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241:...he repeatedly and deliberately violated the neutrality of small states; that he resorted to judicial arrests and murders against foreign subjects; that he ordered his generals and satraps to use preventive terror to control their domains; that he not only conquered and suppressed other states in war, but also used tactics of bullying, manipulation, and extortion on them in times of peace, almost without regard to whether they were hostile or friendly; that he frequently violated understandings, promises, and treaty commitments; that on principle he ruthlessly subordinated the interests of all the states and peoples he ruled to those of France and ultimately of himself personally.....
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831:“in the wake of the French Revolution, the signification of kingship began to be displaced from the body of the ruler to the trappings of rule. In the case of Ingres's remarkable portrait … the sacrality of the new ruler was displaced to the secular realm of history and, more specifically, to the pose, insignia, and costume that denoted the emperor's status....“The state was no longer equated with the person or the body Napoleon as the speaking subject …, but rather with the nation, via its history.”
767:(1804) to neutralize British propaganda. The propaganda focused on two episodes of the Egyptian campaign (1798-1800). First when he ordered the massacre of Turkish prisoners. Second when he ordered the death by poison of French soldiers suffering from the plague. The painting showed a compassionate Napoleon visiting the sick at the plague hospital. Morris adds that Gros was probably using the disease as a metaphor for the vanity of Napoleon and his First Empire.
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188:, a historian of Napoleonic warfare, wrote in 1973 that, "Nothing could be more degrading to the former and more flattering to the latter . The comparison is odious. On the whole Napoleon was inspired by a noble dream, wholly dissimilar from Hitler's ... Napoleon left great and lasting testimonies to his genius—in codes of law and national identities which survive to the present day. Adolf Hitler left nothing but destruction."
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republicanism in France and returning to monarchy. As presidents, Jefferson and
Madison were at several points on the verge of war with Napoleon before 1812 in response to violations of America's neutral rights such as seizing ships and cargoes and imprisoning sailors. Finally, Madison made the decision to fight only Britain.
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237:(1927–2020) is willing to grant that Napoleon was a genius regarding "military, administrative, organizational, political, even literary .... an extraordinary capacity for planning, decision making, memory, work, mastery of detail, and leadership." The problem is that he used this genius for criminal ends:
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Hazareesingh (2004) explores how
Napoleon's image and memory are best understood. They played a key role in collective political defiance of the Bourbon restoration monarchy in 1815–1830. People from different walks of life and areas of France, particularly Napoleonic veterans, drew on the Napoleonic
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contributed to his rise to power, legitimated his régime, and established his image for posterity. Strict censorship, controlling aspects of the press, books, theatre, and art were part of his propaganda scheme, aimed at portraying him as bringing desperately wanted peace and stability to France. The
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disapproved of
Napoleon. While noting Napoleon's genius, de Gaulle wrote that "he left France smaller than he had found her". Other French presidents have usually avoided mention of Napoleon; for a conservative to praise him would often mean counterattacks from the left, and vice versa for left-wing
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Widespread rumours of
Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes. There were also subversive activities celebrating
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has praised the numerous changes he made to French society, especially regarding the law as well as education. His greatest failure was the
Russian invasion. Many historians have blamed Napoleon's poor planning, but Russian scholars instead emphasize the Russian response, noting the notorious winter
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Although
Napoleon did end lawlessness and disorder in post-Revolutionary France, his enemies attacked him as a tyrant and usurper. His critics charge that he was not troubled when faced with the prospect of war and death for thousands, turned his search for undisputed rule into a series of conflicts
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1806 was a transformative year for German central Europe. It brought humiliating military defeat and occupation for
Prussia, the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, and a complete territorial and structural reorganization for the region. Historians have long viewed this reorganization as essential for
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retained by conquered countries including the
Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany, but has been used as the basis of certain parts of law outside Europe including the Dominican Republic, the US state of Louisiana and the Canadian province of Quebec. The code was also used as a model in
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changed in relation to events and to the atmosphere of
Napoleon's reign, focusing first on his role as a general in the army and identification as a soldier, and moving to his role as emperor and a civil leader. Specifically targeting his civilian audience, Napoleon fostered a relationship with the
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the rich fabrics, furs and capes, crown of gold leaves, golden chains and emblems were all presented in extremely precise detail; the
Emperor's face and hands were almost lost in the majestic costume. For Susan Siegfried (2006), the painting shows not just a man but the complexity and glory of his
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who wrought greater misery than any man before the coming of Hitler". Napoleon had grandiose foreign policy ambitions across Europe and the Americas. The Continental powers as late as 1808 were willing to give him nearly all of his gains and titles, but he was overly aggressive and pushed for too
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Napoleon's memory was salient in the 1820s and 1830s. Americans read his biographies, looked at exhibits—especially copies of Jacques-Louis David's painting of his coronation. American tourists in France looked for his memorials. On the other hand, Thomas Jefferson hated Napoleon for killing off
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has praised him, saying that "Napoleon is the man who gave shape to our political and administrative organization, to the uncertain sovereignty that emerged from the Revolution....After months of failure, with France besieged, Napoleon was able to incarnate order." The remarks were criticized,
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new empire. The insignia conveys the inter-relations of old French traditions and the new imperial formation, an empire for which Napoleon provided the brain but many others ultimately helped create. Siegfried argues that before 1789 royal portraits focused on the king's body. However,
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Everett Rummage says Napoleon, “is nearly synonymous with the spread of the modern bureaucratic state, not only the institutions themselves, but the modern outlook that goes with them: meritocracy, liberal property rights, public service and equality before the law.”
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In recent decades German historiography has shifted from nationalism to a pan-European viewpoint, opening the way for more favourable treatment of the Emperor. Most recent scholars reject the old notion of separate national paths typified by models of the German
56:(1769–1821) has a highly polarized legacy—Napoleon is typically loved or hated with few nuances. The large and steadily expanding historiography in French, English, Russian, Spanish and other languages has been summarized and evaluated by numerous scholars.
739:. His distinctive features and costume have made him a very recognizable figure in popular culture. He has been portrayed in many works of fiction, his depiction varying greatly with the author's perception of the historical character. In the 1927 film
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Roger Cohen, "Macron Condemns Napoleon's Restoration of Slavery, 200 Years Later: The French president's speech on the 200th anniversary of the emperor's death combined a rebuke for a betrayal of the Enlightenment and recognition of his achievements.
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Cohen, Roger. "France Battles Over Whether to Cancel or Celebrate Napoleon: President Emmanuel Macron laid a wreath at the emperor's tomb on the 200th anniversary of his death, stepping into a national debate over the legacy of Napoleon."
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Roger Cohen, "France Battles Over Whether to Cancel or Celebrate Napoleon: President Emmanuel Macron laid a wreath at the emperor's tomb on the 200th anniversary of his death, stepping into a national debate over the legacy of Napoleon."
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replies that such criticism relies on the flawed premise that Napoleon was responsible for the wars which bear his name, when in fact France was the victim of a series of coalitions that aimed to destroy the ideals of the Revolution.
2384:"Lesson of the Day: ‘France Battles Over Whether to Cancel or Celebrate Napoleon’ In this lesson, students will learn about the legacy of the former French emperor and debate to what extent he should be commemorated or criticized."
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755:(1771–1835) witnessed the Battle of Arcole (1796) and painted a portrait that pleased Napoleon. After travelling with Napoleon's army, Gros produced several large paintings of battles and other events in Napoleon's life.
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already was well established in 1799 when he met Napoleon. He was commissioned to commemorate the daring crossing of the Alps. The crossing had allowed the French to surprise the Austrian army and win victory at the
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anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.
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in 1795, while Napoleon was rising in France. From the beginning Napoleon showed great sympathy for the cause of Polish independence, and declared the restoration of and independent Poland as one of his goals.
818:, 1806, consists of a head but practically nothing of his body. It concentrated almost entirely on the lavish imperial costume that Napoleon had chosen to wear, and the symbols of power he held. The scepter of
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especially on the issues of Haiti, slavery and race. Macron subsequently clarified his comments, stating that the restoration of slavery in 1802 was a “mistake, a betrayal of the spirit of the Enlightenment.”
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after a series of conflicts and other political developments. German Romanticism was nationalistic and therefore became hostile to the ideals French Revolution. Major Romantic thinkers especially
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argues that Napoleon's actions in Germany did speed up the emergence of a German national consciousness; on the other hand it did nothing to modernize Germany's governance, economy, or culture.
