1740:(1861-1865), silver coins were legal tender only up to the sum of $ 5. Before 1853, when U.S. silver coins were reduced in weight 7%, coins had exactly their value in metal (from 1830 to 1852). Two silver 50 cent coins had exactly $ 1 worth of silver. A gold U.S. dollar of 1849 had $ 1 worth of gold. With the flood of gold coming out of the California mines in the early 1850s, the price of silver rose (gold went down). Thus, 50 cent coins of 1840 to 1852 were worth 53 cents if melted down. The government could increase the value of the gold coins (expensive) or reduce the size of all U.S. silver coins. With the reduction of 1853, a 50-cent coin now had only 48 cents of silver. This is the reason for the $ 5 limit of silver coins as legal tender; paying somebody $ 100 in the new silver coins would be giving them $ 96 worth of silver. Most people preferred bank check or gold coins for large purchases.
470:
precise equivalent (½p, 1p, 2p – equal to 1.2d (old pence), 2.4d and 4.8d respectively) were introduced on 15 February 1971. The smallest and largest non-decimal circulating coins, the half penny and half crown, were withdrawn in 1969, and the other non-decimal coins with no precise equivalent in the new currency (1d, 3d) were withdrawn later in 1971. Non-decimal coins with precise decimal equivalents (6d ( = 2½p), 1 and 2 shillings) remained legal tender either until the coins no longer circulated (1980 in the case of the 6d), or the equivalent decimal coins were reduced in size in the early 1990s. The 6d coin was permitted to remain in large circulation throughout the United
Kingdom due to the
259:
1158:
700:. Some currency issuers, particularly the Scottish banks, issue special commemorative banknotes which are intended for ordinary circulation (though no Scottish banknotes nor notes from Northern Ireland are legal tender in the United Kingdom). As well, some standard coins are minted on higher-quality dies as uncirculated versions of the coin, for collectors to purchase at a premium; these coins are nevertheless legal tender. Some countries issue precious-metal coins which have a currency value indicated on them which is far below the value of the metal the coin contains: these coins are known as
772:
which payment will take place before the contract for supply of the goods or services is entered into. If a provider of goods or services specifies other means of payment prior to the contract, then there is usually no obligation for legal tender to be accepted as payment. This is the case even when an existing debt is involved. However, refusal to accept legal tender in payment of an existing debt, where no other means of payment/settlement has been specified in advance, conceivably could have consequences in legal proceedings.
1917:'s government announced demonetisation following almost 500% inflation in the country. People of the country were given 3 days to get rid of the 100 Bolivar notes (most widely used currency) post the introduction of new note of higher denominations. As of 15 June 2017, there has been 7 extensions (one per month) of the legal use of the 100 bolivares bill notes. The 100 Bolivar notes were still legal tender as of 30 December 2017.
3763:
1952:
1853:
86:
45:
1255:(of the Royal Navy) was sworn in as Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand). The English Laws Act 1858 subsequently confirmed that English legislation passed prior to 14 January 1840 was and had been the law of New Zealand, as applicable to local circumstances. The (UK) Coinage Act 1816 therefore applied and British coins were confirmed as legal tender in
188:
653:
Canadian $ 1,000 bills remain legal tender even if they are removed from circulation as they arrive at a bank. However, Bank of
England notes that are withdrawn from circulation generally cease to be legal tender but remain redeemable for current currency at the Bank of England itself or by post. All paper and polymer issues of
1792:, the "Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the right to issue notes to be legal tender for the payment of public and private debt. Legal-tender notes are treasury notes or banknotes that, in the eyes of the law, must be accepted in the payment of debts." The ruling in the Legal Tender Cases (which include
1828:
The principal purpose of that statute is to ensure the nationwide acceptance of U.S. currency, consistent with constitutional language that reserves to
Congress the power to create a uniform currency that holds the same value throughout the United States. While the statute provides that U.S. money is
1824:
Contrary to common misconception, there is no federal law stating that a private business, a person, or a government organization must accept currency or coins for payment. Private businesses are free to create their own policies on whether they accept cash, unless there is a specific state law which
1778:
Following the Civil War, paper currency was disputed as to whether it must be accepted as payment. In 1869, Hepburn v. Griswold found that Henry
Griswold would not have to accept paper currency because it could not truly be "legal tender" and was unconstitutional as a legally enforceable means to pay
891:
In the case of coins of a denomination greater than $ 10, a payment is a legal tender for no more than the value of a single coin of that denomination. Where more than one amount is payable by one person to another on the same day under one or more obligations, the total of those amounts is deemed to
652:
Banknotes and coins may be withdrawn from circulation, but remain legal tender. United States banknotes issued at any date remain legal tender even after they are withdrawn from circulation. Canadian 1- and 2-dollar bills remain legal tender even if they have been withdrawn and replaced by coins, but
425:
Thousand-guilder notes are being declared invalid. That'll be a blow to the black marketeers and others like them, but even more to people in hiding and anyone else with money that can't be accounted for. To turn in a thousand-guilder bill, you have to be able to state how you came by it and provide
1361:
As of 2005, banknotes were legal tender for all payments, and $ 1 and $ 2 coins were legal tender for payments up to $ 100, and 10c, 20c, and 50c silver coins were legal tender for payments up to $ 5. These older-style silver coins were legal tender until
October 2006, after which only the new 10c,
1281:
banknotes legal tender and authorizing the government to issue debentures in small denominations, thus creating two sets of legal tender. These debentures were circulated but were traded at a discount to their face value because of distrust of the colonial government amongst the settler population.
962:
Council
Regulation (EC) No 974/98 limits the number of coins that can be offered for payment to fifty. Governments that issue the coins must establish the euro as the only legal tender. Due to variations on the legislative meaning of legal tender in various member states and the ability of contract
580:
does redeem all Bank of
England banknotes by exchanging them for legal tender currency at its counters in London (or by post) regardless of how old they are. Banknotes issued by retail banks in the UK (Scotland and Northern Ireland) are not legal tender, but one of the criteria for legal protection
1598:
Legal tender is solely for the guaranteed settlement of debts, and does not imply a right to pay with cash in other contexts. There is a misconception that somebody due to be paid a certain amount of money—such as a shopkeeper—must accept legal tender if proffered for payment; in reality the payee
1345:
In 1964, the
Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act re-stated that only notes issued by the Reserve Bank were legal tender. The Act also ended the right of individuals to redeem their bank notes for coin, effectively ending the distinction between coin and notes in New Zealand. The Act came into force in
584:
In the case of the euro, coins and banknotes of former national currencies were in some cases considered legal tender from 1 January 1999 until various dates in 2002. Most countries continued to exchange pre-euro notes and coins for a period of time; only
Ireland continues to do so. Legally, those
771:
establishes that
Australian banknotes and coins have legal tender status, Australian banknotes and coins do not necessarily have to be used in transactions and refusal to accept payment in legal tender is not unlawful. A provider of goods or services is at liberty to set the commercial terms upon
469:
in 1971. Banknotes remained unchanged (except for the replacement of the 10 shilling note by the 50 pence coin). In 1968 and 1969 decimal coins which had precise equivalent values in the old currency (5p, 10p, 50p – 1, 2, and 10 shillings respectively) were introduced, while decimal coins with no
426:
proof. They can still be used to pay taxes, but only until next week. The five-hundred notes will lapse at the same time. Gies & Co. still had some unaccounted-for thousand-guilder bills, which they used to pay their estimated taxes for the coming years, so everything seems to be above board.
1657:
are also legal tender for any amount. Although it is not specifically mentioned on them, the face values of gold coins are 50p; £1; £2; and £5, a mere fraction of their worth as bullion. Five pound coins, although legal tender, are intended as souvenirs and are almost never seen in circulation.
