3412:
2757:
2363:
2320:
2318:
1326:
1188:
942:
680:
205:
120:
3240:
2890:
2331:
1869:
706:
324:
2321:
2094:. In August 2001, he modified the limits on the executive authority of the presidency stipulated in the 1989
3529:
3507:
3481:
3380:
3365:
3319:
3157:
2874:
2330:
2254:
2241:
2234:
2006:
1417:, one pro-Arab Nationalism, led by Rashid Karami and the other pro-Western, led jointly by former President
1055:
1043:
669:
637:
551:
421:
195:
87:
82:
75:
3443:
3390:
3294:
2202:
2158:
2068:
1991:
1912:
1780:
1319:
878:
832:
730:
621:
591:
575:
525:
339:
3569:
3397:
3370:
2169:
2165:
1497:
1450:
885:
164:
1362:
3544:
3534:
3476:
3407:
3314:
3282:
2844:
2358:
627:
He was also speaker of the Representative Council of Greater Lebanon 10 years prior to taking office.
406:
218:
200:
105:
2655:"Special Tribunal for Lebanon: A Tribunal of an International Character Devoid of International Law"
792:
Served as the prime minister of Lebanon (1941) and later as foreign minister of Lebanon (1953–1955).
3559:
3385:
3353:
3339:
2880:
2558:
2463:
1338:
1254:
157:
98:
33:
432:
Though it is not specifically stated in the constitution, an unwritten understanding known as the
3600:
3593:
3495:
3471:
3431:
3262:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3192:
3184:
2635:
2280:
1634:
1565:
1493:
1250:
302:
3512:
2963:
2937:
2927:
2468:
1456:
1184:
1076:
1051:
909:
329:
1183:
Chehab refused to allow the army to interfere in the uprising that forced Lebanese President
3609:
3574:
3564:
3549:
3517:
3334:
3267:
2627:
2017:, in which Lebanon promised not to allow its territory to be used against Syria's interests.
1726:
1404:
in 1947 minister of justice and health (1954–1955) and as minister of education (1964). The
597:
2932:
2885:
2618:
Bosco, Robert M. (2009). "The Assassination of Rafik Hariri: Foreign Policy Perspectives".
1117:
1017:
741:
643:
3539:
3448:
3257:
3020:
2948:
2896:
2859:
2261:
2245:
2134:
1650:
1638:
1589:
1489:
1482:
1418:
1217:
1070:
760:
754:
532:
3015:
2968:
2095:
2044:
2002:
1527:
1426:
1882:
495:
42:
3614:
3458:
3235:
2999:
2974:
2869:
2654:
2038:
2010:
1961:
1888:
1595:
1422:
501:
358:
2128:
3629:
3522:
3324:
2980:
2958:
2639:
2588:
2257:
2083:
1846:
1680:
1368:
1113:
950:
433:
2692:
1145:
848:
3329:
3299:
2264:
2087:
1713:
1706:
1627:
1401:
1295:
1151:
786:
130:
2497:"Fragmented loyalties. Nation and Democracy in Lebanon after the Cedar Revolution"
2388:
2271:, which requires Geagea, who had withdrawn from the presidential race, to endorse
1807:
1011:
17:
3025:
3010:
2986:
2953:
2942:
2901:
2272:
2250:
2208:
2091:
1967:
1920:
1813:
1792:
1750:
1405:
1109:
946:
808:
174:
63:
58:
2813:
903:
802:
3004:
2993:
2907:
2172:'s articles, and in view of consolidating National Reconciliation and Entente.
1851:
1756:
1289:
1211:
854:
2631:
3205:
2079:
2001:
by 47 out of 53 members of two days after the murder of Lebanon's President
1553:
1414:
1394:
1674:
893:
from November 1934 to October 1935 and from October 1937 to September 1939.
1521:
1492:. In the closest and possibly most controversial presidential election in
1924:
3180:
2917:
1998:
1864:
1409:
737:
410:
2691:
Gambill, Gary C.; Ziad K. Abdelnour; Bassam Endrawos (November 2011).
