256:(1328–1373) was the uterine brother of his predecessor, and a great warrior. He was a handsome ruler who made a lasting impression. In a Year of the Snake, the Vietnamese invaded Champa and encircled the capital, which is here called Bal Suh. Po Binnasuar, however, sallied out and defeated the Viêt king, who had to return to his kingdom. The Vietnamese were massacred along the routes, their blood flooding the plains. At Bal Suh, their heads were arranged in mountain-high pyramids. After this grand victory, Po Binnasuar resolved to pursue the Vietnamese. At first the enterprise was crowned with overwhelming success. He took the Viêt king and subjugated Vietnam. Then, however, he obtained a consort there, which spelled his end as he was killed and beheaded. His body minus the head was taken back to Champa and buried in Boh Bariya in Phan Rang. His white cloths with gold edging were subsequently guarded day and night by the sexton of Boh Bariya. Some say that his head was preserved in a copper frame together with a shield and an old manuscript, at a place to the west of Phan Rang. Two chickens and five plates of rice were offered to the head twice per year to avoid illnesses. Po Binnasuar has often been identified with the historical ruler Che Bong Nga (c. 1360–1390) since the details of his exploits are rather similar. This has been denied by others who regard Po Binnasuar as a Panduranga ruler while Che Bong Nga ruled from Vijaya further to the north.
354:(1494–1530), or Kabih Kunarai, was the uterine brother of Po Kabrah. Unlike his predecessors, he was a redoubtable ruler, as expressed by the chronicle: “Then is seen a man with the aspect of a bull, large, tall, enormous, and with a male beauty, always sharpening his horns and preparing for battle.” He was feared by the Vietnamese, and was even characterized as the only Cham ruler they never dared attack. From other sources it is known that the Vietnamese were occupied by internal wars during much of the 16th century, which gave Champa a respite from attacks from the northern neighbour.
155:. He is also known as Tisundirai and is nicknamed the Leper King, since he was leprous in his youth. While the first four rulers are little more than names, Po Klaong Garay is a significant figure who is revered as one of the principal Cham deities. He was originally a buffalo caretaker called Ja Samang Ong who was elevated to the Cham throne, escorted by thousands of elephants. His royal destiny was demonstrated when two dragons appeared from the ground and licked his body (a similar story is told about the later king
284:, Vietnamese, and Takan (unidentified tribe) invaded in masses so that Champa was ruined. The capital Bal Anguai was conquered by the Vietnamese and disorder reigned. The description appears to refer to the fall of Vijaya which actually took place in 1471. The victorious Vietnamese ruler captured a daughter of Parican called Po Sah Ina, with whom he had a son Cau An. She is the subject of a long legend about her adventurous return to Champa, simultaneously with her brother Po Kasit's elevation as the new Cham ruler.
465:. In due time, Pau Kubah became king of Champa and married with Pau Mechat. The couple had several children, including a daughter who was desired by the Vietnamese ruler. Since Pau Kubah refused to agree to the marriage, the ruler took offence and invaded Champa. Eventually the treacherous Treasurer of Champa arranged for the gates of Yak to be opened, and the city was stormed by the Vietnamese. Pau Kubah was killed and his children scattered. Two of them, Indra Berma Shah and Shah Palembang, made it to
65:
49:, Amaravati, and Indrapura. The Chinese and Vietnamese annals, and local inscriptions, mention a long list of dated rulers over the centuries, although there are also many obscure points. A ruler who was known as "King of Champa" in the sources would have been based in either of the five named regions, emerging as the temporarily most important ruler in Champa. After the sack of the capital Vijaya in 1471 at the hands of the Vietnamese
61:
and annals. Early French scholars therefore drew the conclusion that the Cham king list had little historical value, or that the names were actually minor sub-rulers in
Panduranga. Later researchers, such as Po Dharma, have argued that the Cham chronicles only provide a list of Kings of Panduranga and not necessarily the main rulers of Champa, so that the indigenous tradition merits further historical research.