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699:. The sale meant that his archenemy Great Britain would not get the land. That territory opened the area west of the Mississippi River and almost doubled the size of the United States.
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International Napoleonic Congresses take place regularly, with participation by members of the French and American military, French politicians and scholars from different countries.
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Luke, Tarah Lorraine. "‘Our Bonaparte?’: Republicanism, Religion, and Paranoia in New England and the Mid-Atlantic, 1789–1830." (Ph D dissertation 2016, Florida State U.)
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in the late 1880s, the Napoleonic legend was divorced from party politics and revived in popular culture. Concentrating on two plays and two novels from the period—
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followed Napoleon into exile to Elba, and returned with him to France. Famously, Józef Poniatowski and many of his Polish Lancers died fighting for Napoleon in
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O'Brien, David. "Propaganda and the Republic of the Arts in Antoine-Jean Gros's Napoleon visiting the Battlefield of Eylau the Morning after the Battle."
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Katherine Aaslestad and Karen Hagemann, "1806 and its Aftermath: Revisiting the Period of the Napoleonic Wars in German Central European Historiography.”
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on 14 June 1800. Although Napoleon had crossed on a mule, he wanted to be portrayed "calm upon a fiery steed". David complied, creating five versions of
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The New England Federalists who had strongly opposed the French Revolution in the 1790s celebrated in 1815 that the old Bourbon kings had been restored.
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Schönpflug, Daniel. "So far, and yet so near: comparison, transfer and memory in recent German books on the age of the French revolution and Napoleon."
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Napoleon institutionalized plunder of conquered territories: he loaded French museums with art stolen from across Europe. Artefacts were brought to the
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Daniel Schönpflug, "So far, and yet so near: comparison, transfer and memory in recent German books on the age of the French revolution and Napoleon."
548:(1768–1834) embraced reactionary politics and were hostile to political liberalism, rationalism, neoclassicism, and cosmopolitanism. German politician
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468:. Such leaders embraced nationalistic sentiments that were influenced by French nationalism and fought for independence which ultimately succeeded.
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contemporary art community, taking an active role in commissioning and controlling different forms of art production to suit his propaganda goals.
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calls him "a social misfit" who exploited France for his personal megalomaniac goals. He says Napoleon's reputation is exaggerated. French scholar
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McLynn states that, "He can be viewed as the man who set back European economic life for a generation by the dislocating impact of his wars."
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Today, Napoleon is remembered in Poland as an important figure in the fight for independence, even being mentioned in the 2nd stanca of the
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examines the financial, military, and administrative performance to conclude that he was loyal, useful, and a soldierly asset to Napoleon.
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Bourke, Skinner, Richard, Quentin; Garstan, Bryan (2016). "10: From popular sovereignty to civil society in post-revolutionary France".
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Napoleon died on May 5, 1821. The anniversary 200 years later on May 5, 2021, saw France deeply divided over his memory and heritage.
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Critics argue Napoleon's true legacy must reflect the loss of status for France and needless deaths brought by his rule: historian
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627:, which are regarded as Polish National heroes, fought alongside Napoleon, with the goal of restoring the ancient Polish State.
619:, a Polish State. Bonaparte regarded the Poles as his most loyal subjects and allies. Many Polish generals and leaders, such as
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Bourke, Skinner, Richard, Quentin; Kelly, Duncan (2016). "11: Popular sovereignty as state theory in the nineteenth century".
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After Nazi Germany conquered France in 1940, Hitler marched in triumph in Paris and paid homage to Napoleon at Les Invalides.
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Dwyer, Philip (2008). "Remembering and Forgetting in Contemporary France: Napoleon, Slavery, and the French History Wars".
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997:. University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 254–255, 258–259.
745:, young general Bonaparte is portrayed as a heroic visionary. On the other hand, he has been occasionally reduced to a
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Lazar Volin (1970) A century of Russian agriculture. From Alexander II to Khrushchev, p. 25. Harvard University Press
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Philip Dwyer, "Remembering and Forgetting in Contemporary France: Napoleon, Slavery, and the French History Wars",
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Soldiers, Citizens and Civilians: Experiences and Perceptions of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1790–1820
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Datta, Venita. "'L'appel Au Soldat': Visions of the Napoleonic Legend in Popular Culture of the Belle Epoque".
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Hazareesingh, Sudhir (2005). "Napoleonic Memory in Nineteenth-Century France: The Making of a Liberal Legend".
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was a realistic portrayal of the horrors of war. According to Jill Morris, Napoleon commissioned Gros to paint
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1587:. University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 280–281.
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Venita Datta, "'L'appel Au Soldat': Visions of the Napoleonic Legend in Popular Culture of the Belle Epoque".
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and decision to reinstate slavery in France's overseas colonies are controversial and affect his reputation.
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1993:"Napoleon Bonaparte as Hero and Saviour: Image, Rhetoric and Behaviour in the Construction of a Legend"
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Arnold, E.A. "English Language Napoleonic Historiography, 1973–1998: Thoughts and Considerations".
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E.A. Arnold, "English Language Napoleonic Historiography, 1973–1998: Thoughts and Considerations".
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Woolf, Stuart. “The Construction of a European World-View in the Revolutionary-Napoleonic Years.”
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Klopfer, Nadine. "Remembering Napoleon: Americans and the French Emperor in the 1820s and 1830s."
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Englund, Steven. “Monstre Sacré: The Question of Cultural Imperialism and the Napoleonic Empire.”
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Nadine Klopfer, "Remembering Napoleon: Americans and the French Emperor in the 1820s and 1830s."
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Siegfried Heit and Otto W. Johnston, "German Romanticism: An Ideological Response to Napoleon."
571:, the youngest brother, became King of Westphalia and has the reputation of a playboy. However
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Rosenblum, R. "Inherited myths, unprecedented realities: Painting under Napoleon 1800-1814."
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1270:"Call for Papers: International Napoleonic Society, Fourth International Napoleonic Congress"
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Hazareesingh, Sudhir. "Memory and Political Imagination: The Legend of Napoleon Revisited",
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1873:. Vol. II. New York City, United States of America: P.F. Collier & Son Publishers.
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Sudhir Hazareesingh, "Memory and Political Imagination: the Legend of Napoleon Revisited".
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de Bertier de Sauvigny, Guillaume. "The American Press and the Fall of Napoleon in 1814."
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In Britain, Russia and across Europe—though not in France—Napoleon was a popular topic of
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4306:
365:
4756:
3364:
2276:
7524:
7475:
7376:
7258:
7231:
6895:
6277:
6084:
5696:
5324:
5320:
4971:
4589:
4546:
4528:
4368:
4209:
3839:
3673:
3461:
3449:
3135:
3020:
2696:
2681:
2671:
2573:
2475:
1672:
1152:
600:
457:
445:
344:
234:
203:
184:
in 2005 argued that his racism toward blacks inspired Hitler in his treatment of Jews.
100:
73:
103:, attacks Napoleon by showing Spanish resisters being executed by his brutal soldiers.
7628:
7470:
6666:
6618:
6060:
5686:
3849:
3173:
3154:
3098:
3052:
3040:
3035:
3030:
2884:
2879:
2756:
2749:
2166:
2047:
1821:
1195:
809:
799:
732:
572:
529:
453:
4096:
1755:
P. Jill Morse, "The Medics in A. J. Gros's 'Bonaparte At The Pest House At Jaffa.'"
7339:
4784:
4431:
4253:
3952:
3401:
3359:
3288:
3025:
2910:
2864:
2852:
2795:
2761:
1826:
852:
434:
426:
181:
1556:
Timothy C. W. Blanning, "The French Revolution and the Modernization of Germany."
681:
195:
writes, "After all, the military record is unquestioned—17 years of wars, perhaps
2085:
1849:
1744:
After the Revolution: Antoine-Jean Gros, Painting & Propaganda under Napoleon
7529:
6952:
6785:
6564:
5067:
5052:
4734:
4709:
4685:
4055:
4043:
3965:
3541:
3354:
3158:
2894:
2842:
2817:
2800:
2739:
2301:
Forrest, Alan. "Propaganda and the Legitimation of Power in Napoleonic France".
2095:
Glad, Betty. “Why Tyrants Go Too Far: Malignant Narcissism and Absolute Power.”
2081:
1945:
Chew III, William L. "Yankee Observers, Napoleon, and American Exceptionalism."