2078:. When he became Lebanon's president in 1998, he aligned himself with
700:
2268:
2253:
as president after an agreement was signed between the leader of the
1928:
1788:
2758:"Polarized Lebanon Left Without President as Sleiman's Term Expires"
3149:
2075:
2014:
1717:
1560:
740:
for 5 days for the interim period in transfer of presidency from
736:
Arlabosse was a French politician who became acting President of
436:, agreed in 1943, has resulted in the holder of the post being a
838:
Acting. Served as Prime Minister of Lebanon for the same period.
449:
State of Greater Lebanon, part of the French Mandate (1926–1943)
3153:
2817:
2315:
884:
Trad was elected deputy from Beirut in 1925 serving in the
2005:. As President, Hrawi signed into law amendments to the
1429:, both made major gains and won 30 of the 99 seats each.
1329:
in September 1952, and held the additional portfolio of
1191:
in September 1952, and hold the additional portfolio of
1725:
and despite fierce internal opposition, he reached the
1645:
in an explosion that killed more than thirty people by
1413:
increasing polarization in the country, with two major
1408:
of 1967, strained sectarian relations in Lebanon. Many
953:
for eleven days along with other prominent politicians.
2421:
Republic of Lebanon – House of Representatives History
1791:, Hoss established his own office in Muslim-dominated
1653:. He was assassinated before officially taking office.
3494:
3430:
3352:
3281:
3191:
3034:
2916:
2858:
2529:"Former President Hrawi loses fight against cancer"
2279:, years after a long rivalry that goes back to the
1949:
Vacant from 22 November 1989 until 24 November 1989
1927:was detonated next to Moawad's motorcade in West
2727:"Lebanon President Steps Down without Successor"
2502:. University of Southern Denmark. Archived from
1108:He was released 11 days after being arrested by
2559:"Elias Hrawi, 80, Ex-Chief of Lebanon, is Dead"
2244:. From the expiration of the term of President
2116:Vacant from 24 November 2007 until 25 May 2008
945:, and on 11 November 1943, he was arrested by
581:He was a member of the French High Commission.
3165:
2829:
2354:List of speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon
2190:Vacant from 25 May 2014 until 31 October 2016
1637:. Soon after his election, fighters from the
386:
8:
3646:Lists of political office-holders in Lebanon
2788:"Maarab agreement has not collapsed: Geagea"
2212:
2138:
2082:, and picked his own man as prime minister,
2048:
1971:
1892:
1817:
1760:
1684:
1599:
1531:
1460:
1372:
1299:
1221:
1155:
1080:
1021:
913:
858:
812:
764:
710:
647:
601:
555:
505:
413:since the creation of the office in 1926.
3500:
3436:
3358:
3287:
3172:
3158:
3150:
2836:
2822:
2814:
2086:. This led to heightened tensions between
440:in every electoral cycle since that time.
393:
379:
28:
2686:
2684:
297:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants
2659:Santa Clara Journal of International Law
964:
452:
2380:
53:
31:
2620:International Political Science Review
683:from 11 October 1929 to 25 March 1930.
3273:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
3246:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
2565:. Agence France-Presse. 8 July 2006.
2476:from the original on 15 November 2022
2444:from the original on 15 November 2022
2157:
2067:
1990:
1911:
1318:
983:
524:
471:
7:
2737:from the original on 4 November 2022
2399:from the original on 8 November 2021
891:Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon
2693:"Emile Lahoud President of Lebanon"
2669:from the original on 4 January 2014
2599:from the original on 3 January 2014
2213:
2139:
2049:
1972:
1893:
1818:
1761:
1685:
1633:Was elected during the peak of the
1600:
1532:
1461:
1373:
1300:
1222:
1156:
1081:
1022:
914:
859:
813:
765:
711:
679:from October 1924 to January 1925,
648:
602:
556:
506:
2349:List of prime ministers of Lebanon
2164:Suleiman was the commander of the
25:
2697:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
2464:"New President of Lebanon killed"
2768:from the original on 25 May 2014
2707:from the original on 12 May 2019
2569:from the original on 6 June 2014
2495:Seeberg, Peter (February 2007).
2267:at the latter's headquarters in
2201:
2127:
2037:
1960:
1881:
1863:
1806:
1749:
1673:
1588:
1520:
1449:
1361:
1288:
1210:
1144:
1069:
1010:
961:Lebanese Republic (1943–present)
902:
847:
801:
753:
699:
636:
590:
494:
352:
57:
41:
2432:Jaber, Ali (23 November 1989).