168:
301:
citadel, he hurried back to
Vietnam while leaving his son with his mother Po Sah Ina. Having returned to Vietnam, the Lê ruler abdicated, and the Vietnamese were thereafter busy for a long time, quarrelling about the succession. As for Po Kasit, he established a new capital in Byuh Bal Batsinang (Batthinang) which has been identified as Cham Phu Nhuan village,
410:
had suffered defeat after defeat, although Champa and
Vietnam were at peace at the moment. He left his residence Byuh Bal Batsinang and spent his time elsewhere, for unexplained reasons. External sources for this period of Champa's history are still very rare, but a Vietnamese chronicle mentions a Cham incursion over the border in 1578.
423:(1579–1603) replaced the short-lived Po Maho Sarak dynasty and founded a new lineage that ruled in Phan Rang and Phan Ri until 1622. From the late 16th century, external European and Asian sources about Champa become more common, and some details about Po Klaong Halau and his successors seem to be confirmed by other texts.
223:(1281–1306) who continued to reign from Bal Anguai. Another text says he resided in Gram Parik. In a Year of the Snake, the Vietnamese appeared with a fleet of junks and a troop of horsemen. However, their attack was repulsed and they had to return to Vietnam. Later, a new threat appeared in the form of the expansive
498:
ruler married an overseas Muslim from the lands to the west, Brahim Asmara, who managed to convert the king and his subjects to Islam. When the old King of Champa passed away, he was succeeded by his unnamed son. Meanwhile, Brahim Asmara and his wife had two sons called Ngali
Murtala and Raden Rahmat (alias
105:(1036–1076), also known as Nasuor or Nasurlak, was “a man with the nature of fine grass”. Exactly what is meant by this is unclear, possibly that he was all-knowing. His residence was at Bal Sri Bânay, also called Bal Canar, “the fortified palace”, a name that was given to various historical capitals.
342:
who all the time hides in every bay, every pond. The people did not obey him voluntarily”. This is interpreted as his position as an impoverished ruler who was devoted to fishing and whose mores displeased the people. He married a Muslim woman, signifying that Islam made an impact in Champa after the
497:
to Champa to ask for the daughter of the king in marriage. Consent was readily given, and the princess, known as Putri Cempa, safely made it to Java. She is associated with a grave preserved in the old capital of the realm, which carries the Śaka date 1370 (AD 1448). The other daughter of the Champa
409:
chronicle says that he was “comparable to the rain, to the tempest, handsome, large, very beautiful, knowing until the end to choose, emplace, and maintain.” Other traditions, however, characterize Po At as wicked, mendacious, puerile and foolishly vain. He even spread the rumour that the
Vietnamese
60:
chronicle which gives cryptical and metaphorical characterizations of the various kings, and in various legendary accounts. The names and dates of the kings before the 17th century cannot be confirmed from non-Cham sources and do not accord with the list of historical rulers known from inscriptions
300:
ruler sent an army against Champa, but all the
Vietnamese soldiers were drowned due to a trap set up by Po Kasit. The Lê ruler, disguised as a beggar and accompanied by Cau An, subsequently visited the grand citadel constructed by Po Kasit. Frightened by the hydraulic device that defended the
313:
chronicle says: “Then is seen a man with the aspect of a tall woman, however with a manly grace. The people did not obey him voluntarily.” From
Chinese and Vietnamese sources it is known that a series of Cham kings reestablished a kingdom in Panduranga after 1471 under troubled conditions:
378:(1536–1541). His reign was however not an improvement of the situation, since he was likened to a gluttonous raven who ate good as well as unsavoury food and degraded the Champa kingdom. The population did not listen to him. He was buried in Palei Careh in the vicinity of Parik (Phan Ri).
366:(1530–1536) is mentioned as either a brother or son of his predecessor. He was also known as Po Kabut. Very little is told about him, except that he was likened to a stilt-legged bird and was not voluntarily obeyed by the population. He was the last ruling member of Po Parican's dynasty.
53:, half of Champa was lost to the invaders and the political centre moved to Panduranga in the south. For much of the 16th century, there are almost no contemporary historical sources; it is only towards the end of the century that more detailed data about events in Champa are found.