823:
215:
180:
for a grand central museum; an example which would later be followed by others.
166:
144:
39:
1177:
Alan Forrest, "Propaganda and the Legitimation of Power in Napoleonic France".
6623:
6526:
5630:
5439:
5273:
4843:
3505:
3093:
2847:
2805:
2791:
2659:
2644:
2407:
2180:
2068:
War Memories: The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in Modern European Culture
407:
283:
270:
120:
throughout Europe and ignored treaties and conventions alike. His role in the
2437:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Andrew Roberts, Mike Broer and Belinda Beaton (
2031:
1976:
Dunne, John. "Recent Napoleonic Historiography: 'Poor Relation' Makes Good?"
1931:
Blanning, T. C. W. “The French Revolution and the Modernization of Germany.”
1888:
1448:
5903:
5550:
5016:
4674:
4551:
4381:
3864:
3195:
2874:
2869:
2832:
2827:
2691:
2634:
2619:
2488:
2434:
2418:
957:
War, Peace and International Relations: An Introduction to Strategic History
911:
John Dunne, "Recent Napoleonic Historiography: 'Poor Relation' Makes Good?"
561:
165:, since it forced the masses to support its ideological narratives through
2216:
2158:
2009:
1992:
1985:
695:
the territory of Louisiana for $ 15 million during the presidency of
6883:
6225:
5947:
4968:
2889:
2837:
2397:
886:(Oxford University Press, 2001), examines major debates among historians.
369:
exploited the Napoleonic legend for diverse political and cultural ends.
275:
170:
2201:
2107:
Revisiting Prussia's Wars against Napoleon: History, Culture, and Memory
2061:
1860:
de Méneval, Claude-François (1910). de Méneval, Napoléon Joseph Erenst;
1532:
1057:
798:
After the proclamation of the Empire in 1804, David became the official
6586:
6067:
5957:
2676:
2654:
2604:
2508:
2356:
2347:
Quynn, Dorothy Mackay. "The art confiscations of the Napoleonic wars."
2317:
2230:
2221:
Schroeder, Paul W. “Napoleon's Foreign Policy: A Criminal Enterprise.”
1971:
1940:
1718:
1456:
596:
135:(1767–1830) was a staunch critique of the political homogenization and
2342:
Napoleon and history painting: Antoine-Jean Gros's La bataille d'Eylau
2251:
1630:
1508:
Quoted in Ishaan Tharoor, "We're still living in the age of Napoleon"
1035:
Dorothy Mackay Quynn, "The art confiscations of the Napoleonic wars."
567:
Napoleon installed his relatives in power across the expanded empire.
3109:
2686:
2599:
1424:
520:
A major product of the French occupation was a strong development in
177:
2402:
1654:
Piero Gleijeses, "Napoleon, Jefferson, and the Louisiana Purchase."
1440:
509:
the rise of German nationalism, state-building, and modernization.
500:
Napoleon's disruptions of the old order created the space in which
425:
The memory of Napoleon in Poland is favorable, for his support for
306:
legacy and its connections with the ideals of the 1789 Revolution.
155:
Principles of Politics Applicable to All Representative Governments
107:
In the political realm, historians debate whether Napoleon was "an
3744:
3641:
2624:
2392:
2373:. Stresses its morbid, erotic, spectacular, and fantastic aspects.
2256:
769:
719:
680:
666:
640:
611:
Emperor Napoleon granting the constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw.
606:
504:
was created. According to Katherine Aaslestad and Karen Hagemann:
485:
308:
296:
255:
89:
58:
28:
2444:
691:
Napoleon significantly aided the United States when he agreed to
383:
politicians who are typically critical of the emperor. President
2629:
321:
Datta (2005) shows that, following the collapse of militaristic
6856:
6764:
6709:
6341:
5868:
4941:
4930:
3573:
3316:
3080:
2719:
2553:
2448:
2192:
O'Flaherty, Kathleen. "The Genesis of the Napoleonic Legend."
2289:
Napoleon on campaign : classic images of Napoleon at war
1757:
Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers
615:
After defeating the Kingdom of Prussia, Napoleon created the
552:(1790 – 1869) described Napoleon as "the greatest Maestro of
1867:
Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte: The Court of the First Empire
735:
generally associated with tactical brilliance, ambition and
313:
Medallion showing Napoléon in exile on St Helena, Paris 1840
6852:
1918:(Oxford UP, 2001), examines major debates among historians.
218:
provided an influential account of his image as a saviour.
645:
Polish Uhlans of the 1st Imperial Lancer Regiment in Elba.
301:
Reenactment of the entry of Napoleon to Gdańsk after siege
1571:
Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Proceedings
402:
Napoleon was responsible for spreading the values of the
6386:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
1641:
Owen Connelly, "Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia."
1310:
A Certain Idea of France: The Life of Charles de Gaulle
1155:, "Review article: Russia and the defeat of Napoleon."
749:, depicted as short and bossy, sometimes comically so.
970:
968:
6678:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
2235:
Shulim, Joseph I. “Thomas Jefferson Views Napoleon.”
1696:
Joseph I. Shulim, "Thomas Jefferson Views Napoleon."
1157:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History
855:, a proposed theme park; it has not yet been approved
363:(1913)—Datta examines how writers and critics of the
5526:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
7515:
7443:
7359:
7196:
7027:
6917:
6654:
6458:
6417:
6193:
6144:
5879:
5805:
5769:
5663:
5617:
5581:
5511:
5463:
5425:
5385:
5344:
5261:
5092:
5083:
5002:
4902:
4864:
4800:
4767:
4658:
4582:
4539:
4480:
4445:
4417:
4352:
4279:
4185:
4113:
3827:
3756:
3689:
3651:
3584:
3502:
3394:
3327:
3126:
2903:
2770:
2732:
2592:
2566:
1469:Andrzej Nieuwazny, "Napoleon and Polish identity".
944:
Napoleon's Wars: An International History 1803–1815
5486:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
1964:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1709:Lawrence S. Kaplan, "France and the War of 1812"
111:who laid the foundations of modern Europe" or "a
199:, France bankrupt, her overseas colonies lost."
2953:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
2262:Historical painter encouraged by the government
1923:Proceedings-Western Society for French History
1543:Tim Blanning, "Napoleon and German identity."
898:Proceedings-Western Society for French History
764:Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa
429:and opposition to Russia, his legal code, the
6868:
6534:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
6404:Western European colonialism and colonization
4953:
2460:
1585:Popular Sovereignty in Historical Perspective
995:Popular Sovereignty in Historical Perspective
417:After the fall of Napoleon, not only was the
8:
924:Max Hastings, "Everything is Owed to Glory"
864:Napoleon's "China is a sleeping giant" quote
583:Emperor Napoleon left a significant mark on
2331:Staging Empire: Napoleon, Ingres, and David
1770:Staging Empire: Napoleon, Ingres, and David
1611:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1423:Lobingier, Charles Sumner (December 1918).
1021:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
230:weather was just as hard on the defenders.
6875:
6861:
6853:
6761:
6706:
6414:
6338:
6141:
5876:
5865:
5460:
5341:
5089:
4960:
4946:
4938:
4927:
4861:
4110:
3686:
3581:
3570:
3499:
3324:
3313:
3123:
3077:
2729:
2716:
2563:
2550:
2467:
2453:
2445:
2237:Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
1698:Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
1207:Mark, Bryant, "Broadsides against Boney."
456:created a power vacuum that was filled by
5589:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2308:Munhall, Edgar. "Portraits of Napoleon."
2008:
1360:Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe
710:The art and politics of painting Napoleon
564:" or the French "singularité française."
440:Napoleon indirectly began the process of
6808:Historical geographic information system
2329:Porterfield, Todd, and Susan Siegfried.
2038:Englund, Steven. "Napoleon and Hitler".
2239:60:2 (1952): 288–304. {{jstor}4245839}}
1844:. (Penguin, 2014), favorable biography.
1768:Todd Porterfield, and Susan Siegfried,
1272:. La Fondation Napoléon. Archived from
875:
7106:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
6448:English historical school of economics
4500:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
2020:French Politics, Culture & Society
1600:
1192:A Dictionary of Napoleon and His Times
1050:French Politics, Culture & Society
1010:
676:United States House of Representatives
6644:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
6483:Historical reliability of the Gospels
2092:, considers major scholarly histories
1851:Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall
1669:America and French Culture, 1750-1848
1404:from the original on 29 December 2011
150:The Spirit of Conquest and Usurpation
147:through various books, including as "
7:
7611:
6836:
4461:More Irish than the Irish themselves
2275:Broadley, Alexander Meyrick (1911).