2369:High Commissioner of the Levant
1488:Frangieh formed and headed the
1400:Helou was an Ambassador to the
1054:on 21 November. He founded the
64:Member State of the Arab League
3651:Lebanon politics-related lists
1723:Multinational Force in Lebanon
1:
2535:. 8 July 2006. Archived from
1187:to resign. Chehab became the
1112:troops and imprisoned in the
949:troops and imprisoned in the
3641:Lists of national presidents
2434:"Lebanon's president killed"
2301:Vacant since 31 October 2022
1931:, killing him and 23 others.
1701:5 years, 365 days
1548:5 years, 364 days
1477:5 years, 365 days
1389:5 years, 364 days
1316:5 years, 365 days
1238:5 years, 364 days
1097:8 years, 301 days
522:7 years, 123 days
3251:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
2756:Malas, Nour (25 May 2014).
2277:2016 presidential elections
1834:2 years, 21 days
781:1 year, 343 days
664:5 years, 74 days
618:1 year, 355 days
3667:
1777:1 year, 44 days
3587:
3503:
3439:
3361:
3290:
3137:
2395:(in French). April 1929.
2364:Prime Minister of Lebanon
2299:
2290:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2162:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2072:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2024:
1995:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1916:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1861:
1779:
1736:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1660:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1575:
1568:between Egypt and Israel.
1557:
1552:
1550:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1507:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1436:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1348:
1327:Prime Minister of Lebanon
1323:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1247:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1189:Prime Minister of Lebanon
1127:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1075:
1068:
1065:
986:
980:
973:
970:
967:
877:
831:
729:
688:
681:prime minister of Lebanon
677:speaker of the Parliament
673:
668:
666:
642:
635:
632:
620:
574:
540:
533:French mandate in Lebanon
531:During the period of the
529:
500:
493:
490:
474:
468:
461:
458:
455:
3241:Emirate of Mount Lebanon
2891:Pierre-Georges Arlabosse
2632:10.1177/0192512109342521
2260:, and the leader of the
1870:Second Lebanese Republic
1712:He left his post in the
707:Pierre-Georges Arlabosse
2875:Privat-Antoine Aubouard
2255:Free Patriotic Movement
2242:Free Patriotic Movement
2235:Free Patriotic Movement
1845:The outgoing president
761:Alfred Georges Naccache
552:Privat-Antoine Aubouard
422:Constitution of Lebanon
3454:International rankings
3295:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
1268:National Liberal Party
313:Diplomatic missions of
3636:Presidents of Lebanon
3418:Speaker of Parliament
2845:Presidents of Lebanon
2166:Lebanese Armed Forces
1333:while also forming a
444:List of officeholders
2792:www.dailystar.com.lb
2733:. 24 November 2007.
2653:Yun, Janice (2010).
2472:. 23 November 1989.
2359:President of Lebanon
2009:that formalized the
1195:while also former a
1120:during World War II.