1341:
was established. The bank was given a monopoly on the issue of legal tender. The Reserve Bank also provided a mechanism through which the other issuers of legal tender could phase out their bank notes. These banknotes were convertible into British legal tender on demand at the Reserve Bank and
474:
committee's large investment in coin-operated ticketing machines that used it. Old coins returned to the Royal Mint through the UK banking system will be redeemed by exchanging them for legal tender currency with no time limits; but coins issued before 1947 have a higher value for their silver
397:
Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender. It occurs whenever there is a change of national currency: The current form or forms of money is or are pulled from circulation and retired, often to be replaced with new notes or coins. Sometimes, a country
627:
as an emergency issue after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The intent of the overprints was to easily distinguish United States dollars captured by the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the event of an invasion of Hawaii (which never happened) and render the notes worthless via demonetisation.
305:
from a debtor to a creditor. Sellers offering to enter into contractual relationship, such as a contract for the sale of good, do not need to accept legal tender and may instead require payment using electronic methods, foreign currencies or any other legally recognized object of value.
1438:
from 1976, recalled by the National Bank in 2000 and the eighth series from the 1990s which was withdrawn in 2021, are both no longer legal tender, but banknotes from both series can be exchanged for current notes indefinitely at branches of the Swiss National Bank or at cantonal banks.
1727:
laid down that coins denominated above 10 pence became legal tender for payment not exceeding 10 pounds, non-bronze coins denominated not more than 10 pence became legal tender for payment not exceeding 5 pounds, and bronze coins became legal tender for payment not exceeding 20 pence.
802:. There were, however, some restrictions on their issue and other provisions for the protection of the public. Queensland Treasury notes were issued by the Queensland Government and were legal tender in that state. Notes of both categories continued in circulation until 1910, when the
297:
determines what is legal tender, but essentially it is anything which when offered ("tendered") in payment of a debt extinguishes the debt. There is no obligation on the creditor to accept the tendered payment, but the act of tendering the payment in legal tender discharges the debt.
826:
imposed a tax of 10%, per annum, on "all bank notes issued or re-issued by any bank in the Commonwealth after the commencement of this Act, and not redeemed". These Acts effectively put an end to the issue of notes by the trading banks and the Queensland Treasury.
1044:), namely: coins denominated above 10 pence became legal tender for payment not exceeding £10, coins denominated not more than 10 pence became legal tender for payment not exceeding £5, and bronze coins became legal tender for payment not exceeding 20 pence.
1807:
United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes and dues. Foreign gold or silver coins are not legal tender for
963:
law to overrule the status of legal tender, it is possible for merchants to choose to refuse to accept euro banknotes and coins within specific countries within the Eurozone. For example, the Netherlands, Italy, Belgium, Finland, and Ireland have
1825:
says otherwise. For example, a bus line may prohibit payment of fares in cents or dollar bills. In addition, movie theaters, convenience stores, and gas stations may refuse to accept large denomination currency as a matter of policy or safety.
989:
domestic currency to ensure monetary stability and to continue to avoid the high/hyper inflation seen in preceding decades: this means that the euro is not a legal tender there, however it is treated as such by the government and the people.
863:
victims; however, official policy suggests that the retailers should evaluate the impact of that approach. In the case that no mutually acceptable form of payment can be found for the tender, the parties involved should seek legal advice.
859:. However, commercial transactions may legally be settled in any manner agreed by the parties involved with the transactions. For example, convenience stores may refuse $ 100 bank notes if they feel that would put them at risk of being
398:
completely replaces the old currency with new currency. The opposite of demonetization is remonetization, in which a form of payment is restored as legal tender. Coins and banknotes may cease to be legal tender if new notes of the same
1767:. The 1861 Demand Notes were a huge success but robbed the customs house of much needed gold coin (interest on most bonds back then was paid in gold). A money-strapped Congress, which had to pay for the war, eventually adopted the
2346:
687:
and other methods of exchange. In modern usage, the term usually refers to financial transactions conducted by transfer of digital information (usually an electronic representation of money) between the transacting parties.
324:, and similar non-cash methods of payment are usually not. Some jurisdictions may include a specific foreign currency as legal tender, at times as its exclusive legal tender or concurrently with its domestic currency.
3571:
Act to authorize the Issue of United States Notes, and for the Redemption or Funding thereof, and for Funding the Floating Debt of the United States. 37th Congress, 2d Session, Ch. 33, 12 Stat. 345. [Legal Tender
1756:) at first traded for 97 cents on the dollar but gained/lost value depending on fortunes of the Union army. The value of Legal Tender Greenbacks swung wildly but trading was from 85 to 33 cents on the gold dollar.
611:
became worthless by its own terms after the war, since it could only be redeemed a stated number of years after a peace treaty was signed between the Confederacy and the United States (which never happened, as
635:
applies to all US coins and currency regardless of age. The closest historical equivalent in the US, other than Confederate money, was from 1933 to 1974, when the government banned most private ownership of
3526:
1747:
notes), which were not redeemable in gold and silver coins but could be used to pay "all dues" to the federal government. Since land purchases and duties on imports were payable only in gold or the new
1330:
In 1914, the Banking Amendment Act gave legal-tender status to bank notes from any issuer and removed the requirement that banks authorized to issue bank notes must redeem them on demand for gold (the
871:, there are limits to the value of a transaction for which only coins are used. A payment in coins is a legal tender for no more than the following amounts for the following denominations of coins:
1202:
On 6 June 1966, India devalued the rupee. To avoid following this devaluation, several of the states using the rupee adopted their own currencies. Qatar and most of the Trucial States adopted the
696:
Sometimes currency issues such as commemorative coins or transfer bills may be issued that are not intended for public circulation but are nonetheless legal tender. An example of such currency is
2194:. Barnouw, David,, Stroom, Gerrold van der,, Paape, A. H. (Abraham Harry), 1925-2001,, Hardy, H. J. J.,, Pomerans, Arnold,, Mooyaart-Doubleday, B. M. (The revised critical ed.). New York.
3490:
1150:
In 1837, the Indian rupee was made the sole official currency of the Straits Settlements, as it was administered as a part of India. In 1845, the British replaced the Indian rupee with the
1040:
The Decimal Currency Act, 1970 governed legal tender prior to the adoption of the euro and laid down the analogous provisions as in United Kingdom legislation (all inherited from previous
3196:
2397:
2338:
1236:
outlined a scheme for holders of such banknotes to either deposit them into their bank accounts for full, unlimited value, or to exchange the banknotes for new, subject to a cap.
568:
and 50 centavo coins of the Flora and Fauna Series in 2000, due to overminting of the coins of the BSP Series that has not included the 2 peso and 50 centavo coins of that series.
3036:, the 21st version: "The full text of 134 Articles amended and promulgated by President Order Hua-Tsung (1) Yi-Tzu No. 09500075641 on November 7, 2007 and enforced accordingly".
1665:
are legal tender in England and Wales and are issued in the denominations of £5, £10, £20 and £50. Banknotes can always be redeemed at the Bank of England even if discontinued.
1386:) of 24 May 1985. However, no-one is obliged to accept more than 25 coins of each denomination (of which currently 1, 5, 10 and 20 NOK denominations are in common circulation).
3341:
3315:
1453:
The Swiss franc is also the currency used for administrative and accounting purposes by most of the numerous international organisations that are headquartered in Switzerland.
904:
serves as the unlimited legal tender for all transactions. It is illegal for any public institution or individual to refuse the currency when settling public or private debts.
581:
under the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act is that banknotes must be payable on demand, therefore withdrawn notes remain a liability of the issuing bank without any time limits.
1210:. Only Oman continued to use the Gulf rupee until 1970, with the government backing the currency at its old peg to the pound. Oman later replaced the Gulf rupee with its own
1799:
On the other hand, coins made of gold or silver may not necessarily be legal tender, if they are not fiat money in the jurisdiction where they are proffered as payment. The
1323:
The 1893 Bank Note Issue Act allowed the government to declare a bank's right to issue legal tender. This enabled the government to make such a declaration to assist the
2709:
1225:
1032:
and such persons as may be designated by the Minister by order, shall be obliged to accept more than 50 coins denominated in euro or in cent in any single transaction."
