51:
the Vedas, the
Upanishads and other religious texts, it was a fertile field enriched by practitioners from different Hindu philosophical schools and later by Jains and Buddhists.Secular law in India varied widely from region to region and from ruler to ruler. Court systems for civil and criminal matters were essential features of many ruling dynasties of ancient India. Excellent vedic court systems existed under the Mauryas (321-185 BCE) with epics like
50:
India has a recorded legal history starting from the Vedic ages and some sort of civil law system may have been in place during the Bronze Age and the Indus Valley civilization. Law as a matter of religious prescriptions and philosophical discourse has an illustrious history in India. Emanating from
280:
In most of the traditional universities, the admission is done on the basis of an admission test to the constituent law college or a common admission test for its affiliated colleges. Some traditional universities and affiliated colleges also admits students on the basis of merit in the preceding
63:
defining royal duties. After the shift from Mughal legal system, the advocates under that regimen, “vakils”, too followed suit, though they mostly continued their earlier role as client representatives. The doors of the newly created
Supreme Courts were barred to Indian practitioners as right of
190:
approved one-year LLM courses in India on 6 September 2012 and the guideline for the same was notified in
January, 2013.“We have an immense problem with the faculty, especially with more than 900 plus law schools all over the country, we suffer for want of faculty. The curriculum needs to be
94:. The Bar Council also carries on a period supervision of the institutions conferring the degree and evaluates their teaching methodology and curriculum and having determined that the institution meets the required standards, recognizes the institution and the degree conferred by it.
199:
In India, a student can pursue a legal course only after completing an undergraduate course in any discipline. However, following the national law school model, one can study law as an integrated course of five years after passing the senior secondary examination.
113:
in terms of establishing specialized law universities solely devoted to legal education and thus to raise the academic standards of legal profession in India. This decision was taken somewhere in 1985 and thereafter the first law
University in India was set up in
210:- The LL.B. is the most common law degree offered and conferred by Indian universities which has a duration of three years. Almost all law universities follow a standard LL.B. curriculum, wherein students are exposed to the required bar subjects.
64:
audience was limited to members of
English, Irish and Scottish professional bodies. Subsequent rules and statutes culminating in the Legal Practitioners Act of 1846 which opened up the profession regardless of nationality or religion.
371:
122:(popularly 'NLS'). These law universities were meant to offer a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to legal education. It was therefore for the first time that a law degree other than LL.B. or B.L. was granted in India.
97:
Traditionally the degrees that were conferred carried the title of LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) or B.L. (Bachelor of Law). The eligibility requirement for these degrees was that the applicant already have a
83:
is the supreme regulatory body to regulate the legal profession in India and also to ensure the compliance of the laws and maintenance of professional standards by the legal profession in the country.
379:
102:
in any subject from a recognized institution. Thereafter the LL.B. / B.L. course was for three years, upon the successful completion of which the applicant was granted either degree.
146:
172:. Another essential difference that remains is that while the eligibility qualification for the three year law degree is that the applicant must already be a holder of a
176:, for being eligible for the five years integrated law degree, the applicant must have successfully completed Class XII from a recognized Boards of Education in India.
401:
266:
and the private autonomous law schools conduct their own admission tests. The other entrance exams available for admission to law courses in India include AILET,
164:, the traditional three year degree continues to be offered in India by other institutions and are equally recognized as eligible qualifications for practicing
216:- B.A. LL.B., B.Sc. LL.B., BBA. LLB., B.Com. LL.B., B.A.L. LL.B These degrees are mostly offered in the autonomous law schools having a duration of five years.
157:
became the first law school in India in 2007 to start integrated law in three different streams and honours specialisation; i.e. BA/BBA/B.Sc. LLB (Honours).
126:
offered a five years law course upon the successful completion of which an integrated degree with the title of "B.A., LL.B. (Honours)" would be granted.
123:
119:
110:
506:
441:
511:
318:
187:
409:
486:
71:, legal education has been traditionally offered as a three years graduate degree. However the structure has been changed since 1987.
531:
134:
142:
491:
161:
130:
28:
340:
263:
496:
293:
38:, a statutory body established under the section 4 of Advocates Act 1961. Any institution imparting legal education in
476:
179:
Both the holders of the three year degree and of the five year integrated degree are eligible for enrollment with the
90:
prescribes the minimum curriculum required to be taught in order for an institution to be eligible for the grant of a
372:"UGC releases guidelines and course structure for One Year LL.M degree; May be introduced from academic year 2013-14"
145:
offered for the first time in 2001 the integrated law degree of "B.B.A, LL.B. (Honours)" which was preceded by the
501:
481:
434:
274:
259:
253:
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regulated and we will have to gradually upscale and upgrade,” confessed erstwhile law minister, Veerappa Moily.