83:Constitution of 1926
2881:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
2798:on 24 November 2021
2762:Wall Street Journal
2731:Outside the Beltway
1255:1958 Lebanon crisis
1244:Constitutional Bloc
1103:Constitutional Bloc
936:Constitutional Bloc
886:Lebanese Parliament
675:Eddé served as the
34:Politics of Lebanon
3467:Telecommunications
2563:The New York Times
2438:The New York Times
2281:Lebanese Civil War
2275:candidacy for the
1828:22 September 1988
1771:22 September 1988
1698:22 September 1988
1695:23 September 1982
1635:Lebanese Civil War
1566:Camp David Accords
1545:22 September 1982
1542:23 September 1976
1474:22 September 1976
1471:23 September 1970
1386:22 September 1970
1383:23 September 1964
1313:22 September 1964
1310:23 September 1958
1251:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1235:22 September 1958
1232:23 September 1952
1169:22 September 1952
1166:18 September 1952
1094:18 September 1952
924:21 September 1943
872:21 September 1943
438:Maronite Christian
416:Constitutionally (
405:This is a list of
359:Lebanon portal
303:Abdallah Bou Habib
18:Lebanese president
3623:
3622:
3583:
3582:
3490:
3489:
3426:
3425:
3403:Political parties
3376:Foreign relations
3348:
3347:
3147:
3146:
3142:
2964:Suleiman Frangieh
2938:Bechara El Khoury
2928:Bechara El Khoury
2918:Lebanese Republic
2509:on 4 January 2014
2469:Los Angeles Times
2308:
2307:
2062:24 November 2007
2059:24 November 1998
1985:24 November 1998
1982:24 November 1989
1906:22 November 1989
1616:14 September 1982
1498:National Assembly
1457:Suleiman Frangieh
1185:Bechara El Khoury
1091:22 November 1943
1052:Bechara El Khoury
1035:22 November 1943
1032:11 November 1943
958:
957:
927:11 November 1943
766:ألفرد جورج النقاش
712:بيار جورج أرلابوس
516:1 September 1926
403:
402:
335:Visa requirements
290:Foreign relations
277:Political parties
225:Recent elections
16:(Redirected from
3658:
3603:
3596:
3501:
3462:
3437:
3359:
3335:Southern Lebanon
3288:
3268:Cedar Revolution
3174:
3167:
3160:
3151:
3140:
2853:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2815:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2794:. Archived from
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2539:on 5 August 2012
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:(Working Papers)
2501:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2385:
2284:
2226:31 October 2022
2223:31 October 2016
2220:
2216:
2215:
2205:
2173:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2099:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2018:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1932:
1903:5 November 1989
1900:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1831:13 October 1990
1825:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1796:
1774:5 November 1989
1768:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1730:
1727:May 17 Agreement
1692:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1654:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1569:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1501:
1494:Lebanese history
1468:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1430:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1342:
1339:religious groups
1335:military cabinet
1331:defense minister
1307:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1258:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1200:
1197:military cabinet
1193:defense minister
1163:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1121:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1059:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1014:
984:Political party
978:
965:
954:
921:
917:
916:
906:
894:
866:
862:
861:
851:
839:
820:
816:
815:
805:
793:
772:
768:
767:
757:
745:
718:
714:
713:
703:
684:
658:20 January 1936
655:
651:
650:
640:
628:
615:20 January 1936
612:30 January 1934
609:
605:
604:
598:Habib Pacha Saad
594:
582:
569:30 January 1934
563:
559:
558:
536:
513:
509:
508:
498:
472:Political party
466:
453:
395:
388:
381:
357:
356:
355:
177:
66:
62:
61:
45:
29:
21:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3579:
3555:Public holidays
3486:
3460:
3422:
3344:
3277:
3211:Hellenistic era
3187:
3178:
3148:
3143:
3133:
3030:
3021:Michel Suleiman
2949:Camille Chamoun
2920:
2912:
2897:Alfred Naqqache
2862:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2313:
2262:Lebanese Forces
2246:Michel Suleiman
2239:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2163:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2135:Michel Suleiman
2073:
2054:
2053:
2047:
1996:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1917:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1862:
1844:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1785:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1711:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1651:Habib Shartouni
1639:Lebanese Forces
1632:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1558:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1490:Marada Movement
1487:
1483:Marada Movement
1466:
1465:
1459:
1419:Camille Chamoun
1399:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1325:Chehab was the
1324:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1248:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1218:Camille Chamoun
1182:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1107:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1048:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1000:Time in office
981:Term of office
976:
975:
963:
940:
919:
918:
912:
883:
864:
863:
857:
837:
818:
817:
811:
791:
770:
769:
763:
735:
716:
715:
709:
674:
653:
652:
646:
626:
607:
606:
603:حبيب باشا السعد
600:
580:
566:2 January 1934
561:
560:
554:
530:
519:2 January 1934
511:
510:
504:
486:Time in office
469:Term of office
464:
463:
451:
446:
430:
399:
370:
366:Other countries
353:
351:
345:
344:
325:Nationality law
321:
309:
292:
282:
281:
271:
249:
221:
211:
210:
191:
183:
182:
169:
160:
150:
149:
101:
91:
90:
78:
68:
56:
55:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3664:
3662:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3413:Prime Minister
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3258:French mandate
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3236:Ottoman Empire
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2983:
2978:
2975:Bachir Gemayel
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:Charles Debbas
2866:
2864:
2860:French Mandate
2856:
2855:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2779:
2748:
2718:
2680:
2645:
2626:(4): 349–363.