163:
evacuate southern Champa without any shedding of blood after having overcome them in a contest. Another story, however, says that Po Klaong Garay defeated a combined attack by the Laow (Chinese) and Yuon (Vietnamese). He did not die a mundane death, but rather “returned to Heaven”.
435:
who was born from the blossom of an areca palm and raised by the Raja of Champa who resided in the city of
Malapatata and gave him his daughter Pau Bia in marriage. In due time he succeeded to the throne and subsequently built a huge city called Yak, corresponding to
44:
civilization that dominated large parts of what is today
Vietnam from the 7th century. While older historiography regarded Champa as a cohesive kingdom, newer research has revealed it as a complex of historical regions, from south to north Panduranga, Kauthara,
456:
to pay homage. The
Javanese ruler gave him his daughter Radin Galoh Ajang. When Pau Gma returned to Champa, however, his father-in-law insisted that the princess should stay with him. After the Cham king had departed, Radin Galoh Ajang bore a child by the name
188:(1205–1247) also reigned in Bal Hanguw. Nothing in particular is known about him except that he founded the first, albeit short-lived Cham dynasty. However, other traditions mention two other rulers after Po Klaong Garay, namely Tivak and Dibai.
227:. After subjugating Vietnam, they marched their troops to the Cham kingdom which they dominated for a period of twenty years. Finally, in a Year of the Horse, Champa was liberated after intense fighting. The tomb of Po Debatasuor is found in
389:(1541–1553) succeeded his brother as ruler in Byuh Bal Batsinang. Nothing in particular is told about him. It is possible that a new king in fact came to the throne in the early 1540s since Chinese sources mention a Champa ruler
502:, traditional dates 1401-1481). When they grew up, the two brothers, together with their cousin, the Cham prince Raden Burereh, traveled to Java to visit their aunt Putri Cempa. However, during their absence the King of Koci (
116:
or Putik (1076–1114) was the third king, also ruling in Bal Sri Bânay. He had the “nature of divided grass and knotted grass”. During his time there was great warfare, although the chronicles do not specify against whom.
132:
chronicle says that he was of the “nature of divided grass. Then is seen a man falling.” Unfortunately the wider context of these words is unknown, although they may allude to serious inner divisions during his reign.
296:(also spelt Po Kathit or Kathik) was able to restore the kingdom and ruled from 1433 to 1460. He only agreed to be enthroned once his sister Po Sah Ina had been lured back to Champa. The offended
477:(1459–1477), received Indra Barma well and made him convert to Islam. He became a highly appreciated minister of Mansur Shah, and his presence was the origin of the Cham community in Melaka.
461:
who was raised in Majapahit. At a later time he built a fleet and sailed to Champa to meet his father, who made him his successor. Raja Jakanak married Pau Ji Bat Ji and had a son called
938:
872:
431:
The Malay Annals, compiled in the 17th century, contain a pedigree of Champa kings which is quite different from the Cham traditions. It begins with the tale of
85:). He acted with perfection, but the kingdom was still discontent with his rule. He confided his soul and body to the Lord of Heaven and went to reside in
1043:
89:. Po Uwaluah eventually returned to the Cham kingdom to find a successor. He then returned to Heaven. In fact, his name is a Cham transcription of
32:
from mythical times. They are exactly dated in the chronicles written down much later, but their historicity before the 17th century is debated.
56:
A set of Cham chronicles from the 19th century mentions 40 exactly dated kings from about 1000 to 1832. Some of them are also mentioned in the
506:, i.e., Vietnam) conquered Champa. The three visitors therefore stayed in Java, and Sunan Ampel became one of the nine revered Muslim saints,
338:(1460–1494). He, too, was not remembered as a successful ruler. To quote the Mangbalai chronicle: “Subsequently is seen a man comparable to a
199:(1247–1281) was the son of Po Sri Agarang and succeeded to the throne in Bal Hanguw. After some time he found a new capital, Bal Anguai.
1529:
1085:
1130:
1125:
1464:
302:
82:
1036:
1290:
591:
489:
legends about the introduction of Islam in the island world. According to the chronicles, the legendary last king of
147:(1151–1205) who first ruled in Bal Sri Banây but then moved the capital to Bal Hanguw. Scholars place this either in
1325:
1207:
159:). He taught the Chams the art of making dams and irrigating the rice fields. He was a peaceful ruler who made the
1429:
211:, leading troops and elephants to conquer the Khmer lands. How long the Cham occupation lasted is not mentioned.