3577:
Act to authorize an additional Issue of United States Notes, and for other purposes. 37th Congress, 2d Session, Ch. 142, 12 Stat. 532 [Second Legal Tender Act]
2843:
2227:
985:, which are not members of the European Union and the Eurozone and do not have a formal monetary agreement with the EU, unilaterally adopted the euro in 2002 as their
1173:
came into existence, initially using Indian coins and Indian currency notes simply overstamped with the word "Pakistan". New coins and banknotes were issued in 1948.
451:. People having 100 francs were allowed to exchange up to 2000 francs per household for new banknotes. Banks added withdrawal limits and current accounts were frozen.
951:
on 1 January 2002. Although one side of the coins is used for different national marks for each country, all coins and all banknotes are legal tender throughout the
2520:
2231:
1783:
in 1870, which overturned the previous ruling and established the paper currency as constitutional and proper legal tender that must be accepted in all situations.
2936:
2567:
3457:
2762:
2223:
1775:
backed only by treasury securities and compelled the people to accept the new notes at a discount; prices rose except for those who had gold and/or silver coins.
1472:
543:
were then not legal tender, but all banknotes and coins were redeemable for euros for a minimum of 10 years (for certain notes and coins, there is no time limit).
3010:
1842:
1282:
In 1845 the British Colonial office disallowed the Ordinance, namely the Debentures Act 1844 (NZ), and the debentures were recalled, not without first causing a
3515:
455:
2020:
955:. Although some eurozone countries do not put 1 cent and 2 cent coins into general circulation (prices in those countries are by general understanding always
3367:
3608:
1342:
remained so until the 1938 Sterling Exchange Suspension Notice that suspended provisions of a 1936 amendment of the 1933 Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act.
1297:
was disbanded; and through the Paper Currency Act 1856 the Union Bank was confirmed once again as an issuer of legal tender. The Act also authorized the
1188:
Amendment Act of 1 May 1959. This creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain put on India's foreign reserves by gold smuggling.
657:
banknotes issued from 1967 onwards (and 1- and 2-dollar notes until 1993) are still legal tender; however, 1-, 2- and 5-cent coins are no longer used in
1599:
may choose to refuse or accept any specific type of payment, whether legal tender or not. As a specific instance, following the outbreak in 2020 of the
1028:, which replaced the legal tender provisions that had been re-enacted in Irish legislation from previous British enactments, "No person, other than the
831:
expressly prohibits persons and states from issuing "a bill or note for the payment of money payable to bearer on demand and intended for circulation".
794:
consisted of bank notes payable in gold coin and issued by the trading banks, and Queensland Treasury notes. Bank notes circulated in all states except
1409:
are exchangeable at par without charge in both countries. As such, the currency of one country is accepted in the other country as "customary tender".
3951:
2791:
2890:
1715:
In the 19th century, gold coins were legal tender to any amount, but silver coins were not legal tender for sums over £2 nor bronze for sums over 1
1684:
3479:
1600:
3582:
Act to provide Ways and Means for the Support of the Government. 37th Congress, 3d Session, Ch. 73, 12 Stat. 709 [Third legal Tender Act]
458:
on 26 October 1970, demonetized all currency notes of the denominations of Rupees 50 and 100, bearing a date prior to that of the demonetization.
3188:
3132:
3029:
596:, it still circulated in the northern Kurdish regions, despite lacking government backing it had a stable market value for more than a decade.
209:
196:
1752:, the Demand Notes were bought by importers and land speculators for about 97 cents on the gold dollar and never lost value. 1862 greenbacks (
2292:
1929:
1595:: a debtor cannot successfully be sued for non-payment if they pay the exact amount (change cannot be demanded) into court in legal tender.
1337:
In 1933, the Coinage Act authorized a specific New Zealand coinage and removed legal-tender status from British coins. In the same year the
975:
to the nearest multiple of 5 cents. National laws may also impose restrictions as to maximal amounts that can be settled by coins or notes.
3165:
757:
739:(Cth) similarly provides that Australian coins intended for general circulation are also legal tender, but only for the following amounts:
613:
608:
388:
2476:
258:
3253:
1674:
is legal tender but may not be accepted by retailers and is worth much more than face value due to its rarity value and silver content.
1630:
921:
546:
1157:
3058:
1813:
1634:
1484:
1015:
2649:
3431:
3401:
2812:
2376:
2199:
2174:
1900:
1691:
could order debts to be paid in currencies other than sterling under certain circumstances, overturning two centuries of precedent.
1638:
1264:
245:
227:
169:
72:
2369:
The Official Red Book. A Guide Book Of United States Paper Money: Complete Source for History, Grading, and Prices (Second Edition)
1247:
has a complex history of legal tender. English law applied, as applicable to local circumstances, either from 6 January 1840 (when
3745:
1650:
1642:
1320:
were created by Acts of Parliament and authorized to issue bank-notes backed by gold, however these notes were not legal tender.
3561:
2623:
2597:
2452:
2422:
3601:
3363:
2940:
3092:
2701:
2148:
2070:
1878:
498:
announced that the old notes would be withdrawn and exchanged with new notes. The old notes featured the previous president,
107:
2835:
266:, showing the phrase "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private, and is redeemable in lawful money at the
572:
Individual coins or banknotes can be demonetised and cease to be legal tender (for example, the pre-decimal United Kingdom
274:." This phrase was subsequently shortened in later issues to "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private."
150:
3902:
3807:
2541:
2131:
1874:
1704:
1021:
600:
263:
103:
58:
2517:
1796:) led later courts to "support the federal government's invalidation of gold clauses in private contracts in the 1930s."
490:
and spread to other large cities in the northwest. On February 4, 1981 at a commemoration of 20 years of struggle by the
122:
4008:
2991:
2980:
2969:
2944:
2563:
1985:
1980:
1679:
1646:
1435:
1358:. Also passed in 1964 was the Decimal Currency Act, which created the basis for a decimal currency, introduced in 1967.
1317:
1313:
1161:
Indian rupees were stamped with Government of Pakistan to be used as legal tenders in the new state of Pakistan in 1947.
848:
702:
286:
3453:
2731:
1688:
1662:
1611:
1338:
1260:
466:
444:
407:
3045:
3007:
2016:
2679:
129:
3594:
3553:
495:
482:, South African intelligence produced and disseminated counterfeit Angolan currency. In late 1980, counterfeit 100
502:, while the new notes showed him and dos Santos in profile, which became a standard feature on other designations.
2065:
1355:
1298:
1041:
808:
419:
3355:
1668:
To meet the legal definition of legal tender, the exact amount due must be tendered; no change can be demanded.
1080:
are not legal tender in India. Both the Nepalese rupee and Bhutanese ngultrum are pegged with the Indian rupee.
4088:
3991:
3929:
3522:
3486:
1937:
1863:
1576:
1140:
2897:
1431:. Any payment consisting of up to 100 Swiss coins is legal tender; banknotes are legal tender for any amount.
549:. This action affected 86 per cent of all cash in circulation. The demonetisation action was intended to curb
136:
2857:
1882:
1867:
1623:
1309:
1271:
1263:, established in 1934, did not have the right to issue coins as legal tender. Coins had to be issued by the
1218:
1029:
852:
814:
803:
573:
96:
2784:
4050:
3979:
3939:
3397:
2390:
2317:
2092:
1940:
is also issuing the ZiG, a digital token backed by gold, which has also been granted legal tender status.
1619:
1615:
1294:
1290:
1274:
started issuing bank notes under provisions of British law but these were not automatically legal tender.
1006:. Anyone refusing such coins for their whole value would be prosecuted (French Penal Code art. R. 642–3).
999:
267:
749:
Not exceeding 10 times the face value if the coins offered are greater than 50c up to and including $ 10,
118:
4083:
4033:
1788:
1700:
1500:
1233:
1185:
676:
624:
1833:
of cash payments, nor does it provide that restrictions cannot be imposed upon the acceptance of cash.