758:Napoléon on the Battlefield of Eylau
5531:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
1925:, Vol. 26 (2000). pp. 283–94.
1631:https://doi.org/10.1093/fh/18.4.446
794:Napoleon Crossing the Saint-Bernard
143:. He expressed his condemnation of
7248:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
6544:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
4488:Fourth Italian War of Independence
2194:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
1473:, May 1998 vol. 48 no. 5 pp. 50–55
674:of Napoleon in the chamber of the
406:to other countries, especially in
398:Influence of the French Revolution
392:Long-term influence outside France
161:was even more tyrannical than the
116:much, until his empire collapsed.
25:
7547:"China is a sleeping giant" quote
2291:(Pen & Sword Military, 2014).
2040:Journal of the Historical Society
1810:(HarperCollins, 1994), biography
1114:Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour
847:Napoleon I on His Imperial Throne
815:Napoleon I on his Imperial Throne
812:painter whose famous portrait of
776:Napoleon I on his Imperial Throne
433:, and the introduction of modern
293:French remembrance and evaluation
260:Reproduction in amber of David's
157:" (1815). Constant asserted that
7610:
7602:
7601:
7018:
6835:
6826:
6825:
5842:
5841:
5683:Palestinian expulsion and flight
4195:5000-year civilization assertion
3771:Nadir of American race relations
2403:International Napoleonic Society
2278:Napoleon in Caricature 1795-1821
2115:"The Little Tyrant, A review of
2048:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2006.00171.x
731:Napoleon has become a worldwide
448:in 1808. The abdication of King
7640:Cultural depictions of Napoleon
7489:Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker
6672:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
5546:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
5481:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
5288:Causes of the Armenian genocide
3597:Pyramid construction techniques
3164:Comparative historical research
2782:Library and information science
1856:, 412 pp.; by an Oxford scholar
1772:(Penn State Press, 2006) p. 38
842:Cultural depictions of Napoleon
716:Cultural depictions of Napoleon
513:For example, British historian
6684:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6634:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
6443:Historical school of economics
6380:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5818:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5692:Zionism as settler colonialism
4697:Limpieza de sangre controversy
3664:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
1958:The New York Times May 5, 2021
1297:The New York Times May 5, 2021
725:Bonaparte at the pont d'Arcole
589:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
6493:Opposition to Papal supremacy
3681:Indigenous population history
2281:. John Lane, 1911 Caricature.
2204:, regarding French literature
2126:Hazareesingh, Sudhir (2005).
2113:Hanson, Victor Davis (2003).
2077:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009)
1980:(2004) 18#4 pp. 484–91.
1168:Schroeder, (1990) p 148, 149.
806:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
495:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
422:many parts of Latin America.
18:Legacy and memory of Napoleon
6409:Desacralization of knowledge
4680:Carlism in the Francoist era
4648:Holodomor in modern politics
2141:(2004) 18#4 pp. 463–83.
2042:(2006) 6#1 pp. 151–69.
1784:Porterfield, and Siegfried,
1656:International History Review
1645:(Sep 1964) 14#9 pp 627-633.
1159:(2006) 7#2 pp. 283–308.
983:Alexander, (2001) pp. 74–76.
915:(2004) 18#4 pp. 484–91.
524:which eventually turned the
7282:War of the Fourth Coalition
6801:Historiographic metafiction
6711:Organizations, publications
6500:Proto-orthodox Christianity
5450:German resistance to Nazism
5306:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4716:Islamic revolution of Spain
4643:Holodomor genocide question
4519:Revisionism of Risorgimento
4513:Rerum italicarum scriptores
4494:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
4261:Self-Strengthening Movement
3411:decolonization of knowledge
2426:Works by Legacy of Napoleon
2349:American Historical Review
2223:Journal of Military History
2073:Forrest, Alan, et al. eds.
2066:Forrest, Alan, et al. eds.
1832:(1998), hostile biography.
1711:Journal of American History
1374:country by country analysis
1222:Napoleonic Wars in Cartoons
1037:American Historical Review
585:Polish National Romanticism
442:Latin American independence
210:British military historian
65:Bonaparte Crossing the Alps
7661:
7591:Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
7456:Column of the Grande Armée
7318:War of the Sixth Coalition
7294:War of the Fifth Coalition
7270:War of the Third Coalition
6598:Wissenschaft des Judentums
6575:Criticism of Protestantism
5455:Nazi foreign policy debate
4886:Second colonial occupation
4633:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
4271:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3815:Progressive-era historians
3250:Nationalization of history
3201:Historical-critical method
2340:Prendergast, Christopher.
2121:. The Claremont Institute.
1935:22#2 (1989), pp. 109–129.
1573:(1980), Vol. 9, p187-197.
1527:39#4 (2006), pp. 547–579.
859:Origins of the War of 1812
727:by Antoine-Jean Gros, 1796
713:
660:
479:
460:political leaders such as
395:
263:Napoleon Crossing the Alps
249:
197:six million Europeans dead
35:Napoleon Crossing the Alps
7599:
7421:Saint-Domingue expedition
7306:French invasion of Russia
7207:French Revolutionary Wars
7016:
6890:
6820:
6771:
6760:
6716:
6705:
6348:
6337:
5875:
5864:
5836:
5603:Second Sino-Japanese War
4978:
4937:
4926:
4408:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3580:
3569:
3323:
3312:
3089:
3076:
2728:
2715:
2562:
2549:
2482:
2435:"Napoleon and Wellington"
2333:(Penn State Press, 2006)
2324:French Historical Studies
2296:French Historical Studies
1991:Dwyer, Philip G. (2004).
1257:French Historical Studies
1070:The Campaigns of Napoleon
1052:(2008) 26#3. pp. 110–22.
410:. Napoleon did not touch
7334:Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
6930:Joséphine de Beauharnais
6358:Crisis of historiography
5521:Auschwitz bombing debate
5207:Indian Rebellion of 1857
5058:Late Bronze Age collapse
4992:List of military museums
4595:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
4567:Polish People's Republic
4402:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3766:African-American history
3739:Colonial Spanish America
3528:Second Thirty Years' War
2196:58.231 (1969): 256-266.
2117:Napoleon: A Penguin Life
2087:Napoleon For and Against
2032:10.3167/fpcs.2008.260306
1933:Central European History
1607:: CS1 maint: location (
1558:Central European History
1525:Central European History
1358:Grab, Alexander (2003).
1308:Jackson, Julian (2018).
1190:Hubert N.B. Richardson,
1126:Bergeron, Louis (1981).
1017:: CS1 maint: location (
902:(2000). pp. 283–94.
591:was partitioned between
546:Friedrich Schleiermacher
7466:Palace of Fontainebleau
5471:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
5330:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4881:Porter–MacKenzie debate
4638:Causes of the Holodomor
4175:Problem of two emperors
4123:Catilinarian conspiracy
3350:Historical significance
3211:Indiscipline of history
3186:Historical anthropology
2225:54: 2 (1990): 147–162.
2133:excerpt and text search
2056:51: 1 (2008): 215–250.
1966:98: 5 (1954): 337–376.
1848:Thompson, J.M. (1951).
1713:(1970) 57#1 pp. 36-47;
1425:"Napoleon and His Code"
1398:Encyclopædia Britannica
1090:Cronin 1994, pp. 342–43
1068:David Chandler, David.
927:The Wall Street Journal
7254:Battle of the Pyramids
7059:Assassination attempts
6961:Carlo Maria Buonaparte
6565:Protestant Reformation
6539:Second Vatican Council
6517:Succession to Muhammad
6512:Criticism of the Quran
6263:Religious perspectives
5997:Klemens von Metternich
5594:"Battle for Australia"
5476:Soviet offensive plans
5445:Broad vs. narrow front
5284:Late Ottoman genocides
4217:Century of humiliation
3998:Goguryeo controversies
3976:2,500-year celebration
3634:Double genocide theory
3421:Historical negationism
3245:Ancestral civilisation
3233:Historical materialism
3191:Historical determinism
3141:History of mentalities
2411:Interview on his book
2351:50.3 (1945): 437-460.
2265:
2211:18.4 (2004): 446-462.