2610:
2589:"Emile Lahoud"
2580:
2550:
2533:The Daily Star
2520:
2487:
2455:
2424:
2410:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2341:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2206:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:Doha Agreement
2161:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2132:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2011:Taif Agreement
1994:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1886:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:23 August 1982
1608:
1596:Bachir Gemayel
1593:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1525:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1423:Pierre Gemayel
1397:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1077:Bechara Khoury
1074:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1015:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
990:
988:
985:
982:
979:
972:
969:
962:
959:
956:
955:
943:French Mandate
938:
933:
931:
928:
925:
922:
910:Bechara Khoury
907:
900:
896:
895:
881:
876:
873:
870:
867:
852:
845:
841:
840:
835:
830:
829:124 days
827:
824:
823:19 March 1943
821:
806:
799:
795:
794:
789:
784:
782:
779:
778:18 March 1943
776:
773:
758:
751:
747:
746:
733:
728:
725:
722:
719:
704:
697:
693:
692:
686:
685:
672:
667:
665:
662:
659:
656:
641:
634:
630:
629:
624:
619:
616:
613:
610:
595:
588:
584:
583:
578:
573:
570:
567:
564:
549:
547:
543:
542:
538:
537:
528:
523:
520:
517:
514:
502:Charles Debbas
499:
492:
488:
487:
484:
481:
477:
476:
473:
470:
467:
460:
457:
450:
447:
445:
442:
429:
426:
401:
400:
398:
397:
390:
383:
375:
372:
371:
369:
368:
362:
347:
346:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
320:
319:
308:
307:
306:
305:
293:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
274:
273:
272:
270:
269:
264:
259:
252:
250:
248:
247:
240:
235:
231:Presidential:
228:
222:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
206:Municipalities
203:
198:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
179:
178:
161:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
135:
134:
133:
121:Prime Minister
118:
117:
116:
102:
97:
96:
93:
92:
86:
85:
79:
74:
73:
70:
69:
51:
50:
47:
46:
38:
37:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3663:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3482:Drug industry
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Mount Lebanon
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:1989 (24 Nov)
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:Amine Gemayel
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Charles Helou
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2598:
2594:
2593:Lebanon Today
2590:
2584:
2581:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2414:
2411:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:Michel Aoun's
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:Gebran Bassil
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2210:
2204:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2084:Selim al-Hoss
2081:
2077:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2046:
2040:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1973:إلياس الهراوي
1969:
1963:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1909:17 days
1908:
1905:
1902:
1890:
1884:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1847:Amine Gemayel
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
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1827:
1815:
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1809:
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1697:
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1682:
1681:Amine Gemayel
1676:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:assassination
1640:
1636:
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1512:
1510:
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1499:
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1476:
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1470:
1462:سليمان فرنجية
1458:
1452:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1370:
1369:Charles Helou
1364:
1356:
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1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:Rashaya Tower
1111:
1104:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:National Bloc
1053:
1047:
1045:
1044:National Bloc
1042:
1040:
1038:11 days
1037:
1034:
1031:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
989:
977:(Birth–Death)
966:
960:
952:
951:Rashaya Tower
948:
944:
939:
937:
934:
932:
930:51 days
929:
926:
923:
911:
908:
905:
901:
898:
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892:
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882:
880:
875:61 days
874:
871:
869:22 July 1943
868:
856:
853:
850:
846:
843:
842:
836:
834:
828:
826:21 July 1943
825:
822:
810:
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800:
797:
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790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
777:
775:9 April 1941
774:
762:
759:
756:
752:
749:
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743:
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734:
732:
726:
724:9 April 1941
723:
721:4 April 1941
720:
708:
705:
702:
698:
695:
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682:
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671:
670:National Bloc
663:
661:4 April 1941
660:
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631:
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623:
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611:
599:
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579:
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572:28 days
571:
568:
565:
557:أنطوان أوبوار
553:
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503:
497:
489:
485:
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478:
465:(Birth–Death)
454:
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443:
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439:
435:
434:National Pact
428:National Pact
427:
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144:
143:Past Cabinets
141:
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132:
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126:
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114:
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107:
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52:
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44:
40:
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35:
30:
27:
19:
3530:Demographics
3508:Architecture
3449:Central Bank
3381:Human rights
3366:Constitution
3330:Shebaa farms
3320:Governorates
3300:Beqaa Valley
3226:Crusader era
3126:
3102:1989 (5 Nov)
3016:Émile Lahoud
2985:
2973:
2969:Élias Sarkis
2921:(since 1943)
2849:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:the original
2791:
2782:
2770:. Retrieved
2761:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2730:
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2700:
2696:
2671:. Retrieved
2662:
2658:
2648:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2592:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2562:
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2537:the original
2532:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2504:the original
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2467:
2458:
2446:. Retrieved
2437:
2427:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2392:
2383:
2300:
2265:Samir Geagea
2189:
2152:25 May 2014
2149:25 May 2008
2140:ميشال سليمان
2115:
2096:Ta'if Accord
2088:Rafiq Hariri
2045:Émile Lahoud
2007:Constitution
2003:René Mouawad
1948:
1714:Kataeb Party
1707:Kataeb Party
1628:Kataeb Party
1621:22 days
1620:
1615:
1610:
1528:Élias Sarkis
1427:Raymond Eddé
1296:Fouad Chehab
1172:4 days
1152:Fouad Chehab
1082:بشارة الخوري
997:Left office
994:Took office
915:بشارة الخوري
787:Kataeb Party
727:5 days
483:Left office
480:Took office
431:
417:
415:
404:
350:
243:
196:Governorates
190:Subdivisions
131:Najib Mikati
109:
88:Human rights
76:Constitution
54:
26:
3444:Agriculture
3026:Michel Aoun
3011:Elias Hrawi
3000:René Moawad
2987:Michel Aoun
2954:Fuad Chehab
2943:Fuad Chehab
2902:Ayoub Tabet
2863:(1918–1943)
2802:13 February
2418:(in Arabic)
2251:Michel Aoun
2219:(born 1933)
2209:Michel Aoun