301:
It is generally only mandatory to recognize the payment of legal tender in the discharge of a monetary
3912:
3732:
1970:
1933:
1743:
During the early part of the war, the federal government first issued United States Notes (the first
1278:
271:
3124:
3026:
2496:
4060:
2245:
2097:
1800:
1772:
1579:. These were printed in 6 denominations – 1, 5, 10, 20,100 and 1000 baht – in two types printed by
1556:
1324:
1305:
1181:
1084:
1025:
632:
557:, the hoarding of unaccounted cash, and sponsorship of terrorism, but also led to long queues from
31:
2396:. Institute for Business in the Global Context, The Fletcher School, Tufts University. p. 9.
3822:
3617:
3335:
2217:
2127:
1780:
1768:
1753:
1737:
1488:
1379:
1347:
1166:
1136:
1077:
959:), 1 cent and 2 cent coins from other eurozone countries remain legal tender in those countries.
604:
554:
471:
3157:
1154:
after administration of the Straits Settlements separated from India earlier in that same year.
644:
purposes. Now, however, even surviving pre-1933 gold coins are legal tender under the 1964 act.
561:, leaving more than 30 people dead. The old notes were replaced by new 500 and 2000 rupee notes.
402:
replace them or if a new currency is introduced replacing the former one. Examples of this are:
2473:
1184:
as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation exclusively outside the country with the
4093:
4055:
4001:
3964:
3849:
3812:
2754:
2746:
2372:
2298:
2288:
2205:
2195:
2170:
1744:
1476:
1468:
1462:
1128:
724:
589:
550:
479:
64:
3245:
3066:(in Thai). ราชกิจจานุเบกษา เล่ม ๔๕ หน้าที่ ๒๕ – ๓๙ วันที่ ๑๕ เมษายน พ.ศ. ๒๔๗๑. Archived from
1327:
when in 1895 the bank encountered financial difficulties that could have led to its failure.
4038:
4023:
3968:
3919:
3881:
3871:
3100:
2280:
1975:
1764:
1402:
1003:
670:
436:
3390:"FRB: Is it legal for a business in the United States to refuse cash as a form of payment?"
3067:
2645:
1083:
The Indian rupee used to be an official currency of several other countries, including the
414:
banknotes were demonetised, and after liberation, 100-guilder notes were also demonetised.
4018:
3946:
3876:
3854:
3827:
3653:
3625:
3565:
3033:
3014:
2995:
2984:
2973:
2524:
2480:
2152:
1699:
Royal Mint coins are legal tender in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but no banknotes are.
1626:
1603:, many shops chose not to accept any form of cash due to the risk of infection, accepting
1371:
1170:
1124:
1120:
840:
799:
779:
577:
565:
521:
506:
487:
143:
3423:
3389:
2808:
3218:
2923:"Law regarding Norges Bank and monetary issues of 1985-05-24 no. 28, §14 (in Norwegian)"
4045:
4028:
4013:
3659:
1654:
1252:
1207:
1196:
1151:
1112:
1096:
1073:
944:
929:
844:
775:
529:
499:
483:
432:
384:
1759:
This resulted in a situation in which the greenback "Legal Tender" notes of 1862 were
1401:
have a Currency Interchangeability Agreement since 12 June 1967. Under the agreement,
4077:
3703:
3558:
2619:
2589:
2444:
2414:
1653:
are legal tender in amounts up to 20 pence. In accordance with the Coinage Act 1971,
1517:
1447:
1443:
1406:
1331:
1221:
1192:
1191:
Kuwait and Bahrain eventually replaced the Gulf rupee with their own currencies (the
972:
956:
448:
392:
3516:"INTRODUCTION OF THE ZIMBABWE GOLD-BACKED DIGITAL TOKEN (ZiG) AS A MEANS OF PAYMENT"
2922:
1350:
five-dollar banknotes and greater, all decimal coins, the pre-decimal sixpence, the
1270:
The history of bank notes in New Zealand was considerably more complex. In 1840 the
3934:
3924:
3768:
3104:
2144:
1957:
1671:
1604:
1248:
1203:
1053:
925:
697:
620:
514:
510:
380:
294:
2246:"Anne Frank The Diary Of A Young Girl : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
2060:
1817:
1763:, and so gold and silver were held, and paper circulated at a discount because of
2732:"Council Regulation (EC) No 974/98 of 3 May 1998 on the introduction of the euro"
3834:
3788:
3740:
3687:
3682:
1990:
1852:
1829:
legal tender that may be accepted for the payment of debts, it does not require
1749:
1724:
1720:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1256:
1244:
1229:
1002:
of 1807 (art. 475, 11°). In 1870, legal tender was extended to all notes of the
913:
860:
658:
654:
641:
462:
321:
85:
2537:
2119:
3996:
3984:
3784:
3758:
3641:
3635:
2167:
Dollar Default: How the Federal Reserve and the Government Betrayed Your Trust
1947:
1760:
1211:
1177:
982:
940:
795:
525:
415:
17:
3189:"Shops refusing to take cash even as Covid restrictions lift, watchdog finds"
2988:
2977:
2966:
2758:
2750:
2302:
2284:
3974:
2209:
1914:
1580:
1572:
1394:
1088:
791:
728:
3581:
3576:
3570:
2339:"Demonetisation: 33 deaths since government scrapped Rs 500, Rs 1000 notes"
2277:
Paying for Hitler's war : the consequences of Nazi hegemony for Europe
1707:
banknotes are widely accepted but are not legal tender anywhere in the UK.
1251:
by proclamation annexed New Zealand) or from 14 January 1840 (when Captain
585:
coins and banknotes were considered non-decimal sub-divisions of the euro.
1226:
INR 500 and INR 1000 banknotes would no longer be accepted as legal tender
1199:) after gaining independence from Britain in 1961 and 1965, respectively.
3844:
3802:
3797:
3664:
2671:
1965:
1925:
1716:
1541:
later changed in 1928 to be in line with The Currency Act, B.E. 2471 to:
1510:
1351:
1144:
1092:
998:
Legal tender was enacted the first time for gold and silver coins in the
952:
948:
901:
680:
637:
558:
536:
399:
313:
778:
prohibits the sending of coins or banknotes, of any country, except via
1506:
1104:
917:
411:
3907:
3866:
3817:
3709:
3676:
3586:
1719:. This provision was retained in revised form at the introduction of
1480:
1398:
1375:
1180:, also known as the Persian Gulf rupee (XPGR), was introduced by the
1100:
1069:
978:
856:
684:
631:
Demonetisation is currently prohibited in the United States, and the
317:
3008:
Article 13 of The Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Act
316:
are usually defined as legal tender in many countries, but personal
746:
Not exceeding $ 5 if any of 5c, 10c, 20c and 50c coins are offered,
3779:
3715:
2868:
1283:
1156:
1132:
1108:
1065:
1061:
282:
257:
3027:
Legislative History of the Civil Servants Election And Recall Act
1591:
In the UK legal tender specifically relates to the settlement of
1301:
to issue legal tender - but this bank ceased operations in 1861.
798:, but were not legal tender except for a brief period in 1893 in
547:
India demonetised its 500 and 1000 rupee notes on 8 November 2016
3886:
3839:
3670:
3647:
2937:"Currency Interchangeability Agreement – Brunei Notes and Coins"
1592:
1442:
The Swiss franc is also the legal tender of the Principality of
593:
540:
491:
309:
302:
290:
3590:
2965:
Art. 3 of the Swiss law on Monetary Unit and means of payment.
2169:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. 15–16.
287:
courts of law are required to recognize as satisfactory payment
3721:
2389:
Chakravorti, Bhaskar; Mazzotta, Benjamin D. (September 2013).
1846:
1483:. However, since 2007, candidates to become civil servants in
1362:
20c and 50c coins, introduced in August 2006, remained legal.
1293:
became the only issuer of legal tender. In 1856, however, the
1116:
181:
79:
38:
2275:
Scherner, Jonas; White, Eugene Nelson, eds. (21 March 2016).
1475:
is legal tender for all payments within the territory of the
1304:
Between 1861 and 1874, a number of other banks including the
3158:"What are the legal tender amounts acceptable for UK coins?"