2179:18.4 (2020): 525–560.
2177:Early American Studies
2128:The Legend of Napoleon
1909:Memory and evaluations
1904:, favorable biography.
1862:Collier, Peter Fenelon
1801:Biographies in English
1731:The legend of Napoleon
1685:Early American Studies
1629:18.4 (2004): 446-462.
1547:(1998) 48#4 pp 37–43 .
1312:. London: Allen Lane.
1039:50.3 (1945): 437-460.
833:
780:
728:
688:
678:
651:Polish National Anthem
646:
612:
538:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
511:
497:
491:Caspar David Friedrich
314:
302:
266:
243:
104:
77:
47:
6689:Torsion mangonel myth
6592:Modern Jewish history
6587:Jesuit historiography
6580:Protestant work ethic
6560:Hesychast controversy
6425:Industrial Revolution
6375:Library of Alexandria
6293:The Lord of the Rings
5943:Constantine the Great
5823:Torsion mangonel myth
5755:Sri Lankan Civil War
4834:Storm over the gentry
4735:Colonies or Provinces
4266:Sprouts of capitalism
3340:Historic preservation
3335:Change and continuity
2326:26.2 (2003): 281-314.
2260:
2159:10.1353/mln.2005.0119
2147:Modern Language Notes
1914:Alexander, Robert S.
1729:Sudhir Hazareesingh,
1700:60.2 (1952): 288-304.
1687:18.4 (2020): 525-560.
1658:39.2 (2017): 237-255.
1560:22.2 (1989): 109-129.
1246:Hazareesingh, (2004).
1129:France Under Napoleon
882:Robert S. Alexander,
829:
773:
723:
684:
670:
644:
610:
506:
489:
480:Further information:
312:
300:
259:
252:Napoleonic propaganda
246:Propaganda and memory
239:
96:The Third of May 1808
93:
81:Legacy and evaluation
62:
32:
7276:Battle of Austerlitz
7133:Weaponry and warfare
6776:Commemorative plaque
5992:Juan Manuel de Rosas
5440:"Blitzkrieg" concept
5311:Powder keg of Europe
5186:Franco-Prussian War
4856:Winter of Discontent
4839:Suffragette Campaign
4506:Italiani brava gente
4472:Revolutionary period
4294:Frankish Interregnum
4227:"Chineseness" debate
4160:Byzantine succession
4145:Fall of Western Rome
4086:Executed Renaissance
3575:By country or region
3519:Age of Enlightenment
3493:Vaticinium ex eventu
3440:Modernisation theory
3274:Quantitative history
2650:Historical documents
2398:The Napoleonic Guide
2246:137 (1992): 72-101.
2099:23: 1 (2002): 1-37.
2097:Political Psychology
1484:"The Crisis of 1808"
1237:, 2004 18(4): 463–83
1224:(Grub Street, 2009).
1181:, 2004 18(4): 426–45
974:McLynn, 1998, p. 666
625:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
550:Carl Theodor Welcker
526:German Confederation
431:abolition of serfdom
7535:Cultural depictions
7329:Battle of Vauchamps
7049:Coup of 18 Brumaire
6908:First French Empire
6605:Schools of thought
6570:Proto-Protestantism
6439:School of Thoughts
6321:William Shakespeare
6306:Robert Falcon Scott
6211:Friedrich Nietzsche
6049:Cult of personality
6034:Neville Chamberlain
5894:Alexander the Great
5776:Russo-Georgian War
5749:Sovereignty dispute
5728:Iranian Revolution
5558:"Polish death camp"
5535:In relation to the
5244:Myth of English aid
5235:War of the Pacific
5012:Albigensian Crusade
4437:Indigenous Aryanism
4133:Constantinian shift
3669:Residential schools
3426:Historian's fallacy
3345:Historic recurrence
2843:Numismatics (Money)
2615:Archaeological site
2539:theories of history
2310:Yale French Studies
2305:2004 18(4): 426–45.
2217:10.1093/fh/18.4.446
2010:10.1093/fh/18.4.379
1986:10.1093/fh/18.4.484
1947:Napoleonica LaRevue
1759:(2000), pp 147–164.
1511:The Washington Post
784:Jacques-Louis David
542:Heinrich von Kleist
233:American historian
193:Victor Davis Hanson
44:Jacques-Louis David
7645:Legacies by person
7573:Retour des cendres
7552:German Romanticism
7502:Rue de la Victoire
7416:Law of 20 May 1802
7351:Battle of Waterloo
7312:Battle of Borodino
7000:Caroline Bonaparte
6948:Alexandre Walewski
6796:Historical realism
6791:Historical fiction
6736:History institutes
6726:Historical society
6721:Heritage registers
6609:Biblical criticism
6522:Islamic golden age
6473:Early Christianity
6353:Bears in antiquity
6241:Medieval Christian
6039:Pedro II of Brazil
5987:José de San Martín
5791:Syrian revolution
5703:Malayan Emergency
5678:1948 Palestine war
5411:Spanish Civil War
5361:War guilt question
5170:American Civil War
5150:Invasion of Russia
5126:New Russian School
4910:Colonial Australia
4626:October Revolution
4389:Strukturgeschichte
4325:Location of Alésia
4244:Hua–Yi distinction
4165:Moscow, third Rome
3781:Reconstruction era
3602:Black Egypt Thesis
3524:European Civil War
3480:Translatio imperii
3435:Invented tradition
2556:Historical sources
2441:, 25 October 2001)
2413:Napoleon Bonaparte
2344:(Oxford UP, 1997).
2287:Carruthers, H. A.
2266:
2264:, 1814 caricature.
2244:Past & Present
2054:Historical Journal
1820:(2003) biography;
1490:. Brown University
1429:Harvard Law Review
1336:The New York Times
1099:Correlli Barnett,
808:(1780–1867) was a
781:
729:
689:
686:Louisiana Purchase
679:
663:Louisiana Purchase
647:
632:Polish Legionaires
613:
534:Ernst Moritz Arndt
522:German nationalism
498:
482:German Romanticism
466:José de San Martín
315:
303:
269:Napoleon's use of
267:
122:Haitian Revolution
109:enlightened despot
105:
78:
54:Napoleon Bonaparte
48:
7622:
7621:
7517:Legacy and memory
7461:Equestrian statue
7444:Homes and honours
7372:Concordat of 1801
7324:Battle of Leipzig
7300:Battle of Eckmühl
7264:Battle of Marengo
7237:Battle of Bassano
7219:French Revolution
7101:Sale of Louisiana
7005:Pauline Bonaparte
6850:
6849:
6816:
6815:
6756:
6755:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6614:Catholic theology
6468:Avestan geography
6333:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6316:Søren Kierkegaard
6189:
6188:
6100:Warren G. Harding
5860:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5659:
5658:
5537:Armenian genocide
5400:Polish–Soviet War
5395:Burning of Smyrna
5381:
5380:
5371:Reichstag inquiry
5294:Patriotic consent
5165:
5164:
5140:War in the Vendée
5104:French Revolution
5086:century conflicts
5075:Peloponnesian War
5036:Eighty Years' War
4922:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4827:Westminster Stone
4524:Southern question
4363:Alltagsgeschichte
4313:Legendary Saracen
4015:Early settlements
3823:
3822:
3803:Political history
3788:Consensus history
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3547:Continuity thesis
3486:Translatio studii
3372:Theory of history
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3262:Subaltern Studies
3147:Nouvelle histoire
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
2984:Medieval churches
2971:Geistesgeschichte
2915:Paleoanthropology
2823:Encyclopaedistics
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2579:Secondary sources
2430:Project Gutenberg
2422:, 26 October 1997
2312:26 (1960): 3-20.
2105:Hagemann, Karen.
1949:1 (2011): 23–48.
1816:Englund, Steven.
1806:Cronin, Vincent.
1667:Howard M. Jones,
1594:978-1-107-13040-1
1394:"Napoleonic Code"
1369:978-0-333-68275-3
1276:on 8 January 2009
1139:978-0-691-00789-2
1132:. Princeton U.P.
1004:978-1-107-13040-1
942:Charles Esdaile,
932:also online here.