933:
Nola Cooke (2010) "Later-seventeenth-century Cham-Viet interactions: New light from French missionary sources",
867:
Nola Cooke (2010) "Later-seventeenth-century Cham-Viet interactions: New light from French missionary sources",
1735:
1340:
1029:
1280:
405:(1553–1579), the grandson (or nephew) of Po Kunarai. He was born in a Year of the Rat (1529, 1541, etc.). The
1260:
1013:
De eerste moslimse vorstendommen op Java: Studiën over de staatkundige geschiedenis van de 15de en 16de eeuw
987:
De eerste moslimse vorstendommen op Java: Studiën over de staatkundige geschiedenis van de 15de en 16de eeuw
1245:
1140:
474:
1669:
1489:
1416:
1400:
1390:
1300:
1285:
1120:
172:
1202:
1539:
1345:
1315:
1220:
315:
1740:
1674:
1375:
1275:
1135:
1295:
1230:
1694:
1654:
1624:
1524:
1434:
1395:
1360:
1335:
1155:
1145:
529:
306:
200:
29:
1310:
1160:
1150:
914:
824:
228:
1659:
1644:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1177:
1100:
630:Étienne Aymonier (1889) "Grammaire de la langue chame. XXIV: Traduction de la chronique royale",
510:, who disseminated Islam on the island. His two sons and grandson were also among the walisongo.
1514:
1504:
1499:
1090:
975:
848:
1609:
1385:
1365:
1330:
1225:
800:
785:
728:
607:
524:
93:
and his appearance is due to Islamic influences in Cham culture since about the 16th century.
68:
The five historical regions of Champa: Indrapura, Amaravati, Vijaya, Kauthara, and Panduranga.
64:
1664:
1544:
1484:
1235:
1215:
319:
277:
1679:
1454:
1095:
650:
635:
1689:
1589:
1350:
1115:
437:
419:
204:
46:
243:(1306–1328). There are no details about his reign, except that he reigned in Bal Anguai.
1449:
1444:
1559:
1479:
1380:
1320:
1197:
1192:
1105:
1052:
519:
390:
281:
224:
143:
1459:
1066:
1729:
1649:
1554:
1439:
1355:
1305:
1165:
297:
50:
81:(1000–1036) who descended from Heaven and resided in Bal Sri Banây (Nai, Ninh Chu,
1714:
1709:
1684:
1604:
1599:
1408:
1370:
1250:
1187:
252:
160:
561:
Michael Vickery (2009) "A Short History of Champa", in Andrew Hardy et al. (eds)
1704:
1699:
1494:
1469:
1240:
1080:
499:
1629:
1509:
494:
292:
After an extended interregnum (1397–1433), a son of Po Parican by the name of
756:
Putra Podam (2024) "Chế Bồng Nga và Po Binnasuar là hai nhân vật khác nhau",
264:
After the violent end of Po Binnasuar, a new dynasty came to the throne with
203:
believed this to have been close to Binh Dinh, known in classical sources as
1110:
507:
490:
453:
167:
1619:
1474:
448:
who took the throne after his father. Pau Gma undertook a journey to the
273:
208:
41:
309:. Po Kasit was however not entirely keenly remembered by posterity. The
175:, from c. 1300, traditionally associated with the king of the same name.
148:
1634:
1614:
503:
156:
25:
1594:
1549:
1056:
466:
323:
152:
21:
574:
Po Dharma (2001) "The History of Champa", in Emmanuel Guillon (ed.)