2809:"Area handbook Series/ Bhutan (Nepal and Bhutan) / Glossary"
1505:
Series 2 banknotes first issued in 1925 during the reign of
1277:
In 1844, ordinances were passed by NZ Parliament making the
822:
prohibited the circulation of state notes as money, and the
30:
This article is about the payment medium. For the song, see
3278:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. pp. 108–109
435:'s measure of demonetizing 100-guilder notes was aimed at
2702:"Bitcoin legal tender in El Salvador, first country ever"
2492:
1575:
design with twelve rays, and the back, depictions of the
900:
In the People's Republic of China, the official currency
752:
To any value for coins of other denominations above $ 10.
3559:
The Royal Mint – Legal tender status of stamps in the UK
3046:
Article 32 of the Civil Servants Election And Recall Act
1228:
with a view to curb counterfeiting, tax evasion and the
478:
As part of their economic warfare operations during the
2867:(2652). New Delhi: 3–4. 8 November 2016. Archived from
971:
removed the use of 1 cent and 2 cent coins and adopted
675:
A cashless society describes an economic state whereby
205:
2620:"Currency Counterfeiting – Frequently Asked Questions"
1522:สัญญาจะจ่ายเงินให้แก่ผู้นำบัตรนี้มาขึ้นเป็นเงินตราสยาม
924:
had voted 62–22 to pass a bill submitted by President
3316:"What Is A 'Legal Tender Law'? And, Is It A Problem?"
2891:"Reserve Bank of New Zealand: Bulletin Vol. 66 No. 1"
731:. Australian notes are legal tender by virtue of the
679:
are not conducted with money in the form of physical
2785:
Report of the Euro legal tender expert group (ELTEG)
2518:"Dangerous and prohibited goods and packaging guide"
2145:"Tender Definition & Meaning" in Merriam-Webster
743:
Not exceeding 20c if 1c and/or 2c coins are offered,
683:
or coins. Cashless societies have existed, based on
3895:
3778:
3731:
3696:
3624:
3097:
Banknotes > History and Series of Banknotes >
2318:"Economic Destabilization: The Counterfeit Kwanzas"
599:This is also true of the paper money issued by the
110:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3480:"ISSUANCE AND USAGE OF GOLD-BACKED DIGITAL TOKENS"
2858:"EXTRAORDINARY PART II—Section 3—Sub-section (ii)"
2836:"The reputation of India as a soft state is over"
727:, comprising notes and coins, is legal tender in
3394:Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
3340:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2270:
2268:
2266:
2055:
2053:
2051:
1928:has a multi-currency system that recognizes the
360:is related to the etymology of the English word
1805:
423:
2540:. Commonwealth of Australia. 10 October 1910.
1473:Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
576:or the Bank of England 1 pound note), but the
3602:
947:became legal tender in most countries of the
456:Prevention of the Avoidance of Income Tax Act
8:
3454:"GOVT EXTENDS MULTI CURRENCY SYSTEM TO 2030"
3322:. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018
3291:. Santa Barbara: ABC CLIO, 2009. pp. 250–251
2739:Official Journal of the European Communities
2279:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
760:from February 1992 but remain legal tender.
735:(Cth) s 36(1), without an amount limit. The
3554:The Royal Mint – UK Legal Tender Guidelines
2885:
2883:
2881:
2226:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1881:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1064:. The Indian rupee is also legal tender in
892:be one amount due and payable on that day.
73:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3693:
3609:
3595:
3587:
2527:, 'Australia Post', Accessed: 31 July 2015
2230:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2222:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1645:are legal tender in amounts up to £5; and
1545:
614:the Confederacy was defeated and dissolved
3300:Zywicki, Todd. "Article I, Section 8" in
2367:Friedberg, Arthur L. & Ira S. (2008)
1901:Learn how and when to remove this message
1843:2013–present economic crisis in Venezuela
246:Learn how and when to remove this message
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
170:Learn how and when to remove this message
3109:The design was printed on both sides....
2043:Monetary Policy and the Financial System
875:$ 40 if the denomination is $ 2 to $ 10,
3152:
3150:
3119:
3117:
2493:"Reserve Bank of Australia – Home Page"
2391:"THE COST OF CASH IN THE UNITED STATES"
2045:, p. 14, Prentice-Hall, 3rd ed. (1974).
2001:
1637:are legal tender in amounts up to £10;
1629:are legal tender in unlimited amounts.
1346:1967, establishing as legal tender all
1167:partition of India and Pakistan in 1947
881:$ 10 if the denomination is 10c to $ 1,
447:demonetized banknotes greater than 100
445:recently repatriated Belgian government
262:Detail of the obverse of a Series 1950
3333:
3302:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
2797:from the original on 16 December 2011.
2765:from the original on 30 September 2012
2215:
1786:With the 1884 Supreme Court ruling in
623:the United States printed a series of
475:content than for their monetary value.
3975:Commodity theory of money (Metallism)
3256:from the original on 30 November 2020
3219:"Coinage Act 1971 c. 24 (as amended)"
3199:from the original on 16 February 2023
2815:from the original on 9 September 2009
2712:from the original on 17 February 2023
2682:from the original on 23 December 2015
2570:from the original on 25 December 2014
2544:from the original on 27 November 2014
2403:from the original on 1 December 2016.
2349:from the original on 30 December 2017
2073:from the original on 13 December 2014
1547:ธนบัตรเป็นเงินที่ชำระหนี้ได้ตามกฎหมาย
7:
3532:from the original on 10 October 2023
3460:from the original on 28 October 2023
3456:. NewsdzeZimbabwe. 27 October 2023.
3434:from the original on 21 January 2017
3424:"Is it Legal to Refuse Cash Payment"
3404:from the original on 21 January 2017
3370:from the original on 24 January 2017
2790:(Report). European Commission. n.d.
1879:adding citations to reliable sources
1022:Economic and Monetary Union Act 1998
957:rounded to whole multiples of 5 cent
640:, including gold coins held for non-
454:The Government of Ceylon passed the
389:Withdrawal of low-denomination coins
108:adding citations to reliable sources
3060:พระราชบัญญัติเงินตราพุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๑
916:became the first country to accept
393:Deplatforming § Demonetization
352:(to stretch out), and the sense of
27:Medium of payment recognized by law
3304:. Regnery Publishing, 2014. p. 147
3187:Shah, Furvah (10 September 2021).
3168:from the original on 3 August 2020
3103:. 23 February 2012. Archived from
2846:from the original on 23 June 2017.
2834:Trivedi, Sudhanshu (6 June 2017).
2626:from the original on 22 March 2010
2325:Covert Action Information Bulletin
2134:from the original on 6 April 2024.
1485:elections in the Republic of China
1016:Coinage of the Republic of Ireland
884:$ 5 if the denomination is 5c, and
851:issued under the authority of the
408:Nazi occupation of the Netherlands
25:
3952:Akkadian standards of measurement
3496:from the original on 10 June 2023
3135:from the original on 9 April 2019
2652:from the original on 16 June 2011
2600:from the original on 16 June 2019
2425:from the original on 16 June 2019
2023:from the original on 2 March 2012
1509:and continuing into the reign of
790:In 1901, notes in circulation in
54:This article has multiple issues.
3761:
2622:. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca. 10 July 2006.
2190:Frank, Anne, 1929-1945. (2003).
1950:
1930:Zimbabwean dollar (2019–present)
1851:
878:$ 25 if the denomination is $ 1,
186:
84:
43:
3638:(W. Mesoamerica & N. Andes)
3364:U.S. Department of the Treasury
3314:Lewis, Nathan (18 April 2017).
2941:Monetary Authority of Singapore
2499:from the original on 2 May 2010
2455:from the original on 9 May 2019
1610:Throughout the United Kingdom,
1378:according to the Central Bank (
1249:the Governor of New South Wales
1206:, whilst Abu Dhabi adopted the
95:needs additional citations for
62:or discuss these issues on the
1932:, the US dollar and the gold (
1259:. (Unusually, until 1989, the
887:25c if the denomination is 1c.
1:
3955:
3903:List of historical currencies
3808:Central bank digital currency
3276:Banks and Politics in America
2566:. Commonwealth of Australia.