2159:Independent
2145:(born 1948)
2092:Nabih Berri
2069:Independent
2055:(born 1936)
1992:Independent
1978:(1926–2006)
1968:Elias Hrawi
1921:Michel Aoun
1913:Independent
1899:(1925–1989)
1889:René Moawad
1824:(born 1933)
1814:Michel Aoun
1793:West Beirut
1781:Independent
1767:(1929–2024)
1691:(born 1942)
1686:أمين الجميل
1606:(1947–1982)
1601:بشير الجميل
1538:(1924–1985)
1533:إلياس سركيس
1467:(1910–1992)
1406:Six-Day War
1379:(1913–2001)
1320:Independent
1306:(1902–1973)
1228:(1900–1987)
1162:(1902–1973)
1110:Free French
1087:(1890–1964)
1028:(1886–1949)
947:Free French
920:(1890–1964)
879:Independent
865:(1876–1947)
833:Independent
819:(1884–1951)
809:Ayoub Tabet
771:(1887–1978)
731:Independent
717:(1891–1950)
654:(1886–1949)
622:Independent
608:(1867–1942)
576:Independent
562:(1874–1934)
541:1926, 1929
526:Independent
512:(1884–1935)
340:Visa policy
175:Nabih Berri
158:Legislature
3630:Categories
3570:Television
3461:(currency)
3371:Corruption
3231:Mamluk era
3097:1982 (Sep)
3092:1982 (Aug)
3005:Selim Hoss
2994:Selim Hoss
2933:Émile Eddé
2908:Petro Trad
2886:Émile Eddé
2772:4 November
2741:4 November
2513:23 October
2375:References
1894:رينيه معوض
1852:Selim Hoss
1757:Selim Hoss
1415:coalitions
1223:كميل شمعون
1118:Emile Edde
1116:replacing
1018:Émile Eddé
860:بيترو طراد
855:Petro Trad
742:Émile Eddé
644:Émile Eddé
407:presidents
317:in Lebanon
301:Minister:
165:Parliament
3545:Languages
3535:Education
3477:Transport
3408:President
3315:Districts
3283:Geography
3263:Civil War
3216:Roman era
3206:Phoenicia
3128:2022–2024
3122:2014–2016
3035:Elections
2640:144463265
2292:2014–2016
2214:ميشال عون
2080:Hezbollah
2050:إميل لحود
1819:ميشال عون
1762:سليم الحص
1554:Chehabist
1395:Chehabist
1301:فؤاد شهاب
1157:فؤاد شهاب
971:Portrait
814:أيوب تابت
507:شارل دباس
459:Portrait
255:General:
244:2022–2023
238:2014–2016
219:Elections
201:Districts
106:President
99:Executive
3610:Category
3560:Religion
3398:Military
3386:Abortion
3354:Politics
3340:Wildlife
3221:Arab era
3185:articles
2766:Archived
2735:Archived
2711:29 March
2705:Archived
2667:Archived
2597:Archived
2567:Archived
2480:29 March
2474:Archived
2448:29 March
2442:Archived
2397:Archived
2343:See also
2311:Timeline
2229:6 years
2155:6 years
2065:9 years
1988:9 years
1925:car bomb
1840:Military
1374:شارل حلو
1178:Military
1023:إميل أده
649:إميل أده
330:Passport
3594:Outline
3518:Cuisine
3496:Culture
3472:Tourism
3432:Economy
3305:Borders
3201:Ancient
3193:History
3181:Lebanon
2603:14 June
2573:15 July
2543:15 July
2393:Gallica
1999:Chtoura
1649:member
1410:Muslims
1402:Vatican
738:Lebanon
418:de jure
411:Lebanon
171:Speaker
138:Cabinet
3615:Portal
3565:Sports
3513:Cinema
3459:Pound
3310:Cities
3183:
3141:Acting
2703:(11).
2673:2 July
2638:
2403:3 June
2269:Maarab
1929:Beirut
1789:Baabda
1496:, the
987:Notes
475:Notes
115:vacant
3601:Index
3575:Women
3550:Music
2665:(2).
2636:S2CID
2500:(PDF)
2076:Syria
2015:Syria
1718:Syria
1561:Syria
3540:Flag
3523:wine
3391:LGBT
3117:2008
3112:1998
3087:1976
3082:1970
3077:1964
3072:1958
3067:1952
3062:1948
3057:1943
3052:1936
3047:1929
3042:1926
2850:List
2804:2021
2774:2022
2743:2022
2713:2023
2675:2012
2605:2012
2575:2012
2545:2012
2515:2012
2482:2023
2450:2023
2405:2020
2181:2008
2107:1998
2026:1989
1940:1989
1738:1982
1662:1982
1647:SSNP
1577:1976
1509:1970
1438:1964
1425:and
1350:1958
1277:1952
1133:1948
1129:1943
974:Name
968:No.
690:1936
462:Name
456:No.
267:2022
262:2018
257:2009
233:2008
125:list
110:list
2628:doi
2198:13
2124:12
2034:11
1957:10
409:of
3632::
3139:*
2790:.
2764:.
2760:.
2729:.
2699:.
2695:.
2683:^
2661:.
2657:.
2634:.
2624:30
2622:.
2595:.
2591:.
2561:.
2531:.
2466:.
2440:.
2436:.
2391:.
1878:9
1803:—
1746:—
1670:8
1585:7
1517:6
1446:5
1421:,
1358:4
1285:3
1207:2
1141:—
1131:,
1066:1
1007:—
899:6
844:5
798:—
750:4
696:—
633:3
587:2
546:—
491:1
424:.
315:/
173::
127:)
112:)
3173:e
3166:t
3159:v
3007:*
2996:*
2990:*
2945:*
2904:*
2893:*
2877:*
2852:)
2848:(
2837:e
2830:t
2823:v
2806:.
2776:.
2745:.
2715:.
2701:3
2677:.
2663:7
2642:.
2630::
2607:.
2577:.
2547:.
2517:.
2484:.
2452:.
2407:.
2283:.
1795:.
1257:.
1058:.
744:.
394:e
387:t
380:v
123:(
108:(
20:)
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