761:
219:
A new dynasty, solely consisting of three brothers, was founded by
1021:
339:
128:(1114–1151) now ascended the throne in Bal Sri Bânay. The cryptic
90:
86:
63:
587:
Po Dharma (2013) "Biên Niên Sử Champa (Sakkarai Dak Rai Patao)",
1072:
970:
Pierre-Yves Manguin (1979) "L'Introduction de 1'Islam au Campa"
843:
Pierre-Yves Manguin (1979) "L'Introduction de 1'Islam au Campa"
550:
The Champa Kingdom: The History of an Extinct Vietnamese Culture
486:
470:
449:
1025:
485:
The royal family of Champa (Cempa) is the subject of a set of
619:
Le Panduranga (Campa) 1802-1835: Ses rapports avec le Vietnam
645:Étienne Aymonier (1890) "Legendes historiques des Chams",
961:. Kuala Lumpur etc.: Oxford University Press, p. 101-3
276:
who harboured pretensions but lacked ability to act.
231:(Parik) where he is honoured under the name Yang In.
1523:
1174:
1063:
239:Po Debatasuar was succeeded by his uterine brother
326:. However, none of these names resemble Po Kasit.
77:The first king was, according to the chronicles,
393:as sending tribute to the Ming court in 1543.
1037:
972:Bulletin de l'École Francais d'Extrême-Orient
845:Bulletin de l'École Francais d'Extrême-Orient
797:Bulletin de l'École Francais d'Extrême-Orient
782:Bulletin de l'École Francais d'Extrême-Orient
725:Bulletin de l'École Francais d'Extrême-Orient
604:Bulletin de l'École Francais d'Extrême-Orient
563:Champa and the Arcaeology of My Son (Vietnam)
207:. Cei Anak once waged successful war against
8:
913:. Asia Research Institute Working Papers, 3.
823:. Asia Research Institute Working Papers, 3.
1015:. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, p. 20, 48, 92.
1044:
1030:
1022:
1011:H.J. de Graaf and Th.G.Th. Pigeaud (1974)
985:H.J. de Graaf and Th.G.Th. Pigeaud (1974)
795:E.M. Durand (1905) "Notes sur les Cham",
780:E.M. Durand (1905) "Notes sur les Cham",
723:E.M. Durand (1905) "Notes sur les Cham",
602:E.M. Durand (1905) "Notes sur les Cham",
1000:Babad Tanah Djawi: Javaanse rijkskroniek
401:The last king of Byuh Bal Batsinang was
374:A new ruling lineage was established by
166:
541:
473:, respectively. The Sultan of Melaka,
343:fall of the old Vijaya-based kingdom.
1695:Po Saong Nyung Ceng (Nguyễn Văn Chấn)
481:Javanese traditions about Putri Cempa
7:
1675:Po Tisuntiraidapuran (Nguyễn Văn Tá)
1316:Sri Vijayavarman (Yang Pu Ku Vijaya)
440:. Pau Glang's son and successor was
989:. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, p. 20.
948:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 169-71.
687:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 154-63.
427:Malay traditions about Champa kings
141:The last purely mythical ruler was
1574:
1121:Gangarajavarman II (Phạm Địch Văn)
935:Annalen der Hamburger Vietnamistik
891:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 168-9.
869:Annalen der Hamburger Vietnamistik
834:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 167-8.
771:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 166-7.
747:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 164-6.
334:Po Kasit was succeeded by his son
14:
1569:
151:or near the border of Krong Pha,
1690:Po Ladhuanpuguh (Nguyễn Văn Hào)
924:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 169.
900:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 169.
882:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 168.
858:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 168.
810:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 167.
738:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 164.
714:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 164.
705:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 164.
696:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 153.
678:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 154.
669:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 154.
660:Étienne Aymonier (1890), p. 154.
565:. Singapore: NUS Press, p. 45-60
1685:Po Krei Brei (Nguyễn Văn Chiêu)
1579:
493:, Brawijaya, sent his minister
444:who married Bia Suri and sired
1710:Po Phaok The (Nguyễn Văn Thừa)
1445:Jaya Sinhavarman III (Chế Mân)
959:Sejarah Melayu or Malay Annals
911:The Ming shi Account of Champa
821:The Ming shi Account of Champa
578:. London: Thames & Hudson.