1695:Scotland and Northern Ireland
1413:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
601:Confederate States of America
592:ceased to be legal tender in
564:The Philippines has ceased 2
422:entry on 19 March 1943 notes:
264:United States ten-dollar bill
4009:Standard of deferred payment
1986:Standard of deferred payment
1981:Postage stamp demonetization
1680:Miliangos v George Frank Ltd
1427:is the only legal tender in
1318:Colonial Bank of New Zealand
1314:National Bank of New Zealand
703:non-circulating legal tender
2745:(L 139): 1–5. 11 May 1998.
2564:"The Australian Note Issue"
2124:Legal Information Institute
1339:Reserve Bank of New Zealand
920:as legal tender, after the
648:Withdrawal from circulation
539:which were replaced by the
467:pounds, shillings and pence
461:The United Kingdom adopted
4110:
2316:Weir, Andy (August 1981).
2093:"The euro as legal tender"
1840:
1553:This note is legal tender
1498:
1460:
1434:The sixth series of Swiss
1416:
1013:
758:withdrawn from circulation
668:
378:
368:Withdrawal and replacement
29:
3756:
3289:The Encyclopedia of Money
3013:28 September 2018 at the
2538:"Bank Notes Tax Act 1910"
2155:. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
2066:Reserve Bank of Australia
2017:"Legal Tender Guidelines"
1561:silver in payment of debt
1546:
1521:
1374:(NOK) is legal tender in
1060:legal tender currency in
829:The Reserve Bank Act 1959
820:Australian Notes Act 1910
809:Australian Notes Act 1910
756:The 1c and 2c coins were
486:notes began to appear in
3992:Quantity theory of money
3813:Chattel/movable property
3523:Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
3487:Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
3059:
2994:28 December 2005 at the
2983:28 December 2005 at the
2285:10.1017/CBO9781107279131
1938:Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
1936:) as legal tender. The
1769:Legal Tender Act of 1862
1577:Royal Ploughing Ceremony
1224:announced that existing
843:banknotes issued by the
200:may need to be rewritten
3125:"What is legal tender?"
2972:28 October 2005 at the
2646:"Canada's currency act"
2192:The diary of Anne Frank
1779:debts. This led to the
1310:Bank of New South Wales
1272:Union Bank of Australia
1030:Central Bank of Ireland
853:Royal Canadian Mint Act
824:Bank Notes Tax Act 1910
815:Bank Notes Tax Act 1910
804:Commonwealth Parliament
535:Currencies used in the
532:in the 1990s and 2000s.
496:Jose Eduardo dos Santos
443:On 6 October 1944, the
4051:Complementary currency
3980:Credit theory of money
3940:Depository institution
3398:Federal Reserve System
3225:. HM Stationery Office
1822:
1569:
1539:
1487:may no longer pay any
1383:
1295:Colonial Bank of Issue
1291:Colonial Bank of Issue
1162:
677:financial transactions
625:Hawaii overprint notes
428:
336:is from Middle French
275:
268:United States Treasury
4034:Digital gold currency
3564:29 April 2012 at the
3356:"Legal Tender Status"
3107:on 30 December 2017.
3093:"Banknotes, Series 2"
2592:Reserve Bank Act 1959
2523:28 March 2015 at the
2479:12 March 2011 at the
2417:Reserve Bank Act 1959
2151:24 April 2009 at the
1913:On 11 December 2016,
1794:Juilliard v. Greenman
1789:Juilliard v. Greenman
1687:established that the
1663:Bank of England notes
1543:
1515:
1501:History of Thai money
1234:Reserve Bank of India
1204:Qatar and Dubai riyal
1186:Reserve Bank of India
1160:
765:Reserve Bank Act 1959
733:Reserve Bank Act 1959
340:(verb form), meaning
261:
3913:Coincidence of wants
3733:Representative money
3250:www.scotbanks.org.uk
2865:The Gazette of India
2811:. Country-data.com.
2345:. 16 November 2016.
2165:Cross, Bill (2012).
1971:Economy monetization
1934:Mosi-oa-Tunya (coin)
1875:improve this section
1583:of London, England.
1390:Singapore and Brunei
1217:On 8 November 2016,
922:Legislative Assembly
855:are legal tender in
692:Commemorative issues
609:Confederate currency
272:Federal Reserve Bank
104:improve this article
4061:Time-based currency
3131:. 30 January 2020.
3073:on 24 February 2013
2874:on 9 November 2016.
2451:. 21 October 2016.
2371:Whitman Publishing
2098:European Commission
1801:Coinage Act of 1965
1773:United States Notes
1631:Twenty pence pieces
1557:literal translation
1531:bearer on demand in
1325:Bank of New Zealand
1306:Bank of New Zealand
1265:Minister of Finance
1182:Government of India
1141:British East Africa
1085:Straits Settlements
1026:Republic of Ireland
1010:Republic of Ireland
633:Coinage Act of 1965
588:When the so-called
364:(to hold outward).
32:Legal Tender (song)
3930:Clearinghouse bank
3618:Medium of exchange
3525:. 5 October 2023.
3366:. 4 January 2011.
3223:Legislation.gov.uk
3032:3 May 2020 at the
2840:The Indian Express
2128:Cornell Law School
1803:states (in part):
1781:Legal Tender Cases
1754:Legal Tender Notes
1738:American Civil War
1635:fifty pence pieces
1513:added the legend:
1450:with Switzerland.
1348:New Zealand dollar
1163:
1137:British Somaliland
1078:Bhutanese ngultrum
605:American Civil War
472:London Underground
276:
4071:
4070:
4056:Sectoral currency
4002:Market monetarism
3965:Code of Hammurabi
3754:
3753:
3746:Gold certificates
3489:. 28 April 2023.
2596:. 14 April 2015.
2474:CURRENCY ACT 1965
2447:Currency Act 1965
2421:. 14 April 2015.
2343:indianexpress.com
2294:978-1-107-04970-3
2041:Paul M. Horvitz,
1911:
1910:
1903:
1639:five pence pieces
1477:Republic of China
1469:New Taiwan dollar
1463:New Taiwan dollar
1129:Aden Protectorate
1048:Republic of India
1020:According to the
1000:French Penal Code
769:Currency Act 1965
737:Currency Act 1965
725:Australian dollar
714:Status by country
551:counterfeit notes
480:Angolan Civil War
289:for any monetary
256:
255:
248:
238:
237:
230:
210:lead layout guide
180:
179:
172:
154:
77:
16:(Redirected from
4101:
4039:Virtual currency
4024:Digital currency
3960:
3957:
3920:Bureau de change
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3697:Domestic animals
3694:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3520:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3484:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3400:. 17 June 2011.
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3311:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3246:"Legal Position"
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3101:Bank of Thailand
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3065:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3024:
3018:
3005:
2999:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2943:. Archived from
2933:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2896:. Archived from
2895:
2887:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2862:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2708:. 10 June 2021.
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2672:"中华人民共和国人民币管理条例"
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
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2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2528:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2489:
2483:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2380:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2272:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2250:Internet Archive
2242:
2236:
2235:
2221:
2213:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2162:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2057:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2013:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1855:
1847:
1820:
1725:Coinage Act 1971
1721:decimal currency
1677:In a 1976 case,
1643:ten pence pieces
1612:Royal Mint coins
1571:The front has a
1565:according to law
1549:
1548:
1535:currency of Siam
1523:
1446:, which is in a
1403:Singapore dollar
1384:Sentralbankloven
1230:parallel economy
1004:Banque de France
928:classifying the
671:Cashless society
665:Cashless society
522:successor states
507:successor states
463:decimal currency
410:, 500- and 1000-
251:
244:
233:
226:
222:
219:
213:
206:improve the lead
190:
189:
182:
175:
168:
164:
161:
155:
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112:
88:
80:
69:
47:
46:
39:
21:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4089:Monetary reform
4074:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4019:Unit of account
3958:
3891:
3877:Promissory note
3855:Deposit account
3828:Cheque clearing
3782:
3774:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3750:
3727:
3692:
3660:Precious metals
3627:
3620:
3615:
3566:Wayback Machine
3550:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3518:
3514:
3513:
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3497:
3493:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3428:Federal Reserve
3422:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3360:Resource Center
3354:
3353:
3349:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3286:
3282:
3274:Hammond, Bray.