471:
461:
258:
As of 2012, admission to LLB and LLM in most of the autonomous law schools in India is based on performance in
133:
were set up, all offering five years integrated law degree with different nomenclature. The next in line was
79:
both on the aspect of legal education and also regulation of conduct of legal profession. Under the Act, the
229:
106:
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upon the fulfillment of eligibility conditions and upon enrollment, may appear before any court in India.
427:
180:
173:
99:
87:
80:
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in India are granted and conferred in terms of the
Advocates Act, 1961, which is a law passed by the
35:
76:
56:
243:-Generally a three years double degree integrated course with specialisation in business law.
205:
450:
150:
20:
225:- The LL.M. is most common postgraduate law degree which has a duration of one/two years.
109:
and also given the prevailing cry for reform the Bar
Council of India instituted upon an
220:
525:
347:
52:
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Announced that free online certified law courses will starts from July 1, 2022.
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419:
91:
72:
60:
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examination. Recently
Institute of Legal Education (ILE - Online Law School)
31:
only after completion of an undergraduate degree or as an integrated degree.
115:
141:
in 1997. It was followed by NALSAR university of law set up in 1998. The
27:
is offered at different levels by the traditional universities and the
138:
271:
169:
68:
39:
24:
267:
423:
19:
generally refers to the education of lawyers before entry into
402:"Conversation with Veerappa Moily Minister of Law and Justice"
165:
299:
Institute of Legal
Education (ILE - Online Law School)
147:
West Bengal
National University of Juridical Sciences
298:
282:
149:offering the "B.Sc., LL.B. (Honours)" degree.
42:must be approved by the Bar Council of India.
435:
34:Legal Education in India is regulated by the
8:
442:
428:
420:
29:specialised law universities and schools
310:
120:National Law School of India University
346:. Bar Council of India. Archived from
7:
105:However upon the suggestion by the
14:
277:Law entrance exams among others.
135:National Law Institute University
214:Integrated undergraduate degrees
143:National Law University, Jodhpur
319:"Brief History of law in India"
264:National Law University, Delhi
1:
294:List of law schools in India
241:Integrated MBL-LLM/ MBA-LLM.
236:Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
188:University Grants Commission
162:specialized law universities
548:
251:
458:
260:Common Law Admission Test
254:Common Law Admission Test
532:Legal education in India
270:, BVP CET and IPU, AUAT
17:Legal education in India
160:However, despite these
118:which was named as the
107:Law Commission of India
321:. Bar Council of India
230:Master of Business Law
131:other law universities
341:"Advocates Act, 1961"
262:(CLAT). However, the
23:. Legal education in
181:Bar Council of India
88:Bar Council of India
86:To this regard, the
81:Bar Council of India
36:Bar Council of India
382:on 3 February 2013
519:
518:
174:Bachelor's degree
100:Bachelor's degree
55:defining law and
539:
444:
437:
430:
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408:. Archived from
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378:. Archived from
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345:
337:
331:
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328:
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315:
206:Bachelor of Laws
195:Academic degrees
547:
546:
542:
541:
540:
538:
537:
536:
522:
521:
520:
515:
454:
451:Legal education
448:
418:
417:
406:Bar & Bench
400:
399:
395:
385:
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376:Bar & Bench
370:
369:
365:
356:
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350:
343:
339:
338:
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324:
322:
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312:
307:
290:
256:
250:
197:
151:KIIT Law School
48:
12:
11:
5:
545:
543:
535:
534:
524:
523:
517:
516:
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509:
507:United Kingdom
504:
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474:
469:
464:
459:
456:
455:
449:
447:
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412:on 2014-05-14.
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306:
303:
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249:
246:
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221:Master of Laws
217:
211:
196:
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47:
44:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
544:
533:
530:
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512:United States
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353:on 2008-08-19
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492:South Africa
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453:in the world
410:the original
405:
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384:. Retrieved
380:the original
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366:
355:. Retrieved
348:the original
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323:. Retrieved
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53:Arthashastra
49:
33:
16:
15:
487:Philippines
155:Bhubaneswar
129:Thereafter
73:Law degrees
57:Manusmrithi
386:9 February
357:2009-06-10
305:References
252:See also:
137:set up in
111:experiment
92:law degree
77:Parliament
61:Manusmriti
497:Sri Lanka
248:Admission
116:Bangalore
526:Category
477:Malaysia
325:22 April
288:See also
21:practice
223:(LL.M.)
208:(LL.B.)
46:History
502:Uganda
482:Norway
139:Bhopal
472:Japan
467:India
462:China
351:(PDF)
344:(PDF)
170:India
69:India
40:India
25:India
388:2013
327:2013
273:and
268:LSAT
186:The
275:AMU
168:in
166:law
124:NLS
67:In
59:or
528::
404:.
374:.
153:,
443:e
436:t
429:v
390:.
360:.
329:.
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