20:are said to have governed the
1:
1705:Po Klan Thu (Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh)
1645:Po Saktiraydapatih (Kế Bà Tử)
1564:
1450:Jaya Sinhavarman IV (Chế Chí)
1198:Prabhasadharma (Fan Zhenlong)
647:Excursions et reconnaissances
632:Excursions et reconnaissances
305:, in the southernmost region
1515:Maha Sajai (Bàn La Trà Toại)
1510:Maha Sajan (Bàn La Trà Toàn)
1505:Maha Saya (Bàn La Trà Duyệt)
1480:Indravarman VI (Ba Đích Lại)
1475:Jaya Simhavarman V (La Ngai)
1301:Lieou Ki-Tsong (Lưu Kế Tông)
1156:Devavarman (Phạm Thiên Khởi)
1106:Bhadravarman I (Phạm Hồ Đạt)
1002:. Dordrecht: Foris, p. 18-9.
1715:Po War Palei (La Bôn Vương)
1530:Principality of Thuận Thành
1495:Maha Vijaya (Ma Kha Bí Cai)
1757:
1584:
1490:Maha Kali (Ma Kha Quý Lai)
1470:Po Binasuor (Chế Bồng Nga)
1208:Daughter of Kandarpadharma
1193:Kandarpadharma (Fan Touli)
1111:Gangaraja (Phạm Địch Chớn)
272:chronicle likens him to a
1500:Maha Kaya (Ma Kha Quý Do)
1465:Maha Sawa (Trà Hòa Bố Để)
1430:Jaya Paramesvaravarman II
1341:Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
957:C.C. Brown (tr.) (1970)
28:, and more specifically
1460:Jaya Ananda (Chế A Nan)
548:Georges Maspero (2002)
24:Kingdom in present-day
18:Legendary Champa rulers
998:J.J. Ras (ed.) (1987)
552:. Bangkok: White Lotus
176:
173:Po Klaong Garay shrine
69:
40:Champa is famous as a
1670:Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh
1640:Vietnamese occupation
170:
67:
1376:Jaya Indravarman III
1326:Paramesvaravarman II
1141:Phạm Đang Căng Thuần
1655:Po Thuntiraidaputih
1625:Po Saktiraydapaghoh
1435:Jaya Indravarman VI
1396:Jaya Indravarman IV
1361:Jaya Indravarman II
1336:Jaya Sinhavarman II
1291:Paramesvaravarman I
530:Panduranga (Champa)
1660:Po Rattiraydaputao
1635:Po Saut (Bà Tranh)
1417:Jaya Indravarman V
1401:Suryajayavarmadeva
1391:Jaya Harivarman II
1286:Jaya Indravarman I
1266:Jaya Simhavarman I
1256:Vikrantavarman III
909:Geoff Wade (2003)
819:Geoff Wade (2003)
589:Nghiên Cứu Lịch Sử
177:
70:
1723:
1722:
1620:Po Nraup (Bà Tấm)
1610:Po Klaong Mah Nai
1386:Jaya Harivarman I
1366:Paramabhodhisatva
1331:Vikrantavarman IV
1226:Vikrantavarman II
1203:Bhadresvaravarman
1188:Jaya Sambhuvarman
1131:Phạm Dương Mại II
617:Po Dharma (1987)
525:History of Champa
268:(1373–1397). The
1748:
1665:Po Tisundimahrai
1545:Zhai Ya Ma Wu An
1485:Virabhadravarman
1425:Khmer occupation
1421:
1413:
1405:
1346:Bhadravarman III
1236:Prithindravarman
1221:Naravahanavarman
1216:Vikrantavarman I
1212:
1126:Phạm Dương Mại I
1046:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1003:
996:
990:
983:
977:
968:
962:
955:
949:
946:
940:
931:
925:
922:
916:
907:
901:
898:
892:
889:
883:
880:
874:
865:
859:
856:
850:
841:
835:
832:
826:
817:
811:
808:
802:
793:
787:
778:
772:
769:
763:
754:
748:
745:
739:
736:
730:
721:
715:
712:
706:
703:
697:
694:
688:
685:
679:
676:
670:
667:
661:
658:
652:
643:
637:
628:
622:
615:
609:
600:
594:
585:
579:
572:
566:
559:
553:
546:
320:Zhai Ya Ma Wu An
201:Étienne Aymonier
184:The sixth ruler
1756:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1736:Kings of Champa
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1590:Po Klaong Halau
1532:
1528:
1519:
1419:
1411:
1403:
1351:Rudravarman III
1281:Indravarman III
1276:Bhadravarman II
1210:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1136:Phạm Thần Thành
1116:Manorathavarman
1071:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1050:
1020:
1019:
1010:
1006:
997:
993:
984:
980:
969:
965:
956:
952:
947:
943:
937:, 4-5, p. 10-1.