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3193:The Independent
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3129:Bank of England
3123:
3122:
3115:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3034:Wayback Machine
3025:
3021:
3015:Wayback Machine
3006:
3002:
2996:Wayback Machine
2985:Wayback Machine
2974:Wayback Machine
2964:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2947:on 27 July 2014
2935:
2934:
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2921:
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2778:
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2734:
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2725:
2715:
2713:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2618:
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2613:
2603:
2601:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2525:Wayback Machine
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:Wayback Machine
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2428:
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2413:
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2408:
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2393:
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2239:
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2202:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2153:Wayback Machine
2143:
2139:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1999:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1923:
1907:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1872:
1856:
1845:
1839:
1821:
1812:
1734:
1713:
1697:
1655:gold sovereigns
1651:two pence coins
1589:
1503:
1497:
1465:
1459:
1421:
1415:
1392:
1372:Norwegian krone
1368:
1286:among holders.
1242:
1171:Pakistani rupee
1050:
1038:
1018:
1012:
996:
938:
910:
898:
841:Canadian dollar
837:
800:New South Wales
788:
780:registered post
721:
716:
694:
673:
667:
650:
578:Bank of England
395:
377:
370:
330:
252:
241:
240:
239:
234:
223:
217:
214:
203:
191:
187:
176:
165:
159:
156:
113:
111:
101:
89:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4107:
4105:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4076:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4046:Local currency
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4029:Cryptocurrency
4021:
4016:
4014:Store of value
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3977:
3972:
3969:§100; §122–125
3962:
3959: 2150 BC
3949:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:(Tibet, China)
3719:
3713:
3707:
3700:
3698:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3667:(cotton cloth)
3662:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3556:
3549:
3548:External links
3546:
3544:
3543:
3507:
3471:
3445:
3415:
3381:
3347:
3306:
3293:
3287:Allen, Larry.
3280:
3267:
3236:
3210:
3179:
3162:The Royal Mint
3146:
3113:
3084:
3050:
3038:
3019:
3000:
2958:
2928:
2914:
2903:on 15 May 2010
2877:
2849:
2826:
2800:
2776:
2723:
2693:
2676:www.pbc.gov.cn
2663:
2637:
2611:
2581:
2555:
2529:
2510:
2495:. Rba.gov.au.
2484:
2466:
2436:
2406:
2381:
2360:
2330:
2308:
2293:
2262:
2237:
2200:
2182:
2175:
2157:
2137:
2120:"legal tender"
2111:
2084:
2061:"Legal Tender"
2047:
2034:
2019:. Royal Mint.
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1945:
1942:
1922:
1919:
1909:
1908:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1841:Main article:
1838:
1835:
1814:31 U.S.C.
1810:
1733:
1730:
1712:
1709:
1705:Northern Irish
1696:
1693:
1689:English courts
1685:House of Lords
1601:covid pandemic
1588:
1587:United Kingdom
1585:
1527:Promise to pay
1499:Main article:
1496:
1493:
1471:issued by the
1461:Main article:
1458:
1455:
1417:Main article:
1414:
1411:
1391:
1388:
1367:
1364:
1241:
1238:
1219:Prime Minister
1208:Bahraini dinar
1197:Bahraini dinar
1152:Straits dollar
1131:(now parts of
1113:Trucial States
1074:Nepalese rupee
1049:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1011:
1008:
995:
992:
937:
934:
930:cryptocurrency
912:In June 2021,
909:
906:
897:
894:
889:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
845:Bank of Canada
836:
833:
787:
784:
776:Australia Post
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
720:
717:
715:
712:
693:
690:
669:Main article:
666:
663:
649:
646:
570:
569:
562:
544:
533:
530:Yugoslav dinar
528:replacing the
518:
513:replacing the
503:
500:Agostinho Neto
476:
459:
452:
437:war profiteers
433:Piet Lieftinck
430:
429:
385:Remonetisation
376:
375:Demonetization
373:
369:
366:
329:
326:
254:
253:
236:
235:
218:September 2022
195:The article's
194:
192:
185:
178:
177:
119:"Legal tender"
92:
90:
83:
78:
52:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
18:Legal currency
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4106:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
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4049:
4048:
4047:
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4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:; c. 1750 BC)
3970:
3966:
3963:
3953:
3950:
3948:
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3941:
3938:
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3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3914:
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3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
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3875:
3873:
3870:
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3863:
3860:
3856:
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3841:
3838:
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3833:
3829:
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3804:
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3777:
3770:
3759:
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3738:
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3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3704:Water buffalo
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3673:(Roman world)
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3644:(Mesoamerica)
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3607:
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3455:
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3357:
3351:
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3337:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3303:
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3284:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3255:
3251:
3247:
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3220:
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3211:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3180:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3151:
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3130:
3126:
3120:
3118:
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3110:
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3094:
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3069:
3062:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3031:
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3023:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2997:
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2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2899:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2827:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2599:
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2559:
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2539:
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2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2437:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2377:0-7948-2362-9
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2201:0-385-50847-6
2197:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2176:9781475261080
2172:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2130:. June 2020.
2129:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Gresham's law
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1905:
1902:
1894:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1860:This section
1858:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:Gresham's law
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1732:United States
1731:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1659:
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1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1605:payment cards
1602:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1542:
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1528:
1524:
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1508:
1502:
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1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:customs union
1445:
1444:Liechtenstein
1440:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1407:Brunei dollar
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1332:gold standard
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1299:Oriental Bank
1296:
1292:
1289:In 1847, the
1287:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Narendra Modi
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:Kuwaiti dinar
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:and parts of
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1001:
993:
991:
988:
984:
980:
976:
974:
973:cash rounding
970:
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766:
763:Although the
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590:"Swiss" dinar
586:
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563:
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548:
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531:
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517:in the 1990s.
516:
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281:is a form of
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208:and read the
207:
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121: –
120:
116:
115:Find sources:
109:
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99:
98:
93:This article
91:
87:
82:
81:
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67:
66:
61:
60:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4084:Business law
3935:Savings bank
3925:Central bank
3862:Legal tender
3861:
3769:Money portal
3534:. Retrieved
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3448:
3436:. Retrieved
3427:
3418:
3406:. Retrieved
3393:
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3359:
3350:
3324:. Retrieved
3319:
3309:
3301:
3296:
3288:
3283:
3275:
3270:
3258:. Retrieved
3249:
3239:
3227:. Retrieved
3222:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3192:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3161:
3137:. Retrieved
3128:
3108:
3105:the original
3096:
3087:
3077:12 September
3075:. Retrieved
3068:the original
3053:
3041:
3022:
3003:
2961:
2949:. Retrieved
2945:the original
2931:
2917:
2905:. Retrieved
2898:the original
2869:the original
2864:
2852:
2839:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2803:
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2742:
2738:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2705:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2675:
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2591:
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2572:. Retrieved
2558:
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2532:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2487:
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2457:. Retrieved
2446:
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2427:. Retrieved
2416:
2409:
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2368:
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2351:. Retrieved
2342:
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2253:. Retrieved
2249:
2240:
2191:
2185:
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2160:
2140:
2123:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2096:
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2064:
2042:
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
1958:Money portal
1924:
1912:
1897:
1888:
1873:Please help
1861:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1758:
1750:Demand Notes
1742:
1735:
1714:
1698:
1678:
1676:
1672:Maundy money
1670:
1667:
1660:
1609:
1597:
1590:
1570:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1529:(silver to)
1526:
1525:
1516:
1504:
1491:in coinage.