929:(31 October 2014)
789:Battle of Marengo
753:Antoine-Jean Gros
621:Józef Poniatowski
544:(1777-1811), and
515:T. C. W. Blanning
412:serfdom in Russia
404:French Revolution
380:Charles de Gaulle
186:David G. Chandler
159:Napoleonic regime
141:Napoleonic France
133:Benjamin Constant
16:(Redirected from
7652:
7614:
7613:
7605:
7604:
7540:Napoleon complex
7482:Maison Bonaparte
7436:
7406:Organic Articles
7242:Battle of Rivoli
7198:Battles and wars
7182:
7168:
7117:Mesures usuelles
7045:
7022:
6992:Jérôme Bonaparte
6982:Lucien Bonaparte
6977:Joseph Bonaparte
6969:Letizia Ramolino
6877:
6870:
6863:
6854:
6839:
6838:
6829:
6828:
6781:Documentary film
6762:
6741:History journals
6707:
6680:
6552:
6488:Primacy of Peter
6435:Great Depression
6415:
6388:
6366:
6339:
6287:J. R. R. Tolkien
6142:
6137:
6125:
6113:
6095:Ulysses S. Grant
6090:Thomas Jefferson
6081:
6057:
6020:
5983:
5971:
5939:
5927:
5919:Chiang Ching-kuo
5909:Cato the Younger
5899:Amin al-Husseini
5877:
5866:
5845:
5844:
5828:War and genocide
5652:
5638:Résistancialisme
5625:Battle of France
5607:Nanjing Massacre
5461:
5342:
5338:
5302:
5252:
5134:
5117:
5090:
5017:Catharism debate
5003:pre-18th century
4985:Military history
4962:
4955:
4948:
4939:
4932:By war, conflict
4928:
4876:Cambridge School
4862:
4760:
4748:
4724:
4705:
4615:
4603:
4575:
4397:
4375:Historikerstreit
4345:
4333:
4321:
4302:
4288:Cordon sanitaire
4234:New Qing History
4222:Conquest dynasty
4213:
4128:Christianization
4111:
4030:
3943:
3931:
3919:
3897:
3885:
3877:Byzantine Empire
3732:Iquicha Royalism
3721:
3687:
3610:
3582:
3571:
3514:Age of Discovery
3503:Periodization of
3500:
3474:Transhistoricity
3469:Thirty-year rule
3380:
3368:
3325:
3314:
3294:Great Man theory
3257:People's history
3219:
3124:
3116:Three-age system
3078:
2778:Archival science
2730:
2717:
2584:Tertiary sources
2564:
2551:
2500:by area of study
2469:
2462:
2455:
2446:
2298:2005 28#1: 1–30.
2282:
2170:
2131:
2122:
2091:
2090:. Penguin Books.
2035:
2014:
2012:
1903:
1900:Internet Archive
1897:
1895:
1872:
1855:
1842:Napoleon: A Life
1839:Roberts, Andrew.
1789:
1782:
1776:
1766:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1598:
1580:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1541:
1535:
1521:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1259:2005 28(1): 1–30
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1211:60.1 (2010): 52+
1205:
1199:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1066:
1060:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1008:
990:
984:
981:
975:
972:
963:
953:
947:
940:
934:
922:
916:
909:
903:
893:
887:
880:
697:Thomas Jefferson
569:Jérôme Bonaparte
444:when he invaded
331:Madame Sans-Gêne
327:Victorien Sardou
228:
212:Correlli Barnett
163:Bourbon monarchy
137:personality cult
21:
7660:
7659:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7595:
7557:Napoleonic Code
7511:
7507:Warsaw monument
7451:Arc de Triomphe
7439:
7430:
7394:Infamous Decree
7389:Grand Sanhedrin
7367:Catholic Church
7355:
7346:Battle of Ligny
7288:Battle of Eylau
7213:Siege of Toulon
7192:
7176:
7162:
7090:Napoleonic Wars
7039:
7037:Stay in Auxonne
7029:Life and career
7023:
7014:
7010:Elisa Bonaparte
6987:Louis Bonaparte
6913:
6912:
6886:
6881:
6851:
6846:
6845:
6812:
6767:
6752:
6712:
6693:
6676:
6659:
6650:
6546:
6454:
6430:Great Recession
6413:
6384:
6360:
6344:
6325:
6216:H. P. Lovecraft
6185:
6147:
6140:
6131:
6119:
6107:
6075:
6051:
6024:Muammar Gaddafi
6014:
6002:Leonid Brezhnev
5977:
5965:
5948:Gregory Palamas
5933:
5931:Chiang Kai Shek
5921:
5881:
5871:
5852:
5851:
5832:
5813:Conflict thesis
5801:
5765:
5655:
5646:
5613:
5577:
5507:
5459:
5421:
5387:Interwar period
5377:
5347:
5340:
5332:
5316:Schlieffen Plan
5296:
5257:
5246:
5161:
5128:
5111:
5096:
5085:
5079:
5063:Dorian invasion
5048:Fall of Babylon
5004:
4998:
4997:
4974:
4966:
4933:
4914:
4890:
4867:
4860:
4822:Kingdom of Alba
4803:
4796:
4763:
4754:
4742:
4740:Spanish decline
4718:
4699:
4654:
4609:
4597:
4578:
4569:
4535:
4476:
4441:
4427:Greater Magadha
4413:
4391:
4348:
4339:
4327:
4315:
4296:
4275:
4249:Four Barbarians
4207:
4181:
4109:
4066:Götaland theory
4034:Lusotropicalism
4024:
4005:North Macedonia
3937:
3925:
3913:
3891:
3879:
3819:
3798:Frontier thesis
3793:Cyclical theory
3776:Neoabolitionism
3752:
3715:
3685:
3647:
3624:Greater Morocco
3604:
3576:
3553:
3504:
3498:
3390:
3374:
3362:
3319:
3300:
3213:
3128:
3122:
3104:Historical eras
3085:
3064:
2899:
2796:Writing systems
2766:
2724:
2722:Fields of study
2703:
2697:Service records
2682:Religious texts
2588:
2574:Primary sources
2558:
2545:
2544:
2478:
2473:
2393:Napoleon Series
2380:
2365:(1975): 48-57.
2303:French History,
2274:
2271:
2144:
2125:
2112:
2080:
2017:
1990:
1911:
1893:
1891:
1881:
1870:
1859:
1847:
1803:
1798:
1796:Further reading
1793:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1750:
1742:David O'Brien,
1741:
1737:
1733:(Granta, 2005).
1728:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1624:
1620:
1599:
1595:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1522:
1518:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1441:10.2307/1327640
1422:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:(1973) p. xliii
1067:
1063:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1009:
1005:
992:
991:
987:
982:
978:
973:
966:
955:Colin S. Gray,
954:
950:
941:
937:
923:
919:
910:
906:
894:
890:
881:
877:
872:
838:
822:, the sword of
802:of the regime.
747:stock character
737:political power
718:
712:
665:
659:
617:Duchy of Warsaw
581:
484:
478:
437:bureaucracies.