932:
928:
923:
919:
908:
904:
899:
895:
890:
886:
881:
877:
866:
862:
857:
853:
842:
838:
833:
829:
818:
814:
809:
805:
794:
790:
779:
775:
770:
766:
755:
751:
746:
742:
737:
733:
722:
718:
713:
709:
704:
700:
695:
691:
686:
682:
677:
673:
668:
664:
659:
655:
644:
640:
629:
625:
616:
612:
601:
597:
586:
582:
573:
569:
560:
556:
547:
543:
538:
516:
483:
429:
420:Po Klaong Halau
416:
414:Po Klaong Halau
399:
384:
372:
362:The next ruler
360:
349:
332:
290:
262:
249:
237:
217:
194:
182:
144:Po Klaong Garay
139:
137:Po Klaong Garay
123:
111:
101:The next ruler
99:
75:
38:
12:
11:
5:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Po Thong Khang
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Sha Ri Di Zhai
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:(Khmer vassal)
1414:
1412:(Khmer vassal)
1409:Suryavarmadeva
1406:
1404:(Khmer vassal)
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1381:Rudravarman IV
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Harivarman III
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Indravarman IV
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:Indravarman II
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:Rudravarman II
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1004:
991:
978:
963:
950:
941:
926:
917:
902:
893:
884:
875:
860:
851:
836:
827:
812:
803:
788:
773:
764:
749:
740:
731:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
671:
662:
653:
638:
623:
621:. Paris: EFEO.
610:
595:
580:
567:
554:
540:
539:
537:
534:
533:
532:
527:
522:
520:King of Champa
515:
512:
482:
479:
428:
425:
415:
412:
398:
395:
391:Sha Ri Di Zhai
383:
380:
371:
368:
359:
356:
348:
345:
331:
328:
289:
286:
261:
258:
248:
245:
236:
233:
216:
213:
193:
190:
186:Po Sri Agarang
181:
180:Po Sri Agarang
178:
138:
135:
122:
119:
110:
107:
98:
95:
74:
71:
37:
34:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1753:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Po Ganuhpatih
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:Po Maho Sarak
1573:
1571:
1570:Po Karut Drak
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Sha Gu Bu Luo
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:Indravarman V
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:Harivarman IV
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Harivarman II
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:Indravarman I
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1166:Rudravarman I
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:Phạm Chư Nông
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
982:
979:
976:
973:
967:
964:
960:
954:
951:
945:
942:
939:
936:
930:
927:
921:
918:
915:
912:
906:
903:
897:
894:
888:
885:
879:
876:
873:
871:, 4-5, p. 10.
870:
864:
861:
855:
852:
849:
846:
840:
837:
831:
828:
825:
822:
816:
813:
807:
804:
801:
798:
792:
789:
786:
783:
777:
774:
768:
765:
762:
759:
753:
750:
744:
741:
735:
732:
729:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
702:
699:
693:
690:
684:
681:
675:
672:
666:
663:
657:
654:
651:
649:14, p. 153-4.
648:
642:
639:
636:
633:
627:
624:
620:
614:
611:
608:
606:5, p. 377-82.