1466:
1452:
1441:
1433:
1422:
1393:
1369:
1360:
1344:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1303:
1288:
1276:
1269:
1261:Reserve Bank
1243:
1216:
1201:
1190:
1175:
1164:
1149:
1082:
1057:
1054:Indian rupee
1051:
1039:
1019:
997:
986:
977:
968:
964:
961:
939:
926:Nayib Bukele
911:
899:
890:
869:Currency Act
868:
866:
839:In general,
838:
828:
823:
819:
813:
807:
789:
774:
768:
764:
762:
755:
736:
732:
722:
707:
701:
698:Maundy money
695:
674:
651:
638:gold bullion
630:
621:World War II
618:
598:
587:
583:
571:
515:Soviet ruble
511:Soviet Union
465:in place of
431:
424:
396:
381:Monetisation
371:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:legal tender
333:
331:
322:credit cards
308:
300:
295:jurisdiction
279:Legal tender
278:
277:
270:, or at any
242:
224:
215:
204:Please help
199:
197:lead section
166:
157:
147:
140:
133:
126:
114:
102:Please help
97:verification
94:
70:
63:
57:
56:Please help
53:
36:
3887:Safekeeping
3741:Bimetallism
3656:(W. Africa)
3438:25 November
3203:16 February
2951:24 November
2686:13 February
2594:, s.43, 44"
2574:14 November
2548:14 November
1991:Seigniorage
1818:§ 5103
1736:Before the
1429:Switzerland
1425:Swiss franc
1419:Swiss franc
1257:New Zealand
1245:New Zealand
1240:New Zealand
1125:Aden Colony
914:El Salvador
908:El Salvador
861:counterfeit
806:passed the
659:New Zealand
655:New Zealand
603:during the
555:black money
406:During the
4078:Categories
3997:Monetarism
3985:Chartalism
3882:Redemption
3872:Possession
3835:Clay token
3688:Trade bead
3642:Cocoa bean
3626:Commodity
3536:9 November
3500:9 November
3464:9 November
3408:27 January
3374:27 January
3260:1 December
3139:1 December
2706:Mercopress
2419:, s.36(1)"
1891:April 2021
1831:acceptance
1771:, issuing
1723:, and the
1436:bank notes
1354:, and the
1279:Union Bank
1178:Gulf rupee
1072:, but the
1014:See also:
983:Montenegro
941:Euro coins
867:Under the
796:Queensland
642:numismatic
526:Yugoslavia
416:Anne Frank
379:See also:
160:April 2021
130:newspapers
59:improve it
3706:(SE Asia)
3636:Axe-money
3336:cite news
2998:versions.
2759:104948742
2751:0378-6978
2327:(13): 21.
2303:936255867
2255:26 August
2218:cite book
1915:Venezuela
1862:does not
1837:Venezuela
1745:greenback
1581:De La Rue
1573:guilloche
1533:(silver)
1395:Singapore
1380:Norwegian
1214:in 1970.
1115:(now the
1089:Singapore
945:banknotes
932:as such.
792:Australia
729:Australia
719:Australia
681:banknotes
559:bank runs
420:her diary
332:The term
328:Etymology
314:banknotes
65:talk page
4094:Currency
3845:Currency
3823:Clearing
3803:Banknote
3798:Bailment
3718:(Arabia)
3679:(barley)
3665:Quachtli
3572:Act]
3562:Archived
3527:Archived
3491:Archived
3458:Archived
3432:Archived
3402:Archived
3368:Archived
3254:Archived
3197:Archived
3166:Archived
3133:Archived
3030:Archived
3011:Archived
2992:Archived
2981:Archived
2970:Archived
2844:Archived
2813:Archived
2792:Archived
2763:Archived
2710:Archived
2680:Archived
2650:Archived
2624:Archived
2598:Archived
2568:Archived
2542:Archived
2521:Archived
2497:Archived
2477:Archived
2453:Archived
2423:Archived
2398:Archived
2379:, pg. 20
2353:27 March
2347:Archived
2210:51866807
2149:Archived
2132:Archived
2104:30 April
2077:30 April
2071:Archived
2021:Archived
1966:Currency
1944:See also
1926:Zimbabwe
1921:Zimbabwe
1811:—
1717:shilling
1701:Scottish
1661:Current
1627:sterling
1511:Rama VII
1495:Thailand
1352:shilling
1316:and the
1195:and the
1145:Zanzibar
1093:Malaysia
1058:de facto
987:de facto
969:de facto
953:eurozone
949:Eurozone
936:Eurozone
902:renminbi
812:and the
767:and the
574:farthing
537:Eurozone
400:currency
348:root is
342:to offer
3896:General
3850:Deposit
3840:Coinage
3712:(Hindu)
3654:Manilla
3172:9 April
2989:Italian
2716:11 June
2604:13 June
2459:13 June
2449:, s.16"
2429:13 June
1883:removed
1868:sources
1711:History
1647:pennies
1614:valued
1507:Rama VI
1489:deposit
1105:Bahrain
1056:is the
1036:History
1024:of the
965:de jure
918:Bitcoin
786:History
619:During
509:of the
412:guilder
350:tendere
318:cheques
293:. Each
144:scholar
3908:Barter
3867:Notary
3818:Cheque
3683:Shells
3677:Shekel
3650:(rice)
3326:4 June
3320:Forbes
3244:CSCB.
3229:19 May
2978:French
2967:German
2769:3 June
2757:
2749:
2656:8 July
2375:
2301:
2291:
2208:
2198:
2173:
2027:2 July
1816:
1808:debts.
1683:, the
1622:, and
1607:only.
1481:Taiwan
1457:Taiwan
1399:Brunei
1376:Norway
1366:Norway
1356:florin
1312:, the
1308:, the
1253:Hobson
1232:. The
1169:, the
1165:After
1143:, and
1111:, the
1101:Kuwait
1070:Bhutan
1042:UK law
994:France
979:Kosovo
857:Canada
835:Canada
818:. The
685:barter
607:. The
488:Huambo
484:Kwanza
449:francs
391:, and
362:extend
356:as an
354:tender
344:. The
338:tendre
146:
139:
132:
125:
117:
3789:Token
3780:Money
3716:Camel
3628:money
3530:(PDF)
3519:(PDF)
3494:(PDF)
3483:(PDF)
3071:(PDF)
3064:(PDF)
2907:3 May
2901:(PDF)
2894:(PDF)
2872:(PDF)
2861:(PDF)
2819:3 May
2795:(PDF)
2788:(PDF)
2735:(PDF)
2630:3 May
2503:3 May
2401:(PDF)
2394:(PDF)
2321:(PDF)
1997:Notes
1593:debts
1284:panic
1133:Yemen
1109:Qatar
1087:(now
1066:Nepal
1062:India
896:China
849:coins
358:offer
346:Latin
310:Coins
285:that
283:money
151:JSTOR
137:books
3947:Mint
3785:Fiat
3671:Salt
3648:Koku
3538:2023
3502:2023
3466:2023
3440:2022
3410:2017
3376:2017
3342:link
3328:2018
3262:2020
3231:2024
3205:2023
3174:2020
3141:2020
3079:2012
2987:and
2953:2014
2909:2010
2821:2010
2771:2009
2755:OCLC
2747:ISSN
2718:2021
2688:2016
2658:2011
2632:2010
2606:2019
2576:2014
2550:2014
2505:2010
2461:2019
2431:2019
2373:ISBN
2355:2018
2299:OCLC
2289:ISBN
2257:2020
2232:link
2228:link
2224:link
2206:OCLC
2196:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2106:2024
2079:2024
2029:2022
1866:any
1864:cite
1761:fiat
1703:and
1649:and
1641:and
1633:and
1518:Thai
1467:The
1423:The
1405:and
1397:and
1370:The
1212:rial
1176:The
1127:and
1121:Oman
1097:Iraq
1076:and
1068:and
1052:The
981:and
943:and
847:and
723:The
708:NCLT
594:Iraq
566:peso
553:and
541:euro
520:The
505:The
492:MPLA
312:and
303:debt
291:debt
123:news
3722:Yak
3710:Cow
2281:doi
1877:by
1334:).
1267:.)
1135:),
1119:),
1117:UAE
1095:),
967:or
706:or
616:).
524:of
418:in
106:by
4080::
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1620:£2
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