419:Napoleonic Code
400:
394:
385:Emmanuel Macron
295:
274:propagandistic
254:
248:
222:
178:Musée du Louvre
139:that dominated
88:
86:Harsh criticism
83:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7658:
7656:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7627:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7532:
7527:
7525:Bank of France
7521:
7519:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7485:
7478:
7476:Longwood House
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7447:
7445:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7425:
7424:
7423:
7418:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7391:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7363:
7361:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7314:
7309:
7302:
7297:
7290:
7285:
7278:
7273:
7266:
7261:
7259:Siege of Jaffa
7256:
7251:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7232:Battle of Lodi
7229:
7226:13 Vendémiaire
7222:
7215:
7210:
7202:
7200:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7188:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7155:2nd abdication
7152:
7150:Route Napoléon
7147:
7146:
7145:
7138:1st abdication
7135:
7130:
7125:
7123:Looting of art
7120:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7086:
7085:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7063:Constitutions
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7033:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6971:
6963:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6937:
6932:
6923:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6896:Napoleonic era
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6882:
6880:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6857:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6833:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6804:
6803:
6798:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6738:
6733:
6723:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6710:
6703:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6674:
6669:
6663:
6661:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6589:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6562:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6504:
6503:
6502:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6485:
6480:
6470:
6464:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6421:
6419:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6394:
6389:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6355:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6260:
6255:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6206:Charles Darwin
6203:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6176:United Kingdom
6173:
6168:
6166:Modern Germany
6163:
6158:
6152:
6150:
6139:
6138:
6126:
6114:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6085:Thomas Aquinas
6082:
6070:
6065:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5972:
5960:
5955:
5953:Horatio Nelson
5950:
5945:
5940:
5928:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5785:Responsibility
5782:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5726:
5725:
5724:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5697:New Historians
5694:
5689:
5675:
5669:
5667:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5563:Responsibility
5560:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5543:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5467:
5465:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5431:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5339:
5327:
5321:Spirit of 1914
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5291:
5281:
5278:Fischer thesis
5267:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5241:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5221:
5219:Paraguayan War
5216:
5215:
5214:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5145:Napoleonic era
5142:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5123:
5118:
5109:Pre-revolution
5100:
5098:
5094:Coalition Wars
5087:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5008:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4988:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4972:historiography
4967:
4965:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4814:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4790:Decline thesis
4787:
4780:Ottoman Empire
4777:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4749:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4706:
4694:
4689:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4607:Skeptic School
4592:
4590:Anti-Normanism
4586:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Golden Liberty
4543:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4529:Neo-Bourbonism
4521:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4497:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4399:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4369:Borussian myth
4366:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4334:
4322:
4310:
4303:
4291:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4219:
4214:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3932:
3920:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3840:Dealbanisation
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3762:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3710:
3704:May Revolution
3695:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3674:Staples thesis
3671:
3666:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3530:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3506:modern history
3497:
3496:
3489:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3452:
3450:Paradigm shift
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3220:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:Annales school
3132:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3106:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2999:Constitutional
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2935:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2875:Postage stamps
2872:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2789:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Oral tradition
2669:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:Historiography
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2423:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2386:New York Times
2379:
2378:External links
2376:
2375:
2374:
2363:Art in America
2359:
2345:
2338:
2327:
2320:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2270:
2267:
2255:
2254:
2240:
2233:
2219:
2209:French History
2205:
2190:
2183:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2142:
2139:French History
2123:
2110:
2103:
2093:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2050:
2036:
2015:
2003:(4): 379–403.
1997:French History
1988:
1978:French History
1974:
1960:
1953:
1943:
1929:
1919:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1879:
1857:
1845:
1836:
1827:McLynn, Frank.
1824:
1814:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:Staging Empire
1777:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1702:
1689:
1676:
1671:(1927) p. 558
1660:
1647:
1634:
1627:French History
1618:
1593:
1575:
1562:
1549:
1536:
1516:
1501:
1475:
1462:
1435:(2): 114–134.
1415:
1385:
1376:
1368:
1350:
1341:
1325:
1318:
1300:
1287:
1261:
1248:
1239:
1235:French History
1226:
1213:
1200:
1183:
1179:French History
1170:
1161:
1153:Dominic Lieven
1145:
1138:
1118:
1105:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1061:
1041:
1028:
1003:
985:
976:
964:
948:
935:
917:
913:French History
904:
888:
874:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
861:
856:
850:
844:
837:
834:
779:, Ingres, 1806
714:Main article:
711:
708:
661:Main article:
658:
655:
580:
577:
502:modern Germany
477:
474:
396:Main article:
393:
390:
353:André de Lorde
345:Edmond Rostand
335:Maurice Barrès
294:
291:
250:Main article:
247:
244:
235:Paul Schroeder
220:Louis Bergeron
204:Vincent Cronin
153:" (1814) and "
101:Francisco Goya
87:
84:
82:
79:
74:Paul Delaroche
51:French emperor
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7657:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7617:
7608:
7598:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7570:
7569:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7522:
7520:
7518:
7514:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7471:Les Invalides
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7434:
7429:
7426:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7384:Jewish people
7382:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7358:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7341:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7249:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7221:
7220:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7180:
7175:
7172:
7166:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7043:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7021:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6909:
6906:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6878:
6873:
6871:
6866:
6864:
6859:
6858:
6855:
6842:
6834:
6832:
6824:
6823:
6819:
6809:
6806:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6763:
6759:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6708:
6704:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6667:Merton thesis
6665:
6664:
6662:
6657:
6653:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6619:Panbabylonism
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6550:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6501:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6347:
6340:
6336:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6182:
6181:United States
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6143:
6135:
6130:
6127:
6123:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6062:
6061:Bolivarianism
6059:
6055:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6044:Simon Bolivar
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5976:
5975:Joseph Stalin
5973:
5969:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5878:
5874:
5867:
5863:
5848:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:Post-Cold War
5768:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5744:Falklands War
5742:
5740:
5739:Iran–Iraq War
5737:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5687:Ongoing Nakba
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5650:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:Western Front
5616:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5599:Bengal famine
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5513:The Holocaust
5510:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5464:Eastern Front
5462:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5336:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5250:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5195:Paris Commune
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5180:Turning point
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5132:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5084:18th and 19th
5082:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5029:Islamic views
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5001:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4963:
4958:
4956:
4951:
4949:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4929:
4925:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4799:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4758:
4753:
4752:Ser de España
4750:
4746:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4722:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4613:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4573:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4343:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:Ottoman claim
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4150:Prosopography
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4104:
4103:Trưng sisters
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3850:Habsburg myth
3848:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3758:United States
3755:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3719:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3691:Latin America
3688:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3311:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:Transnational
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3174:Decoloniality
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:Historiometry
3153:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3125:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3099:Periodization
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Sigillography
2883:
2881:
2880:Prosopography
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:Local history
2755:
2751:
2750:Human history
2748:
2747:
2746:
2745:World history
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:, May 7, 2021
2387:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:online review
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:(4): 747–73.
2152:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:(3): 110–22.
2025:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1880:9781355218760
1876:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1854:. Oxford U.P.
1853:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:History Today
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:History Today
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1489:
1488:www.brown.edu
1485:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:History Today
1466:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1362:. Macmillan.
1361:
1354:
1351:
1348:Cohen (2021).
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1319:9780674987210
1315:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:Mark Bryant,
1217:
1214:
1210:
1209:History Today
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:Jean Tulard,
1109:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1006:
1000:
996:
989:
986:
980:
977:
971:
969:
965:
962:
959:(2007) p. 47
958:
952:
949:
946:(2008), p. 39
945:
939:
936:
933:
930:
928:
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570:
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554:Machiavellism
551:
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540:(1762-1814),
539:
536:(1769-1860),
535:
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452:and his son,
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6268:Christianity
6258:Resurrection
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5889:Adolf Hitler
5718:Six-Day War
5714:Algerian War
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5644:Vichy France
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5539: /
5427:World War II
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4785:Ghaza thesis
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4670:White legend
4668: /
4666:Black legend
4621:Soviet Union
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4432:Indocentrism
4406:
4387:
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4254:Sinocentrism
4115:Ancient Rome
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3046:Quantitative
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2965:Intellectual
2931: /
2927: /
2913: /
2911:Anthropology
2865:Phaleristics
2858:preservation
2853:Oral history
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2762:Microhistory
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2082:Geyl, Pieter
2074:
2067:
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2019:
2000:
1996:
1977:
1963:
1946:
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1915:
1898:– via
1892:. Retrieved
1866:
1850:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1807:
1788:, pp 25, 29.
1785:
1780:
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853:Napoleonland
849:, a painting
830:
813:
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435:middle class
427:independence
424:
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408:legal reform
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366:Belle Époque
364:
361:Napoléonette
360:
351:(1900), and
348:
338:
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281:
268:
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175:
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126:
118:
113:megalomaniac
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7530:Bonapartism
7431: [
7401:Protestants
7177: [
7163: [
7040: [
6953:Napoleon II
6786:Hagiography
6547: [
6507:Early Islam
6361: [
6253:Historicity
6231:Historicity
6221:Jane Austen
6201:The Beatles
6171:Netherlands
6132: [
6129:Zhuge Liang
6120: [
6108: [
6105:Yuan Shikai
6076: [
6073:Sun Yat Tse
6052: [
6015: [
5978: [
5966: [
5963:Jiang Zemin
5934: [
5922: [
5914:Che Guevara
5647: [
5582:Pacific War
5366:Article 231
5356:Reparations
5333: [
5297: [
5274:Color books
5263:World War I
5247: [
5224:War of 1812
5129: [
5112: [
5097:(1792–1815)
5068:Sea Peoples
5053:Gallic Wars
4755: [
4743: [
4730:Revisionist
4719: [
4710:Reconquista
4700: [
4692:Inquisition
4686:Convivencia
4610: [
4598: [
4570: [
4467:Revisionism
4392: [
4340: [
4328: [
4316: [
4297: [
4239:Golden ages
4208: [
4205:Wunu School
4200:Archaeology
4073:Switzerland
4056:Kosovo Myth
4044:Great Union
4025: [
4010:Philippines
3993:Nationalist
3966:Ages of Man
3938: [
3926: [
3914: [
3892: [
3880: [
3716: [
3713:Revisionist
3605: [
3542:Renaissance
3407:Coloniality
3375: [
3363: [
3355:Historicity
3279:Revisionist
3269:Pop history
3240:Nationalist
3214: [
3159:Cliometrics
3127:Approaches,
3083:Methodology
2979:Linguistics
2929:Environment
2895:Vexillology
2818:Diplomatics
2801:Chorography
2740:Big History
2692:War diaries
2665:Illuminated
2660:Manuscripts
2645:Hieroglyphs
2525:historicity
2439:In Our Time
1513:May 6, 2021
1338:May 6, 2021
1198:pp. 101–06.