605:
599:
596:
592:
590:
584:
581:
577:
571:
568:
564:
558:
555:
551:
545:
542:
535:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
496:
492:
488:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
426:
424:
422:
421:
413:
411:
408:
404:
396:
394:
392:
388:
381:
379:
377:
376:Po Maho Sarak
370:Po Maho Sarak
369:
367:
365:
357:
355:
353:
346:
344:
341:
337:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
312:
308:
304:
299:
295:
287:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
257:
255:
254:
246:
244:
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
221:Po Debatasuar
215:Po Debatasuar
214:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
191:
189:
187:
179:
174:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:
136:
134:
131:
127:
120:
118:
115:
108:
106:
104:
96:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
72:
66:
62:
59:
54:
52:
48:
43:
35:
33:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1639:
1605:Po Aih Khang
1600:Po Jai Paran
1424:
1371:Harivarman V
1311:Yang Bo Zhan
1251:Harivarman I
1161:Vijayavarman
1151:Phạm Văn Tẩn
1012:
1007:
999:
994:
986:
981:
971:
966:
958:
953:
944:
934:
929:
920:
910:
905:
896:
887:
878:
868:
863:
854:
844:
839:
830:
820:
815:
806:
799:5, p. 375-7.
796:
791:
784:5, p. 375-7.
781:
776:
767:
758:Kauthara.org
757:
752:
743:
734:
724:
719:
710:
701:
692:
683:
674:
665:
656:
646:
641:
631:
626:
618:
613:
603:
598:
588:
583:
575:
570:
562:
557:
549:
544:
484:
462:
459:Raja Jakanak
458:
445:
441:
432:
430:
418:
417:
406:
402:
400:
386:
385:
375:
373:
364:Po Karutdrak
363:
361:
358:Po Karutdrak
351:
350:
335:
333:
310:
293:
291:
269:
265:
263:
253:Po Binnasuar
251:
250:
247:Po Binnasuar
241:Po Patarsuar
240:
238:
235:Po Patarsuar
220:
218:
196:
195:
185:
183:
142:
140:
129:
125:
124:
113:
112:
103:Po Binnasuor
102:
100:
97:Po Binnasuor
78:
76:
57:
55:
39:
17:
15:
1741:Cham people
1700:Po Bait Lan
1271:Saktivarman
1241:Satyavarman
1178:Chiêm Thành
500:Sunan Ampel
475:Mansur Shah
1730:Categories
1630:Po Jatamah
1580:Po Kunarai
1540:Bố Trì Trì
1525:Panduranga
727:5, p. 370.
634:14, p. 87.
536:References
495:Gajah Mada
387:Po Kunarai
382:Po Kunarai
316:Bố Trì Trì
307:Panduranga
278:Cambodians
266:Po Parican
260:Po Parican
79:Po Uwaluah
73:Po Uwaluah
51:Lê Dynasty
36:Background
30:Panduranga
1533:1471–1835
1175:Zhancheng
1101:Phạm Phật
1086:Phạm Hùng
974:tome LXV.
847:tome LXV.
508:walisongo
491:Majapahit
463:Pau Kubah
454:Majapahit
433:Pau Glang
407:Mangbalai
336:Po Kabrah
330:Po Kabrah
311:Mangbalai
303:Phan Rang
270:Mangbalai
130:Mangbalai
126:Po Sulika
121:Po Sulika
83:Phan Rang
58:Mangbalai
1565:Po Kabih
1455:Chế Năng
1211:(female)
1181:875–1471
1096:Phạm Văn
1091:Phạm Dật
1081:Khu Liên
576:Cham Art
514:See also
504:Giao Chỉ
487:Javanese
450:Javanese
352:Po Kabih
347:Po Kabih
294:Po Kasit
288:Po Kasit
274:parakeet
209:Cambodia
197:Cei Anak
192:Cei Anak
114:Po Patik
109:Po Patik
1615:Po Rome
1527:-Champa
1070:192-605
452:empire
446:Pau Gma
442:Pau Tri
282:Chinese
229:Phan Ri
225:Chinese
157:Po Rome
26:Vietnam
1595:Po Nit
1550:Gu Lai
1067:Lâm Ấp
1057:Champa
467:Melaka
438:Vijaya
324:Gu Lai
205:Vijaya
161:Khmers
153:Da Lat
47:Vijaya
22:Champa
1585:Po At
1064:Linyi
1053:Kings
403:Po At
397:Po At
340:wader
91:Allah
87:Mecca
42:Hindu
1073:Xitu
471:Aceh
469:and
171:The
16:The
1055:of
149:Huế
1732::
322:,
318:,
298:Lê
280:,
1045:e
1038:t
1031:v
760:.
593:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