1196:online free
1081:Hanson 2003
824:Charlemagne
458:native born
223: [
216:Jean Tulard
167:imperialism
145:Bonapartism
72:version by
42:version by
7629:Categories
7562:Propaganda
7096:Coronation
6841:Multimedia
6660:Technology
6624:Urreligion
6527:Kharijites
6478:Background
6146:Historical
6117:Zhou Enlai
6012:Mao Zedong
6007:Louis Riel
5780:Background
5631:Guilty Men
5573:Uniqueness
5496:Background
5491:Winter War
5415:Background
5348:Versailles
5202:Great Game
4849:Ricardians
4844:Tudor myth
4562:Partitions
4155:Succession
3445:Narratives
3430:Presentism
3386:Philosophy
3206:Humanistic
3094:Case study
3026:Indigenous
3004:Diplomatic
2948:Capitalism
2848:Onomastics
2806:Chronology
2635:Facsimiles
2620:Chronicles
2518:historians
2489:Historians
2408:Alan Schom
672:Bas-relief
450:Charles IV
378:President
323:Boulangism
284:caricature
271:propaganda
7160:2nd exile
7143:1st exile
7054:Consulate
6974:Brothers:
6940:Children:
6629:Perennial
6418:Economics
6370:Feudalism
6156:Australia
5904:Aurangzeb
5880:Political
5870:By person
5551:Pius Wars
5346:Treaty of
5005:conflicts
4812:Poor Laws
4675:Hispanism
4552:Sarmatism
4382:Sonderweg
4140:Expansion
3865:Litvinism
3699:Argentina
3533:Long 18th
3416:Dark Ages
3196:Historism
2994:Political
2933:Geography
2870:Philology
2833:Genealogy
2828:Epigraphy
2771:By source
2610:Artifacts
2419:Booknotes
2371:0004-3214
2167:154508777
2084:(1982) .
1889:566100622
1603:cite book
1449:0017-811X
1101:Bonaparte
1013:cite book
900:, Vol. 26
820:Charles V
562:Sonderweg
528:into the
7635:Napoleon
7607:Category
7412:Slavery
6997:Sisters:
6901:timeline
6884:Napoleon
6831:Category
6746:template
6460:Religion
6311:Socrates
6226:Muhammed
6148:rankings
6029:Napoleon
5847:Category
5665:Cold War
5568:Slovakia
5155:Waterloo
5024:Crusades
4969:Military
4817:Scotland
4775:Kemalist
4097:Nam tiến
4092:Vietnam
4082:Ukraine
4040:Romania
4022:Portugal
3948:Georgia
3923:Medieval
3872:Bulgaria
3861:Belarus
3846:Austria
3652:Americas
3620:Morocco
3616:Ethiopia
3395:Specific
3318:Concepts
3223:Leninist
3181:Feminist
3169:Critical
3016:Feminism
2989:Military
2943:Business
2938:Economic
2920:Cultural
2904:By topic
2890:Toponymy
2838:Heraldry
2786:template
2733:By scale
2655:Logbooks
2640:Features
2605:Archives
2202:30087873
2062:20175154
1916:Napoleon
1864:(eds.).
1830:Napoleon
1818:Napoleon
1808:Napoleon
1746:(2006).
1533:20457177
1408:13 April
1402:Archived
1058:42843569
884:Napoleon
836:See also
742:Napoleon
349:L'Aiglon
343:(1897),
333:(1893),
276:rhetoric
171:jingoism
40:romantic
7616:Commons
7586:Studies
7128:Tactics
7111:Holland
6966:Mother:
6958:Father:
6766:Related
6656:Science
6301:Madonna
6273:Judaism
6236:Judaism
6068:Saladin
5958:Hypatia
5882:leaders
5806:Related
5759:Origins
5722:Origins
5673:Origins
5229:Origins
5175:Origins
5041:Origins
4903:Oceania
4866:British
4804:Kingdom
4447:Ireland
4354:Germany
4062:Sweden
3935:New Age
3911:Ancient
3907:Europe
3903:Croatia
3835:Albania
3828:Eurasia
3630:Rwanda
3328:General
3228:Marxist
3129:schools
2958:Thought
2925:Ecology
2687:Scrolls
2625:Codices
2593:Sources
2532:history
2509:History
2357:1843116
2318:2929218
2231:1986040
2181:excerpt
1972:3143913
1941:4546142
1894:15 June
1774:excerpt
1719:1900548
1457:1327640
1280:27 June
1194:(1921)
636:Leipzig
597:Prussia
593:Austria
476:Germany
129:liberal
127:French
76:in 1848
70:realist
46:in 1805
6927:Wives:
6919:Family
6392:Salons
6194:Others
6161:Canada
5795:Causes
5732:Causes
5707:Causes
5501:Spirit
5435:Causes
5405:Causes
5270:Causes
5239:Causes
5212:Causes
5190:Causes
5121:Causes
4868:Empire
4802:United
4768:Turkey
4583:Russia
4557:Deluge
4540:Poland
4280:France
4078:Taiwan
4051:Serbia
3857:Balhae
3708:Causes
3659:Canada
3593:Egypt
3586:Africa
3110:Tarikh
3031:Labour
3021:Gender
3011:Social
2811:dating
2677:Papyri
2600:Annals
2369:
2355:
2316:
2252:650852
2250:
2229:
2200:
2187:online
2165:
2109:(2015)
2101:online
2070:(2012)
2060:
1970:
1951:online
1939:
1927:online
1887:
1877:
1834:online
1822:online
1812:online
1717:
1673:online
1591:
1531:
1455:
1447:
1366:
1316:
1136:
1116:(1984)
1103:(1978)
1056:
1001:
961:online
601:Russia
587:. The
579:Poland
7579:Penis
7495:Milan
7435:]
7428:Women
7377:Tiara
7360:Views
7181:]
7174:Death
7167:]
7044:]
6639:Roman
6551:]
6365:]
6278:Islam
6248:Jesus
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4659:Spain
4614:]
4602:]
4574:]
4481:Italy
4419:India
4396:]
4344:]
4332:]
4320:]
4301:]
4212:]
4187:China
4029:]
3988:Korea
3983:Japan
3972:Iran
3961:Greek
3942:]
3930:]
3918:]
3896:]
3889:Early
3884:]
3745:Casta
3720:]
3642:Maafa
3609:]
3379:]
3367:]
3218:]
3058:Women
3053:Urban
3041:Rural
3036:LGBTQ
2792:Books
2630:Deeds
2567:Types
2353:JSTOR
2314:JSTOR
2248:JSTOR
2227:JSTOR
2198:JSTOR
2163:S2CID
2058:JSTOR
1968:JSTOR
1937:JSTOR
1871:(PDF)
1715:JSTOR
1529:JSTOR
1494:6 May
1453:JSTOR
1054:JSTOR
870:Notes
630:Many
446:Spain
227:]
7567:Tomb
7186:mask
7082:1815
7077:1804
7072:1802
7067:1799
6730:list
5325:1917
4337:Lyon
3808:Eras
3727:Peru
3462:list
3409:and
3289:Whig
2496:list
2367:ISSN
1896:2021
1885:OCLC
1875:ISBN
1613:link
1609:link
1589:ISBN
1496:2021
1445:ISSN
1410:2012
1364:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1282:2008
1134:ISBN
1023:link
1019:link
999:ISBN
693:sell
623:and
599:and
464:and
355:and
169:and
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2428:at
2416:on
2269:Art
2213:doi
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2028:doi
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